Donaldson Torit WSO 10 User manual

IOM AK0300601
Revision 2

Process owners/operators have important responsibilities relating to combustible hazards.
Process owners/operators must determine whether their process creates combustible dust,
fume, or mist. If combustible dust, fume, or mist is generated, process owners/operators should at a
minimum:
• Comply with all applicable codes and standards. Among other considerations, current NFPA standards
require owners/operators whose processes involve potentially combustible materials to have a current
Hazard Analysis, which can serve as the foundation for their process hazard mitigation strategies.
• Prevent all ignition sources from entering any dust collection equipment.
• Design, select, and implement fire and explosion mitigation, suppression, and isolation strategies that
are appropriate for the risks associated with their application.
• Develop and implement maintenance work practices to maintain a safe operating environment, ensuring
that combustible dust, fume, or mist does not accumulate within the plant.
Donaldson recommends process owners/operators consult with experts to insure each of these
responsibilities are met.
As a manufacturer and supplier of Industrial Filtration Products, Donaldson can assist process owners/
operators in the selection of filtration technologies. However, process owners/operators retain all
responsibility for the suitability of fire and explosion hazard mitigation, suppression, and isolation strategies.
Donaldson assumes no responsibility or liability for the suitability of any fire and/or explosion mitigation
strategy, or any items incorporated into a collector as part of an owner/operators hazard mitigation strategy.
Improper operation of a dust control system may contribute to conditions in the work area or facility that
could result in severe personal injury and product or property damage. Check that all collection equipment is
properly selected and sized for the intended use.
DO NOT operate this equipment until you have read and understand the instruction warnings in the
Installation and Operations Manual. For a replacement manual, contact Donaldson Torit.
This manual contains specific precautionary statements relative to worker safety. Read thoroughly and comply
as directed. Discuss the use and application of this equipment with a Donaldson Torit representative. Instruct all
personnel on safe use and maintenance procedures.
Donaldson Company, Inc.
Model Number _____________________________ Serial Number ______________________________
Ship Date _________________________________ Installation Date _____________________________
Customer Name _______________________________________________________________________
Address _____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
Filter Type ____________________________________________________________________________
Accessories __________________________________________________________________________
Other________________________________________________________________________________
Data Sheet

WSO 10, 15, and 20
3
Contents
Caution Statements................................................2
Data Sheet .............................................................3
Description ............................................................4
Purpose and Intended Use ....................................4
Operation ..............................................................5
Inspection on Arrival .............................................6
Installation Codes and Procedures.........................6
Installation.............................................................6
Site Selection, Grade-Mounted Units ............6
Site Selection, Ceiling-Mounted Units...........7
Unit Location ........................................................7
Electrical Wiring....................................................8
Rigging Instructions...............................................8
Suggested Tools and Equipment....................8
Hoisting Information ....................................8
Standard Equipment ............................................10
General Installation ....................................10
Flush Mount Installation ............................12
Flanged Inlet Hopper Installation ...............12
Ceiling Mount Installation..........................13
Machine Center Mount Installation............14
Collector Stand Installation ........................16
Floor Mount Stand Installation ..................18
Inlet Hopper with Flex-Duct Installation....19
P-Trap Installation ......................................20
Electrical Connection..................................21
Motor Starter Control Box .........................21
Optional Equipment ............................................22
HEPA/95% DOP Filter ...............................22
Retrofit Kit Field Installation......................22
Latch and Afterfilter Installation ................22
Afterfilter Pressure Gauge Installation ........23
Sprinkler Installation ..................................24
Drain Collection Container.........................25
Preliminary Start-Up Check .................................26
Service Information .............................................26
Operational Checklist .................................26
Filter Cleaning and Replacement ................28
Primary Filter Replacement.........................28
Final Filter Replacement .............................30
P-Trap Service ............................................31
P-Trap with Y Strainer Service....................31
Drain Collection Container.........................32
Troubleshooting...................................................33
Service Notes .......................................................35
Warranty .............................................................40
This manual contains specific
precautionary statements relative to
worker safety. Read thoroughly and
comply as directed. Discuss the use
and application of this equipment with a
Donaldson representative. Instruct all
personnel on safe use and maintenance
procedures.
Model Number________________________________________________ Serial Number__________________________________________________
Ship Date ______________________________________________________ Installation Date ______________________________________________
Customer Name ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Address______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Filter Type______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Accessories______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Other______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Data Sheet
Minihelic® is a registered trademark of Dwyer Instruments, Inc.

