Clarke METALWAORKER CDP502F Instruction Manual

OPERATION & MAINTENANCE
INSTRUCTIONS
ORIGINAL INSTRUCTIONS GC03/22 - Rev 1
12-SPEED DRILL PRESS
MODEL NO: CDP502F
PART NO: 6505592

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INTRODUCTION
Thank you for purchasing this CLARKE Drill Press. Before attempting to use this
product, please read this manual thoroughly and follow the instructions
carefully. In doing so you will ensure the safety of yourself and that of others
around you, and you can look forward to your purchase giving you long and
satisfactory service.
IMPORTANT
Please read all of the safety and operating instructions carefully before using
this product. Please pay particular attention to all sections of these instructions
that display warning symbols and notices.
GUARANTEE
This product is guaranteed against faulty manufacture for a period of 12
months from the date of purchase. Please keep your receipt which will be
required as proof of purchase. This guarantee is invalid if the product is found
to have been abused or tampered with in any way, or not used for the
purpose for which it was intended.
Faulty goods should be returned to their place of purchase, no product can
be returned to us without prior permission. This guarantee does not effect your
statutory rights.
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
Through purchase of this product, the customer is taking on the
obligation to deal with Waste Electrical/Electronic Equipment (WEEE)
in accordance with the WEEE regulations in relation to the treatment,
recycling & recovery and environmentally sound disposal of the
WEEE. In effect, this means that this product must not be disposed of with
general household waste. It must be disposed of according to the laws
governing Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) at a recognised
disposal facility.
WARNING: THIS SYMBOL IS USED THROUGHOUT THE INSTRUCTIONS
WHENEVER THERE IS A RISK OF PERSONAL INJURY. ENSURE THAT
THESE WARNINGS ARE READ AND UNDERSTOOD AT ALL TIMES.

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GENERAL SAFETY RULES
GENERAL SAFETY IN THE WORKPLACE
1. Always ensure that air can circulate around the machine and that the air
vents are unobstructed.
2. Always keep work area clean & tidy. Cluttered work areas and benches
invite accidents.
3. Never over-reach. Keep proper footing and balance at all times.
4. Never store equipment in a wet/damp environment or expose to rain.
5. Keep other persons away. Do not let persons, especially children, not
involved in the work, touch the tool or extension cable and keep them
away from the work area.
6. Never operate a machine when under the influence of alcohol, drugs or
medication.
7. Always ensure the workplace is well lit. Ensure that lighting is placed so that
you will not be working in your own shadow.
8. Do not use power tools in the presence of flammable liquids or gasses.
9. Stay alert, watch what you are doing, use common sense and do not
operate the machine when you are tired.
CARE OF POWER TOOLS
1. Read this manual carefully. Learn the machines applications and
limitations, as well as the specific potential hazards peculiar to it.
2. Always keep guards in place and in working order. A guard or other part
that is damaged should be properly repaired or replaced by your Clarke
service department, unless otherwise indicated in this instruction manual.
3. Remove any adjusting keys or wrenches before starting. Form the habit of
checking to ensure that keys, wrenches and tools are removed from the
machine.
4. Don’t force the machine and use the correct power tool. It will do the job
better and safer, at the rate for which it was intended.
WARNING: WHEN USING ELECTRIC TOOLS, BASIC SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
SHOULD ALWAYS BE FOLLOWED TO REDUCE THE RISK OF FIRE, ELECTRIC
SHOCK AND PERSONAL INJURY INCLUDING THE FOLLOWING. READ ALL
THESE INSTRUCTIONS BEFORE ATTEMPTING TO OPERATE THIS PRODUCT
AND SAVE THESE INSTRUCTIONS FOR FUTURE REFERENCE.

