Ebyte E44-TTL-100 User manual

SX1276 Wireless Module
E32(915T30S) Series
User Manual

SX1276 Wireless Module User Manual of E32(915T30S) Series Modules
Copyright ©2012–2017, Chengdu Ebyte Electronic Technology Co., Ltd. 2/ 14
This manual may be modified based on product upgrade, please refer to the latest version.
All rights to interpret and modify this manual belong to Chengdu Ebyte Electronic Technology Co., Ltd.
Version
Date
Description
Issued by
1.00
2018/1/15
Initial version
huaa
Brief Introduction
E32(915T30S) series wireless transceiver modules, operating at 903-927MHz (Default: 915MHz), are based on originally imported
RFIC SX1276 from SEMTECH, with transparent transmission available, TTL level, compatible with 3.3V. The modules adopt LoRa spread-
spectrum technology, which means the transmitting distance is much longer than before. The advantages of the modules are more
concentrated power density and better anti-interference performance. SX1276 is a meaningful milestone in low speed communication
which is favored by insiders. This series are applied in open and clear air, industrial and living areas with a few obstacles. 915M is a North
American frequency. Mass production has been conducted to export to North American countries.
Modules with transmitting power at 30dBm have PA and LNA to maintain the stability of communication and extend the distance of
communication. Modules with transmitting power at 20dBm apply industrial crystal oscillator to ensure the stability and consistency. The
accuracy is better than the most popular 10ppm. The series are widely applied in the following fields such as water, gas, electricity meters,
IoT reform and intelligent furniture. The module has the function of data encryption & compression. The data of the module transmitted
over the air feature randomness. With the rigorous encryption & decryption, data interception becomes pointless. The function of data
compression decreases the transmission time & probability of being interfered, while improving the reliability & transmission efficiency.
E32(915T30S) series strictly stick to the appearance design rules home and abroad like FCC, CE, CCC and meet the related RF
certifications and export standards.

SX1276 Wireless Module User Manual of E32(915T30S) Series Modules
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CONTENTS
1. Features ............................................................................................................................................................4
2. Function Description.......................................................................................................................................5
2.1 Fixed Transmission............................................................................................................................................................. 5
2.2 Broadcast Transmission...................................................................................................................................................... 5
2.3 Broadcast Address.............................................................................................................................................................. 5
2.4 Monitor Address.................................................................................................................................................................. 5
2.5 Reset.................................................................................................................................................................................. 6
2.6 AUX Description ................................................................................................................................................................. 6
2.6.1 Indication of UART Output ................................................................................................................................................ 6
2.6.2 Indication of Wireless Transmitting .................................................................................................................................. 6
2.6.3 Configuration Procedure of Module ................................................................................................................................ 6
2.6.4 Notes for AUX..................................................................................................................................................................... 7
3. Operating Mode ..............................................................................................................................................7
3.1 Mode Switch....................................................................................................................................................................... 7
3.2 Normal Mode (Mode 0) ....................................................................................................................................................... 8
3.3 Wake-up Mode (Mode 1)..................................................................................................................................................... 8
3.4 Power-saving Mode (Mode 2).............................................................................................................................................. 9
3.5 Sleep Mode (Mode 3).......................................................................................................................................................... 9
4. Instruction Format...........................................................................................................................................9
4.1 Default Parameter............................................................................................................................................................... 9
4.2 Reading Operating Parameters ......................................................................................................................................... 10
4.3 Reading Version Number .................................................................................................................................................. 10
4.4 Reset Instruction............................................................................................................................................................... 10
4.5 Parameter Setting Instruction ............................................................................................................................................ 10
5. Parameter Setting..........................................................................................................................................12
6. FAQ ..................................................................................................................................................................13
6.1 Communication range is too short ..................................................................................................................................... 13
6.2 Module is easy to damage................................................................................................................................................. 13
7. Important Notes............................................................................................................................................13
8. About Us.........................................................................................................................................................13