Donaldson Company, Inc.
4
CAUTION!
• Misuse or modification of this
equipment may result in personal
injury.
• Do not misuse or modify.
Description
Designed for versatility, the WSO (Water, Smoke,
and Oil) mist collector is specifically engineered for
water-soluble, smoke, and oil-based mist
applications. WSO mist collector, Machine-
Mountable Models WSO 10, 15, and 20 collect
airborne mist such as oil, water-soluble, semi-
synthetic and synthetic coolant from machining
operations. Two stages of filtration, plus an
optional HEPA or 95% DOP filter, provide a
cleaner, healthier work environment as well as a
more cost effective means of mist collection. With
airflow capacities up to 1200 cfm for the WSO 10,
15, and 20, the WSO is a strategic component to
meeting industrial and government air-quality
standards. The high efficiency filter cartridges allow
air and coolants to be recycled.
Designed to increase the versatility of the unit, a
variety of filter media specifically designed for mist
collection is a standard offering on the product line.
The WSO model number (10, 15, or 20) indicates
the height of the primary filter in inches for that
particular model. For examples, the WSO 15
contains a 15 inch tall primary filter. The primary
filter is uniquely designed for either water-based
coolants, straight oils, or thermally-generated
smoky applications. Standard options include drain
collection containers, P-traps, adjustable floor
mounting stands, and afterfilters.
The WSO machine-mountable unit is powered by a
blower and motor mounted in the filter cabinet.
Purpose and Intended Use
Airborne mist is small droplets of metalworking
fluids suspended in the air. Metalworking fluids
include straight oils, water-soluble coolants, semi-
synthetic and synthetic coolants. These fluids
perform a variety of functions such as lubricating or
cooling the part or the tool, flushing chips away
from the part, and suppressing dust and smoke.
Mist is created in two ways: mechanical action or
thermal effects. Mechanical action involves coolant
used for light lubrication and generally creates mist
greater than one micron in size. Thermal effects
occur when heat vaporizes the coolant, the vapor
cools and recondenses into a mist. Thermal effects
create mist from 0.01 to 1 micron in size. Other
contaminants, such as dust from the part or the
tool or smoke from the vaporization of the oil or
coolant are also generated when using
metalworking fluids.
The WSO mist collector is not designed to handle
water mist alone. There should be some type of oil
content to allow coalescing since water vapor will
simply pass through the filters. The extremes of
very heavy oil and light, thin oil should be avoided.
Very heavy oil, similar to tar consistency, will not
drain while very light, thin oil, similar to paint
thinner consistency, may evaporate.

WSO 10, 15, and 20
5
primary filter cartridge
clean-air outlet
blower and motor
coalesced
large droplets
first-stage filter
dirty-air inlet
clean-air plenum
P-trap (drain)
optional afterfilter
Unit Operation, WSO 15 shown
Operation
During normal operation, contaminated air enters
the unit through the dirty-air inlet on the bottom of
the unit. The incoming air slows, causing large mist
droplets and particles to fall out of the air stream.
The air passes through a reusable first-stage filter
designed to collect and coalesce large droplets and
particles.
The primary stage of filtration is the pleated filter
cartridge specifically designed to collect, coalesce,
and drain fine mist. As the mist coalesce, the
droplets are big enough to run down the cartridge
and drain back into the collector. The droplets will
drain on both the inside and outside of the
cartridge. Liquid that collects on the inside of the
cartridge drains through the bottom portion of the
porous media and into the hopper. Clean, mist-free
air exits the cartridge and discharges through the
top of the collector.