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5. Always disconnect the machine from the power supply before carrying out
any servicing or changing of accessories.
6. Before further use of the power tool, it should be carefully checked to
determine that it will operate properly and perform its intended function.
Check for alignment of moving parts, binding of moving parts, breakage of
parts, mounting or other condition that may affect its operation.
7. Have defective switches repaired by your Clarke service department. Do
not use a power tool if the switch does not turn it on and off.
8. Always check for any damage or any condition that could affect the
operation of the machine. Damaged parts should be properly repaired.
9. Never remove the cover panel unless the machine is disconnected from
the power supply, and never use the machine with cover panels removed.
10. Have your tool repaired by a qualified person. This tool complies with the
relevant safety rules. Repairs should only be carried out by qualified
persons using original spare parts, otherwise this may result in considerable
danger to the user.
11. Never use this product for any other purpose than that described in this
booklet.
12. Never abuse the power cable by yanking the cable to disconnect it from
the socket. Keep the cable away from heat, oil or sharp edges.
13. Guard against electric shock. Avoid body contact with earthed or
grounded surfaces.
14. If the tool should be used outdoors, use only extension cables intended for
outdoor use and marked accordingly.
15. Avoid accidental starting by making sure the power switch is off before
plugging in the power cable.
ADDITIONAL SAFETY RULES FOR DRILL PRESSES
1. IMPORTANT: You should not operate this machine unless you are thoroughly
familiar with drilling machines and drilling techniques. If there is any doubt
whatsoever you should consult a qualified person.
2. Never operate the machine until it is completely assembled and you have
read and understood this entire manual.
CAUTION: AS WITH ALL MACHINERY, THERE ARE CERTAIN HAZARDS
INVOLVED WITH THEIR OPERATION AND USE. EXERCISING RESPECT AND
CAUTION WILL CONSIDERABLY LESSEN THE RISK OF PERSONAL INJURY.
HOWEVER, IF NORMAL SAFETY PRECAUTIONS ARE OVERLOOKED, OR
IGNORED, PERSONAL INJURY TO THE OPERATOR, OR DAMAGE TO
PROPERTY MAY RESULT.

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3. Always use clamps or a drill vice bolted to the table, to hold the work. It
should never be held with bare hands.
4. Always shut off the power & remove drill bit before leaving the machine.
5. Always make all adjustments with the power off.
6. Always use the correct drilling speeds for the drill size and the type of
material being drilled.
7. Never leave the drill unattended whilst it is running. Turn the machine OFF
and do not leave until it has come to a complete stop.
8. Always remove and store the drill bits when you have finished work.
9. Never attempt to drill into a workpiece that does not have a flat surface
unless a suitable support is used.
10. Always stop the drill before removing workpieces, work supports or swarf
from the table.
11. Keep drill bits sharp and clean for best and safest performance. Follow
instructions for changing accessories.
12. Adjust the table or depth stop to avoid drilling into the table surface.
13. Always be sure that the drill bit is securely locked in the chuck.
14. Never assemble or set up any work on the table while the drill is running.
15. Always ensure the table lock is tight before starting the machine.
16. Keep handles dry, clean and free from oil and grease.
17. Always keep hands and fingers away from the drill bit.
PROTECTIVE CLOTHING
1. Dress properly. Loose clothing or other jewellery may get caught in moving
parts. Non-slip footwear is recommended. Wear protective hair covering to
contain long hair.
2. Always wear safety glasses. (Everyday glasses are not safety glasses)
3. Wear a face mask if drilling into any material which produces dust.
4. Never wear gloves when operating rotating equipment.
WARNING: DUST GENERATED FROM CERTAIN MATERIALS CAN BE
HAZARDOUS TO YOUR HEALTH. ALWAYS OPERATE THE DRILL IN A WELL
VENTILATED AREA. USE A DUST COLLECTION SYSTEM IF POSSIBLE.
WARNING: THE USE OF ANY ACCESSORY OR ATTACHMENT OTHER THAN
ONE RECOMMENDED IN THIS INSTRUCTION MANUAL MAY PRESENT A RISK
OF PERSONAL INJURY.

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SAFETY SYMBOLS
The following symbols are shown on the product or it’s packaging.
Read instruction
manual before use
Wear eye protection
Do not wear gloves Falls within Waste
Electrical Equipment
(WEEE) Directive

