Crystal Vision DEC105S User manual

Crystal Vision Ltd., Lion Technology Park, Station Road East, Whittlesford, Cambridge, CB22 4WL, England.
E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.crystalvision.tv Tel: [phone] Fax: [phone]
DEC105S
Composite or Y/C to SDI decoder and
SDI synchroniser

DEC105S User Manual R1.1 Crystal Vision
115/12/04
Contents
1Introduction 3
Operating modes 4
Output timing 5
Audio follow pulse 5
General Purpose Interface (GPI) 5
2Statesman 9
2.1 Installing Statesman 9
2.2 Statesman operation 10
Configuration 11
Gain, black level and phase adjustment 13
Timing adjustment 14
3Using the front control panel 16
The DEC105S menu structure 18
Selecting video standard and decoder modes 19
Setting gain and black level 20
Adjusting signal timing 22
4Card edge operation 25
Card edge controls 25
Displaying module type and firmware 25
Setting Input video format 26
Setting video standard and decoder options 26
Setting gain and black level 28
Adjusting signal timing 29
Setting 525 (NTSC) Setup 31
Restoring factory defaults 31

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5Hardware installation 32
5.1 Rear modules and signal I/O 32
RM01 32
RM23 33
RM24 33
RM25 34
RM27 35
5.2 Module configuration 35
Loop or terminate the composite video input 36
Loop or terminate the external reference 36
6Trouble shooting 37
Card edge monitoring 37
Fault finding guide 37
7Specification 39

Crystal Vision Introduction
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1Introduction
The DEC105S is an analogue composite or Y/C to serial digital video decoder. It contains
a 10 bit synchroniser allowing the serial digital output to be timed to an analogue
reference. The DEC105S also has a serial digital (SDI) input. This allows it to be used as
a synchroniser, with some additional control over gains and timing.
Two main operating modes are supported, 10 bit for professional quality PAL or NTSC
video and 8 bit for less stable PAL or NTSC video, as is often the case with VHS or
satellite feeds.
The decoder is fitted with a 3 line adaptive comb decoder and Crystal Vision’s own
bandsplit decoder which gives excellent decoding without the artefacts of a comb. This is
recommended when using broadcast PAL material. It is also designed to accommodate
jittery or damaged signals and will automatically switch to its tolerant 8 bit decoder mode
when a non-stable signal is received.
The main features are as follows:
•compact single height module
•converts composite or Y/C signals to SDI
•frame synchroniser with SDI input
•10 bit adaptive comb and PAL bandsplit filtering plus 8 bit input modes
•automatic or manual PAL/NTSC standard selection
•adjustable timing, gain and black level
•audio follow pulse for audio to video delay tracking
•GPI outputs for 8 bit lock, SDI present, ref present, std & audio follow pulse
•loop or terminate composite input and external analogue video reference input
•card edge, Statesman and remote control facilities
The DEC105S is a 100mm x 266mm module, which fits in all standard frames and can be
integrated with any boards from the company’s full product range. It uses the single
height RM01, RM23, and RM24, double height RM27 and quad height RM25 rear
connectors in the Indigo and FR-AV range of Crystal Vision frames. Note quad height
rear modules are limited to the 2U and 4U frames.

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Operating modes
To provide optimum performance with a wide range of sources the DEC105S can operate
in a number of different modes.
Input modes Description
10 bit comb PAL/NTSC
composite Uses a line-based comb decoder, which mixes to simple decoder
when the comb would produce artefacts.
10 bit bandsplit PAL
composite High quality analogue bandsplit mode provides best results when
PAL material is unsuitable for line-based comb.
10 bit Y/C (S-video) Suitable for use with well-timed PAL sources.
8 bit composite
8 bit Y/C (S-video)
All 8 bit modes use a robust simple decoder. These highly tolerant
modes are particularly suitable for use with poorly timed sources
such as VHS recorders or satellite feeds.
Each operating mode has its own luminance and chrominance gain, offset and phase
settings and both 525 and 625 line standards have separate horizontal and vertical timing
settings. All these parameters are automatically maintained when power is cycled.