Donaldson Company, Inc.
6
CAUTION!
OSHA may have requirements regarding
recirculating filtered air in your facility.
Consult with the appropriate local
authorities to ensure compliance with all
codes regarding recirculating filtered air.
Inspection on Arrival
1. Inspect unit on delivery.
2. Report any damage to the delivery carrier.
3. Request a written inspection report from the
Claims Inspector to substantiate claim.
4. File claims with the delivery carrier.
5. Compare unit received with description of
product ordered.
6. Report incomplete shipments to the delivery
carrier and your Donaldson representative.
7. Remove crates and shipping straps. Remove
loose components and accessory packages
before lifting unit from truck.
Installation Codes and Procedures
Installation
Site Selection, Grade-Mounted Units
1. The unit can be located on a reinforced concrete
foundation.
2. Provide clearance from heat sources and
interference with utilities when selecting the
location.
3. Prepare the foundation in the selected location.
Install anchor bolts to extend a minimum of 1
1/2-inches above foundation unless otherwise
indicated on the Specification Control drawing.
4. Locate the collector to ensure the shortest and
straightest inlet- and outlet-duct length, easy
access to electrical connections, and routine
maintenance.
1. Safe and efficient operation of the unit depends
on proper installation.
2. Authorities with jurisdiction should be
consulted before installing to verify local codes
and installation procedures. In the absence of
such codes, install unit according to the
National Electric Code, NFPA No. 70-latest
edition.
3. A qualified installation and service agent must
complete installation and service of this
equipment.
4. All shipping materials, including shipping
covers, must be removed from the unit prior to,
or during unit installation.
Note: Failure to remove shipping materials
from the unit will compromise unit
performance.
CAUTION!
Ensure weight of oil-laden unit plus weight
of required materials and equipment will
be adequately supported. Failure to
comply may result in personal injury
and/or property damage.

WSO 10, 15, and 20
7
CAUTION!
• Combustible materials such as buffing lint, paper, wood, aluminum or steel dust, weld fume,
or flammable solvents represent fire or explosion hazards.
• Use special care when selecting and operating all collection equipment when combustible
materials are present to protect workers and property from damage due to fire and/or
explosion.
• Consult and comply with all national and local codes relating to fire or explosion, and all
other appropriate codes when determining the location and operation of mist collection
equipment.
• Donaldson equipment is not equipped with fire extinguishing or explosion protection systems.
Site Selection, Ceiling-Mounted Units:
1. The unit can be suspended or hung from
overhead supports. The supports must be
adequate to carry the live load of the unit and
installation performed to reduce sway or
vibration to the unit. The dry unit weight is
shown on the specification control drawing
shipped with the unit.
2. The live load will include the weight of all
ancillary hardware attached to the mist
collector, as well as the weight of the mist-
laden, wet filters. Consult the coolant MSDS for
the specific gravity of the coolant to estimate
the weight of the mist-laden, wet filters.
3. Provide clearance from heat sources and
interference with utilities when selecting the
location for suspended units.
CAUTION!
Ensure weight of oil-laden unit plus weight
of required materials and equipment will
be adequately supported. Failure to
comply may result in personal injury
and/or property damage.
Unit Location
1. When hazardous conditions or materials are
present, consult with local authorities for the
proper location of the collector.
2. Foundation or overhead support must be sized
to accommodate the entire weight of the unit,
plus the weight of the collected material, piping,
and ductwork.
CAUTION!
Ensure weight of oil-laden unit plus weight
of required materials and equipment will
be adequately supported. Failure to
comply may result in personal injury
and/or property damage.
CAUTION!
Donaldson equipment is not designed to
support site-installed ducts,
interconnecting piping, or electrical
services. All ducts, piping, or electrical
services supplied by others must be
adequately supported to prevent severe
personal injury and/or property damage.

