Ekinex EK-CG2-TP Instructions for use

Applicatio Manual
Universal Interface 4 DIN/NTC EK- CG2-TP
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APPLICATION MANUAL
EK-CG2-TP
UNIVERSAL INTERFACE
4 DIN/NTC
FOR DIGITAL INPUT AND NTC PROBE

Applicatio Manual
Universal Interface 4 DIN/NTC EK- CG2-TP
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Sommario
2.1 Input functions ............................................................................................................................................................... 5
2.2 Temperature probes and thermostats .............................................................................................................................. 5
2.3 Uscite Led....................................................................................................................................................................... 5
6.1 Offline Operation ........................................................................................................................................................... 7
6.2 OnLIne Operation .......................................................................................................................................................... 7
6.3Software working cycle ................................................................................................................................................... 7
6.4 Pushbotton inputs............................................................................................................................................................ 7
6.4.1 Pushbutton input events........................................................................................................................................ 7
6.4.2 Lock function........................................................................................................................................................ 8
6.4.3 State variables (communication objects) .............................................................................................................. 8
6.4.4 Binding between Events and Communication objects.......................................................................................... 8
6.4.5 Repeated send ....................................................................................................................................................... 8
6.4.6 Input pairs............................................................................................................................................................. 8
6.4.7 Single or independent input mode ......................................................................................................................... 9
6.4.8 Coupled input mode............................................................................................................................................ 10
6.4.9 Dimming function............................................................................................................................................... 10
6.4.10 Shutter / venetian blind function......................................................................................................................... 11
6.5 Outputs for LED signaling............................................................................................................................................ 13
6.5.1 Individual parameters......................................................................................................................................... 13
6.5.2 Funzioni logiche .................................................................................................................................................... 14
7.1 Control algorithms........................................................................................................................................................ 16
7.2 Controllo a 2 punti con isteresi .................................................................................................................................... 18
7.3 PWM Proportional-Integral control............................................................................................................................. 20
7.4 Setpoint management.................................................................................................................................................... 21
7.5 Operating modes....................................................................................................................................................... 22
7.6 Heating/cooling switch over ....................................................................................................................................... 22
7.7 Temperature control alarm.......................................................................................................................................... 23
8.1 Characteristics and timeout........................................................................................................................................... 23
8.2 Weighted temperature................................................................................................................................................... 24
8.3 Surface temperature limitation function ....................................................................................................................... 24
8.4 Anticondensation protection function.......................................................................................................................... 25
8.5 Window contacts.......................................................................................................................................................... 25
8.6 Presence sensors.................................................................................................................................................... 25
........................................................................................................................................................................................ 27
9.0.1 Info su EK-EG2-TP............................................................................................................................................. 28
9.0.2 General setting....................................................................................................................................................... 28
9.0.3 Input configuration................................................................................................................................................ 28
9.0.4 Independent or single: send values or sequences................................................................................................ 30
9.0.5 Independent or single: dimming ......................................................................................................................... 30
9.0.6 Independent or single: shutter or venetian blind................................................................................................. 31
9.0.7 Independent or single: scene............................................................................................................................... 31

