Dräger Vapor 2000 Guide

Dräger-Vapor® 2000
Technical
Documentation

Copyright by Dräger Medical AG & Co. KGaA, Lübeck, Federal Republic of Germany
Copying is prohibited for commercial purposes.
No replacement in event of modification.
Attention is to be paid to the Operating Manual.
This technical documentation does not replace the Operating Manual.
The warranty and liability conditions of the general terms and conditions for business transac-
tions of DrägerMedical AG & Co. KGaA are not extended by this technical documentation.
Safety Regulations:
Reference is hereby made to the observance of the relevant safety provisions, such as the
Medical Equipment Ordinance (Medizingeräteverordnung), the Pressure Container Ordi-
nance (Druckbehälterverordnung), the Technical Rules for Pressurised Gases (Technische
Regeln Druckgase) or the Occupational ealth and Safety Provisions (Unfallverhütungsvor-
schriften).
Insofar as reference is made to laws, regulations or standards, these are based on the legal
system of the Federal Republic of Germany.
Follow your local laws and regulations.

For internal use only. Copyright reserved.
Contents
GBK5327400IECIVZ.fm
5327.400 Vapor 2000 11/99 Contents Page I
General
1Symbols and Definitions 5
Function Description
1Handwheel settings 6
1.1 andwheel set to “0” (off) .............................................................................................6
1.2 andwheel set to “T” (Transport) .................................................................................7
1.3 andwheel set to “ON” or higher ................................................................................8
2Calibration
3Dependencies of the Vapor 2000 10
3.1 Dependency on temperature ..................................................................................... 10
3.2 Dependency on flow rate .............................................................................................12
3.3 Dependency on gas composition ..............................................................................14
3.4 Dependency on air pressure ...................................................................................... 15
3.5 Dependency of positive/negative pressure on ambient pressure and
backpressure ................................................................................................................. 16
3.6 Dependency on alternating pressure during ventilation .......................................17
3.7 Dependency on time in use ........................................................................................ 18
4Differences between Vapor 1 .n and Vapor 2000 20

For internal use only. Copyright reserved.
Contents
GBK5327400IECIVZ.fm
5327.400 Vapor 2000 11/99 Contents Page II
Test list
1Test list equipment 22
2General 23
3Anaesthetic 23
3.1 Test anaesthetic for extraneous liquids .................................................................. 23
3.2 Test anaesthetic properties ........................................................................................ 23
4Housing, labels and functions 24
4.1 Test housing and labels .............................................................................................. 24
4.2 Test distinguishing features of anaesthetic ............................................................ 24
4.3 Test handwheel ............................................................................................................. 25
4.4 Test keyed filling system .............................................................................................. 25
4.5 Test “Quick Fil” filling system .................................................................................... 25
4.6 Test funnel filling system ............................................................................................. 25
4.7 Test keyed filler adapter .............................................................................................. 26
5Plug-in adapter 27
5.1 Plug-in adapter DW-2000 (white version) ............................................................... 27
5.2 Plug-in adapter S-2000
(Selectatec, white version) ......................................................................................... 28
6Interlock system 2
6.1 Test interlock system 1 for built-on vaporizers ....................................................... 29
6.2 Test interlock system 2 for plug-in vaporizers ........................................................ 29

For internal use only. Copyright reserved.
Contents
GBK5327400IECIVZ.fm
5327.400 Vapor 2000 11/99 Contents Page III
7Test ISO connector for vaporizers 30
8Leak test 30
8.1 Test vaporizer on associated anaesthetic machine ............................................... 30
Check concentration 31
9.1 Prepare concentration measurement .......................................................................31
9.2 Settings for concentration measurement .................................................................31
10 Vaporizer connecting tubes 33
10.1 Sealing rings ..................................................................................................................33
Fault — Cause — Remedy
1Fault-Cause-Remedy 34
Changes
1Type of Changes 42
Appendix
1Spare parts list 43