SX1276 Wireless Module User Manual of E32(915T30S) Series Modules
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1. Features
LoRa: LoRa spread-spectrum means the transmitting distance is much longer than before. Confidentiality is high and the
possibility of being intercepted is extremely low. LoRa features strong ability of anti-interference, strong inhibitory capacity for the
co-channel interference and all kinds of noises, and excellent performance of anti multipath fading.
Ultra-low power consumption: It supports WOR to reduce overall power consumption. In power-saving mode (Mode 2), it can
regulate overall power consumption by setting receiving response delay. The maximum receiving response delay can be configured
as 2000ms, and the average current is about 30uA.
Fixed transmission: Module can communicate with other modules which work in different channels and addresses. It makes
networking and repeater easy. For example: module A transmits AA BB CC to module B (address: 0x00 01, channel: 0x80). The HEX
format is 00 01 80 AA BB CC (00 01 refers to the address of module B, and 80 refers to the channel of module B). Then module B
receives AA BB CC (only module B).
Broadcast transmission: To set the module address as 0xFFFF, then the module can communicate with other modules in the
same channel.
FEC:Forward Error Correction has high coding efficiency & good correction performance. In case of sudden interference, it can
correct the interfered data packets proactively, so that the reliability & transmission range are improved correspondingly. Without
FEC, those data packets can only be dropped.
Sleep mode: When the module works in sleep mode (mode 3), it is available for configuration, not for transmitting & receiving.
The typical current is 6.0uA in this mode.
Watchdog: With a built-in watchdog, the module runs precise layout and time. Once an exception occurs, the module will restart
in 0.107 second, and continue to work according to the previous parameters.
Parameter saving: The parameters will be saved after setting and will not be reset when powered off. Once powered on, it will
work according to the previous parameters.
Application: 915M is a North American frequency. Compared with 2.4G, it is better in penetration and diffraction but with less
speed rate.

SX1276 Wireless Module User Manual of E32(915T30S) Series Modules
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2. Function Description
2.1 Fixed Transmission
2.2 Broadcast Transmission
2.3 Broadcast Address
For example: Set the address of module A as 0xFFFF or 0 x0000, and channel as 0x04;
When module is the transmitter (transparent transmission), all modules under channel 0x04 will receive the data, the purpose of
broadcast is realized.
2.4 Monitor Address
For example: Set the address of module A as 0xFFFF or 0x0000, and channel as 0x04;
When module A is the receiver, it can receive the data sent from all modules under channel 0x04. The purpose of monitor is realized.

SX1276 Wireless Module User Manual of E32(915T30S) Series Modules
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2.5 Reset
When the module is powered, AUX outputs low level immediately, conducts hardware self-check and sets the operating mode on the basis of the
user parameters. During the process, the AUX keeps low level. After the process completed, AUX outputs high level and starts to work as per the
operating mode combined by M1 and M0. Therefore, the user needs to wait the AUX rising edge as the starting point of module’s normal work.
2.6 AUX Description
AUX Pin can be used as indication for wireless send & receive buffer and self-check. It can indicate whether there are data that are not sent yet via
wireless way, or whether all wireless data has been sent through UART, or whether the module is still in the process of self-check initialization.
2.6.1 Indication of UART Output
To wake up external MCU:
2.6.2 Indication of Wireless Transmitting
Buffer (empty): the internal 512 bytes data in the buffer are written to the RFIC (Auto sub-packaging).
When AUX=1, the user can input data less than 512 bytes continuously without overflow. Buffer (not empty): when AUX=0, the
internal 512 bytes data in the buffer have not been written to the RFIC completely. If the user starts to transmit data at this
circumstance, it may cause overtime when the module is waiting for the user data, or transmitting wireless sub package.
Notes: When AUX = 1, it does not mean that all the UART data of the module have been transmitted already, perhaps the last packet
of data is still in transmission.
2.6.3 Configuration Procedure of Module
Only happened when power-on resetting or exiting sleep mode.