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Output timing
Horizontal and vertical timing adjustments are provided which operate relative to one of
three analogue timing references. These are an external reference, the video input or an
internal free-running clock. The external reference can be video or composite syncs
although a composite black and burst plus 300mV syncs into 75Ohm as per EBU N14-
1988 is to be preferred.
If no analogue reference is provided the board will either time itself relative to the
composite or Y/C video input in 10 bit modes, or it will time its output to a free running
clock in 8 bit modes.
A horizontal offset delay adjustment varies the timing of the input video relative to input
syncs and blanking in 10 bit mode whichever source is the active reference.
Audio follow pulse
To allow an audio delay to track the video delay through the DEC105S, a TTL level pulse
is provided. This audio follow pulse is available from GPI5 and from a BNC socket on the
RM27 rear module. This pulse is output every frame. The length of the pulse (the time
between the rising and falling edge) is the same as the delay through the synchroniser.
General Purpose Interface (GPI)
The DEC105S, as with most Crystal Vision modules, is equipped with GPI control I/O.
GPI Low (<1V) High (+5V)
0‘a’ No connect
1‘b’ 8 bit lock Loss of 8 bit lock 8 bit locked
2‘c’ SDI present No SDI present SDI present
3‘d’ Reference present No reference present Reference present
4‘e’ Input standard 625 525
5‘f’ Audio follow pulse Pulse width equal to audio delay
As supplied, each GPI output has a 330Ohm resistor in series with its output. This allows
for an external LED to be driven, connected to a dc voltage of +5V.

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4U frame GPI Connections
GPI lines ‘a’ to ‘f’ of each card connect to one of eight rear remote connectors as follows:
Slot no. ‘a’ pin ‘b’ pin ‘c’ pin ‘d’ pin ‘e’ pin ‘f’ pin
18 (1) 9 (1) 18 (1) 26 (1) 19 (2) 20 (2)
27 (1) 16 (1) 17 (1) 25 (1) 10 (2) 11 (2)
38 (3) 9 (3) 18 (3) 26 (3) 19 (4) 20 (4)
47 (3) 16 (3) 17 (3) 25 (3) 10 (4) 11 (4)
55 (1) 6 (1) 15 (1) 24 (1) 1 (2) 2 (2)
64 (1) 14 (1) 13 (1) 23 (1) 3 (2) 4 (2)
75 (3) 6 (3) 15 (3) 24 (3) 1 (4) 2 (4)
84 (3) 14 (3) 13 (3) 23 (3) 3 (4) 4 (4)
93 (1) 12 (1) 22 (1) 21 (1) 12 (2) 13 (2)
10 10 (1) 11 (1) 19 (1) 20 (1) 21 (2) 22 (2)
11 3 (3) 12 (3) 22 (3) 21 (3) 12 (4) 13 (4)
12 10 (3) 11 (3) 19 (3) 20 (3) 21 (4) 22 (4)
Slot no. ‘a’ pin ‘b’ pin ‘c’ pin ‘d’ pin ‘e’ pin ‘f’ pin
18 (5) 9 (5) 18 (5) 26 (5) 19 (6) 20 (6)
27 (5) 16 (5) 17 (5) 25 (5) 10 (6) 11 (6)
38 (7) 9 (7) 18 (7) 26 (7) 19 (8) 20 (8)
47 (7) 16 (7) 17 (7) 25 (7) 10 (8) 11 (8)
55 (5) 6 (5) 15 (5) 24 (5) 1 (6) 2 (6)
64 (5) 14 (5) 13 (5) 23 (5) 3 (6) 4 (6)
75 (7) 6 (7) 15 (7) 24 (7) 1 (8) 2 (8)
84 (7) 14 (7) 13 (7) 23 (7) 3 (8) 4 (8)
93 (5) 12 (5) 22 (5) 21 (5) 12 (6) 13 (6)
10 10 (5) 11 (5) 19 (5) 20 (5) 21 (6) 22 (6)
11 3 (7) 12 (7) 22 (7) 21 (7) 12 (8) 13 (8)
12 10 (7) 11 (7) 19 (7) 20 (7) 21 (8) 22 (8)
Table shows pin number (Remote number)
Note: Remote 1, Remote 3, Remote 5 and Remote 7 are 26 way high density D-Type female
sockets and frame ground is pin 2 and +5V @500mA is pin 1 in each case.
Remote 2 and Remote 4 are 26 way high density D-Type male plugs and frame ground is
pin 6 and +5V @500mA is pin 15 in each case.
UpperLower