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ELECTRICAL CONNECTIONS
Before switching the product on, make sure that the voltage of your electricity supply is
the same as that indicated on the rating plate. This product is designed to operate on
230VAC 50Hz. Connecting it to any other power source may cause damage.
This product may be fitted with a non-rewireable plug. If it is necessary to change the
fuse in the plug, the fuse cover must be refitted. If the fuse cover becomes lost or
damaged, the plug must not be used until a suitable replacement is obtained.
If the plug has to be changed because it is not suitable for your socket, or due to
damage, it should be cut off and a replacement fitted, following the wiring instructions
shown below. The old plug must be disposed of safely, as insertion into a mains socket
could cause an electrical hazard.
If the colours of the wires in the power cable of this product do not correspond
with the markings on the terminals of your plug, proceed as follows.
•TheBlue wire must be connected to the terminal marked Nor
coloured Black.
•TheBrown wire must be connected to the terminal marked Lor
coloured Red.
•The yellow and Green wire must be connected to the terminal
which is marked E or or coloured Green.
We strongly recommend that this machine is connected to the mains supply
via a Residual Current Device (RCD).
If in any doubt, consult a qualified electrician. DO NOT attempt any repairs
yourself.
WARNING! READ THESE ELECTRICAL SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS
THOROUGHLY BEFORE CONNECTING THE PRODUCT TO THE
MAINS SUPPLY.
WARNING! THE WIRES IN THE POWER CABLE OF THIS PRODUCT
ARE COLOURED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE FOLLOWING CODE:
BLUE = NEUTRAL BROWN = LIVE YELLOW AND GREEN = EARTH
Plug must be BS1363/A approved.
Always fit a 13 Amp fuse.
Ensure that the outer sheath of the cable is firmly held by the clamp
Neutral
(Blue)
Live
(Brown)
Earth
(Green and Yellow)

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PARTS INVENTORY
1 Feed Handle Assembly 8 Chuck Guard Assembly
2 Head Assembly 9 Chuck with key
3 Crank handle 10 Base
4 Column collar Hex Keys 11 Bolts & washers
5 Column 12 4 x Hex Keys (3, 4, 5 & 6mm)
6Rack 13LowerColumn
7 Table with worm drive

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UNPACKING
The drill press is delivered with the components shown on page 8.
Check the parts against the list on page 8. Should there be any deficiencies or
damage, you should contact your CLARKE dealer immediately where the
product was originally purchased. Do not discard the packaging until the
machine is assembled. The packaging consists of cardboard and
appropriately marked materials which can be sent to a re-cycling facility.
To protect the machine parts from moisture, a protective coating of light
machine oil will have been applied to the outside surfaces. Remove any
excess with a paper towel.
Take care when lifting the head assembly, considering its weight.
Before use, the machine must be securely bolted to the workshop floor.
ASSEMBLY
COLUMN TO BASE
1. Bolt the lower column to the base
with the four bolts and washers.
2. Add the column tube to the lower
column & secure with set screws.
NOTE: Ideally, the base with column
should be firmly bolted to
the workshop floor, prior to
the assembly of other
components.
TABLE TO COLUMN
1. Push the crank on to the worm
drive spigot protruding from the
gear housing. Tighten the crank
set screw onto the flat side of the
spigot using a hex key supplied.

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2. Position the rack in the slot in the
table support, so that the rack
teeth engage with the worm
gear. Position the centre of the
rack close to the worm gear as
shown in Fig 3, with the long,
smooth end uppermost.
3. Holding it in this position, slide the
table support, complete with the
rack, onto the column.
4. Lower the assembly so that the
lower end of the rack sits fully into
the recess at the base of the
column support as in Fig 4.
5. Fit the collar on to the column,
with the recess facing downwards
to hold the top of the rack in
place.
6. With the rack sitting snugly in the
recesses, top and bottom, tighten
the collar set screw with a hex
key, as shown in Fig 5.
7. Ensure there is sufficient
clearance to allow the complete
table assembly to move around the column. If necessary, reposition the
collar to achieve good movement.
8. Check to ensure the table moves smoothly from top to bottom of the rack
by turning the crank handle.
HEAD TO COLUMN
It may be necessary to unscrew the set screws (shown in fig 6) to ensure they
do not protrude internally and foul the column, as this would prevent the head
from sliding fully into position.