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2.6.4 Notes for AUX
For function 1 & function 2 mentioned above, the priority should be given to the one with low level output, which means if it meets
each of any low level output condition, AUX outputs low level, if none of the low level condition is met, AUX outputs high level.
When AUX outputs low level, it means the module is busy & cannot conduct operating mode checking. Within 1ms since AUX
outputs high level, the mode switch will be completed.
After switching to new operating mode, it will not work in the new mode immediately until AUX rising edge lasts for 2ms. If AUX
stays on the high level, the operating mode can be switched immediately.
When the user switches to other operating modes from mode 3 (sleep mode) or it’s still in reset process, the module will reset user
parameters. During it, AUX outputs low level.
3. Operating Mode
The table below shows the status of M1 & M0 and the corresponding modes: •
Mode（0-3）
M1
M0
Mode introduction
Remark
Mode 0
Normal
0
0
UART and wireless channel are open. Transparent transmission is on
The receiver must work in
mode 0 or mode 1
Mode 1
Wake-up
1
0
UART and wireless channel are open. The difference between
normal mode and wake-up mode is that it will add preamble code
automatically before data packet transmission so that it can awaken
the receiver works in mode 2
The receiver can work in
mode 0, mode 1 or mode 2
Mode 2
Power-saving
0
1
UART is disabled. Wireless module works at WOR mode (wake on
radio). It will open the UART and transmit data after receiving the
wireless data
1. The transmitter must
work in mode 1
2. Transmitting is not
allowed in this mode
Mode 3
Sleep
1
1
Parameter setting
More in working parameter
3.1 Mode Switch
The user can decide the operating mode by the combination of M1 and M0. The two GPIOs of MCU can be used to switch mode.
After modifying M1 or M0, it will start to work in new mode 1ms later if the module is free. If there are any serial data that are yet to
finish wireless transmitting, it will start to work in new mode after the UART transmitting finished. After the module receives the
wireless data & transmits the data through serial port, it will start to work in new mode after the transmitting finished. Therefore,

SX1276 Wireless Module User Manual of E32(915T30S) Series Modules
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the mode-switch is only valid when AUX outputs 1, otherwise it will delay.
For example, in mode 0 or mode 1, if the user inputs massive data consecutively and switches operating mode at the same time, the
mode-switch operation is invalid. New mode checking can only be started after all the user’s data process completed. It is
recommended to check AUX pin out status and wait 2ms after AUX outputs high level before switching the mode.
If the module switches from other modes to stand-by mode, it will work in stand-by mode only after all the remained data process
completed. The feature can be used to save power consumption. For example, when the transmitter works in mode 0, after the
external MCU transmits data “12345”, it can switch to sleep mode immediately without waiting the rising edge of the AUX pin, also
the user’s main MCU will go dormancy immediately. Then the module will transmit all the data through wireless transmission & go
dormancy 1ms later automatically, which reduces MCU working time & save power.
Likewise, this feature can be used in any mode-switch. The module will start to work in new mode within 1ms after completing
present mode task, which enables the user to omit the procedure of AUX inquiry and switch mode swiftly. For example, when
switching from transmitting mode to receiving mode, the user MCU can go dormancy before mode-switch, using external interrupt
function to get AUX change so that the mode-switch can be realized.
This operation is very flexible and efficient. It is totally designed on the basis of the user MCU’s convenience, at the same time the
work load and power consumption of the whole system has been reduced and the efficiency of whole system is largely improved.
3.2 Normal Mode (Mode 0)
When M1 = 0 & M0 = 0, module works in mode 0
Transmitting
The module can receive the user data via serial port, and transmit wireless data package of 58 bytes. When the data
inputted by user is up to 58 byte, the module will start wireless transmission. During which the user can input data
continuously for transmission.
When the required transmission bytes are less than 58 bytes, the module will wait 3-byte time and treat it as data
termination unless continuous data inputted by user. Then the module will transmit all the data through wireless
channel.
When the module receives the first data packet from user, the AUX outputs low level.
After all the data are transmitted into RF chip and transmission start , AUX outputs high level.
At this time, it means that the last wireless data package transmission is started, which enables the user to input another
512 bytes continuously. The data package transmitted from the module working in mode 0 can only be received by the
module working in mode 0 or 1.
Receiving
The wireless receiving function of the module is on, the data packet transmitted from the module working in mode 0 &
mode 1 can be received.
After the data packet is received, the AUX outputs low level, 5ms later the module starts to transmit wireless data
through serial port TXD pin.
After all the wireless data have been transmitted via serial port, the AUX outputs high level.
3.3 Wake-up Mode (Mode 1)
When M1 = 0 & M0 = 1, module works in mode 1
Transmitting
The condition of data packet transmission & AUX function is the same as mode 0. The only difference is that the
module will add preamble code before each data packet automatically. The preamble code length depends on the
wake-up time set in the user parameters. The purpose of the preamble code is waking up the receiving module works in
mode 2. Therefore, the data package transmitted from mode 1 can be received by mode 0, mode1 and mode 2.
Receiving
The same as that in mode 0.