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2U frame GPI Connections
GPI lines ‘a’ to ‘f’ of each card connect to one of four rear remote connectors as follows:
Slot no. ‘a’ pin ‘b’ pin ‘c’ pin ‘d’ pin ‘e’ pin ‘f’ pin
18 (1) 9 (1) 18 (1) 26 (1) 19 (2) 20 (2)
27 (1) 16 (1) 17 (1) 25 (1) 10 (2) 11 (2)
38 (3) 9 (3) 18 (3) 26 (3) 19 (4) 20 (4)
47 (3) 16 (3) 17 (3) 25 (3) 10 (4) 11 (4)
55 (1) 6 (1) 15 (1) 24 (1) 1 (2) 2 (2)
64 (1) 14 (1) 13 (1) 23 (1) 3 (2) 4 (2)
75 (3) 6 (3) 15 (3) 24 (3) 1 (4) 2 (4)
84 (3) 14 (3) 13 (3) 23 (3) 3 (4) 4 (4)
93 (1) 12 (1) 22 (1) 21 (1) 12 (2) 13 (2)
10 10 (1) 11 (1) 19 (1) 20 (1) 21 (2) 22 (2)
11 3 (3) 12 (3) 22 (3) 21 (3) 12 (4) 13 (4)
12 10 (3) 11 (3) 19 (3) 20 (3) 21 (4) 22 (4)
Table shows pin number (Remote number)
Note: Remote 1 and Remote 3 are 26 way high density D-Type female sockets and frame
ground is pin 2 and +5V @500mA is pin 1 in each case.
Remote 2 and Remote 4 are 26 way high density D-Type male plugs and frame ground is
pin 6 and +5V @500mA is pin 15 in each case.
1U frame GPI connections
GPI lines ‘a’ to ‘f’ of each card connect to one of two rear remote connectors as follows:
Slot no. ‘a’ pin ‘b’ pin ‘c’ pin ‘d’ pin ‘e’ pin ‘f’ pin
18 (1) 9 (1) 18 (1) 26 (1) 19 (2) 20 (2)
27 (1) 16 (1) 17 (1) 25 (1) 10 (2) 11 (2)
35 (1) 6 (1) 15 (1) 24 (1) 1 (2) 2 (2)
44 (1) 14 (1) 13 (1) 23 (1) 3 (2) 4 (2)
53 (1) 12 (1) 22 (1) 21 (1) 12 (2) 13 (2)
610 (1) 11 (1) 19 (1) 20 (1) 21 (2) 22 (2)
Table shows pin number (Remote number)
Note: Remote 1: 26 way high-density D-Type socket. Frame ground is pin 2 and +5V @500mA is
pin 1.
Remote 2: 26 way high-density D-Type plug. Frame ground is pin 6 and +5V @500mA
is pin 15.

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DTB-AV Desk Top Box GPI connections
GPI lines ‘a’ to ‘f’ of each card connect to the rear remote connector as follows:
Slot no. ‘a’ pin ‘b’ pin ‘c’ pin ‘d’ pin ‘e’ pin ‘f’ pin
11 2 3 4 5 6
29 10 11 12 13 14
Note: Remote connector is 15 way normal density D-Type socket. Frame ground is pin 15.
Indigo DT Desk Top Box GPI connections
GPI lines ‘a’ to ‘f’ of each card connect to the rear remote connector as follows:
Slot no. ‘a’ pin ‘b’ pin ‘c’ pin ‘d’ pin ‘e’ pin ‘f’ pin
18 (1) 9 (1) 18 (1) 26 (1) 19 (2) 20 (2)
27 (1) 16 (1) 17 (1) 25 (1) 10 (2) 11 (2)
Table shows pin number (Remote number)
Note: Remote 1: 26 way high-density D-Type socket. Frame ground is pin 2 and +5V @500mA
is pin 1.
Remote 2: 26 way high-density D-Type plug. Frame ground is pin 6 and +5V @500mA
is pin 15.