Applicatio Manual
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9.0.8 Coupled: switch .................................................................................................................................................. 32
9.0.9 Coupled: dimming ................................................................................................................................................. 32
9.0.10 Coupled: shutter or venetian blind.................................................................................................................... 32
9.1 Input x: Function A/B configuration............................................................................................................................. 33
9.1.1 Indipendent or single.......................................................................................................................................... 33
9.1.2 Independent or single: Lock function enabled................................................................................................... 33
9.1.3 Independent or single: send values or sequences............................................................................................... 35
9.1.4 Independent or single: dimming ........................................................................................................................ 37
9.1.6 Independent or single: scene................................................................................................................................. 38
9.1.7 Coupled.............................................................................................................................................................. 39
9.1.8 Coupled: Lock function enabled......................................................................................................................... 39
9.1.9 Coupled: switch ................................................................................................................................................. 39
9.1.10 Coupled: dimming ............................................................................................................................................. 40
9.1.11 Coupled: shutter or venetian blind..................................................................................................................... 41
9.2 Sensor temperature ....................................................................................................................................................... 42
9.2.1 Parameters and communication objects................................................................................................................ 42
9.2.2 Acquisition filter................................................................................................................................................... 43
9.2.3 Correction of the measured temperature................................................................................................................ 43
9.2.4 External sensors (from bus) ................................................................................................................................... 44
9.2.5 Parameter and communication object tables..................................................................................................... 44
9.3 Weighted temperature value ........................................................................................................................................ 49
9.3.1 Parameter and communication object tables..................................................................................................... 49
9.4 Temperature control...................................................................................................................................................... 50
9.4.1Settings ................................................................................................................................................................... 50
9.5 Heating.......................................................................................................................................................................... 53
9.5.1 Parameter and communication object tables..................................................................................................... 53
9.6 Cooling.................................................................................................................................................................. 58
9.6..1 Parameter and communication object tables ................................................................................................ 58
9.7 Main and auxiliary ventilation .............................................................................................................................. 63
9.7.1 Parameter and communication object tables..................................................................................................... 63
9.7.2 Delayed fan start (“hot-start”)........................................................................................................................... 66
9.7.3 Antistratification function................................................................................................................................. 66
9.7.4 2-stage configuration with fan-coils as auxiliary stage..................................................................................... 66
9.7.5 Remote fan speed modification......................................................................................................................... 67
9.8 Scenes.................................................................................................................................................................... 69
9.8.1 Parameter and communication object tables..................................................................................................... 69
•........................................................................................................................................................................................... 70
9.9 Relative humidity control ............................................................................................................................................. 70
9.9.1 Dehumidification .............................................................................................................................................. 71
9.9.2 Humidification ...................................................................................................................................................... 73
9.10 Energy saving ............................................................................................................................................................. 74
9.10 .1 Window contacts................................................................................................................................................. 74
9.10.2 Presence sensors .................................................................................................................................................. 74

Applicatio Manual
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9.10.3 Card holder .......................................................................................................................................................... 75
10.1Parameter and communication object tables................................................................................................................ 77
12.1 Summary of KNX communication objects................................................................................................................. 79
13.1 Other information ....................................................................................................................................................... 91
Revisione
Modifiche
Data
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Emission
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1 Scope of document
This application manual describes the application details for the ekinex® contact interface version
EK-CG2 –TPekinex®
You can access the most up-to-date version of the full documentation for the device using following QR codes
EK-CG2-TP:
Item
File name (## = relase)
Version
Device
relase
Update
Product dataschhet
STEKCDG2TP_IT.pdf
EK-CG2-TP
A1.0
09/2017
Application manual
MAEKCG2TP_IT.pdf
EK-CG2-TP
Application program
APEKCG2TP##.knxprod
EK-CG2-TP

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2 Product decription
The EK-CG2-TP ekinex® devide include four separate digital inputs each configurable as:
Binary input.
NTC temperature Probe
This device is equipped with an integrated communication module for KNX bus and is intended for box
mounting; DIN rail or coupled to the FF and 71 series
The device also comes with programmable LED outputs for each command, which can be used for signaling
functions or as nighttime orientation.
The device is powered by the KNX bus line with a 30 VDC SELV voltage and does not require auxiliary power..
2.1 Input functions
Each one of two active positions of the input, or physical pushbutton, of the device. Such actions, in relation to
a single input, will be labelled with letters A and B..
When the imput is pressed, the device sends on the KNX bus the telegram (or sequence) associated to the
corresponding function according to how the device is programmed..
In the most common situation, for instance, one side of the Input might send an “ON” telegram for a lighting
unit, while the other side would send the “OFF” telegram for the same unit. Another typical application would
be for one side of the Input to increase the brightness of a dimmed light (and respectively decrease it for the
opposite side), or to raise / lower a curtain or blind and so on.
The two functions associated with a Input can also be programmed to perform exactly the same operation,
thereby effectively causing one Input to act as a single pushbutton..
2.2 Temperature probes and thermostats
By parameterizing through ETS the input as probe, the device allows to enable and configure up to four
thermostats, regardless of the number of inputs that have been configured.
2.3 Uscite Led
The interface has a number of outputs for the signal LED connection, the number of inputs, which can be freely
programmed (also with functions independent of inputs), both as functional indications and for obtaining
aesthetic effects or as night orientation lights.
For a more detailed description of the LED outputs and their configuration parameters refer to the application
section of the manual.

