Digi XBee S2C 802.15.4 User manual

XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4
Radio Frequency (RF) Module
User Guide

Revision history—90001500
Revision Date Description
G May 2018 Added note on range estimation. Changed ICto ISED.
H June 2018 Changes to the Active Scan command.
J May 2019 Removed Brazilian certification information.
K May 2019 Added FCC publication 996369 related information.
L July 2019 Added the NPcommand. Added RS-485 support.
Trademarks and copyright
Digi, Digi International, and the Digi logo are trademarks or registered trademarks in the United
States and other countries worldwide. All other trademarks mentioned in this document are the
property of their respective owners.
© 2018 Digi International Inc. All rights reserved.
Disclaimers
Information in this document is subject to change without notice and does not represent a
commitment on the part of Digi International. Digi provides this document “as is,” without warranty of
any kind, expressed or implied, including, but not limited to, the implied warranties of fitness or
merchantability for a particular purpose. Digi may make improvements and/or changes in this manual
or in the product(s) and/or the program(s) described in this manual at any time.
Warranty
To view product warranty information, go to the following website:
www.digi.com/howtobuy/terms
Customer support
Gather support information: Before contacting Digi technical support for help, gather the following
information:
Product name and model
Product serial number (s)
Firmware version
Operating system/browser (if applicable)
Logs (from time of reported issue)
Trace (if possible)
Description of issue
Steps to reproduce
XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module User Guide 2

Contact Digi technical support: Digi offers multiple technical support plans and service packages.
Contact us at +1 952.912.3444 or visit us at www.digi.com/support.
Feedback
To provide feedback on this document, email your comments to
[e-mail]
Include the document title and part number (XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module User Guide,
90001500 E) in the subject line of your email.
XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module User Guide 3

Contents
XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module User Guide
Applicable firmware and hardware 11
Technical specifications
Performance specifications 13
Power requirements 13
General specifications 14
Regulatory conformity summary 14
Serial communication specifications 15
UART pin assignments 15
SPI pin assignments 15
GPIO specifications 15
Hardware
Antenna options 18
Mechanical drawings 18
Mounting considerations 19
Pin signals 20
Notes 23
Design notes 23
Power supply design 23
Board layout 23
Antenna performance 23
Keepout area 24
RF pad version 26
Configure the XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module
Software libraries 30
Configure the device using XCTU 30
Over-the-air (OTA) firmware update 30
XBee Network Assistant 30
XBee Multi Programmer 31
Modes
Serial modes 33
XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module User Guide 4

XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module User Guide 5
Transparent operating mode 33
API operating mode 33
Command mode 34
Transceiver modes 36
Idle mode 36
Transmit mode 36
Receive mode 36
Operation
Addressing 38
Send packets to a specific device 38
Addressing modes 38
Encryption 38
Maximum payload 40
Maximum payload rules 40
Maximum payload summary tables 41
Work with Legacy devices 41
Networking 42
MAC Mode configuration 42
XBee retries configuration 43
Transmit status based on MAC mode and XBee retries configurations 43
Peer-to-peer networks 44
Master/slave networks 44
Clear Channel Assessment (CCA) 48
CCA operations 48
Serial interface 49
Select a serial port 49
UART data flow 50
Flow control 51
SPI operation 52
SPI signals 52
SPI parameters 53
SPI and API mode 53
Full duplex operation 53
Slave mode characteristics 54
I/O support 54
Digital I/O line support 55
Analog input 55
On demand I/O sampling 55
Periodic I/O sampling 57
Change Detect I/O sampling 58
Wakeup I/O sampling 59
Sample rate (interval) 59
I/O line passing 59
Output control 60
Sleep support 60
Sleep modes 60
Sleep parameters 61
Sleep current 62
Sleep pins 62
Direct and indirect transmission 62
Node discovery 63
Node discovery 63
Node discovery in compatibility mode 64

XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module User Guide 6
Directed node discovery 64
Directed node discovery in compatibility mode 64
Destination Node 64
Remote configuration commands 65
Send a remote command 65
Apply changes on remote devices 65
Remote command responses 65
AT commands
Special commands 67
WR (Write) 67
RE (Restore Defaults) 67
FR (Software Reset) 67
Networking and security commands 67
C8 (802.15.4 Compatibility) 67
CH (Operating Channel) 69
ID (Network ID) 69
DH (Destination Address High) 69
DL (Destination Address Low) 70
MY (Source Address) 70
SH (Serial Number High) 70
SL (Serial Number Low) 70
MM (MAC Mode) 71
RR (XBee Retries) 71
RN (Random Delay Slots) 72
ND (Network Discovery) 72
NT (Node Discover Timeout) 73
NO (Node Discovery Options) 73
DN (Discover Node) 74
CE (Coordinator Enable) 74
SC (Scan Channels) 75
SD (Scan Duration) 75
A1 (End Device Association) 76
A2 (Coordinator Association) 77
AI (Association Indication) 78
DA (Force Disassociation) 78
FP (Force Poll) 78
AS (Active Scan) 79
ED (Energy Detect) 80
EE (Encryption Enable) 80
KY (AES Encryption Key) 81
NI (Node Identifier) 81
NP (Maximum Packet Payload Bytes) 81
RF interfacing commands 82
PL (TX Power Level) 82
PM (Power Mode) 83
CA (CCA Threshold) 83
Sleep commands 83
SM (Sleep Mode) 84
ST (Time before Sleep) 84
SP (Cyclic Sleep Period) 84
DP (Disassociated Cyclic Sleep Period) 85
SO (Sleep Options) 85
Serial interfacing commands 85

XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module User Guide 7
BD (Interface Data Rate) 86
NB (Parity) 87
RO (Packetization Timeout) 87
D7 (DIO7/CTS) 87
D6 (DIO6/RTS) 88
AP (API Enable) 88
I/O settings commands 89
D0 (DIO0/AD0) 89
D1 (DIO1/AD1) 89
D2 (DIO2/AD2) 90
D3 (DIO3/AD3) 90
D4 (DIO4) 91
D5 (DIO5/ASSOCIATED_INDICATOR) 91
D8 (DIO8/SLEEP_REQUEST) 92
P0 (RSSI/PWM0 Configuration) 92
P1 (PWM1 Configuration) 93
P2 (SPI_MISO) 93
M0 (PWM0 Duty Cycle) 94
M1 (PWM1 Duty Cycle) 94
P5 (SPI_MISO) 94
P6 (SPI_MOSI Configuration) 95
P7 (SPI_SSEL ) 95
P8 (SPI_SCLK) 95
P9 (SPI_ATTN) 96
PR (Pull-up/Down Resistor Enable) 96
PD (Pull Up/Down Direction) 97
IU (I/O Output Enable) 97
IT (Samples before TX) 97
IS (Force Sample) 98
IO (Digital Output Level) 98
IC (DIO Change Detect) 98
IR (Sample Rate) 99
RP (RSSI PWM Timer) 99
I/O line passing commands 99
IA (I/O Input Address) 99
T0 (D0 Timeout) 100
T1 (D1 Output Timeout) 100
T2 (D2 Output Timeout) 100
T3 (D3 Output Timeout) 100
T4 (D4 Output Timeout) 101
T5 (D5 Output Timeout) 101
T6 (D6 Output Timeout) 101
T7 (D7 Output Timeout) 101
PT (PWM Output Timeout) 101
Diagnostic commands 102
VR (Firmware Version) 102
VL (Version Long) 102
HV (Hardware Version) 102
DB (Last Packet RSSI) 102
EC (CCA Failures) 103
EA (ACK Failures) 103
DD (Device Type Identifier) 103
Command mode options 104
CT (Command mode Timeout) 104
CN (Exit Command mode) 104

XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module User Guide 8
AC (Apply Changes) 104
GT (Guard Times) 104
CC (Command Character) 105
Operate in API mode
API mode overview 107
API frame specifications 107
API operation (AP parameter = 1) 107
API operation-with escaped characters (AP parameter = 2) 107
Start delimiter 108
Length 108
Frame data 108
Checksum 109
Calculate and verify checksums 109
Escaped characters in API frames 110
Frame descriptions 111
64-bit Transmit Request - 0x00 111
16-bit Transmit Request- 0x01 113
Local AT Command Request - 0x08 115
Queue Local AT Command Request - 0x09 117
Remote AT Command Request - 0x17 119
Description 122
Format 122
Examples 123
16-bit Receive Packet - 0x81 124
64-bit I/O Sample Indicator - 0x82 126
16-bit I/O Sample Indicator - 0x83 128
Description 130
Examples 131
Transmit Status - 0x89 132
Modem Status - 0x8A 135
Modem status codes 136
Remote AT Command Response- 0x97 138
Regulatory information
United States (FCC) 142
OEM labeling requirements 142
FCC notices 142
FCC-approved antennas (2.4 GHz) 144
RF exposure 156
FCC publication 996369 related information 156
Europe (CE) 157
Maximum power and frequency specifications 157
OEM labeling requirements 157
Listen Before Talk requirement 158
Declarations of conformity 158
Antennas 158
ISED (Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada) 159
Labeling requirements 159
For XBee S2C surface-mount 159
For XBee-PRO S2C surface-mount 159
For XBee S2C through-hole 159

XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module User Guide 9
For XBee-PRO S2C through-hole 159
Transmitters for detachable antennas 159
Detachable antenna 160
Australia (RCM) 160
South Korea 160
Load 802.15.4 firmware on ZB devices
Background 166
Load 802.15.4 firmware 166
Migrate from XBee through-hole to surface-mount devices
Pin mapping 169
Mount the devices 170
PCB design and manufacturing
Recommended solder reflow cycle 173
Recommended footprint and keepout 173
Flux and cleaning 175
Rework 175

XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module User Guide
XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Modules are embedded solutions providing wireless end-point
connectivity to devices. These devices use the IEEE 802.15.4 networking protocol for fast point-to-
multipoint or peer-to-peer networking. They are designed for high-throughput applications requiring
low latency and predictable communication timing.
There are two footprints for the XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module hardware: through-hole
(TH) and surface-mount (SMT). TH devices include a 20-pin header and require the placement of two
1x10 sockets on the carrier board for mounting the device. SMT devices include 37 pads. They are
placed directly on the carrier board, which means they do not require holes or sockets for mounting.
The TH version may be useful for prototyping and production, but we recommend SMT for high-volume
applications, as the component can be placed automatically by a pick-and-place machine and you save
the cost of a socket on each board.
The XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module supports the needs of low-cost, low-power wireless
sensor networks. The devices require minimal power and provide reliable delivery of data between
devices. The devices operate within the ISM 2.4 GHz frequency band.
The XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module uses S2C hardware and the Silicon Labs EM357 chipset.
As the name suggests, the 802.15.4 module is over-the-air compatible with our Legacy 802.15.4
module (S1 hardware), and the TH versions of the new product are also form factor compatible with
designs that use the Legacy module.
Note OTA capability is only available when MM (Mac Mode)= 0 or 3
Applicable firmware and hardware 11
XBee/XBee-PRO S2C 802.15.4 RF Module User Guide 10