Donaldson Company, Inc.
8
CAUTION!
• Failure to lift the collector correctly
can result in severe personal injury
and/or property damage.
• Use appropriate lifting equipment
and adopt all safety precautions
needed for moving and handling the
equipment.
• A crane or forklift is recommended
for unloading, assembly, and
installation of the collector.
• Location must be clear of all
obstructions, such as utility lines or
roof overhang.
Electrical Wiring
CAUTION!
• Electrical installation must be
performed by a qualified electrician
and comply with all applicable
national and local codes.
• Lock out electrical power sources
before performing service or
maintenance work.
• Do not install in classified hazardous
atmospheres without an enclosure
rated for the application.
The only component requiring electrical power is
the blower motor.
1. All electrical wiring and connections, including
electrical grounding, should be made in
accordance with the National Electric Code,
NFPA No. 70-latest edition.
2. Check local ordinances for additional
requirements that apply.
3. The appropriate wiring schematic and electrical
rating must be used. See unit’s rating plate for
required voltage.
4. An electric disconnect switch having adequate
amp capacity should be installed in accordance
with Part IX, Article 430 of the National
Electrical Code, NFPA No. 70-latest edition.
Check unit’s rating plate for voltage and
amperage ratings.
5. Refer to the wiring diagram for the number of
wires required for main power wiring and
remote wiring.
Rigging Instructions
Suggested Tools & Equipment
Crane or Forklift Pipe Wrenches
Slings, Spreader Bars, Socket Wrenches
and Clevis Pins End Wrenches
Drift Pins Large Crescent Wrench
Clamps Drill and Drill Bits
Screwdrivers Pipe Sealant
Hoisting Information
1. Use all lifting points provided.
2. Use clevis connectors, not hooks, on lifting
slings.
3. Use spreader bars to prevent damage to units’
casing. Refer to the Spreader Bar Lifting Detail
in the WSO 20 Floor Mount Stand Installation
Section.
4. Check the Specification Control drawing for
weight and dimensions of the unit,
subassemblies, and components to ensure
adequate crane capacity.
5. Allow only qualified crane operators to lift the
equipment.
6. Refer to applicable OSHA regulations and local
codes when using cranes, forklifts, and other
lifting equipment.
7. Lift unit and accessories separately, and
assemble after unit is in place.

WSO 10, 15, and 20
9
This Page Intentionally Left Blank

Donaldson Company, Inc.
10
Standard Equipment
General Installation
1. Apply a generous amount of sealant when
installing attachments.
2. Position the collector above the mist-capture
zone. See Collector Positioning.
3. Do not allow a fluid trap to form when using
flexible duct. See Flex-Duct Positioning.
4. On enclosed-machine installations, mount the
unit as far from the mist throw zone as possible
and away from the primary access door to
maximize filter life and provide effective mist
containment. See Enclosed-Machine Installation
illustration.
5. On open-machine installations, position the
unit's pick-up hood a minimum of 12-in from
the mist source. Avoid mounting the pick-up
hood too close to the mist source of an open
machine such as a wet surface grinder. Installing
too close can shorten filter life as the unit will
collect large droplets and particulate instead of
mist. See Open Machine Installation.
machine
center
Correct
Incorrect
machine
center
fluid trap
Flex-Duct Positioning, WSO 15 shown
machine
center
Correct Incorrect
machine
center
Collector Positioning, WSO 15 shown

WSO 10, 15, and 20
11
Correct Location
Incorrect Location
large droplets
and particulate
enter pick-up
hood
Note: WSO collector not shown.
Collector is in a remote location
and connected with ducting.
Enclosed Machine Installation, WSO 15 shown
Open Machine Installation

Donaldson Company, Inc.
12
Flush Mount Installation
The flush mount option is for installing a collector
on a machine center that has a large flat
unobstructed top surface.
1. Open the units access door and remove the
primary and first stage filters.
2. Remove the filter retention system.
3. Layout and drill bolt hole pattern into the top
of machine center (refer to Specification Control
drawing for bolt size and pattern).
Note: Alternative option is to trace bolt hole
pattern directly onto machine center.
4. Cut opening into machine center and drill
mounting holes.
5. Apply generous amounts of sealant to the
outside perimeter of the bolt pattern on the
machine center.
6. Carefully lift unit into position over the
machine center and lower into position.
7. Install and tighten fasteners into every hole.
8. Install filter retention system and filters.
sealant
bolt
Flush Mount Installation, WSO 15 shown
Flanged Inlet Hopper Installation
This flanged inlet hopper option is for installing a
collector on a machine center that has a limited
amount of unobstructed top surface.
1. Open the units access door and remove the
primary and first stage filters.
2. Remove the filter retention system.
3. Carefully lift unit into position over the
machine center and lower into position.
4. Trace bolt pattern onto the machine center or
match drill pattern.
5. Cut opening into machine center and drill
mounting holes.
6. Move the unit aside and apply generous
amounts of sealant to the outside perimeter of
the bolt pattern on the machine center.
7. Carefully position unit over the bolt pattern and
lower into position.
8. Install and tighten fasteners into every hole.
9. Install filter retention system and filters.
bolt
washer
sealant
Flanged Inlet Hopper Installation, WSO 15 shown