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General
This Service Manual conforms to the International Standard IEC 60601-1.
Read each step in every procedure thoroughly before beginning any test. Always use the
proper tools and specified test equipment. If you deviate from the instructions and/or
recommendations in this Service Manual, the equipment may operate improperly or unsafely,
or the equipment could be damaged.
Use only original Dräger parts and supplies.
The maintenance procedures described in this Service Manual may be performed by
qualified service personnel only. These maintenance procedures do not replace inspections
and servicing by Dräger Medical AG & Co. KGaA.
Strictly follow the Instructions for Use.
This Service Manual does not replace the Instructions for Use. Any use
of the product requires full understanding and strict observation of the
product-specific Instructions for Use.
Unless otherwise stated, reference is made to laws, regulations or
standards (as amended) applicable in the Federal Republic of Germany.

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1 Symbols and Definitions
−A dash (−) is used to identify items on a list.
−A bullet (•) is used to identify a sentence that contains direct work instructions.
This symbol is used to provide important information that, if ignored, could
lead directly to a patient’s or operator’s injury. It is also used to provide
important information that, if ignored, could lead directly to equipment
damage and, indirectly, to a patient’s injury.
This symbol is used to provide additional information, operating tips, or
maintenance suggestions.
Definitions according to German standard DIN 31051:
Inspection = examination of actual condition
Servicing = measures to maintain specified condition
Repair = measures to restore specified condition
Maintenance = inspection, servicing, and repair

5327.400 Vapor 2000 05/99 Function Description Page 2
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Function Description
1Handwheel settings
1.1 Handwheel set to “0” (off)
The fresh gas (→) flows from the vaporizer inlet to the vaporizer chamber bypass and through
the vaporizer chamber bypass from the outside to the inside. In parallel, a portion of the fresh
gas flows by way of an additional bypass and the flow control cone to the vaporizer outlet.
The vaporizer chamber is completely isolated from the gas flow by the valve (switching state a
and b). No anaesthetic can enter the flow control valves or the fresh gas.
A small hole in the valve (switching state a) vents the vaporizer chamber to prevent pressure
from building up.
As a result of temperature and pressure fluctuations, diffusion and pressure compensation
may cause small amount of anaesthetic vapour to escape. Ducts and buffer volume delay this
process.
If the Vapor 2000 is positioned at a tilt, anaesthetic may leak out of the vaporizer chamber
through the vent hole.
Fig. 1: andwheel set to “0” (off)
Vaporizer inlet
Additional bypass
Vaporizer chamber bypass
Vaporizer outlet
Flow control cone
Vaporizer chamber
Valve (switching state a) Valve (switching state b)

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1.2 Handwheel set to “T” (Transport)
When the handwheel is turned to “T” no fresh gas flows through the valve (switching state c)
to the flow control cone. The vent hole in the valve (switching state a) is closed. No anaesthetic
vapour can escape. The Vapor 2000 is safe from leakage even when tilted, and so can be
transported in any desired position.
Closing off the vaporizer chamber may lead to slight positive or negative pressure in the
event of ambient temperature and pressure fluctuations. As the temperature rises and/or the
air pressure falls (e.g. during transportation in direct sunlight or at high altitudes), a higher
pressure may build up. This pressure is adjusted to the ambient pressure by setting the
handwheel to “0” or by opening the filling system. Small amounts of anaesthetic vapour may
escape in the process.
Fig. 2: andwheel set to “T” (Transport)
Flow control cone
Valve (switching state a)
Valve (switching state c)
Vaporizer chamber

