7
Introduction to Firewalls
A firewall is a device that sits between your computer and the Internet that prevents
unauthorizedaccesstoorfromyournetwork.Afirewall can be a computer using firewall
software or a special piece of hardware built specifically to act as a firewall. In most
circumstances,afirewallisusedto prevent unauthorized Internet users from accessing
privatenetworksorcorporate LANs and Intranets.
A firewall watches all of the information moving to and from your network and analyzes
each piece of data. Each piece of data is checked against a set of criteria that the
administrator configures. If any data does not meet the criteria, the data is blocked and
discarded. If the data meets the criteria, the data is passed through. This method is
calledpacketfiltering.
Afirewallcanalsorun specific security functions basedonthetypeofapplicationortype
ofportthatisbeing used. For example, a firewall can be configured to workwith an FTP
orTelnetserver. Or afirewallcanbeconfigured to workwithspecificUDPorTCPportsto
allowcertainapplicationsorgamestoworkproperlyovertheInternet.
Introduction to Local Area Networking
LocalArea Networking (LAN) is the term used when connecting several computers to-
getheroverasmallareasuchasabuildingor groupofbuildings.LANs canbeconnected
overlargeareas.AcollectionofLANsconnectedoveralargeareaiscalledaWideArea
Network(WAN).
ALANconsists of multiple computers connected to each other.There are many types of
media that can connect computers together. The most common media is a CAT5 cable
(UTP or STP twisted pair wire). On the other hand, wireless networks do not use wires;
insteadtheycommunicateover radio waves.Eachcomputermusthave a NetworkInter-
face Card (NIC), which communicates the data between computers.ANIC is usually a
10Mbpsnetworkcard, a 10/100Mbps network card, or a wirelessnetwork card.
Most networks use hardware devices such as hubs or switches that each cable can be
connectedtoin order tocontinuetheconnectionbetween computers.Ahubsimplytakes
any data arriving through each port and forwards the data to all other ports.Aswitch is
more sophisticated, in that it can determine the destination port for a specific piece of
data. A switch minimizes network traffic overhead and speeds up the communication
overa network.
Networks take some time to plan and implement correctly. There are many ways to
configure your network.You may want to take some time to determine the best network
set-upforyourneeds.