WSO 10, 15, and 20
13
Ceiling Mount Installation
1. Verify that the ceiling attachment points can
bear the live load.
2. Use properly sized cable or chain to attach to
each of the four eyebolts to suspend the unit
from the ceiling.
3. To prevent sway, position the chain or cable to
form a 60 degree angle to the top of the unit
and a 45 degree angle along the sides.
CAUTION!
• Failure to lift the collector correctly
can result in severe personal injury
and/or property damage.
• Use appropriate lifting equipment
and adopt all safety precautions
needed for moving and handling the
equipment.
• A crane or forklift is recommended
for unloading, assembly, and
installation of the collector.
• Location must be clear of all
obstructions, such as utility lines or
roof overhang.
CAUTION!
Ensure weight of oil-laden unit plus weight
of required materials and equipment will
be adequately supported. Failure to
comply may result in personal injury
and/or property damage.
Top View
45°
Front View
60°
Isometric View
customer-supplied
chain or cable
eye bolt
Ceiling Mount Installation, WSO 15 shown

Donaldson Company, Inc.
14
Machine Center Mount with Vertical inlet Hopper
and Vibration Isolators Installation
Vertical inlet hopper and vibration isolators are for
installing a collector on a machine center that is
sensitive to vibration.
1. Carefully lift unit into position over the
machine center and lower into position.
2. Trace bolt hole pattern for vibration isolators
on the base of legs to the machine.
3. Drill four 1/2-in holes into the machine center
for installing the vibration isolators.
4. Fasten the isolators to machine center.
5. Carefully position unit over the isolators and
lower into position.
6. Install and tighten fasteners. Vibration isolator
needs to be torqued to 12.0 ft-lbs.
7. Connect the flexible duct using the hose clamps
to the collector and the machine center collar.
See Inlet Hopper with Flex-Duct Installation
section.
Note: If machine center has no inlet collar,
order part from Donaldson Parts Express
Line (1-800-365-1331).
8. Install P-trap or 1 1/2-in NPT plug. If a plug is
used, a shallow pool of coolant will be present
at the bottom of the hopper before it drains
down the inlet duct.
sealant
vertical inlet hopper
hose clamp
flex-duct
hose clamp
leg
vibration
isolator
WSO unit
P-trap drain
inlet collar
Internal Hopper
View
Inlet Hopper with Vibration Isolators Installation, WSO 15 shown

WSO 10, 15, and 20
15
This Page Intentionally Left Blank

Donaldson Company, Inc.
16
WSO 10, 15 Collector Stand Installation
For applications with limited mounting surfaces, an
adjustable stand is available for the WSO 10 and
15. The stand height may be adjusted up to a
maximum of 117-in from the top of the collector to
the bottom of the stand.
Stand Base Installation, WSO 15 shown
CAUTION!
Donaldson equipment is not designed to
support site-installed ducts,
interconnecting piping, or electrical
services. All ducts, piping, or electrical
services supplied by others must be
adequately supported to prevent severe
personal injury and/or property damage.
CAUTION!
If collector drainage is not properly
maintained, the collector may collapse on
stand and cause severe personal injury
and/or property damage. Maintain proper
collector drainage.
1. Install customer-supplied anchor bolts (Hilti
Kwik Bolt 3 [KB3] 3/8-in diameter x 1.63-in
embedment in uncracked 2,500 psi concrete or
equivalent) in the floor extending 1 ½ inches
above surface. Use anchor bolt pattern from the
stand specification drawing or see anchor bolt
pattern on stand base.
2. Install stand base, level, and securely tighten
anchor bolts. See Stand Base Installation below.
3. Orient the front of the mist collector to face the
forklift. Adjust the forks of the forklift to lift
collector on the cabinet and inlet flange. Secure
unit to the forklift. See Collector on Forklift
detail.
4. Remove the center two inlet hopper bolts from
the back of the unit and install the formed angle
stabilizing bracket using the bolts and washers
removed from the inlet hopper. See Detail A.
5. Remove the two eyebolts on the back of the
collector and attach the upper stand bracket of
the stand to the collector using the provided
8mm bolts and washers. See Detail B.
6. Using the provided hardware 3 1/4-in x 3/8-in
bolts and mounting plate, secure the bottom of
the collector to the stand. See Detail A.
7. Securely fasten all hardware. See Details A and
B.
8. Lift collector and top portion of the stand over
previously installed stand base and lower to the
desired height. See Upper and Lower Stand
Installation detail and Stand Height Adjustment
detail.
9. Securely fasten the clamping hardware for
added safety. See Detail D.
10. Permanently secure the stand height by drilling
a 3/8-in hole through the upper and lower tubes
and securing with a ½-in nut and bolt. See
Detail C.
stand base
anchor bolt
foundation
lower stand