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1.3 Handwheel set to “ON” or higher
Between “0” and “ON” no concentration is defined in this range.
If the handwheel is turned to “ON” the fresh gas flows through the valve coupled to the
handwheel (switching states a and b) in the vaporizer chamber. The valve (switching state c)
closes the additional bypass.
Part of the fresh gas flows through the wick and is enriched with anaesthetic vapour (→).
The other part of the fresh gas bypasses the vaporizer chamber through the vaporizer
chamber bypass.
The two part-flows are combined downstream of the flow control slots and fed to the outlet.
The concentration is produced by the split of the gas and the saturation concentration of the
anaesthetic. The split is also influenced by the temperature compensation (thermal expansion
of different materials). When the temperature compensator heats up it opens the vaporizer
chamber bypass. When the temperature compensator cools down it narrows the vaporizer
chamber bypass. This compensates for the influence of temperature on the saturation
concentration.
The pressure compensation effectively reduces the pumping effect (see “Dependency on
alternating pressure during ventilation” on page 13).
Fig. 3: andwheel set to “ON” or higher
Flow control cone
Valve (switching state a)
Valve (switching state c) andwheel
Valve (switching state b)
Additional bypass
Vaporizer chamber bypass
Vaporizer outlet
Vaporizer chamber
Wick
Temperature compensator
Pressure compensator

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2Calibration
Each Vapor 2000 is individually calibrated to 22 °C and with continuous air flow (2.5 L/min)
with no ventilation pressure. At 22 °C and at 30 °C with 2.5 L/min air and 8 L/min each
Vapor 2000 is tested.
The calibration is carried out in percentage partial pressure (% of 1013 hPa), as the
anaesthesia depth is determined by the partial pressure and the uptake by the patient
dependent upon it.
At normal pressure (1013 hPa), concentrations in percentage partial pressure are identical to
the percent by volume figures. That is what the “vol.%” figure on the Vapor 2000 relates to.
If the air pressure values change, the percent by volume (vol.%) also changes
(see “Dependency on air pressure” on page 11). The partial pressure remains constant
(refer also to “Dependency on gas composition” on page 10).
Settings on the Vapor 2000 and in the Function Description are abbreviated as vol.%. They
refer to percent by volume at 1013 hPa and to percentage partial pressure respectively.
The scale values on the handwheel indicate the concentration of the gases at 22 °C with dry
air (see technical specifications of the machine in the Instructions for Use).

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3 Dependencies of the Vapor 2000
3.1 Dependency on temperature
The Vapor 2000 is temperature-compensated. As the temperature rises the saturation
concentration of the anaesthetic is automatically compensated by routing a large portion
of the gas flow through the vaporizer chamber bypass.
The linear expansion of the temperature compensator produces flow changes at the
vaporizer chamber bypass. The linear expansion does not correspond precisely to the
curvature of the vapour pressure curve over the entire temperature range. Consequently,
a slight dependency of the concentration delivered on the temperature remains.
The diagrams show the typical dependency in operation with air (2.5 L/min). At temperatures
outside this range the deviations increase in spite of compensation.
As the altitude increases the boiling point of the anaesthetic decreases:
Table 1: Boiling point of anaesthetic
Boiling point of anaesthetic in °C
Air pressure (hPa)/
Altitude (m)
1013 hPa/
0m
900 hPa/
1000 m
800 hPa/
2000 m
700 hPa/
3000 m
alothane 50.2 46.8 43.41
1. Impermissible operating ranges
39.81
Enflurane 56.5 53.4 50.3 46.8
Isoflurane 48.5 45.4 42.2138.91
Sevoflurane 58.6 53.4 52.1 48.7

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The diagrams show the typical dependency in operation with 2.5 L/min air.
Fig. 4: Dependency on temperature in operation with 2.5 L/min Air
alothane
Enflurane
Isoflurane
Sevoflurane
Delivered
concentration
[Vol.%]
Delivered
concentration
[Vol.%]
D
e
li
vere
d
concentration
[Vol.%]
Delivered
concentration
[vol.%]
Pre-set
concentration
[vol.%]
Temperature [vol.%]
Temperature [vol.%]
Temperature [vol.%]
Temperature [vol.%]
Pre-set
concentration
[vol.%]
Pre-set
concentration
[vol.%]
Pre-set
concentration
[vol.%]

