Danfoss VLT Midi Drive FC 280 Guide

MAKING MODERN LIVING POSSIBLE
Design Guide
VLT®Midi Drive FC 280
vlt-drives.danfoss.com

Contents
1 Introduction 6
1.1 Purpose of the Design Guide 6
1.2 Additional Resources 6
1.3 Denitions 6
1.3.1 Frequency Converter 6
1.3.2 Input 6
1.3.3 Motor 6
1.3.4 References 7
1.3.5 Miscellaneous 7
1.4 Document and Software Version 9
1.5 Approvals and Certications 9
1.5.1 CE Mark 9
1.5.2 Low Voltage Directive 9
1.5.3 EMC Directive 9
1.6 Safety 10
2 Product Overview 11
2.1 Enclosure Size Overview 11
2.2 Electrical Installation 12
2.2.1 Motor Connection 14
2.2.2 AC Mains Connection 15
2.2.3 Control Terminal Types 16
2.2.4 Wiring to Control Terminals 17
2.3 Control Structures 17
2.3.1 Control Modes 17
2.3.2 Control Principle 19
2.3.3 Control Structure in VVC+19
2.3.4 Internal Current Control in VVC+Mode 20
2.3.5 Local (Hand On) and Remote (Auto On) Control 20
2.4 Reference Handling 21
2.4.1 Reference Limits 22
2.4.2 Scaling of Preset References and Bus References 23
2.4.3 Scaling of Analog and Pulse References and Feedback 23
2.4.4 Dead Band Around Zero 24
2.5 PID Control 27
2.5.1 Speed PID Control 27
2.5.2 Process PID Control 30
2.5.3 Process Control Relevant Parameters 31
2.5.4 Example of Process PID Control 32
Contents Design Guide
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2.5.5 Process Controller Optimization 34
2.5.6 Ziegler Nichols Tuning Method 35
2.6 EMC Emission and Immunity 36
2.6.1 General Aspects of EMC Emission 36
2.6.2 EMC Emission Requirements 37
2.6.3 EMC Immunity Requirements 38
2.7 Galvanic Isolation 39
2.8 Ground Leakage Current 39
2.9 Brake Functions 40
2.9.1 Mechanical Holding Brake 40
2.9.2 Dynamic Braking 41
2.9.3 Brake Resistor Selection 41
2.10 Smart Logic Controller 42
2.11 Extreme Running Conditions 43
2.11.1 Motor Thermal Protection 44
3 Application Examples 45
3.1 Introduction 45
3.1.1 Encoder Connection 45
3.1.2 Encoder Direction 45
3.1.3 Closed-loop Drive System 45
3.2 Application Examples 46
3.2.1 AMA 46
3.2.2 Speed 46
3.2.3 Start/Stop 47
3.2.4 External Alarm Reset 48
3.2.5 Motor Thermistor 48
3.2.6 SLC 48
4 Safe Torque O (STO) 49
4.1 Safety Precautions for STO 50
4.2 Safe Torque O Installation 50
4.3 STO Commissioning 51
4.3.1 Activation of Safe Torque O 51
4.3.2 Deactivation of Safe Torque O 51
4.3.3 STO Commissioning Test 51
4.3.4 Test for STO Applications in Manual Restart Mode 52
4.3.5 Test for STO Applications in Automatic Restart Mode 52
4.4 Maintenance and Service for STO 52
4.5 STO Technical Data 53
Contents VLT®Midi Drive FC 280
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5 RS485 Installation and Set-up 54
5.1 Introduction 54
5.1.1 Overview 54
5.1.2 Network Connection 54
5.1.3 Hardware Set-up 55
5.1.4 Parameter Settings for Modbus Communication 55
5.1.5 EMC Precautions 55
5.2 FC Protocol 55
5.2.1 Overview 55
5.2.2 FC with Modbus RTU 56
5.3 Network Conguration 56
5.4 FC Protocol Message Framing Structure 56
5.4.1 Content of a Character (byte) 56
5.4.2 Telegram Structure 56
5.4.3 Telegram Length (LGE) 56
5.4.4 Frequency Converter Address (ADR) 57
5.4.5 Data Control Byte (BCC) 57
5.4.6 The Data Field 57
5.4.7 The PKE Field 57
5.4.8 Parameter Number (PNU) 58
5.4.9 Index (IND) 58
5.4.10 Parameter Value (PWE) 58
5.4.11 Data Types Supported by the Frequency Converter 58
5.4.12 Conversion 58
5.4.13 Process Words (PCD) 59
5.5 Examples 59
5.5.1 Writing a Parameter Value 59
5.5.2 Reading a Parameter Value 59