WSO 10, 15, and 20
17
Collector Stand Installation, WSO 15 shown
bolt
washer
eyebolt
upper
stand
stabilizing
bracket
bolt
washer
nut
washer
washer
existing
hardware
Detail A:
Stabilizing Bracket
Installation
mounting
plate
Detail B:
Upper Stand
Bracket Installation
See Detail B
See Detail A
Collector on Forklift
117-in
maximum
Stand Height Adjustment
Detail D:
Stand Hardware
Installation
flat washer
lock washer
hex nut
locking bolt
See Detail D
Upper and Lower Stand Installation
lower
stand
upper
stand
nut bolt
Detail C: Stand Lock Hardware
Installation
See Detail C

Donaldson Company, Inc.
18
CAUTION!
The collector has a high center-of-gravity
and may overturn if not secured
properly.
• Secure the collector to the lifting
device.
• Use care when moving the unit.
Floor Mount Stand Installation, WSO 20 shown
CAUTION!
The collector has a high center-of-gravity
and may overturn if not secured properly.
Secure the collector properly.
filter
cabinet
inlet
hopper
eye bolt
foundation
anchor bolt
leg
Spreader Bar
Lifting Detail
angle not to exceed
30° from vertical
(minimum 60°
from horizontal)
Eyebolt Lifting Angle
clevis pin
eyebolt
spreader
bar
WSO 20 Floor Mount Stand Installation
1. Prepare the foundation in the selected location.
Install customer-supplied anchor bolts to extend
a minimum of 1 1/2-in above foundation.
Anchor bolt pattern and recommended anchor
bolt specifications are shown on the
specification control drawing.
2. Using a crane or forklift, raise the WSO 20
collector and lower into position onto anchor
bolts. Level unit and secure all hardware.
Note: When using a crane, use clevis pins and a
sling attached to four eyebolts.
3. Remove crane or forklift.

WSO 10, 15, and 20
19
Inlet Hopper with Flex-Duct Installation
This option is available for ceiling mounted units or
units on stands. Included components are a 6-in
integrated collar on the inlet hopper, 10-ft flexible
duct, and two 6-in hose clamps.
1. Slip flex-duct over inlet collar on collector and
install hose clamp over flex-hose and collar and
securely fasten.
2. Trim flex-duct to the desired length and fasten
to machine center or inlet hood with remaining
hose clamp.
Note: Do not allow flexible duct to create a
fluid trap. See Flex-Duct Positioning
illustration in General Installation
section.
3. Install drain / P-trap. See P-Trap Installation
section.
sealant
inlet hopper
hose clamp
flex-duct
hose clamp
filter cabinet
P-trap drain
Inlet Hopper with Flex-Duct, WSO 15 shown
sealant
side inlet
hopper hose
clamp
flex-
duct
filter
cabinet
hose
clamp
P-trap
drain
Side Inlet Hopper with Flex-Duct, WSO 15 shown

Donaldson Company, Inc.
20
hopper
fluid
head
union
pipe plug
NPT pipe
P-Trap Installation
CAUTION!
Ensure collected material properly flows
through the P-trap. Improperly operating
P-trap may result in propery damage.
P-Trap Installation
Note: Ensure P-trap is designed with sufficient
fluid head to overcome blower static
capabilities. An incorrectly sized P-trap
will result in coolant pooling within the
inlet plenum.
1. Install the P-trap as shown in P-Trap
Installation.
2. Position the P-trap outlet to the proper location
and tighten the union.
3. Plumb the P-trap to a receptacle or install a
return line back to the machine center.
4. Fill P-trap before starting unit.
Note: The characteristics of some machining
fluids change with time, use, and
exposure to air. Check the condition of
the collected fluid before re-using.