Catler ES 4050 User manual

1
OPERATING YOUR CONTROL GRIP SB 4010
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Instructions for use
ESPRESSO
ESPRESSO MACHINE
ES 4050

2OPERATING YOUR CONTROL GRIP SB 4010
ESPRESSO
MACHINE

33
CONTENT
CONTENT
4 Congratulations
5 Catler recommends safety rst
9 Know your espresso machine ES 4050
10 Operating your espresso machine ES 4050
14 Coee making tips
18 Care & Cleaning
21 Trouble shooting guide

4CONGRATULATIONS 4
Congratulations
on the purchase of your new espresso machine ES 4050.

5
CATLER RECOMMENDS SAFETY FIRST
CATLER RECOMMENDS SAFETY FIRST
At Catler we are very safety conscious. We design and manufacture consumer products with
the safety of you, our valued customer, foremost in mind. In addition we ask that you exercise
adegree of care when using any electrical appliance and adhere to the following precautions.
IMPORTANT SAFEGUARDS FOR YOUR ESPRESSO MACHINE
ES4050
• Carefully read all instructions
before operating and save for
future reference.
• Remove any packaging
material and promotional
labels or stickers before using
the espresso machine for the
rst time.
• To eliminate achoking
hazard for young children,
remove and safely discard the
protective cover tted to the
power plug of this appliance.
• Do not place the espresso
machine near the edge of
abench or table during
operation. Ensure the surface
is level, clean and free of water
and other substances.
• Do not place the espresso
machine on or near ahot gas
or electric burner, or where it
could touch aheated oven.
• Do not use the espresso
machine on ametal surface,
e.g. sink drain board.
• Always ensure the espresso
machine is properly assembled
before connecting to power
outlet and operating.
• WARNING: The espresso
machine is not intended to
be operated by means of an
external timer or separate
remote control system.
• Use only the accessories
provided with the espresso
machine.
• Use only cold tap water in
the water tank. Do not use
any other liquid. We do not
recommend the use of highly
ltered, de-mineralised or
distilled water as this may
aect the taste of the coee
and how the espresso machine
is designed to function.
• Never use the espresso
machine without water in the
water tank.
• Ensure the lter holder is rmly
inserted and secured into the
brewing head before using the
machine.

6CATLER RECOMMENDS SAFETY FIRST
• Never remove the lter holder
during the brewing operation
as the machine is under
pressure.
• Do not leave the espresso
machine unattended when in
use.
• Do not touch hot surfaces.
Allow the espresso machine to
cool down before moving or
cleaning any parts.
• Do not place anything, other
than cups for warming, on top
of the espresso machine.
• Always switch o the espresso
machine by pressing the
POWER button‘O ’, switch
o at the power outlet and
unplug if appliance is to be
left unattended, if not in
use, before cleaning, before
attempting to move the
appliance, disassembling,
assembling and when storing
the appliance.
• Keep the espresso machine
and accessories clean. Follow
the cleaning instructions
provided in this book. Follow
the instructions provided in
this book. Any procedure not
listed in this instruction booklet
should be performed at an
authorised Service Centre.
• Keep away from hot gas or
electric burner, or where it
could touch aheated oven.
• Use caution when using the
de-scale feature as hot steam
may be released. Before de-
scaling, ensure drip tray is
inserted. Read the instructions
further in this book.
IMPORTANT SAFEGUARDS FOR
ALL ELECTRICAL APPLIANCES
• This appliance can be used
by children aged from 8years
and above if they have been
given supervision or instruction
concerning use of the appliance
in asafe way and understand
the hazards involved. Cleaning
and user maintenance shall
not be made by children unless
they are aged from 8 years and
above and supervised.
• This appliance is for household
use only.
• Unwind the cord before use.
• To protect against electric
shock, do not immerse cord,
plug or appliance in water or
any other liquid.
• Do not let the cord hang over
the edge of abench or table,
touch hot surfaces, or become
knotted.