5.6 Modbus RTU 60
5.6.1 Prerequisite Knowledge 60
5.6.2 Overview 60
5.6.3 Frequency Converter with Modbus RTU 60
5.7 Network Conguration 60
5.8 Modbus RTU Message Framing Structure 61
5.8.1 Introduction 61
5.8.2 Modbus RTU Telegram Structure 61
5.8.3 Start/Stop Field 61
5.8.4 Address Field 61
5.8.5 Function Field 61
5.8.6 Data Field 62
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5.8.7 CRC Check Field 62
5.8.8 Coil Register Addressing 62
5.8.9 How to Control the Frequency Converter 64
5.8.10 Function Codes Supported by Modbus RTU 64
5.8.11 Modbus Exception Codes 64
5.9 How to Access Parameters 64
5.9.1 Parameter Handling 64
5.9.2 Storage of Data 65
5.9.3 IND (Index) 65
5.9.4 Text Blocks 65
5.9.5 Conversion Factor 65
5.9.6 Parameter Values 65
5.10 Examples 65
5.10.1 Read Coil Status (01 hex) 65
5.10.2 Force/Write Single Coil (05 hex) 66
5.10.3 Force/Write Multiple Coils (0F hex) 66
5.10.4 Read Holding Registers (03 hex) 66
5.10.5 Preset Single Register (06 hex) 67
5.10.6 Preset Multiple Registers (10 hex) 67
5.11 Danfoss FC Control Prole 68
5.11.1 Control Word According to FC Prole (8–10 Protocol = FC Prole) 68
5.11.2 Status Word According to FC Prole (STW) 69
5.11.3 Bus Speed Reference Value 71
6 Type Code and Selection 72
6.1 Ordering Numbers: Options and Accessories 72
6.2 Ordering Numbers: Brake Resistors 73
6.2.1 Ordering Numbers: Brake Resistors 10% 73
6.2.2 Ordering Numbers: Brake Resistors 40% 74
7 Specications 75
7.1 Power-dependent Specications 75
7.2 Mains Supply (3-phase) 76
7.3 Motor Output and Motor Data 77
7.4 Ambient Conditions 77
7.5 Cable Specications 78
7.6 Control Input/Output and Control Data 78
7.7 Connection Tightening Torques 81
7.8 Fuses and Circuit Breakers 81
7.9 Eciency 82
7.10 Acoustic Noise 83
Contents VLT®Midi Drive FC 280
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7.11 dU/dt Conditions 83
7.12 Special Conditions 84
7.12.1 Manual Derating 84
7.12.2 Automatic Derating 85
Index 86
Contents Design Guide
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1 Introduction
1.1 Purpose of the Design Guide
This design guide is intended for project and systems
engineers, design consultants, and application and product
specialists. Technical information is provided to understand
the capabilities of the frequency converter for integration
into motor control and monitoring systems. Details
concerning operation, requirements, and recommendations
for system integration are described. Information is
provided for input power characteristics, output for motor
control, and ambient operating conditions for the
frequency converter.
Also included are:
•Safety features.
•Fault condition monitoring.
•Operational status reporting.
•Serial communication capabilities.
•Programmable options and features.
Design details such as site requirements, cables, fuses,
control wiring, the size and weight of units, and other
critical information necessary to plan for system integration
are also provided.
Reviewing the detailed product information in the design
stage enables developing a well-conceived system with
optimal functionality and eciency.
VLT®is a registered trademark.
1.2 Additional Resources
Resources available to understand operations and
programming of the frequency converter:
•VLT® Midi Drive FC 280 Operating Guide, provides
information about the installation, commissioning,
application and maintenance of the frequency
converter.