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3 Connection elements
The elements present and necessary for connecting the device are:
1. Digital / NTC inputs terminal block
2. Signal LED link terminal block
3. Aggregate button
4. LED programming mode indication
5. KNX bus line connectio
4 Configuration
The exact functionality of the device depends on the software settings.
In order to configure and commission the device you need ETS4 or later releases and the ekinex® application
program.
The application program allows you to access, within the ETS4 / 5 environment, the configuration of all the work
parameters of the device.
The program must be loaded into ETS (alternatively you can only load the entire ecinex® database of products
in one operation), and then all device specimens of the type considered can be added to the project being
drafted.
Configurable parameters for the device will be described in detail in the following paragraphs.
The configuration can be, and will generally be, completely defined in off-line mode; the transfer to the
configured device will then occur at the programming stage, described in next paragraph.
.
Device Code
Input n°
Out Led n°
Applicative Program
ETS (## = version)
Cominication Objects
(Nr. max)
Group Addresses
(Nr. max)
EK-CG2-TP
4
4
APEKCG2TP##.knxprod
365
365
5 Commissioning
After the device has been configured within the ETS project according to user requirements, the commissioning
of the device requires the following activities:
electrically connect the device, as described in the product datasheet, to the bus line on the final network or
through a purposely setup network for programming;
apply power to the bus;
switch the device operation to programming mode by pressing the programming pushbutton located on the rear
side of the housing. In this mode of operation, the programming LED is turned on steady;
upload the configuration (including the physical address) to the device with the ETS program.

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At the end of the upload, the operation of the device automatically returns to normal mode; in this mode the
programming LED is turned off. Now the device is programmed and ready for use on the bus.
6 Function Description
After switching on the bus, which also acts as a power supply, the device becomes fully functional after a very
short time needed for reinitialization. A delay is programmable for the device to become active on the bus in order
to avoid a bus traffic overload during the first moments of start-up of the whole network.
In case of a bus power failure (voltage lower than 19 V for 1 s or more), the device becomes unreactive: before
the power supply becomes insufficient, the status is internally stored. The timing functions are not active, neither
are the programmed group addresses.
As soon as the bus voltage is restored, the device will resume operation in its previous state (which is saved on
power fail), unless different initialization settings are programmed
6.1 Offline Operation
A fully unprogrammed device does not operate in standby mode. Since the operation relies entirely on the
exchange of information through communication objects, there is no part of the device that can operate
independently from a KNX bus.
.
6.2 OnLIne Operation
In general the device works like a configurable digital sensor that is listening to own inputs or outputs of other
devices. On input events the device performs output functionality over KNX bus like sending values or controlling
external devices like KNX actuators.
6.3Software working cycle
The main purpose of the software is following:
Handle user pushbutton presses and generate bus telegrams according to the assigned functions;
Implement pushbutton interlock and timing functions;
reagire ai telegrammi sul bus di richiesta dello stato degli ingressi o delle variabili locali.
Respond to bus messages requesting feedback on the status of the inputs.
The status of the device and specifically of its entities (input activation status) relies on KNX communication
objects, which can be freely defined and bound in various ways to the physical elements of the device; these
communication objects acts as state variables for the device.
There are also special events on which it is possible to trigger additional features. These events are the bus failure
and recovery, and the download of a new configuration with ETS.
6.4 Pushbotton inputs
The press of a pushbutton can be bound to different effects on a state variable.
6.4.1 Pushbutton input events
A button press can be handled either as an “on-off” event (“on” means when the button is pushed, “off” when it is
released), or as a “short press - long press” event (whereby a time period can be defined to discriminate the
duration of the “long” from the “short” press).

