Commodore 64 User manual

A Pocket Handbook
for the Commodore 64

A Pocket Handbook
for the
Commodore 64
Peter Gerrard
&
Danny Doyle
Duckworth

Second impression April 1984
First published in December 1983 by
Gerald Duck orth & Co. Ltd.
The Old Piano Factory
43 Gloucester Crescent, London NW1
© 1983 by Peter Gerrard
All rights reserved. No part of this publication
may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system,
or transmitted, in any form or by any means,
electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording
or other ise, ithout the prior permission of the
publisher.
ISBN 0 7156 1787 7
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
Gerrard, Peter
A pocket handbook for the Commodore 64.
1 . Commodore 64 (Computer)
I . Title
001.64' QA76.8.C64
ISBN 0-7156-1787-7
Printed in Great Britain by
Red ood Burn Ltd., Tro bridge
and bound by Pegasus Bookbinding, Melksham

Contents
Preface 6
ASCII tables 7
Basic key ords 9
Basic error messages 12
Colour memory 14
Conversion tables 15
Disk commands 19
Disk error messages 21
Disk formats 26
Extramon listing 35
Flo charting 40
Hex/Dec convertor 42
Hyperbolic functions 43
Memory maps 44
Memory architecture 51
M/C instruction set 54
M/C mnemonics 74
Po ers tables 76
Cartridge slot 77
Joystick slot 78
RS232 standards 79
Centronics standards 86
Other output 87
Screen memory 89
Sound chip registers 90
Musical notes values 91
Sprite memory diagram 93
Index 95

Preface
This book is a collection of relevant facts and figures about
your Commodore 64 computer.
As ell as including full memory maps, microprocessor
instruction set, computer glossary, interface tables, disk for
mats, Basic commands, input/output tables, memory
architecture, and much more, this conveniently sized book
tells you, at a glance, any important fact you need to kno
hen programming and using your computer.
We've tried to include as much relevant material as possible
in as small a space as possible. As a result, the majority of this
book is simply facts and figures: one day e might rite a
book ith ords in it!
We'd like to thank Jim Butterfield ( ithout hom...) for
getting the hole Commodore scene rolling in his o n
inimitable style, anyone ho's given us any help, advice and
information in compiling this book, the Ne Inn in Ga cott
for providing excellent pints of Marston ales in times of stress,
and finally our ives. Penny and Beryl, for putting up ith us.
P.G. and D.D.
6

ASC tables
Standard ASCII characters (7-bit code)
01 2 3 4 5 67
MS
LS 000 001 010 Oil 100 101 no 111
00000 NUL LE SP 0 @ P -P
10001 SOH C1 11AQaq
20010 STX C2 •• 2 B R b r
30011 ETX C3 £ 3 C Sc s
40100 EOT C4 $ 4 Td t
50101 ENQ NAK 7. 5 E U e u
60110 ACK SYN &6FVfV
70111 BEL ETB 7 G ugw
81000 BS CAN (8H X hX
91001 HT EM ) 9IY i Y
A1010 LF SUB * : Jzjz
B1011 VT ESC +5Kck
C1100 FF FS *<L 1
1101 CR GS =Mm
E1110 SO RS _> N n
F
+
----
m i SI US /70o EL
The ASCII symbols.
NUL -Null LE -ata Link Escape
SOH - Start of Heading C -evice Control
STX -Start of Text NAK -Negative Acknowledge
ETX - End of Text SYN -Synchronous Idle
EOT -End of Transmission ETB -End of Transmission Block
ENQ -Enquiry CAN -Cancel
ACK -Acknowledge EM -End of Medium
BEL -Bell (audible alert) SUB -Substitute
BS -Backspace ESC -Escape
HT -Horizontal Tabulation FS - File Separator
LF - Line Feed GS -Group Separator
VT -Vertical Tabulation RS -Record Separator
FF - Form Feed US -Unit Separator
CR -Carriage Return SP -Space (Blank)
SO - Shift Out EL -elete
SI -Shift In
7

Keyboard CNTL Sequences
NUL -CNTL 1LE -CNTL P
SOH -CNTL A C1/2/3/4 - CNTL Q/R/S/T
STX -CNTL B NAK -CNTL U
ETX -CNTL C SYN -CNTL V
EOT -CNTL ETB -CNTL W
ENQ -CNTL E CAN -CNTL X
ACK -CNTL FEN -CNTL Y
BEL -CNTL G SUB -CNTL Z
BS -CNTL H/BS ESC -ESC
HT -CNTL I/TAB FS -CNTL BACKSLASH
LF -CNTL J/LF GS -CNTL
VT -CNTL KRS -CNTL =
FF -CNTL L US -CNTL -
CR -CNTL M/CR SP -Space
SO -CNTL N SI -CNTL 0
8