•VLT® Midi Drive FC 280 Programming Guide,
provides information on how to program and
includes complete parameter descriptions.
Supplementary publications and manuals are available
from Danfoss. See vlt-drives.danfoss.com/Support/Technical-
Documentation/ for listings.
1.3 Denitions
1.3.1 Frequency Converter
Coast
The motor shaft is in free mode. No torque on the motor.
IVLT,MAX
Maximum output current.
IVLT,N
Rated output current supplied by the frequency converter.
UVLT,MAX
Maximum output voltage.
1.3.2 Input
Control commands
Start and stop the connected motor with LCP and digital
inputs.
Functions are divided into 2 groups.
Functions in group 1 have higher priority than functions in
group 2.
Group 1 Precise stop, coast and reset stop, precise stop
and coast stop, quick stop, DC braking, stop, and
[OFF].
Group 2 Start, pulse start, reversing, start reversing, jog,
and freeze output.
Table 1.1 Function Groups
1.3.3 Motor
Motor running
Torque generated on the output shaft and speed from
0 RPM to maximum speed on the motor.
fJOG
Motor frequency when the jog function is activated (via
digital terminals).
fM
Motor frequency.
fMAX
Maximum motor frequency.
fMIN
Minimum motor frequency.
fM,N
Rated motor frequency (nameplate data).
IM
Motor current (actual).
IM,N
Nominal motor current (nameplate data).
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nM,N
Nominal motor speed (nameplate data).
ns
Synchronous motor speed
ns=2 × par . 1 −23 × 60s
par . 1 −39
nslip
Motor slip.
PM,N
Rated motor power (nameplate data in kW or hp).
TM,N
Rated torque (motor).
UM
Instantaneous motor voltage.
UM,N
Rated motor voltage (nameplate data).
Break-away torque
175ZA078.10
Pull-out
rpm
Torque
Illustration 1.1 Break-away Torque
ηVLT
The eciency of the frequency converter is dened as the
ratio between the power output and the power input.
Start-disable command
A start-disable command belonging to the control
commands in group 1. See Table 1.1 for more details.
Stop command
A stop command belonging to the control commands in
group 1. See Table 1.1 for more details.
1.3.4 References
Analog reference
A signal transmitted to the analog inputs 53 or 54 can be
voltage or current.
Binary reference
A signal transmitted to the serial communication port.
Preset reference
A dened preset reference to be set from -100% to +100%
of the reference range. Selection of 8 preset references via
the digital terminals.
Pulse reference
A pulse frequency signal transmitted to the digital inputs
(terminal 29 or 33).
RefMAX
Determines the relationship between the reference input at
100% full scale value (typically 10 V, 20 mA) and the
resulting reference. The maximum reference value is set in
parameter 3-03 Maximum Reference.
RefMIN
Determines the relationship between the reference input at
0% value (typically 0 V, 0 mA, 4 mA) and the resulting
reference. The minimum reference value is set in
parameter 3-02 Minimum Reference.
1.3.5 Miscellaneous
Analog inputs
The analog inputs are used for controlling various
functions of the frequency converter.
There are 2 types of analog inputs:
•Current input: 0–20 mA and 4–20 mA.
•Voltage input: 0–10 V DC.
Analog outputs
The analog outputs can supply a signal of 0–20 mA, or 4–
20 mA.
Automatic motor adaptation, AMA
The AMA algorithm determines the electrical parameters
for the connected motor at standstill.
Brake resistor
The brake resistor is a module capable of absorbing the
brake power generated in regenerative braking. This
regenerative brake power increases the DC-link voltage,
and a brake chopper ensures that the power is transmitted
to the brake resistor.
CT characteristics
Constant torque characteristics used for all applications
such as conveyor belts, displacement pumps, and cranes.
Digital inputs
The digital inputs can be used for controlling various
functions of the frequency converter.
Digital outputs
The frequency converter features 2 solid-state outputs that
can supply a 24 V DC (maximum 40 mA) signal.
DSP
Digital signal processor.
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ETR
Electronic thermal relay is a thermal load calculation based
on present load and time. Its purpose is to estimate the
motor temperature.