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In both cases, for each of the two available events a separate action can be assigned that operates on a selected
variable (actually, more than one; see below for details).
6.4.2 Lock function
For each input (or channel if inputs are coupled, see below), a lock feature can be enabled which allows to block
the operation of an input through a message on a communication object.
When in a locked state, the input is effectively disabled.
A value (for each transition) can be specified to be assigned to the communication object upon entering or exiting
the locked state.
The locked state can also be automatically activated when the bus is connected.
6.4.3 State variables (communication objects)
The variable that is changed by the input events can be one of the types available for KNX communication
objects, i.e. for instance a 1-bit value (on-off), a 2-bit value or an integer value of larger size.
In all cases, each of the two events can:
change the value of the variable to one of two definable values within its range (which is trivial in the
case of the 1-bit value);
toggle between the two defined values
do nothing (value is unaffected)
This state variable, once assigned a group address, is actually a KNX communication object; as such, it
undergoes the usual rules for communication objects, among which –for instance –the effect of flags to
determine how the change of value affects the transmission of the objects.
6.4.4 Binding between Events and Communication objects
The above description is a little simplified in order to ease comprehension; as a matter of fact, to each event
can be assigned not just one, but several communication objects (up to 8), even of different types. Each of
these communication objects can have its own behaviour and its own associated value set.
6.4.5 Repeated send
For most features, is it possible to set the device to send a telegram not just when a value changes as a
consequence of an input transition, but also at regular intervals whenever that value setting is active.
This behaviour, also referred to as Cyclical Transmission, can be set separately for each of the two values that
are associated to an input (or both, or none of them).
If an input is set to “send values or sequences” mode, repeated send is not available if more than 1 Communication
Object is assigned to that input.
6.4.6 Input pairs
The 4 inputs described can be considered, and used, as independent; however, due to the physical structure of
the device and the nature of the functions it most frequently performs, these inputs can be naturally grouped in

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pairs, which in the application program are referred to as channels. Each channel is made of a pair of inputs, and
is physically associated to a Input.
Since the channels of the device are labelled 1 to 4, the inputs are labelled 1A / 1B for channel 1, 2A / 2B for
channel 2 and so on. The same numbering is used whether the channel pairing is used or not.
In order to specify channel pairings, each Input can be configured in two ways: single mode and coupled mode.
This setting appears among Input-level settings rather than input-level settings, because only inputs belonging to
the same Input can be coupled. The only combinations allowed for coupling are in fact 1A with 1B, 2A with 2B,
and so on.
In single or independent mode, each input operates independently, has its own parameters and
communication objects. This is the mode of operation described so far.
In coupled mode, 2 inputs operate logically grouped under a channel in order to perform a common
functionality; therefore, they operate on shared communication objects.
It is possible to configure some of the inputs in single or independent mode and the others in coupled mode, with
the pairing constraints just described.
It must be mentioned that there is actually a third way to configure an input pair, which lies somehow halfway
between the two modes above (although it is considered as a variation of the single mode): each second input,
i.e. inputs 1B, 2B, 3B etc., can be configured to perform exactly the same function as its first input. In this fashion,
both pushbuttons associated with a Input are effectively operated “in parallel”, so as to operate the whole Input as
a single, larger control (either pushbutton or switch, according to programmed operation).
Following there is a description of all possible features of the channels. Single or independent and coupled modes
have a similar functionality, but differ for the configuration and will be therefore be treated separately
6.4.7 Single or independent input mode
Each single input can be configured for one of following different features:
1. Send values or sequences
An event triggers the transmission on the bus of configurable values or sequence of values.
These values can be of a logical type or a numerical type with a different size.
A sequence of values can be made of up to 8 communication objects of different value types.
Time delays can set between values in the sequence.
2. Dimmer control
This mode is intended to be used with dimming actuators for the control of lighting devices.
The functionality is triggered on short press and long press events.
On short press events, the device sends on/off telegrams to the dimming actuator.
On long press events, the dimming percentage is varied up or down until the button is released.
3. Shutter or Venetian blind control
This mode is intended to be used together with actuators for the control of motorized blinds, shutters and
similar devices. These actuators have functions for blind opening and closing; two movement types are
selectable, i.e. continuous movement and stepwise movement. On input events, the device sends operation
telegrams to the actuators.
The operation is configurable through following parameters:
If toggle mode is enabled, on each activation of the same input the movement direction is inverted;
if it is disabled, the movement direction is fixed and it can be set to “up” or “down”.
If blinds mode is enabled, the device sends “full movement” telegrams on long press and “step”
telegrams on short press; if it is disabled, the device sends “full movement” telegrams on long press
and “stop” telegrams on short press.