7
CATLER RECOMMENDS SAFETY FIRST
• This appliance is not intended
for use by persons [including
children] with reduce physical
sensory or mental capabilities,
or lack of experience and
knowledge unless they are
supervised or have been given
instruction concerning use
of the appliance by aperson
responsible for their safety.
• Children should be supervised
to ensure they do not play with
the appliance.
• It is recommended to inspect
the appliance regularly. Do
not use the appliance if power
supply cord, plug or appliance
becomes damaged in anyway.
Return the entire appliance to
the nearest authorized service
center for examination and/or
repair.
• Any maintenance other than
cleaning should be performed
at an authorized service center.
• Do not use this appliance
for anything other than its
intended use. Do not use in
moving vehicles or boats. Do
not use outdoors.
• The installation of aresidual
current device (safety switch)
is recommended to provide
additional safety protection
when using electrical
appliances. It is advisable that
asafety switch with arated
residual operating current
not exceeding 30mA be
installed in the electrical circuit
supplying the appliance.
See your electrician for
professional advice.
• For the security reasons, we
recommend to plug the Catler
Espresso Machine directly to
its own circuit, separate from
other appliances. It is not
recommended using hub or
extension cord.

8CATLER RECOMMENDS SAFETY FIRST
WARNING:
ONLY FOR HOUSEHOLD USE.
DO NOT IMMERSE IN ANY LIQUID.
WARNING:
THIS APPLIANCE IS FOR HOUSEHOLD USE ONLY.
DO NOT OPERATE THE APPLIANCE ON AN INCLINED
SURFACE.
DO NOT MOVE THE APPLIANCE WHILE IT IS SWITCHED
ON.
THE POWER PLUG WHEN PLUGGED MUST REMAIN
ACCESSIBLE FOR EASY REMOVING.
KEEP THE MANUAL ON ASAFE PLACE.
WARNING:
BURN HAZARD
PRESSURISED STEAM
CHILDREN MUST ALWAYS BE SUPERVISED!

9
KNOW YOUR ESPRESSO MACHINE ES 4050
KNOW YOUR ESPRESSO MACHINE ES 4050
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
A. POWER button surround illuminates
when machine is switched on.
B. Thermocoil heating system accurately
controls water temperature.
C. Integrated removable tamper for
tamping control.
D. Group head for easy positioning of the
portalter.
E. 54mm stainless steel portalter with
commercial style spouts.
F. Extra-tall cup height for coee mugs
G. Drip tray full indicator
H. Removable drip tray
I. Cup warming tray
J. SELECT button for steam or hot water
K. Control Dial for espresso, steam and hot
water.
L. Swivel steam wand easily adjusts to
perfect position for texturing milk.
NOT SHOWN
• Removable 1.8L water tank lled from
the top with integrated water ltration.
• Storage tray located behind the drip tray
for storage of accessories.
ACCESSORIES
• Razor™ Precision Dose Trimming Tool
• Single wall lter baskets for freshly
ground coee.
• Advanced dual wall lter baskets for pre-
ground coee.
• Water lter
• Stainless steel milk jug
CLEANING ACCESSORIES
• Cleaning tool
• Silicon cleaning disk

10 OPERATING YOUR ESPRESSO MACHINE ES 4050
OPERATING YOUR ESPRESSO MACHINE ES 4050
BEFORE FIRST USE
Machine Preparation
Remove and discard all labelling and
packaging materials attached to your
espresso machine. Ensure you have removed
all parts and accessories before discarding
the packaging. Clean parts and accessories
(water tank, portalter, lter baskets and jug)
using warm water and agentle dish washing
liquid and rinse well. Wipe the outer housing
and drip tray with asoft damp cloth and dry
thoroughly.
Do not immerse the outer housing, power
cord or power plug in water or any other
liquid.
The water lter located inside the water tank
will need to be removed before washing the
water tank.
Conditioning the Water Filter
• Remove lter from the plastic bag and
soak in acup of water for 5 minutes.
• Rinse lter under cold running water.
• Wash the stainless steel mesh in the
plastic lter compartment with cold
water. Insert the lter into the lter
holder.
• Set the dial date 2 months ahead.
• To install lter, push down to lock into
place.
• Slide the water tank into position and
lock into place.
Do not clean any of the part or accessories in
the dishwasher.
NOTE
FIRST USE
Initial Start Up
• Fill tank with water
• Press POWER button
• Apumping sound will be heard.
The machine will reach operating
temperature and go into‘Standby’mode.
Flushing the Machine
It is recommended to complete awater ushing
operation, without ground coee, to ensure
the machine has been conditioned. When the
machine has reached‘Standby’mode, run the
following 2 steps.
• Turn the Control Dial to the position
for 30 seconds.
• Turn the Control Dial to the position
to activate steam for 10 seconds.
• Repeat this cycle several times.
To purchase water lters contact your dealer.
NOTE
FILLING THE WATER TANK
• Ensure the water lter is securely tted
inside the tank.
• Fill the water tank with cold tap water to
the maximum mark on the side of the
tank and slide the water tank back into
position at the back of the machine.
• Plug the power cord into power outlet
and switch on at power point.
• Press the POWER button. The POWER
button surround will ash while the
machine is heating. When the correct
temperature has been reached, all the
button surrounds on the control panel
will illuminate.