FC standard bus
Includes RS485 bus with FC protocol or MC protocol. See
parameter 8-30 Protocol.
Initializing
If initializing is carried out (parameter 14-22 Operation
Mode), the frequency converter returns to the default
setting.
Intermittent duty cycle
An intermittent duty rating refers to a sequence of duty
cycles. Each cycle consists of an on-load and an o-load
period. The operation can be either periodic duty or non-
periodic duty.
LCP
The local control panel makes up a complete interface for
control and programming of the frequency converter. The
LCP is detachable. With the installation kit option, the LCP
can be installed up to 3 m (9.8 ft) from the frequency
converter in a front panel.
NLCP
The numerical local control panel interface for control and
programming of the frequency converter. The display is
numerical and the panel is used to show process values.
The NLCP has storing and copy functions.
lsb
Least signicant bit.
msb
Most signicant bit.
MCM
Short for mille circular mil, an American measuring unit for
cable cross-section. 1 MCM = 0.5067 mm2.
On-line/o-line parameters
Changes to on-line parameters are activated immediately
after the data value is changed. To activate changes to o-
line parameters, press [OK].
Process PID
The PID control maintains speed, pressure, and
temperature by adjusting the output frequency to match
the varying load.
PCD
Process control data.
Power cycle
Switch o the mains until the display (LCP) is dark, then
turn power on again.
Power factor
The power factor is the relation between I1and IRMS.
Powerfactor =  3xUxI1cosϕ1
3xUxIRMS
For FC 280 frequency converters, cosϕ 1= 1, therefore:
Powerfactor =  I1xcosϕ1
IRMS
= I1
IRMS

The power factor indicates to which extent the frequency
converter imposes a load on the mains supply.
The lower the power factor, the higher the IRMS for the
same kW performance.
IRMS =  I1
2+I5 2+I7 2 + .. + In 2
In addition, a high power factor indicates that the dierent
harmonic currents are low.
The built-in DC coils produce a high power factor,
minimizing the imposed load on the mains supply.
Pulse input/incremental encoder
An external, digital pulse transmitter used for feeding back
information on motor speed. The encoder is used in
applications where great accuracy in speed control is
required.
RCD
Residual current device.
Set-up
Save parameter settings in 4 set-ups. Change among the 4
parameter set-ups and edit 1 set-up while this set-up is
inactive.
SFAVM
Acronym describing the switching pattern stator ux-
oriented asynchronous vector modulation.
Slip compensation
The frequency converter compensates for the motor slip by
giving the frequency a supplement that follows the
measured motor load, keeping the motor speed almost
constant.
Smart logic control (SLC)
The SLC is a sequence of user-dened actions executed
when the smart logic controller evaluates the associated
user-dened events as true (parameter group 13-** Smart
Logic Control).
STW
Status word.
THD
Total harmonic distortion states the total contribution of
harmonic distortion.
Thermistor
A temperature-dependent resistor placed where the
temperature is monitored (frequency converter or motor).
Trip
Trip is a state entered in fault situations. Examples of fault
situations:
•The frequency converter is subject to an over
voltage.
•The frequency converter protects the motor,
process, or mechanism.
Restart is prevented until the cause of the fault has
disappeared, and the trip state is cancelled by activating
Introduction VLT®Midi Drive FC 280
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reset or, in some cases, by being programmed to reset
automatically. Do not use trip for personal safety.
Trip lock
Trip lock is a state entered in fault situations when the
frequency converter is protecting itself and requiring
physical intervention. For example, a short circuit on the
output triggers a trip lock. A locked trip can only be
canceled by cutting o mains, removing the cause of the
fault, and reconnecting the frequency converter. Restart is
prevented until the trip state is canceled by activating
reset or, sometimes, by being programmed to reset
automatically. Do not use trip lock for personal safety.
VT characteristics
Variable torque characteristics used for pumps and fans.
VVC+
If compared with standard voltage/frequency ratio control,
voltage vector control (VVC+) improves the dynamics and
stability, both when the speed reference is changed and in
relation to the load torque.
60°AVM
Refer to the switching pattern 60°asynchronous vector
modulation.