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4. Scene function output
This mode is intended to be used together with several KNX actuators that support using a scene function;
this function allows storing and recalling a communication object value on an actuator.
In this mode, the role of the device is to send a “store / recall scene” telegram to the actuator on a long /
short press event.
This mode has two possible configurations:
Activate pre-set scene on short press, and store current setting as scene value on long press
Activate two different scenes on long and short press.
6.4.8 Coupled input mode
Each pair of coupled inputs, corresponding to the two sides of a same Input, can be configured for one of following
different features (only the differences from the single mode are highlighted):
1. Switch control
Both inputs in a pair are bound to the same communication object; unlike single mode, the object can only
be of the 1-bit type (on-off), therefore building a conventional switching behaviour.
The user can configure which of the two inputs sets the “off” or resp. “on” value.
2. Dimmer control
The functionality is triggered on short press and long press events of the inputs in the pair.
The user can configure which of the two inputs sets the “up” or resp. “down” value.
On short press events, the input configured as “up” sends an “on” switching telegram to the dimming
actuator; while the “down” input sends an “off” telegram.
On long press events, the dimming percentage is varied up or down until the button is released.
3. Shutter or Venetian blind control
The two inputs of a pair are assigned to opposite movement directions; these can be assigned to inputs as
desired, i.e. A up / B down or the other way around.
The blinds mode can also be set, and it works exactly as in single mode.
In coupled mode, there is no provision for a scene control feature
6.4.9 Dimming function
The dimming function is a device application profile included in KNX specifics. Those specifics define the basic
requirements for interface mechanisms, in addition to which some aspects regarding the operating modes, peculiar
for each device (for both command or actuation devices) are to be considered.
The dimmer control type is essentially based on a 4-bit communication object, whose data has the following
format:

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The transmission of telegrams containing data of such format tells the actuator to perform an increase or a
decrease, by an amplitude equal to the specified step, or to stop an ongoing variation.
The increase or decrease of an intensity value by the actuator is not instantaneous but gradual; therefore, an
increase / decrease command with interval equal to the maximum allowed value has the effect of starting the
intensity variation in the desired direction, which will continue until the maximum (or minimum) value has been
reached. Such variation can be stopped, once the desired intensity value has been reached, by sending a “stop”
command.
It is normally possible, and desirable, to have the possibility to instantly switch on or off the load (i.e. to
instantaneously bring its value from 0% to 100%). In order to achieve that, an “On / Off” command based on
another object is used; this is the same object used for the normal load switch, which is present also in absence
of a dimming mechanism.
The command device – in this case, the Input unit – will define the operations to generate a sequence of
commands with an opportune order and time interval, in order to achieve the desired command effect.
The defined operations and related commands are the following:
Figure 1 - Dimmer mode command sequence
Short press: instantaneous switch on / off (toggle on / off on a switch object);
Long press: increase / decrease value until 100% / 0%;
Release: stop increase / decrease.
Please note that the same mechanism can be applied to the shutter or venetian blind control (in that case,
“maximum / minimum” is substituted with “open / close”). For this purpose, the data type (DPT) 3.008 exists,
whose structure and values are identical to those already described; in order to control a shutter with the same
mode, it is possible to connect a communication object type 3.007 command side, to an object type 3.008
actuator side (if foreseen). In this case, obviously, the object type “On / Off” which allows instantaneous switch
on / off is not used
6.4.10 Shutter / venetian blind function
The “Shutter / venetian blind” function is a bundle of application profiles included in KNX specifics. As for dimming
function, such specifics define basic requirements related to interface mechanisms, in addition to which some
aspects regarding the operating modes, peculiar for each device (for both command or actuation devices) are to
be considered