11
OPERATING YOUR ESPRESSO MACHINE ES 4050
Check the water level before use and replace
the water daily. The water tank should be lled
with fresh, cold tap water before each use. Do
not use de-mineralised or distilled water or any
other liquid.
NOTE
COFFEE PREPARATION
Dose & Tamping the Ground Coee
If using whole bean coee ground directly
before extracting, use the Single Wall Filter
Baskets. If using Pre-ground coee, use the
Dual Wall Filter Baskets. Insert the correct
Filter Basket into the portalter. Fill the Filter
Basket with ground coee, tap down to
collapse the coee, then using the integrated
tamper, tamp down rmly (approx. 15-
20kg of pressure). It’simportant to apply
consistent pressure every time.
• As aguide to dose, the top edge of the
metal cap on the tamper should be level
with the top of the lter basket AFTER
the coee has been tamped. This will
minimise under or over dosing the coee.
• Wipe excess coee from the rim of the
lter basket to ensure aproper seal in the
group head is achieved.
TRIMMING THE DOSE
The Razor™ precision dose trimming tool
allows you to trim the puck to the right level
for aconsistent extraction.
Refer to Coee Making Tips & Preparation,
further in the manual.
EXTRACTING ESPRESSO
Insert the Portalter into the Group Head &
lock into position. Turn the Control Dial to
the position. Apumping noise will be
heard. After afew seconds, coee will begin
to brew into the cup. When sucient coee
has owed into the cup, turn the Control
Dial to‘I’. This will stop the ow of coee. We
recommend approx. 30 sec of extraction.

12 OPERATING YOUR ESPRESSO MACHINE ES 4050
For optimal avour when using a1 CUP lter,
you should extract approx. 30ml. When using
a2 CUP lter, you should extract approx. 60ml.
NOTE
LOW PRESSURE PRE-INFUSION
The low pressure pre-infusion gradually
increases water pressure to gently expand
grinds for an even extraction before
increasing to full pressure.
WARNING
The metal parts of the
portalter will be very hot.
If machine is run continuously for 30 minutes,
allow machine to cool for 5 minutes before
each use.
NOTE
TEXTURING MILK
Espresso machine Catler ES 4050 is
equipped with acommercial style steam
wand.
• Before inserting the steam wand into
the milk, it is recommended to purge the
steam wand.
• Turn the Control Dial to .
• The ‘Steam’LED will illuminate.
• It may take afew moments before the
steam appears.
• Pause the steam by returning the dial
back to the‘I’ position. This will avoid the
milk splashing out of the jug.
• The Steam will pause for 8 secs.
• Insert the wand into the milk and set the
Control Dial to the position to texture
milk.
• To stop the steam set the Control Dial to
the‘I’ position and remove the jug.
When the espresso machine creates steam,
apumping noise can be heard. This is the
normal operation of the 15 bar Italian pump.
NOTE

13
OPERATING YOUR ESPRESSO MACHINE ES 4050
HOT WATER
The machine features aseparate Hot
Water function that dispenses hot water
from the Steam Wand. To use the Hot
Water function:
• Press the‘SELECT’ button and the Hot
Water LED will illuminate.
• Direct the spout outlet towards the drip
tray.
• Turn the Control Dial to .
To turn the hot water o, turn the Control
Dial to the ‘I’ position.
The machine will automatically default to
‘Steam’ when the appliance is rst switched on.
NOTE
Both Steam and Hot Water functions cannot
be operated at the same time.
WARNING
Hot water may drip from the
Steam Wand. Always direct
spout outlet towards the drip
tray.
AUTO PURGE
For extracting espresso immediately after
using the steam function, this machine
features an auto-purge function. The auto
purge function ensures the ground coee
will not be burnt by the initial water ow
from the thermocoil being too hot. The water
is automatically released internally into the
drip tray ensuring that the thermocoil is at
optimal temperature for extracting espresso.
Your espresso will always be extracted at the
optimal temperature ensuring only the best
avours are extracted.