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The operating range of the Vapor 2000 on Dräger anaesthetic machines is adjusted so that,
under super-critical conditions of 700 hPa, 40 °C (or 850 hPa at 35 to 40 °C) and maximum
negative pressure of –100 mbar on the Vapor 2000, the boiling point of the anaesthetic is
not reached.
The temperature compensation is free of ageing and hysteresis effects. The large vaporizer
mass additionally compensates for temperature differences. Temperature differences
between the Vapor 2000 and its surroundings are equalised within the operating range.
If the ambient temperature of the Vapor 2000 is outside a range of 10 to 40 °C prior to use,
a temperature equalisation time of 15 min/°C must be allowed in order to maintain the
concentration within the specified accuracy.
In operation with high fresh-gas flow and high concentrations, the Vapor 2000 cools down as
a result of vaporization (see “Dependency on time in use” on page 14).
3.2 Dependency on flow rate
The delivered concentration of the Vapor 2000 in the specified flow range is to a minor
degree dependent on the fresh-gas flow.
If high concentrations are set and in the presence of a high fresh-gas flow as a result of
increasing pressure, a minor reduction of the pre-set concentration in the Vapor 2000
occurs. As a result the cooling during vaporization of the anaesthetic is no longer fully
compensated (see “Dependency on time in use” on page 14).

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The diagrams show the typical dependency of the delivered concentration in operation with
air (at 22 °C, 1013 hPa after 1 minute).
Fig. 5: Dependency on flow rate
alothane
Enflurane
Isoflurane
Sevoflurane
Delivered
concentration
[vol.%]
Delivered
concentration
[vol.%]
Delivered
concentration
[vol.%]
Delivered
concentration
[vol.%]
Pre-set
concentration
[vol.%]
Fresh-gas flow [L/min]
Fresh-gas flow [L/min]
Fresh-gas flow [L/min]
Fresh-gas flow [L/min]
Pre-set
concentration
[vol.%]
Pre-set
concentration
[vol.%]
Pre-set
concentration
[vol.%]

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3.3 Dependency on gas composition
The concentration delivered by the Vapor 2000 is dependent on the composition of the fresh
gas. The viscosity and density of the gas changes with the type and composition of the fresh
gas. The Vapor 2000 is calibrated with air, because the delivered concentration is then just in
the middle of the range of common anaesthetic gas mixtures.
In operation with pure oxygen (100% O2), the delivered concentration rises relative to air by a
maximum of 10% (but by max. 0.4 vol.%). In operation with 30% O2 and 70% N2O, the
delivered concentration decreases relatively by a maximum of 10% (but by max. 0.4 vol.%).
The effects of the gas composition are rather different for the various anaesthetic agents, and
consequently the maximum effects are given here.
When gas mixtures change a dynamic effect may also occur. Until the previous fresh gas is
flushed out of the vaporizer chamber an additional deviation in concentration may occur.
These deviations and their duration are all the greater:
−the less anaesthetic there is in the Vapor 2000
−the higher the pre-set concentration and
−the more extreme the change of gas type
−the lower the gas flow.
The degree of dynamic deviation increases as the gas flow increases, whereas its duration
decreases.
Dependency of delivered concentration on carrier gas at a setting of 1 vol.%.
Fig. 6: Dependency on gas composition
Gases which contain a higher level of humidity than specified in the technical specifications
of the device (see Instructions for Use) may influence the delivered concentration to a minor
degree.
0204060
0
0,5
1
1.5
vol.% at 1013 hPa
Setting on
handwheel
Gas change
Gas change
100% O2
30% O2
70% N2O
100% AIR
Minutes

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3.4 Dependency on air pressure
The anaesthetic partial pressure delivered by the Vapor 2000 (see “Calibration” on page 5)
is virtually independent of the air pressure. Weather-related fluctuations are therefore
negligible. Altitude-related pressure changes between 700 and 1100 hPa, too, result in
minor deviations within the specified accuracy range (see technical specifications in
Instructions for Use). Consequently the physiological effect – the anaesthesia depth –
of a specific vaporizer setting is also independent of the air pressure.
When measuring the delivered concentration of the Vapor 2000 in partial pressure
(e.g. Dräger-IRIS or PM 8030/8035), no dependency on the ambient pressure occurs.
owever, on measuring devices which give indications in percent by volume (e.g. Dräger-
PM 8020 or PM 8050) the measured values change with the air pressure. The measured
values increase when the air pressure falls below 1013 hPa.
Conversion formula:
Example:
At 4% partial pressure at an altitude of 1000 metres, 4.5 vol.% is displayed at 900 hPa (at
2000 metres 5.1 vol.% at 795 hPa).
Dependency of the boiling point of the anaesthetic on the air pressure (see “Boiling point of
anaesthetic” on page 6).
Concentration [% partial pressure] = -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Measured value [vol.%] . Air pressure [hPa]
1013 hPa