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In case of shutters, the actuator brings a mechanic component from one point to another in a gradual way, with
possibility to stop at intermediate points; the command is carried out by 2 lines which, when activated (one line at
a time) make the actuator move in the corresponding direction.
A venetian blind is essentially a shutter that, in addition to the up / down movement, is also equipped with slats
that can be opened / closed same way as a shutter (gradual movement between extreme points). The peculiarity
is that normally the slat’s movement and the up / down movement are controlled by the same two lines; therefore,
the activation of the electromechanic device must be carried out according to a specific sequence. For further
detail please check the actuator’s documentation; in this document all we need to point out is that, command side,
the control sequences can be considered as independent from these aspects.
The basic control for a shutter or a venetian blind is essentially based on three 1-bit communication objects:
[1.008] Move Up/Down
[1.007] Stop – Step Up/Down
[1.017] Dedicated Stop
The effect of the commands linked to these objects is the following:
The command “Move”, when received, starts the movement of the shutter in the indicated direction.
The command “Stop – Step” has two functions: if the shutter is stopped, it moves by one step in the
indicated direction (the duration is set in the actuator), if not, it stops the ongoing movement without
doing anything else.
The command “Stop” just stops the ongoing movement.
In addition, other types of control objects are normally available (“dimmer” type, absolute position, etc.) but they
are not part of the basic control on which this manual is about; for further information please refer to the actuators’
manual or KNX specifics.
In the simplest version, on command side:
In order to control a shutter at least the objects “Move” and “Stop” are required (and present).
In order to control a venetian blind at least the objects “Move” and “Stop – Step” are required (and
present).
On actuator side – whether it is a shutter or a venetian blind – the presence of objects “Move” and “Stop – Step”
must be guaranteed, while the presence of the object “Stop” is optional (but usually present).
As for the operations to perform on the command device, in our specific case the Input unit, in order to generate
a sequence of these commands with the proper order and time interval, there are multiple possibilities.
In case of ekinex input devices, two modes are available – indicated as “Shutter” and “Venetian blind” based on
their typical destination – which are illustrated in the following figure.
Figure 2 - “Shutter” mode command sequence

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In “Shutter” mode, when a Input is pressed – or a digital input is activated –the shutter starts moving in the
corresponding direction (which can be alternatively in the two directions if the Input is in independent mode and
has been configured as toggle).
If the Input is released quickly, the shutter will continue its run until full opening or closing; it is still possible to stop
it by pressing again the Input with a long press.
If the Input is pressed with a long press, when it is released –which will be in correspondence with the desired
position –the shutter will stop.
Figure 3 - “Venetian blind” mode command sequence
In “Venetian blind” mode, on release of a Input after a short press, the venetian blind performs a step; this
operation, normally –i.e. even if the actuator is indeed configured for a venetian blind –is used for the slats
regulation.
If the Input is pressed with a long press, when the threshold time is reached, a “Move” command is issued, which
will bring the venetian blind to full open or close. In order to stop it at an intermediate position, the Input needs to
be pressed again (short press).
6.5 Outputs for LED signaling
The LED indicators associated with each input can be individually addressed even if the corresponding inputs are
paired.
6.5.1 Individual parameters.
The power of each LED can be set as follows:
•Fixed value (always on or off)
•Switches on when the corresponding input is activated. With this option, you can specify an additional
delay after the button is released;
•Status determined by the bus through via communication object. In this case, you can specify that in the
active state the LED is flashing (with different choices for on / off times); In addition, the on / off condition
can be reversed with respect to the status of the reference communication object (LED lit when the value
of the object is "off" and vice versa).