14 COFFEE MAKING TIPS
COFFEE MAKING TIPS
Pre-heating cup or glass
Awarm cup will help maintain the
coee’soptimal temperature. Preheat your
cup by rinsing with hot water and place on
the cup warming tray.
Heating the portalter and lter basket
Acold portalter and lter basket can
reduce the extraction temperature enough
to signicantly aect the quality of your
espresso. Ensure the portalter and lter
basket are preheated with hot water before
initial use. Wipe the lter and portalter
dry before dosing with ground coee as
moisture can encourage channelling where
water by-passes the ground coee during
extraction.
Single Wall Filter Baskets
The Single Wall lters (1 & 2 CUP) are
designed to be used with freshly ground
coee and allow you to experiment with
grind, dose, and tamp to create amore
balanced espresso.
1 cup 2 cups
The Single Wall lters have no markings on
the underside of the lter.
Advanced Dual Wall Filter Baskets
The Dual Wall lters (1 & 2 CUP) are designed
to be used with pre-ground coee and
regulate the pressure to help optimise
extraction and crema regardless of the grind,
dose or tamp pressure.
1 cup 2 cups
The Dual Wall lters have DUAL WALL
stamped on the underside of the lter.
The Grind
When grinding coee beans, the grind size
should be ne but not too ne. The grind
size will aect the rate at which the water
ows through the ground coee in the lter
basket and the taste of the espresso. If the
grind is too ne (looks like powder and feels
like our when rubbed between ngers), the
water will not ow through the coee when
under pressure. The resulting espresso will be
OVER EXTRACTED, dark in colour and bitter
in avour.
Coee Dose and Tamping
• Wipe coee basket with adry cloth.
• If using Single Wall lter baskets, grind
enough coee to ll the coee basket.
You may need to experiment with the
amount of coee to achieve the correct
dose.
• Tap the portalter several times to
distribute the coee evenly in the lter
basket.
• Tamp down rmly (using approx. 15-
20kgs of pressure). It’simportant to apply
consistent pressure every time.
• As aguide to dose, the top edge of the
metal cap on the tamper should be level
with the top of the lter basket AFTER
the coee has been tamped. This will
minimise under or over dosing the coee.

15
COFFEE MAKING TIPS
• Wipe excess coee from the rim of the
lter basket to ensure aproper seal in the
group head is achieved.
Trimming the dose
The Razor™ precision dose trimming tool
allows you to trim the puck to the right
level for aconsistent extraction. Dose
the Portalter with freshly ground coee
and tamp down with between 15-20kg of
pressure.
Insert the Razor™ into the coee basket
until its shoulders rest on the rim of the lter
basket. The blade of the dosing tool should
penetrate the surface of the tamped coee.
Rotate the Razor™ dosing tool back and forth
while holding the portalter on an angle
over the knock box to trim o excess coee.
Your coee lter basket is now dosed with
the correct amount of coee.
When using the 1 CUP Single Wall Filter basket,
you may need to make the grind ner and also
decrease the grind amount to ensure acorrect
dose and extraction.
NOTE
Extraction guide
GRIND DOSE TAMP SHOT TIME
OVER EXTRACTED
BITTER, ASTRINGENT TOO FINE Too much, use Razor to trim TOO HEAVY OVER 40SEC
BALANCED OPTIMUM 7-9 g (1 cup)
12-14 g (2 cups) 15 – 20 kg 25 – 35 sec
UNDER EXTRACTED
UNDERDEVELOPED,
SOUR
TOO
COARSE
Too little, increase
dose & use Razor
to trim
TOO LIGHT UNDER
20SEC