Crystal Vision Statesman
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2Statesman
The Crystal Vision Statesman PC control software is designed to control a range of
Crystal Vision modules via serial control from a PC.
The main Statesman application communicates with each module in a frame that is fitted
with an active front panel. This panel can be with or without an LCD display. Statesman
will not normally be able to detect modules used in a frame with only a passive front
panel unless it is part of and active/passive combination.
2.1 Installing Statesman
Minimum pre-requisites:
•A PC running Windows 98, NT4 with SP 5 or higher Windows 2000 or
Windows XP
•A parallel port dongle supplied with the Statesman software package
•An RS422 serial connection from the host PC to the Indigo frame control input
or to Remote 2 connector on an FR1AV or FR2AV Crystal Vision frame with
at least one DEC105S module and/or other Statesman compatible module
•An active control panel MUST be fitted to the frame with version 1.63 or above
firmware – if it is an Indigo frame the firmware must be V1.04 or above
•An optional RS422 to RS232 converter if the PC has no RS422 ports
Installing Statesman
•Refer to the readme and/or help file on the CD before proceeding
•To view all application windows, set graphics resolution to at least 1024 x 768
•Remove any previous version of the Statesman software using the Add/Remove
Programs application in the Windows Control Panel
•Ensure that the Statesman dongle is fitted to the parallel port of the host PC
•Insert the Statesman CD and the installation should start immediately – if it
does not, run the setup.exe file on the CD
•Obey any installation program prompts and restart the PC when prompted
Running Statesman for the first time
The Statesman PC Control System may be run from the Crystal Vision programs folder
via the Start menu or by double-clicking on the Crystal Vision.exe file in the installed
program directory.
When the program runs it will require licence information and an administrator name and
password. It will also need to know which computer port is being used to connect to a
Crystal Vision frame(s).
Note: For further details of Statesman configuration please refer to the Statesman manual.

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2.2 Statesman operation
Once Statesman is configured it should automatically detect any Statesman compatible
modules in the connected frame or frames and display them in the main application left
hand explorer-style window.
Open any frame by clicking on the + sign or by double clicking on a frame. Installed
modules should be shown with module icons. Frame and module icons can be named as
desired by right-clicking or using the edit menu and choosing rename.
To aid user recognition of module and frame status quickly, the following colour and size
coding is used:
•A module is shown present by full colour and absent by greyed colour
•A module is shown open by large icon size and closed by small icon
•A module is the source of an active alarm if red and not alarmed if green
Double-clicking on a module will enable the display of the main application menus.
Statesman main application window
The two large control panes shown in the upper and lower halves of the window may
display different menus for the same card, or controls for different cards. Click on the
horizontal button-bar between the two panes to close the lower plane or drag the button to
vary the size of the panes.
Note: For further details of Statesman configuration and operation please refer to the Statesman
manual.

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Configuration
The configuration tab provides access to the following:
•PAL/NTSC/Auto - standard selection
•SDI/ Y/C or Composite – format selection
•8 bit/10 bit – simple or comb/bandsplit filter decoding
•Comb/bandsplit – use bandsplit if input unsuitable for comb filter
•Blank or unblank the VBI interval
•Pedestal – pass or block the NTSC pedestal
•Status – input and reference presence
Configuration
Input settings
Input settings are as follows:
Input setting Description
PAL/NTSC/Auto Force input standard or allow automatic switching between PAL and NTSC
Y/C /Composite/SDI Select Y/C (S-Video) or composite or SDI input format
Note: When the input is NTSC the Y/C mode automatically sets the module into 8 bit mode.
Use the DEC102 for 10 bit mode with NTSC inputs in Y/C format.

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Output settings (not SDI)
Output settings are as follows:
Output setting Description
8 bit/10 bit/Auto Force 10 or 8 bit output quality or allow automatic selection. When the input is NTSC
the Y/C mode automatically sets the module into 8 bit mode
Comb/bandsplit Select decoder quality setting – 10 bit adaptive comb decoder mode or 10 bit HIGH
QUALITY bandsplit mode
VBI Blanked
/Unblanked VBI data blocked or passed unprocessed (unblanked) on luminance channel
Pedestal (NTSC
only) ON: 7.5 IRE subtracted from black level, gain increased
OFF: Black level and gain settings assume no 7.5 IRE offset
Note: Vertical Blanking Interval data is normally present in PAL on lines 7-22 and 319-335 and in
NTSC on lines 10-20 and 273-282.
Status
Status indications are as follows:
Input setting Description
Input presence Green when input detected. Grey when no input detected.
Reference present Yellow when analogue reference detected. Grey when no input detected.
Note: Refer to the installation section for details of the external analogue reference input loop or
terminate link on the module itself.