1.4 Document and Software Version
This manual is regularly reviewed and updated. All
suggestions for improvement are welcome. Table 1.2 shows
the document version and the corresponding software
version.
Edition Remarks Software version
MG07B1 The rst edition of this manual 1.1
Table 1.2 Document and Software Version
1.5 Approvals and Certications
Frequency converters are designed in compliance with the
directives described in this section.
1.5.1 CE Mark
The CE mark (Communauté européenne) indicates that the
product manufacturer conforms to all applicable EU
directives.
The EU directives applicable to the design and
manufacture of frequency converters are:
•The Low Voltage Directive.
•The EMC Directive.
•The Machinery Directive (for units with an
integrated safety function).
The CE mark is intended to eliminate technical barriers to
free trade between the EC and EFTA states inside the ECU.
The CE mark does not regulate the quality of the product.
Technical specications cannot be deduced from the CE
mark.
1.5.2 Low Voltage Directive
Frequency converters are classied as electronic
components and must be CE labeled in accordance with
the Low Voltage Directive. The directive applies to all
electrical equipment in the 50–1000 V AC and the 75–
1600 V DC voltage ranges.
The directive mandates that the equipment design must
ensure the safety and health of people and livestock, and
the preservation of material by ensuring the equipment is
properly installed, maintained, and used as intended.
Danfoss CE labels comply with the Low Voltage Directive,
and Danfoss provides a declaration of conformity at
request.
1.5.3 EMC Directive
Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) means that electro-
magnetic interference between pieces of equipment does
not hinder their performance. The basic protection
requirement of the EMC Directive 2014/30/EU states that
devices that generate electromagnetic interference (EMI) or
whose operation could be aected by EMI must be
designed to limit the generation of electromagnetic
interference and shall have a suitable degree of immunity
to EMI when properly installed, maintained, and used as
intended.
A frequency converter can be used as standalone device or
as part of a more complex installation. Devices in either of
these cases must bear the CE mark. Systems must not be
CE marked but must comply with the basic protection
requirements of the EMC directive.
Applied standards and compliance for STO
Using STO on terminals 37 and 38 requires fulllment of all
provisions for safety including relevant laws, regulations,
and guidelines.
The integrated STO function complies with the following
standards:
•IEC/EN 61508: 2010 SIL2
•IEC/EN 61800-5-2: 2007 SIL2
•IEC/EN 62061: 2012 SILCL of SIL2
•IEC/EN 61326-3-1: 2008
•EN ISO 13849-1: 2008 Category 3 PL d
Introduction Design Guide
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11

1.6 Safety
Frequency converters contain high-voltage components
and have the potential for fatal injury if handled
improperly. Only qualied personnel are allowed to install
and operate the equipment. Do not attempt repair work
without rst removing power from the frequency converter
and waiting the designated duration of time for stored
electrical energy to dissipate.
Refer to the operating instructions shipped with the unit,
and available online for:
•Discharge time.
•Detailed safety instructions and warnings.
Strict adherence to safety precautions and notices is
mandatory for safe operation of the frequency converter.
Introduction VLT®Midi Drive FC 280
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2 Product Overview
2.1 Enclosure Size Overview
Enclosure size depends on power range.
Enclosure
size
K1 K2 K3 K4 K5
130BA870.10
130BA809.10
130BA810.10
130BA810.10
130BA810.10
Enclosure
protection IP20 IP20 IP20 IP20 IP20
Power
range
[kW (hp)]
3-phase
380–480 V
0.37–2.2 (0.5–3.0) 3.0–5.5 (5.0–7.5) 7.5 (10) 11–15 (15–20) 18.5–22 (25–30)
Power
range
[kW (hp)]
3-phase
200–240 V1)
0.37–1.5 (0.5–2.0) 2.2 (3.0) 3.7 (5.0) – –
Power
range
[kW (hp)]
single-
phase
200–240 V1)
0.37–1.5 (0.5–2.0) 2.2 (3.0) – – –
Table 2.1 Enclosure Sizes
1) Single-phase and 3-phase 200–240 V products are launched on the market later.