SX1276 Wireless Module User Manual of E32(915T30S) Series Modules
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3.4 Power-saving Mode (Mode 2)
When M1 = 1 & M0 = 0, module works in mode 2
Transmitting
UART is closed, the module cannot receive any serial port data from outside MCU.
Hence the function of wireless transmission is not available for the module working in this mode.
Receiving
In mode 2, it is required the data transmitter works in mode 1.
The wireless module monitors the preamble code at regular time.
Once it gets the preamble code, it will remain as receiving status and waiting for the completion of receiving the entire
valid data package.
Then the AUX outputs low level, 5ms later the serial port is open to transmit received wireless data through TXD. Finally,
AUX outputs high level after process completed.
The wireless module stays in “power-saving –monitoring” working status (polling).
By setting different wake-up time, the module will have different receiving response delay (2s in maximum) and average
power consumption (30uA in minimum).
The user needs to achieve a balance between communication delay time & average power consumption.
3.5 Sleep Mode (Mode 3)
When M1=1, M0=1, module works in mode 3
Transmitting
N/A
Receiving
N/A
Parameter
setting
This mode can be used for parameter setting. It uses serial port 9600 & 8N1 to set module working parameters through
specific instruction format. (please refer to parameters setting for details)
Notes
When the mode changes from sleep mode to others, the module will reset its parameters, during which the AUX keeps low
level and then outputs high level after reset completed. User is recommended to check the AUX rising edge.
4. Instruction Format
In sleep mode（mode 3：M1=1, M0=1）, it supports instructions in the table below.
(Only support 9600 and 8N1 format when setting)
No.
Instruction format
Illustration
1
C0 + working parameters
C0 + 5 bytes working parameters are sent in hexadecimal format. 6 bytes in total and must
be sent in succession.
( Save the parameters when power-down )
2
C1+C1+C1
Three C1 are sent in hexadecimal format. The module returns the saved parameters and
must be sent in succession.
3
C2 + working parameters
C2 + 5 bytes working parameters are sent in hexadecimal format. 6 bytes in total and must
be sent in succession. ( Do not save the parameters when power-down )
4
C3+C3+C3
Three C3 are sent in hexadecimal format. The module returns the version information and
they must be sent in succession.
5
C4+C4+C4
Three C4 are sent in hexadecimal format. The module will reset one time and they must be
sent in succession.
4.1 Default Parameter
Default parameter values：C0 00 00 1A 17 44
Model
Frequency
Address
Channel
Air data rate
Baud rate
Parity
Transmitting power
E44-TTL-100
915MHz
0x0000
0x0F
2.4kbps
9600
8N1
100mW