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1. With the help of an assistant, lift up
the head assembly and locate it
on top of the column, ensuring it
slides fully home.
2. Align the head assembly with the
machine base and tighten the
head locking set screws shown in
Fig 6 using the hex key supplied.
3. Take the feed handle assembly
and screw it firmly into the hub of
the feed shaft as shown in Fig.7.
Add the hub cover with its
retaining screw.
CHUCK GUARD ASSEMBLY
NOTE: This task should be carried
out before the chuck is
installed.
1. Slide the chuck guard over the
quill shaft and nip up the pinch
bolt, temporarily, with the pinch
bolt facing the front as in fig 8.
• This will make fitting the chuck
easier. Ensure the quill shaft/
drive spindle is at the top of it’s
travel.
INSTALLING THE CHUCK
1. Open the jaws of the chuck as far
as possible using the chuck key
supplied. Ensure the tapered hole
in the chuck is clean and fit the
chuck onto the tapered end of
the drive spindle with a firm
pressure.
2. Tap the chuck firmly with a rubber
mallet until the tapered end of
the chuck engages with the drive
spindle

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3. Slacken the chuck guard pinch bolt and turn the chuck guard so the pinch
bolt is at the rear before re-tightening.
TO REMOVE THE CHUCK (IF REQUIRED)
1. Turn the feed handles to lower the
chuck to the lowest position.
2. Slip the tapered drift wedge into
the corresponding slot in the quill
assembly and tap lightly with a
mallet to release the tapered
chuck spindle. The chuck can
then be supported over a tube or
vice and the spindle driven out
with a hammer and suitably sized
parallel sided punch.
BELT TENSIONING
1. Open the cover and slacken the
belt tension locking knobs on
each side of the machine (Fig 11).
2. Use the lever to move the motor/
bracket and the pulleys, so that
equal tension is applied to both
belts.
• Tension is correct when the belt
deflects by approx. 10 mm at
the centre of its span when
using reasonable thumb pressure.
3. Lock the motor in this position by tightening both the locking knobs.
NOTE: If the belt slips whilst drilling, re-set the belt tension.
CHECKING THE OPERATION OF THE MICROSWITCH
When closing the cover, check the operation of the micro-switch. It is
important that it operates as soon as the cover is opened in order to prevent
the machine from operating while the cover is open.
If necessary, adjust the actuating tab, which is attached to the cover, to
ensure correct operation.
CAUTION: IF A RUBBER MALLET IS NOT AVAILABLE, PROTECT THE CHUCK
WITH A BLOCK OF SCRAP TIMBER BEFORE STRIKING WITH A HAMMER.
ALWAYS ENSURE THE CHUCK JAWS ARE FULLY OPEN BEFORE STRIKING
THE CHUCK.

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SETTINGS AND ADJUSTMENTS
WORK TABLE
The work table may be raised,
lowered or swivelled around the
column, by slackening off the table
support locking handle and adjusting
the table position accordingly before
retightening the locking handle.
It may also be tilted by loosening the
bolt which secures the table to its
mounting, tilting the table to the
required position and retightening
the bolt shown in Fig 13.
A bevel scale is provided on the
table mounting, (measured in
degrees), to assist in setting the
required angle. However, for greater
accuracy the use of a protractor is
recommended.
For all normal operations, the table
should be set to 0°.
To check to ensure the drill is
perpendicular to the table, install a
large drill bit in the chuck, place a set square on the table, and bring it up to
the drill. Adjust the table if necessary, so that it is perfectly level.

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SPINDLE DEPTH STOP
Located around the spindle feed
shaft is a depth stop collar, carrying a
graduated scale (A, in Fig.15). The
collar can rotate around the shaft
and may be locked in place by the
locking screw B. The graduations
represent the hole depth in mm.
To set a drilling depth:
1. With the drill bit installed, lower it
with the power off, so that it lightly
touches the workpiece.
2. Hold in that position whist slackening the locking knob (B) and rotating the
scale (A) ANTICLOCKWISE until it stops with the zero mark opposite the
pointer (C).
3. Tighten the knob and allow the mechanism to return to its starting position.
4. Note the reading on the scale. This will be the measured distance of the
drill bit from the workpiece.
5. Decide on the depth of hole required and add this (in mm), to the value on
the scale. Re-tighten the knob.
• e.g. If the drill was 27 mm from the workpiece and you require a 10
mm deep hole, slacken the knob and turn the scale to read 37 mm.
The drill is now set to drill holes to your desired depth. Providing your workpiece
is level and flat, you may drill a series of holes, each to the same depth, quickly
and accurately.
CHANGING THE SPEED
Before changing the speeds, ensure the machine is switched OFF, and
disconnected from the power supply.
1. Open the pulley cover.
2. Slacken off the belt tension locking knob to relieve tension on the drive
belts.
3. Refer to the chart inside the pulley cover or the table on page 15 and
position the belts on the pulleys according to the drilling speed required.