Product Overview Design Guide
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22

2.2 Electrical Installation
This section describes how to wire the frequency converter.
130BE202.15
Power
input
Switch mode
power supply
Motor
Analog output
interface
(PNP) = Source
(NPN) = Sink
ON = Terminated
OFF = Open
Brake
resistor
91 (L1/N)
92 (L2/L)
93 (L3)
PE
50 (+10 V OUT)
53 (A IN) **
54 (A IN)
55 (COM A IN)
0/4−20 mA
12 (+24 V OUT)
13 (+24 V OUT)
18 (D IN)
10 V DC
15 mA 100 mA
+ - + -
(U) 96
(V) 97
(W) 98
(PE) 99
(A OUT) 42
(P RS485) 68
(N RS485) 69
(COM RS485) 61
0 V
5 V
S801
0/4−20 mA
RS485
RS485
03
+10 V DC
0−10 V DC
24 V DC
02
01
24 V (NPN)
0 V (PNP)
0 V (PNP)
24 V (NPN)
19 (D IN)
24 V (NPN)
0 V (PNP)
27 (D IN/OUT)
24 V
0 V
0 V (PNP)
24 V (NPN)
29 (D IN)
24 V (NPN)
0 V (PNP)
0 V (PNP)
24 V (NPN)
33 (D IN)
32 (D IN)
38 (STO2)****
37 (STO1)****
95
P 5-00
21
ON
(+DC/R+) 89
(R-) 81
0−10 V DC
(-DC) 88
RFI
0 V
250 V AC, 3 A
Relay 1
*
***
Illustration 2.1 Basic Wiring Schematic Drawing
A=Analog, D=Digital
* Built-in brake chopper is only available on 3-phase units.
** Terminal 53 can also be used as digital input.
*** Switch S801 (bus terminal) can be used to enable termination on the RS485 port (terminals 68 and 69).
**** Refer to chapter 4 Safe Torque O (STO) for the correct STO wiring.
Product Overview VLT®Midi Drive FC 280
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130BD391.11
1
2
3
4
5
6
78
910
Reset Auto
On
Hand
On
OK
Back
Menu
Status Quick
Menu
Main
Menu
PE
U
V
W
L1
L2
L3
PE
1 PLC 6 Minimum 200 mm (7.9 in) between control cables, motor, and
mains.
2 Frequency converter 7 Motor, 3-phase and PE
3 Output contactor (generally not recommended) 8 Mains, single-phase, 3-phase, and reinforced PE
4 Grounding rail (PE) 9 Control wiring
5 Cable shielding (stripped) 10 Equalizing minimum 16 mm2(6 AWG)
Illustration 2.2 Typical Electrical Connection
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2.2.1 Motor Connection
WARNING
INDUCED VOLTAGE
Induced voltage from output motor cables that run
together can charge equipment capacitors, even when
the equipment is turned o and locked out. Failure to
run output motor cables separately or use shielded
cables could result in death or serious injury.
•Run output motor cables separately.
•Use shielded cables.
•Comply with local and national electrical codes
for cable sizes. For maximum cable sizes, see
chapter 7.1 Power-dependent Specications.
•Follow motor manufacturer wiring requirements.
•Motor wiring knockouts or access panels are
provided at the base of IP21 (NEMA1/12) units.
•Do not wire a starting or pole-changing device
(for example Dahlander motor or slip ring
induction motor) between the frequency
converter and the motor.
Procedure
1. Strip a section of the outer cable insulation.
Recommended length is 10–15 mm (0.4–0.6 in).
2. Position the stripped cable under the cable clamp
to establish mechanical xation and electrical
contact between the cable shield and ground.
3. Connect the ground cable to the nearest
grounding terminal in accordance with the
grounding instructions provided in chapter
Grounding in the VLT
®
Midi Drive FC 280 Operating
Guide. See Illustration 2.3.
4. Connect the 3-phase motor wiring to terminals
96 (U), 97 (V), and 98 (W), as shown in
Illustration 2.3.
5. Tighten the terminals in accordance with the
information provided in chapter 7.7 Connection
Tightening Torques.