16 COFFEE MAKING TIPS
PURGING THE GROUP HEAD
Before placing the portalter into the group
head, run ashort ow of water through the
group head, turning the Control Dial to the
position. This will purge any ground
coee residue from the group head and
stabilise the temperature prior to extraction.
INSERTING THE PORTAFILTER
Place the portalter underneath the group
head so that the handle is aligned with the
INSERT position. Insert the portalter into the
group head and rotate the handle towards the
centre until resistance is felt.
EXTRACTING ESPRESSO
• Place pre-warmed cup(s) beneath the
group head and turn the Control Dial
to the position until the required
volume is reached.
• As aguide, the espresso should start to
ow after 8-10 seconds (infusion time)
and should be the consistency of pouring
honey.
• If the espresso starts to ow before 6
seconds you have either under dosed
the lter basket and/or the grind is too
coarse. This is an UNDER EXTRACTED
shot.
• If the espresso starts to drip but doesn’t
ow after 15 seconds, you have either
over dosed the lter basket and/or
the grind is too ne. This is an OVER
EXTRACTED shot.
• Agreat espresso is about achieving the
perfect balance between sweetness,
acidity and bitterness.
• The avour of your coee will depend
on many factors, such as the type of
coee beans, degree of roast, freshness,
coarseness or neness of the grind and
dose of ground coee.
• Experimenting by adjusting these factors
just one at atime can help to achieve the
taste of your preference.
TEXTURING MILK
There are two phases to texturing milk. The
rst is stretching the milk to aerate it and the
second is swirling the milk to make it silky
smooth. These two operations should blend
into one.
• Always start with fresh cold milk.
• Fill the jug just below the Vat the bottom
of the spout.
• Position the steam tip over the drip tray
and turn the Control Dial to position,
purging any condensed water.
• Turn the Control Dial to ‘I’position to
pause the steam, insert steam wand tip
into milk and turn dial to position.
• Insert the steam tip 1-2cm below the
surface close to the right hand side of the
jug at the 3 o’clock position.
• Keep the tip just under the surface until
the milk is spinning clockwise, producing
avortex (whirlpool eect).
• With the milk spinning, slowly lower the
jug. This will bring the steam tip to the
surface of the milk and start to introduce
air into the milk. You may have to gently
break the surface of the milk with the tip
to get the milk spinning fast enough.
• Keep the tip at or slightly below the
surface, continuing to maintain the

17
COFFEE MAKING TIPS
vortex. Texture the milk until sucient
volume is obtained.
• Lower the tip beneath the surface, but
keep the vortex of milk spinning. The milk
is at the correct temperature (60-65°C)
when the jug is hot to touch.
• Turn the Control Dial to the position
before taking the tip out of the milk.
• Set the jug to one side, turn steam on
to purge out any residual milk from the
steam wand and wipe steam wand with
adamp cloth.
• Tap the jug on the bench to collapse any
bubbles.
• Swirl the jug to polish and integrate the
texture.
• Pour milk directly into the espresso.
• The key is to work quickly, before the milk
begins to separate.
BEAN FRESHNESS
We recommend quality 100% Arabica beans
with a‘Roasted On’ date stamped on the bag,
not a‘Best Before’or ‘Use By’date. Coee
beans are best consumed between 5-20
days after the‘Roasted On’ date. Store coee
beans in an airtight container. Vacuum seal if
possible. Grind immediately before brewing
as ground coee quickly loses its avour and
aroma.

18 CARE & CLEANING
CARE & CLEANING
WARNING
ENSURE THE APPLIANCE IS SWITCHED OFF, COOLED DOWN AND
UNPLUGGED FROM THE POWER OUTLET BEFORE CLEANING. DO NOT USE
PETROL, SOLVENTS, ALCALIC AGENTS OR ANY OTHER SIMILAR LIQUIDS
FOR CLEANING.
FOLLOW THE INSTRUCTIONS STATED IN THIS CHAPTER.
INSLATALLING/REPLACING THE FILTER IN THE WATER TANK
Soak the water filter for
5 minutes.
Rinse filter and mesh. Assemble. Set date 2 months ahead. Install filter in water tank. Insert and lock the
water tank.
REPLACEMENT DUE
To purchase water lters contact your dealer.
NOTE
MACHINE CLEANING
After regular use, residual grinds and oil
build up in the machine can aect coee
extraction. We recommend performing
acleaning cycle every 2-3 months using the
cleaning tablet provided.
To perform acleaning cycle:
1. Insert the silicon disk into the portalter.
2. Place the cleaning tablet on the silicon
disk (position in the centre).
3. Insert the portalter into the group head
and rotate to right to lock in position.
4. Ensure Power On/O button is on.
5. Turn the dial to the position for
20seconds.
6. Turn the dial back to the ‘I’position.
7. Repeat steps 5-6 three times or until the
cleaning tablet is dissolved.
The water lter provided helps to prevent
scale build up which over time can aect the
performance of your machine, potentially
causing blockages and heating problems.
Replacing the water lter every two months will
reduce the mineral build up in the machine.
If you live in ahard water area, we
recommend you change the water lter
more frequently.
Replacing the water lter
• Remove the lter from the plastic bag,
and soak in acup of water for 5 minutes.
• Rinse the lter under cold running water
for 5 seconds.
• Wash the stainless steel mesh in the
plastic lter compartment with water and
assemble.
• Set the date dial 2 months ahead.
• To install, push down to lock into place.
The water lter can be removed from
the water tank during operation if not
required.
PORTAFILTER CLEANING
Periodically run water through the machine
with the portalter in place, but without
any ground coee, to rinse out any residual
coee particles.