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4. When the belt has been correctly
positioned, re-tension by levering
the motor away from the head
until the belt deflects by approx.
10 mm at its centre when using
reasonable thumb pressure. Lock
the motor in this position with the
belt tension locking screw.
DRILL OPERATING SPEEDS
The table below gives the belt arrangement for given drill speeds.
A similar chart is also located on the inside of the pulley cover.
The diagram shows the belts fitted to step 4 of the spindle pulley and step 1 of
the motor pulley, giving a speed of 150rpm.
SPINDLE
PULLEY A /
CENTRE
MOTOR
PULLEY B/
CENTRE
DRILL
SPEED
RPM
SPINDLE
PULLEY A/
CENTRE
MOTOR
PULLEY B/
CENTRE
DRILL
SPEED
RPM
11-A D-4 150 74-D C-3 830
22-B D-4 240 83-C B-2 1030
31-A C-3 270 92-B A-1 1270
43-C D-4 330 10 4-D B-2 1430
52-B C-3 430 11 3-C A-1 1790
61-A B-2 470 12 4-D A-1 2450

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OPERATION
1. Insert the drill bit into the jaws of the chuck by approx 1". Before tightening
the chuck, ensure that the drill bit is centred within the jaws.
2. Ensure the table height and position is set, so that drill travel is sufficient for
the job in hand.
3. Ensure the work is securely clamped or held in a drill vice, bolted to the
table. Never hold it with bare hands. Personal injury may be caused if the
workpiece is whipped out of the operators hand and causing damage to
anything it strikes.
• If the workpiece is an irregular shape and cannot be laid flat on the
table, it should be securely blocked and clamped in position.
• Any tilting, twisting, or shifting, results not only in a rough hole, but
also increases drill bit breakage.
4. For small workpieces that cannot be clamped to the table, use a drill vice.
The vice must be clamped or bolted to the table.
5. When drilling completely through
wood, always position a piece of
scrap wood between the
workpiece and the table to
prevent splintering on the
underside of the workpiece as the
drill breaks through. The scrap
piece of wood must make
contact with the left side of the
column as shown in Fig 17 to
prevent it moving.
6. In addition, set the depth of drill travel so that the drill cannot come into
contact with the table, or align the table so that the hole in its centre is in
line with the drill bit.
7. Form the habit of checking to see that the chuck key is removed from the
chuck before switching on.

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8. When completely satisfied that
the setup is correct, lower the
chuck guard into position and
switch the machine on by pushing
the ‘I’ button. To switch off, push
the ‘O’ button, see Fig 18.
9. During use, the emergency stop
button will drop down over the
other buttons. To stop the
machine instantly, just strike the
red button. To re-start, un-clip and
lift the hinged stop button/cover to access the regular start/stop buttons.
NOTE: As a safety feature, the ON/OFF switch is a ‘No Volt Release’ type.
Therefore, if the power is interrupted whilst the machine is
switched ON, it will not automatically start when power is restored.
10. Slowly turn the feed handles to bring the drill bit down towards the table
and into your workpiece. Ease the drill bit back up to clear swarf away as
required. After drilling, release the feed handles slowly to return the
machine to its starting position.
WORKING LAMP
The CDP502F is fitted with a working
lamp underneath the head
assembly.
1. Turn it on/off as required by
pressing the button on the front of
the machine.
• The bulb is a screw-in E27 type
obtainable from any hardware
store.
OVERLOAD PROTECTION
A thermal overload device is fitted to
protect the internal machine
components should undue load be
encountered. Should the drill press
stop while in use, for example, if the
drill bit should bind excessively, the
overload device will trip.
Wait a few minutes while the
machine components cool down
before pressing the re-set button
shown.