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3.5 Dependency of positive/negative pressure on ambient pressure
and backpressure
The operating range of the Vapor 2000 is limited between –100 and 200 hPa referred to the
ambient air pressure at the vaporizer outlet.
The pressure in the Vapor 2000 is somewhat higher than the ambient pressure, because the
fresh-gas flow at the flow control elements builds up backpressures of up to 150 mbar.
The Vapor 2000 cannot differentiate between a permanent backpressure and an ambient
pressure affected by altitude. Consequently, the influence on the delivered concentration
corresponds to the data quoted (see “Dependency on air pressure” on page 11).
With effective O2 flushing on Dräger anaesthetic machines, a negative pressure of up to
100 mbar is created at the vaporizer outlet. 100 mbar of negative pressure has the same
effect as a 1000 metre rise in altitude or a lowering of the boiling point by around 3.5 °C
(cf. “Dependency on temperature” on page 6).
To protect against excessive pressure (e.g. when the fresh gas hose is kinked), the
Vapor 2000 has a self-resetting pressure relief mechanism. At high pressures, fresh gas
is vented to atmosphere.

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3.6 Dependency on alternating pressure during ventilation
Alternating pressures to which an anaesthetic vaporizer is subject during ventilation without
fresh gas decoupling may cause a higher concentration to be delivered than is set on the
handwheel.
When the pressure increases the vapour in the vaporizer chamber is compressed. When the
pressure decreases the vapour expands again. If this pumping effect becomes strong
enough, it pumps small amounts of saturated vapour backwards through the inlet of the
vaporizer chamber into the fresh gas.
This pumping effect becomes all the more pronounced:
−the higher the ventilation pressure and frequency
−the faster the decrease in pressure during exhalation
−the lower the fresh-gas flow
−the lower the pre-set concentration
−the less anaesthetic there is in the vaporizer.
The compensation device of the Vapor 2000 effectively reduces these effects.
When used on anaesthetic machines without fresh gas decoupling and at ventilation
pressures higher than 30 mbar, with concentration settings < 1 vol.% and/or fresh-gas flow
< 1 L/min the Vapor 2000 should be fully filled, in order to minimise deviations resulting from
alternating pressure.

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3.7 Dependency on time in use
The vaporization of the anaesthetic during operation causes the Vapor 2000 to cool slowly.
The saturation concentration of the anaesthetic in the Vapor 2000 decreases more the
longer the machine is in operation, the higher the pre-set concentration and the higher the
selected fresh-gas flow – that is, the greater the vaporized quantity of anaesthetic per time
period.
The temperature compensation effectively counteracts this, and limits the deviations in the
delivered concentration. After a certain time in use the Vapor 2000 stabilizes to a somewhat
lower temperature and a concentration deviating slightly from the initial value.
The accuracy quoted in the technical specifications of the machine (see Instructions for Use)
is maintained as long as the vaporizer temperature does not decrease below the lower limit
of the operating range.
The diagrams show typical concentration characteristics over 4 and 6 hours time in use
respectively, measured at 22 °C and 1013 hPa.
The figures on the curves indicated the operating conditions applied:
1. 6/8 vol.%, at 1 L/min
2. 6/8 vol.%, at 4 L/min
3. 3/4 vol.%, at 4 L/min
4. 1 vol.%, at 10 L/min
5. 1 vol.%, at 4 L/min
Interruptions in the curves are operating breaks to top up anaesthetic.