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6.5.2 Funzioni logiche
The KNX pushbutton allows to use some useful logic functions (AND, OR, NOT and exclusive OR) in order to
implement complex functions in the building automation system.
You can configure:
•4 channels of logical functions
•4 inputs for each channel
Each object value, if desired, can be individually inverted by inserting a NOT logic operator.
The inputs created by the objects are then logically combined as shown in the following figure:
Figure 4 – Logic combination function
The logic block on the right side of the figure has the following function, based on the selected operation:
OR – the output is ON if at least one input is ON;
AND – the output is ON if all inputs are ON;
XOR – the output is ON if an odd number of inputs is ON;
This last function is more intuitive when there are only 2 inputs: in this case, the output is ON when one input or
the other one is ON, but not the two of them simultaneously.
Please note that in this description, with “input” and “output” we refer only to the logic block; for the device
operation, the effective “inputs” are given by communication objects, so also the possible activation of NOT logic
operators has to be considered.
The following figures show the basic logic functions, assuming 2 inputs and only one logic communication object:

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Figure 5 – Logic function OR
Figure 7 – Logic function AND

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Figure 8 – Logic function XOR
For each channel, a parameter Delay after bus voltage recovery is available: this parameter represents the time
interval between the bus voltage recovery and the first reading of the input communication objects for evaluating
the logic functions.
The communication function representing the logic function output is sent on the bus on event of change;
alternatively, a cyclic sending can be set.
7 Room Controller
The room air temperature control is performed thanks to the intercept valve(s) on the heat exchange coil(s), with
an ON/OFF or PWM control algorithm. In order to control those valves, electrothermal actuators and/or
servomotors can be used
7.1 Control algorithms
The picture below shows the components of a common generic control system for ambient temperature. The
room thermostat measures the actual temperature of the air mass (Teff) and constantly compares it to the
setpoint value (Tset).

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The control algorithm, basing on the difference between Tset and Teff, processes a command value which can be
of analogue or On / Off type; the command is represented by a CO that is transmitted via bus, periodically or event
based, to a actuator device. The output of the actuator device is the driving variable of the control system, which
can be e.g. a flow rate of water or air. The control system realized by the room thermostat is of feedback type,
namely the algorithm takes into account the effects on the system in order to change the control action on the
same entity.

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7.2 Controllo a 2 punti con isteresi
Two-point control with hysteresis
This control algorithm, which is also known as On / Off, is the most classic and popular. The control provides for
the on / off switching of the system following a hysteresis loop, i.e. two threshold levels are considered for the
switching instead of a single one.
Heating mode: when the measured temperature is lower than the value of the difference (Tset –ΔThysteresis), whereby
ΔThysteresis identifies the differential adjustment of the boilers, the device activates the heating system by sending
a message or KNX telegram to the actuator that handles the heating system; when the measured temperature
reaches the desired temperature (Setpoint), the device disables the heating system by sending another
message. In this way, there are two decision thresholds for activation and deactivation of the heating, the first
being the level (Tset –ΔThysteresis) below which the device activates the system, whereas the second is the desired
temperature above which the heating system is deactivated.
Cooling mode: When the measured temperature is higher than the value of the difference (Tset + ΔThysteresis),
whereby ΔThysteresis identifies the differential adjustment of the cooler, the device activates the air conditioning
system by sending a message or KNX telegram to the actuator that handles it; when the measured temperature
falls below the desired temperature Tset the device turns off the air conditioning system by sending another
message. In this way, there are two decision thresholds for activation and deactivation of the cooling: the first
being the level (Tset + ΔThysteresis) above which the device activates the system, whereas the second is the desired
temperature below which the air conditioning system is deactivated. In the ETS application program, two different
parameters are available for the hysteresis value for heating and cooling: the values usually differ depending on
the system type and its inertia.
In those applications where floor or ceiling radiant panels are present, it is possible to realize a different 2-point
room temperature control. This type of control must be paired either to a proper regulation system for flow
temperature that takes into account all internal conditions or an optimizer that exploits the thermal capacity of the
building to adjust the energy contributions. In this type of control the hysteresis (ΔThysteresis) of the room temperature
high limit (Tset + ΔThysteresis) represent the maximum level of deviation that the user is willing to accept during plant
conduction.
T ambient
OFF
ON
Tset
Thysteresis
T ambient
OFF
ON
Tset
Thysteresis
T ambient
OFF
ON
Tset
hysteresis
T ambient
OFF
ON
Tset
T
hysteresis