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DRILLING SPEEDS
Factors which determine the best speed to use are:
• Type of material being drilled
• Size of hole
• Quality of cut desired
• Type of drill bit
Generally, the smaller the drill bit, the greater the required speed. In soft
material, the speed should be higher than for hard metals.
As a guide, the drill speed for a given drill bit size is according to the table
below:
DRILL VICES
In order to secure the workpiece to the table, a complete range of drill vices,
cross vices and clamps is available from your Clarke dealer.
Speed Range (rpm) 1790 -
2450
1430-
1790
1270-
1430
1030-
1270
830-
1030
240-
470
150-
240
Wood inches
mm
1/4
6.4
3/8
9.5
5/8
16
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Zinc Diecast inches
mm
3/16
4.8
1/4
6.4
3/8
9.5
1/2
12.5
5/8
16
-
-
-
-
Alum & Brass inches
mm
1/8
3.2
3/16
4.8
3/8
9.5
1/2
12.5
11/16
17.5
-
-
-
-
Plastic inches
mm
1/8
3.2
3/16
4.8
5/16
7.9
7/16
11
1/2
12.5
5/8
16
-
-
Cast Iron &
Bronze
inches
mm
3/32
2.4
1/8
3.2
1/4
6.4
11/32
8.75
1/2
12.5
5/8
16
-
-
Mild Steel &
Malleable
inches
mm
1/16
1.6
3/32
2.4
5/32
4
1/4
6.4
3/8
9.5
1/2
12.5
-
-
Cast Steel &
Med Carbon
inches
mm
3/64
1.2
1/16
1.6
1/8
3.2
3/16
4.8
5/16
7.9
7/16
11
9/16
14.5
Stainless & Tool
Steel
inches
mm
1/32
0.8
3/64
1.2
1/16
1.6
1/8
3.2
1/4
6.4
3/8
9.5
1/2
12.5

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MAINTENANCE
For maximum performance, it is essential that the machine is properly
maintained. Always inspect it before use. Any damage should be repaired,
and faults rectified. Always unplug from the power supply before carrying out
any adjustment, servicing or maintenance.
Please refer to the Troubleshooting chart on page 20. If you are unable to
rectify any faults, please contact your local dealer or Clarke International for
assistance.
MONTHLY (IF IN CONSTANT USE)
1. Check the tightness of mounting bolts and head and column securing set
screws.
2. Check the drive belts for wear, and replace if frayed or damaged.
3. Use compressed air or a vacuum cleaner to remove any dust that may
have accumulated in the motor vents.
4. Apply a thin coat of wax paste or light oil to the table and column for
lubrication and to help prevent corrosion.
If the mains lead is damaged in any way it should be replaced immediately.
LUBRICATION
All bearings are packed with grease
at the factory and require no further
lubrication.
Occasionally lubricate the quill shaft
assembly with light oil if required.
AFTER USE
Remove all swarf from the machine
and thoroughly clean all surfaces.
Components should be kept dry, with
machined surfaces lightly oiled.
Always remove drill bits and store in a safe place.

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TROUBLESHOOTING
PROBLEM PROBABLE CAUSE REMEDY
Noisy operation
(under load)
a. Incorrect belt tension.
b. Dry spindle.
c. Loose pulley.
d. Loose belt.
e. Worn bearing.
a. Adjust tension.
b. Remove spindle and quill
assembly and lubricate.
c. Tighten pulley.
d. Adjust belt tension.
e. Replace bearing.
Excessive drill
wobble.
a. Loose chuck.
b. Worn spindle or
bearing.
c. Worn chuck.
d. Bent drill bit.
a. Tighten by pressing chuck
down on to a block of wood
against the table.
b. Replace spindle shaft or
bearing.
c. Replace chuck.
d. Renew drill bit.
Motor won’t start. a. Power supply.
b. Motor connection.
c. NVR switch
connection faulty.
d. Faulty switch.
e. Motor windings burned.
f. Pulley cover not closed.
g. Micro switch on cover
not operating.
a. Check power cord/fuse.
b. Check motor connections.
c. Check switch connections.
d. Replace switch.
e. Replace motor.
f. Close pulley cover.
g. Check operation of micro
switch, and renew/adjust as
necessary. (Consult your
Clarke dealer for advice).
Drill binds in work-
piece.
a. Excessive feed
pressure.
b. Loose belt.
c. Loose drill.
d. Incorrect bit speed.
e. Drill angles incorrect for
type of material.
a. Apply less pressure.
b. Check belt tension.
c. Tighten drill with key.
d. Refer to Cutting Speed chart
and adjust drill speed
accordingly.
e. Consult a technical manual
dealing with materials, drills
and cutting angles, and
sharpen drill accordingly.