130BD531.10
U
VW
96
97
98
Illustration 2.3 Motor Connection
The mains, motor, and grounding connection for single-
phase and 3-phase frequency converters are shown in
Illustration 2.4, Illustration 2.5, and Illustration 2.6, respec-
tively. Actual congurations vary with unit types and
optional equipment.
Product Overview VLT®Midi Drive FC 280
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22

130BE232.11
Illustration 2.4 Mains, Motor, and Grounding Connection for
Single-phase Units (K1, K2)
130BE231.11
Illustration 2.5 Mains, Motor, and Grounding Connection for 3-
phase Units (K1, K2, K3)
130BE804.10
Illustration 2.6 Mains, Motor, and Grounding Connection for 3-
phase Units (K4, K5)
2.2.2 AC Mains Connection
•Size the wiring based on the input current of the
frequency converter. For maximum wire sizes, see
chapter 7.1 Power-dependent Specications.
•Comply with local and national electrical codes
for cable sizes.
Procedure
1. Connect the AC input power cables to terminals
N and L for single-phase units (see
Illustration 2.4), or to terminals L1, L2, and L3 for
3-phase units (see Illustration 2.5 and
Illustration 2.6).
2. Depending on the conguration of the
equipment, connect the input power to the
mains input terminals or the input disconnect.
3. Ground the cable in accordance with the
grounding instructions in chapter Grounding in
the VLT
®
Midi Drive FC 280 Operating Guide.
4. When supplied from an isolated mains source (IT
mains or oating delta) or TT/TN-S mains with a
grounded leg (grounded delta), ensure that the
RFI lter screw is removed. Removing the RFI
screw prevents damage to the DC link and
reduces ground capacity currents in accordance
with IEC 61800-3.
Product Overview Design Guide
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22

2.2.3 Control Terminal Types
Illustration 2.7 shows the removable frequency converter
connectors. Terminal functions and default settings are
summarized in Table 2.2 and Table 2.3.
130BE212.10
1 2
3
Illustration 2.7 Control Terminal Locations
130BE214.10
37 38 12 13 18 19 27 29 32 33 61
42 53 54 50 55
68 69
1
3
2
Illustration 2.8 Terminal Numbers
See chapter 7.6 Control Input/Output and Control Data for
terminal ratings details.
Terminal Parameter Default
setting Description
Digital I/O, pulse I/O, encoder
12, 13 – +24 V DC
24 V DC supply
voltage.
Maximum
output current is
100 mA for all
24 V loads.
18
Parameter 5-10 Ter
minal 18 Digital
Input
[8] Start
Digital inputs.
19
Parameter 5-11 Ter
minal 19 Digital
Input
[10]
Reversing
27
Parameter 5-01 Ter
minal 27 Mode
Parameter 5-12 Ter
minal 27 Digital
Input
Parameter 5-30 Ter
minal 27 Digital
Output
DI [2] Coast
inverse
DO [0] No
operation
Selectable for
either digital
input, digital
output, or pulse
output. The
default setting is
digital input.
Terminal Parameter Default
setting Description
29
Parameter 5-13 Ter
minal 29 Digital
Input
[14] Jog Digital input.
32
Parameter 5-14 Ter
minal 32 Digital
Input
[0] No
operation
Digital input,
24 V encoder.
Terminal 33 can
be used for
pulse input.
33
Parameter 5-15 Ter
minal 33 Digital
Input
[0] No
operation
37, 38 – STO Functional safety
inputs.
Analog inputs/outputs
42
Parameter 6-91 Ter
minal 42 Analog
Output
[0] No
operation
Programmable
analog output.
The analog
signal is 0–
20 mA or 4–
20 mA at a
maximum of
500 Ω. Can also
be congured as
digital outputs.
50 – +10 V DC
10 V DC analog
supply voltage.
15 mA
maximum
commonly used
for potenti-
ometer or
thermistor.
53
Parameter group
6-1* Analog input
53
–
Analog input.
Only voltage
mode is
supported. It can
also be used as
digital input.
54
Parameter group
6-2* Analog input
54
–
Analog input.
Selectable
between voltage
or current mode.
55 – –
Common for
digital and
analog inputs.