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Heating mode –When the measured temperature is lower than the desired temperature Tset, the device activates
the heating system by sending a message or KNX telegram to the actuator that handles it; when the measured
temperature reaches the value (Tset + ΔThysteresis), whereby ΔThysteresis identifies the differential adjustment of the
boilers the device disables the heating system by sending another message. In this way, there are two decision
thresholds for activation and deactivation of the heating, the first being the desired temperature Tset below which
the device activates the system, whereas the second is the value (Tset + ΔThysteresis), above which the heating
system is deactivated.
Cooling mode –When the measured temperature is higher than the desired temperature Tset, the device activates
the air conditioning system by sending a message or KNX telegram to the actuator that handles it; when the
measured temperature reaches the value (Tset - ΔThysteresis), whereby ΔThysteresis identifies the differential adjustment
of the air conditioning system, the device disables the air conditioning system by sending another message. In
this way, there are two decision thresholds for activation and deactivation of the air conditioning system: he first
being the desired temperature Tset above which the device activates the system, whereas the second is the value
(Tset - ΔThysteresis) below which the air conditioning system is deactivated.
In the ETS application program, two different parameters are available for the hysteresis value for heating and
cooling: the values usually differ depending on the system type and its inertia.
In the ETS application program, the default 2-point hysteresis control algorithm foresees inferior hysteresis for
heating and superior for cooling. If Heating and/or cooling type = floor radiant panels or ceiling radiant panels, it is
possible to select the hysteresis position according to the described second mode, i.e. with superior hysteresis for
heating and inferior for cooling.
The desired temperature (Tset) is generally different for each one of the 4 operating modes and for heating/cooling
modes. The different values are defined for the first time during ETS configuration and can be modified later on.
In order to optimize energy saving (for each extra degree of room temperature, outbound dispersions and energy
consumption go up 6%), it is possible to take advantage of the multifunctionality of the domotic system, for example
with:
•Hour programming with automatic commutation of the operating mode by means of KNX supervisor;
•Automatic commutation of the operating mode according to window opening for air refreshment; •
Circuit deactivation when desired temperature is reached;
•Flow temperature reduction in case of partial load.
.

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7.3 PWM Proportional-Integral control
The proportional-integral PWM (Pulse Width Modulator) controller uses an analogue control variable to modulate the
duration of the time intervals in which a binary output is in the On or Off state. The controller operates in a periodic manner
over a cycle, and in each period it maintains the output to the On value for a time proportional to the value of the control
variable. As shown in the figure, by varying the ratio between the ON time and the OFF time, the average time of activation
of the output varies, and consequently the average intake of heating or cooling power supplied to the environment
This type of controller is well suited for use with On / Off type actuators, such as relays and actuators for zone
valves, which are less expensive (both for electrical and mechanical components) than proportional actuators. A
distinctive advantage of this type of controller, compared with the raw On / Off controller already described, is that
it eliminates the inertia characteristics of the system: it allows significant energy savings, because you avoid
unnecessary interventions on the system introduced by the 2-point control with hysteresis and it only provides the
power required to compensate for losses in the building.
Every time the user or the supervisor changes the desired temperature setpoint, the cycle time is interrupted, the
control output is reprocessed and the PWM restarts with a new cycle: this allows the system to reach its steady
state more quickly.
Terminal type
Proportional Band [K]
Integral Time [min]
Cycle Period [min]
Radiators
5
150
15-20
Electrical heaters
4
100
15-20
Fan-coil
4
90
15-20
Floor radiant panels
5
240
15-20
i
Guidelines for choosing the proper parameters of a PMW Proportional-Integral controller:
Cycle time: for low-inertial systems such as heating and air conditioning systems, short cycle times must be chosen (10-15
minutes) to avoid oscillations of the room temperature.
Narrow proportional band: wide and continuous oscillations of the room temperature, short setpoint settling time.
Wide proportional band: small or no oscillations of the room temperature, long setpoint settling time.
Short integral time: short setpoint settling time, continuous oscillations of the room temperature.
Long integral time: long setpoint settling time, no oscillations of the room temperature.
OFF
ON
Cycle period
T ON
T OFF
Time [min]
OFF
ON
T ON = T OFF
Time [min]
Mean ON time = 50%
OFF
ON
T ON = ½ T OFF
Time [min]
Mean ON time = 25%