19
CARE & CLEANING
DECALCIFYING
After regular use, hard water can cause
mineral build up in and on many of the
internal components, reducing water ow,
power of the machine, and aecting the
quality of coee. We advise decalcifying
the machine on aregular basis (every 2-3
months) using amixture of white vinegar
and water.
Solution for decalcifying
Diluted Solution (for softer water).
• 1 part white vinegar
• 2 parts cold tap water
Concentrated Solution (for harder water)
• 1 part white vinegar
• 1 part cold tap water
If an alternative decalcifying agent is used,
please follow the manufacturer’sinstructions
specied.
NOTE
DECALCIFYING THE MACHINE
• Ensure the Control Dial is in the‘I’
position, the Power On/O button is o
and the machine is switched o at the
power outlet and unplugged.
• Remove the lter holder and pour the
mixture of white vinegar and water into
the water tank.
• Plug the machine into the power outlet
and switch on.
• Ensure Power On/O button is on and
the Control Dial is on the‘I’position.
• Place alarge container under both the
Group Head and the Steam Wand.
• Set the Control Dial to the position
and let half the mixture of white vinegar
and water run through the Group Head.
• Set the Control Dial to the position
and allow the remaining liquid to run
through the Steam Wand. When the
liquid stops owing, set the Control Dial
back to the‘I’ position.
• After decalcifying, remove the water tank
and rinse thoroughly then re-ll with
fresh cold water.
• To rinse the machine, run half the water
through the Group Head and half
through the Steam Wand.
• The machine is ready for use.

20 CARE & CLEANING
CLEANING THE STEAM WAND
Run steam to clean milk from
wand after texturing.
Wipe steam wand after each use. Clean hole with pin. Remove tip. Soak tip overnight then re-attach.
CLEANING FILTER BASKETS
Should the ne holes in the lters become
blocked follow the steps below:
1. Place the lter into the portalter. Run
water through the machine with the
lter and portalter, without any ground
coee, in place.
2. Apin can be used to clear the lter
basket holes.
3. For athorough clean of the lters,
dissolve acleaning tablet in hot water
and soak lters overnight.
CLEANING THE OUTER HOUSING / CUP
WARMING PLATE
The outer housing and cup warming plate
can be cleaned with asoft, damp cloth. Then
polish with asoft, dry cloth.
Do not use abrasive cleansers, pads or cloths
which can scratch the surface.
CLEANING THE DRIP TRAY
The drip tray should be removed, emptied
and cleaned at regular intervals.
Wash the drip tray with warm soapy water,
using anon-abrasive washing liquid, rinse
and dry thoroughly. The drip tray base and
cover are dishwasher safe.
CLEANING THE STORAGE TRAY
The storage tray can be removed after the
drip tray is removed then cleaned with asoft,
damp cloth (do not use abrasive cleansers,
pads or cloths which can scratch the surface).
STORING YOUR MACHINE
Before storing, press the POWER button to
o, turn the Control Dial to ‘I’and unplug.
Insert all accessories into position or into the
storage tray.
Store upright. Do not place anything on top.
WARNING
DO NOT IMMERSE POWER
CORD, POWER PLUG OR
APPLIANCE IN WATER OR
ANY OTHER LIQUID. THE
WATER TANK SHOULD
NEVER BE REMOVED OR
COMPLETELY EMPTIED
DURING DECALCIFYING.