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Gain, black level and phase adjustment
The level adjustment tab provides access to the following:
•Luma and Chroma gain
•U and V gain
•Black level
•Phase/Hue – 10 bit mode only
Level adjustment controls
Setting gain and black level
The gain and black level adjustments are independent for 8 and 10 bit modes as well as
comb, bandsplit and Y/C modes. For example, if the unit is set up in 10 bit mode and
subsequently adjusted in 8 bit mode, the 10 bit adjustments are maintained and will be
restored when 10 bit operation is resumed.
There are effectively five sets of independent gain and offset adjustments; 8 bit
composite, 10 bit comb, 10 bit bandsplit, 8 bit Y/C and 10 bit Y/C.
Adjusting phase/hue
The phase adjustment is separate for each video standard and for composite and Y/C
inputs. This adjustment is available in 10 bit mode only.
The Phase/Hue control adjusts chroma phase relative to burst. The range of adjustment is
360 degrees, in steps of roughly 0.1degrees. When the maximum adjustment is reached
the value wraps around to zero.
Recalling defaults
To recall default settings press the CAL button.

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Timing adjustment
The position adjustment tab provides access to the following:
•Horizontal position - output timing in 37ns steps
•Vertical position - output timing in one line steps
•Horizontal delay - input timing in 37ns steps (10 bit mode only)
Position adjustment controls
Different horizontal and vertical timing adjustments can be maintained for 625 and 525
line operation. However, the horizontal delay is common to both 525 and 625
Note: The horizontal delay and phase controls are not available in 8 bit mode.
The active output timing reference
The horizontal and vertical timing adjustments operate relative to one of three analogue
timing references. These are an external reference, the composite or Y/C input or an
internal free-running clock. Which of these is the active reference is dependent on the
presence of an external reference or whether an 8 bit or 10 bit mode is in operation.
When an external analogue timing reference is present serial output timing is maintained
relative to the external analogue reference.
When no external analogue timing reference is present the serial output timing depends
on whether the decoder is in 10 or 8 bit mode. In 10 bit mode the serial output is timed to
the composite or Y/C input. In 8 bit mode the output is timed to a free running factory set
clock. The following tables summarises the possible output timing reference sources:
Active timing reference Ext. Ref. Mode
External analogue input Present 10 or 8 bit
Composite or Y/C input Not present 10 bit
Free running internal clock Not present 8 bit

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Adjusting horizontal and vertical timing
The horizontal position slider adjusts output timing relative to the active analogue
reference in steps of 37ns. The range of adjustment is one video line.
The vertical position slider adjusts the output timing relative to the active analogue
reference in steps of one video line. The range of adjustment is one video frame. When
the maximum adjustment is reached the slider will move to zero.
Note: Attempts to exceed 524 on the vertical slider graticule in NTSC mode will reset the slider to
zero.
When both horizontal and vertical position settings are zero the serial output will be timed
to the analogue reference as per ITU-R BT.601. Increasing the vertical position setting
will delay the output relative to the reference in increments of one video line. Increasing
the Horizontal position setting will increase this delay in increments of 37ns.
With an analogue timing reference present the delay through the board depends on this
adjustment and the relative timing of the serial input and the analogue reference.
When both vertical position and horizontal position are set to zero the delay through the
board will be at a minimum. The minimum delay through the board is approximately 1.7
lines in 10 bit mode and 0.7 lines in 8 bit mode.
Adjusting input video timing
The horizontal delay adjustment varies the timing of the input video relative to input
syncs and blanking in 10 bit mode whichever source is the active reference.
Mode Input video timing
10 bit Relative to input video syncs and blanking
8 bit No horizontal delay available
The horizontal delay slider adjusts the input video timing with respect to the input video
syncs in steps of 37ns. This adjustment is available in 10 bit mode only. The available
range is -128 to +127 steps (roughly +/- 4.5 microseconds) relative to the factory default
position. The value cannot be adjusted outside this range.
Recalling defaults
To recall default settings press the Default button.

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3Using the front control panel
This operational guide assumes that the panel has been setup according to the Panel setup
procedure described in the Crystal Vision Control Panel manual.
Note: It is ESSENTIAL that the Panel setup procedure is followed and any old or unknown
passwords cleared prior to using the panel for the first time.
At power up, the two line 20-character screen will display ‘Crystal Vision’ followed by
the firmware version number for the control panel. All eight control panel key LEDs will
illuminate.
The Crystal Vision control panel start up display
'Control Panel' then briefly replaces the version number display.
If the control panel firmware has been updated for Statesman control (version 1.5.0 or
higher), Statesman Mode will be entered and the message, ‘Press CAL to Exit’ will be
displayed and the CAL LED will light.
Statesman mode is entered by default
To continue with control panel operation or configuration, press the CAL key once. A
second press of the CAL key will return to Statesman control.
The control panel will display the name of the card that first responds to the polling
request together with its location number.
The location number consists of the frame number plus the card position in the frame.