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Default parameter values：C0 00 00 1A 17 44
Model
Frequency
Address
Channel
Air data rate
Baud rate
Parity
Transmitting power
E32(915T30S)
915MHz
0x0000
0x0F
2.4kbps
9600
8N1
1W
4.2 Reading Operating Parameters
Instruction format
Description
C1+C1+C1
In sleep mode（M0=1，M1=1），
User gives the module instruction (HEX format): C1 C1 C1,
Module returns the present configuration parameters.
For example, C0 00 00 1A 17 44.
4.3 Reading Version Number
Instruction format
Description
C3+C3+C3
In sleep mode（M0=1，M1=1）,
User gives the module instruction (HEX format): C3 C3 C3,
Module returns its present version number, for example C3 44 xx yy.
44 here means the module model (E44 series); xx is the version number and yy refers to the other module
features.
4.4 Reset Instruction
Instruction format
Description
C4+C4+C4
In sleep mode（M0=1，M1=1）,
User gives the module instruction (HEX format): C4 C4 C4, the module resets for one time. During the reset
process, the module will conduct self-check, AUX outputs low level. After reset completing, the AUX outputs
high level, then the module starts to work regularly which the working mode can be switched or be given
another instruction.
4.5 Parameter Setting Instruction
No.
Item
Description
Remark
0
HEAD
Fix 0xC0 or 0xC2, it means this frame data is control command
Must be 0xC0 or 0xC2
C0: Save the parameters when power-down
C2: Do not save the parameters when
power-down
1
ADDH
High address byte of module
（the default 00H）
00H-FFH
2
ADDL
Low address byte of module
（the default 00H）
00H-FFH
3
SPED
7
6
UART parity bit
UART mode can be different between
communication parties
0
0
8N1（default ）
0
1
8O1
1
0
8E1
1
1
8N1（equal to 00）
5
4
3
TTL UART baud rate（bps）
UART baud rate can be different between
communication parties
The UART baud rate has nothing to do
with wireless transmission parameters &
won’t affect the wireless transmit /
receive features.
0
0
0
1200bps
0
0
1
2400bps
0
1
0
4800bps
0
1
1
9600bps（default）
1
0
0
19200bps
1
0
1
38400bps

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1
1
0
57600bps
1
1
1
115200bps
2
1
0
Air data rate（bps）
The lower the air data rate, the longer the
transmitting distance, better
anti-interference performance and longer
transmitting time
The air data rate must keep the same for
both communication parties.
0
0
0
0.3kbps
0
0
1
1.2kbps
0
1
0
2.4kbps（Default）
0
1
1
4.8kbps
1
0
0
9.6kbps
1
0
1
19.2kbps
1
1
0
19.2kbps（equal to 101）
1
1
1
19.2kbps（equal to 101）
4
CHAN
7
6
5
N/A
0
Communication channel
00H-1FH，for 900 ~ 931MHz
4-0：Communication channel, default 06H（915MHz）
5
OPTION
7
Fixed transmission（similar to MODBUS）
In fixed transmission mode, the first
three bytes of each user's data frame can
be used as high/low address and
channel. The module changes its address
and channel when transmit. And it will
revert to original setting after complete
the process.
0
Transparent transmission mode（default）
1
Fixed transmission mode
6
IO drive mode(the default 1)
This bit is used to the module internal
pull-up resistor. It also increases the
level’s adaptability in case of open
drain. But in some cases, it may need
external pull-up resistor.
1
TXD and AUX push-pull outputs, RXD pull-up inputs
0
TXD、AUX open-collector outputs, RXD open-collector inputs
5
4
3
wireless wake-up time
The transmit & receive module work in
mode 0, whose delay time is invalid & can
be arbitrary value.
The transmitter works in mode 1 can
transmit the preamble code of the
corresponding time continuously.
When the receiver works in mode 2, the
time means the monitor interval time
(wireless wake-up). Only the data from
transmitter that works in mode 1 can be
received.
0
0
0
250ms（default）
0
0
1
500ms
0
1
0
750ms
0
1
1
1000ms
1
0
0
1250ms
1
0
1
1500ms
1
1
0
1750ms
1
1
1
2000ms
2
FEC switch
After turn off FEC, the actual data
transmission rate increases while
anti-interference ability decreases. Also
the transmission distance is relatively
short.
Both communication parties must keep
on the same pages about turn-on or
turn-off FEC.
0
Turn off FEC
1
Turn on FEC（Default）
1
0
transmission power (approximation)
For E44-TTL-100