Table 2.2 Terminal Descriptions - Digital Inputs/Outputs,
Analog Inputs/Outputs
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22

Terminal Parameter Default
setting Description
Serial communication
61 – –
Integrated RC
lter for cable
shield. ONLY for
connecting the
shield when
experiencing
EMC problems.
68 (+)
Parameter group
8-3* FC port
settings
–
RS485 interface.
A control card
switch is
provided for
termination
resistance.
69 (-)
Parameter group
8-3* FC port
settings
–
Relays
01, 02, 03 Parameter 5-40 Fun
ction Relay
[1] Control
Ready
Form C relay
output. These
relays are in
various locations
depending on
the frequency
converter cong-
uration and size.
Usable for AC or
DC voltage and
resistive or
inductive loads.
Table 2.3 Terminal Descriptions - Serial Communication
2.2.4 Wiring to Control Terminals
Control terminal connectors can be unplugged from the
frequency converter for ease of installation, as shown in
Illustration 2.7.
For details about STO wiring, refer to chapter 4 Safe Torque
O (STO).
NOTICE
Keep control cables as short as possible and separate
them from high-power cables to minimize interference.
1. Loosen the screws for the terminals.
2. Insert sleeved control cables into the slots.
3. Fasten the screws for the terminals.
4. Ensure that the contact is rmly established and
not loose. Loose control wiring can be the source
of equipment faults or less than optimal
operation.
See chapter 7.5 Cable Specications for control terminal
cable sizes and chapter 3 Application Examples for typical
control cable connections.
2.3 Control Structures
A frequency converter recties AC voltage from mains into
DC voltage. Then the DC voltage is converted into an AC
current with a variable amplitude and frequency.
The motor is supplied with variable voltage/current and
frequency, enabling innitely variable speed control of 3-
phased standard AC motors and permanent magnet
synchronous motors.
2.3.1 Control Modes
The frequency converter controls either the speed or the
torque on the motor shaft. The frequency converter also
controls the process for some applications which use
process data as reference or feedback, for example,
temperature and pressure. Setting parameter 1-00 Congu-
ration Mode determines the type of control.
Speed control
There are 2 types of speed control:
•Speed open-loop control, which does not require
any feedback from the motor (sensorless).
•Speed closed-loop PID control, which requires a
speed feedback to an input. A properly optimized
speed closed-loop control has higher accuracy
than a speed open-loop control.
Select which input to use as speed PID feedback in
parameter 7-00 Speed PID Feedback Source.
Torque control
The torque control function is used in applications where
the torque on motor output shaft controls the application
as tension control. Select [2] Torque closed loop or [4]
Torque open loop in parameter 1-00 Conguration Mode.
Torque setting is done by setting an analog, digital, or bus-
controlled reference. When running torque control, it is
recommended to run a full AMA procedure, because
correct motor data is important in achieving optimal
performance.
•Closed-loop in VVC+mode. This function is used
in applications with low to medium dynamic
variation of shaft and oers excellent
performance in all 4 quadrants and at all motor
speeds. The speed feedback signal is mandatory.
Ensure that the encoder resolution is at least
1024 PPR, and the shield cable of the encoder is
properly grounded, because the accuracy of the
speed feedback signal is important. Tune
parameter 7-06 Speed PID Lowpass Filter Time to
get the best speed feedback signal.
•Open-loop in VVC+mode. The function is used in
mechanically robust applications, but the
accuracy is limited. Open-loop torque function
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22

works for 2 directions. The torque is calculated
from the internal current measurement in the
frequency converter.
Speed/torque reference
The reference to these controls can be either a single
reference or the sum of various references including
relatively scaled references. Reference handling is explained
in detail in chapter 2.4 Reference Handling.
Process control
There are 2 types of process control:
•Process closed-loop control, which runs speed
open-loop to control the motor internally, is a
basic process PID controller.
•Extended PID speed open-loop control, which
also runs speed open-loop to control the motor
internally, extends the function of the basic
process PID controller by adding more functions.
For example, feed forward control, clamping,
reference/feedback lter, and gain scaling.
Product Overview VLT®Midi Drive FC 280
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22