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Navigating the display
The functions assigned to control panel keys are:
•DEVICE – enters Device menu to select a card or show cards available / enter Panel setup when
held down during power up / shows frame status when pressed from Statesman mode
•CAL – enter or leave Statesman mode / enter panel diagnostics mode when held down during
power up / updates the display
•Asterisk – enters board rename menu from the Device menu
•F1 to F4 – soft keys, function assigned within each menu
•HOME – moves the display to the home menu
•ENTER – accept current selection
•Upward arrow – used to move up the menu structure / enter lock panel menu from the Device
menu
•Rotary control – shaft encoder used to select options or variable data
Menu numbering scheme
This manual uses a simple menu numbering convention based on the sequence of keys
required to reach each menu from the top level home menu. For example, menu 1.1.2 is
reached from the home menu by pressing F1, then F2. Menu 1.2.3 is reached by pressing
F2 and then F3.
Note: Please refer to the Crystal Vision Control Panel manual for details of the Panel Setup,
Lock Panel and Diagnostic menus.
Selecting the DEC105S
To select a particular card in a frame, press the DEVICE key to go to the Device menu.
The top line of the display will show ‘Available Cards X’, where X is the number of cards
that have responded so far to the polling request.
The available cards menu
Rotate the shaft encoder and the bottom row will display the successfully polled cards by
name and location or slot number.
In the example above, the card displayed is located in the first frame in slot number 1.
When the desired card is selected press the ENTER key to access that card’s HOME
menu.

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If remote control has been enabled, the control panel will then enter card mode and
communicate with the DEC105S at the node number last displayed in the available cards
list.
The DEC105S home menu
Updating the display
The values displayed on an active front panel are only updated when an adjustment is
made and when changing menu level. If mode changes occur through the use of
Statesman, card edge controls or through automatic response to the input video signal, the
text displayed on the active front panel will not be updated immediately. If necessary,
press CAL to update the display.
The DEC105S menu structure
The main top-level menus are obtained by pressing the F1, F2 and F4 keys from the
HOME menu. Menu keys are illuminated when active and when further menus are
available. The three top-level menus are:
•CONF (Configuration) – press F1
•LEVEL (Level adjustment) – press F2
•TIME (Input/output timing and phase) – press F4
The following chart shows the available DEC105S menus. The actual menus available
may vary slightly as software is updated.
The DEC105S menu tree

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Note: Function keys and shaft encoder LEDs are illuminated when active.
Menus or function keys associated with the shaft encoder for changing assigned values
are shown with a black circle.
Selecting video standard and decoder modes
Press F1 from the home menu to display the configuration menu with the following
options:
•Video standard selection
•VBI pass/blank select
•Decoder mode selection
•Setup on/off in NTSC
Configuration menu structure Description
Use F2 to select Video Standard menu and F4 to
select Mode menu
Video Standard
F1 selects PAL, NTSC or AUTO
F3 selects VBI data ON or OFF
Decoder Mode (PAL)
F1 selects COMP (Composite), Y/C or Serial digital.
F2 selects 8 bit, 10 bit or Auto
F4 selects comb or bandsplit in COMP 10 bit mode
Filter is comb in Y/C mode and Simple in 8 bit mode
Decoder Mode (NTSC)
F1 selects COMP (Composite), Y/C or Serial digital.
F2 selects 8 bit, 10 bit or Auto
F4 selects SETUP ON/OFF
10 bit mode is not available in NTSC when Y/C is
selected.
Decoder Mode (SDI)
F1 selects COMP (Composite), Y/C or Serial digital.
Video standard
Press F1 to switch the video standard through AUTO, PAL and NTSC in turn. In AUTO
mode, the board will switch automatically to the correct video standard based on the input
signal.
If VBI (Vertical Blanking Interval) data is set to ON, the data is passed as undecoded
luminance. In PAL this affects lines 7 to 22 and 319 to 335, in NTSC it affects lines 10 to
20 and 273 to 282.