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0
0
20dBm（Default）
The external power must make sure the
ability of current output more than
250mA and ensure the power supply
ripple within 100mV.
Low power transmission is not
recommended due to its low power
supply efficiency.
0
1
17dBm
1
0
14dBm
1
1
10dBm
1
0
transmission power (approximation)
E32(915T30S)
The external power must make sure the
ability of current output more than 1A
and ensure the power supply ripple
within 100mV.
Low power transmission is not
recommended due to its low power
supply efficiency.
0
0
30dBm（Default）
0
1
27dBm
1
0
24dBm
1
1
21dBm
For example: The meaning of No.3 "SPED" byte
The binary bit of the byte
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
The specific value
( configured by user)
0
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
Meaning
UART parity bit 8N1
UART baud rate is 9600
Air data rate is 2.4k
Corresponding hexadecimal
1
A
5. Parameter Setting
When the module is in mode 3 (M1=1 M0=1), the parameter can be set by instruction or software in PC.
Please visit www.cdebyte.com to download the software.

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6. FAQ
6.1 Communication range is too short
The communication distance will be affected when obstacle exists.
Data lose rate will be affected by temperature, humidity and co-channel interference.
The ground will absorb and reflect wireless radio wave, so the performance will be poor when testing near ground.
Sea water has great ability in absorbing wireless radio wave, so performance will be poor when testing near the sea.
The signal will be affected when the antenna is near metal object or put in a metal case.
Power register was set incorrectly, air data rate is set as too high (the higher the air data rate, the shorter the distance).
When the power supply at room temperature is lower than the recommended low voltage, the lower the voltage is, the lower the
transmitting power is.
Due to antenna quality or poor matching between antenna and module.
6.2 Module is easy to damage
Please check the power supply and ensure it is within the recommended range. Voltage higher than the peak will lead to a
permanent damage to the module.
Please check the stability of power supply and ensure the voltage not to fluctuate too much.
Please make sure anti-static measures are taken when installing and using, high frequency devices have electrostatic susceptibility.
Please ensure the humidity is within limited range for some parts are sensitive to humidity.
Please avoid using modules under too high or too low temperature.
7. Important Notes
All rights to interpret and modify this manual belong to Ebyte.
This manual will be updated based on the upgrade of firmware and hardware, please refer to the latest version.
Please refer to our website for new product information.
8. About Us
Technical support: [email protected]m
Documents and RF Setting download link: www.cdebyte.com/en/
Tel：[phone]
Fax：[phone]
Web：www.cdebyte.com/en/
Address：Innovation Center D347, 4# XI-XIN Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, China

SX1276 Wireless Module User Manual of E32(915T30S) Series Modules
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FCC Statement
This device complies with part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following two
conditions: (1) This device may not cause harmful interference, and (2) this device must accept any
interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation.
Any Changes or modifications not expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance could
void the user's authority to operate the equipment.
The modular can be installed or integrated in mobile or fix devices only. This modular cannot be
installed in any portable device .
FCC Radiation Exposure Statement
This modular complies with FCC RF radiation exposure limits set forth for an uncontrolled environment.
This transmitter must not be co-located or operating in conjunction with any other antenna or
transmitter. This modular must be installed and operated with a minimum distance of 20 cm between
the radiator and user body.
If the FCC identification number is not visible when the module is installed inside another device, then
the outside of the device into which the module is installed must also display a label referring to the
enclosed module. This exterior label can use wording such as the following: “Contains Transmitter
Module FCC ID: 2ALPH-E32 Or Contains FCC ID: 2ALPH-E32”
When the module is installed inside another device, the user manual of the host must contain below
warning statements;
1. This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following two
conditions:
(1) This device may not cause harmful interference.
(2) This device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired
operation.
2. Changes or modifications not expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance could void
the user's authority to operate the equipment.
The devices must be installed and used in strict accordance with the manufacturer's instructions as
described in the user documentation that comes with the product.