Epever SolarV AN Series User manual

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USER MANUAL
Model:
1210AN
2210AN
3210AN
4210AN
TRACER AN SERIES - MPPT SOLAR CHARGER CONTROLLER

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CONTENTS
1. General Information.................................................................................................................................... 1
1.1 Overview...........................................................................................................................................1
1.2 Characteristics.................................................................................................................................. 2
1.3 Naming Rules of Controller models..................................................................................................2
1.4 Maximum Power Point Tracking Technology...................................................................................3
1.5 Battery Charging Stage..................................................................................................................... 4
2. Installation Instructions............................................................................................................................... 7
2.1 General Installation Notes................................................................................................................7
2.2 PV Array Requirements.................................................................................................................... 7
2.3 Wire Size..........................................................................................................................................10
2.4 Mounting........................................................................................................................................ 11
3. Operation................................................................................................................................................... 14
3.1 Button............................................................................................................................................. 14
3.2 Interface..........................................................................................................................................14
3.3 Setting.............................................................................................................................................16
3.4 Accessories (optional).....................................................................................................................21
4. Protections, Troubleshooting and Maintenance.......................................................................................22
4.1 Protection.........................................................................................................................................22
4.2 Troubleshooting...............................................................................................................................23
4.3 Maintenance.................................................................................................................................... 24
5. Technical Specifications.............................................................................................................................. 25
6. Annex I Conversion Efficiency Curves......................................................................................................... 27
7. Annex II Mechanical Dimension Diagram...................................................................................................31

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Important Safety Instructions
Please keep this manual for future review. This manual contains all instructions of safety, installation and
operation for Tracer AN series Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) controller ("the controller" as referred
to in this manual).
General Safety Information
Read carefully all the instructions and warnings in the manual before installation.
No user serviceable components inside the controller. DO NOT disassemble or attempt to repair the
controller.
Mount the controller indoors. Avoid exposure the components and do not allow water to enter the
controller.
Install the controller in a well ventilated place. The controller’s heat sink may become very hot during
operation.
Suggest installing appropriate external fuses/breakers.
Make sure to switch off all PV array connections and the battery fuse/breakers before controller
installation and adjustment.
Power connections must remain tight to avoid excessive heating from loose connection.

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1. General Information
1.1 Overview
Tracer AN series controller is based on common negative design and advanced MPPT control algorithm,
with LCD displaying running status, this product is artistic, economical and practical. The MPPT control
algorithm can minimize the maximum power point loss rate and loss time, quickly track the maximum
power point of the PV array and obtain the maximum energy from solar modules under any conditions; and
can increase the ratio of energy utilization in the solar system by 20%-30% compared with a PWM charging
method.
Limiting the charging power & current and reducing charging power functions ensure the system stable with
over PV modules in high temperature environment. and increase the professional protection chip for the
RS485 port, further improving the reliability and meeting the different application requirements.
Tracer AN series controller owns self-adaptive three-stage charging mode based on digital control circuit,
which can effectively prolong the lifespan of battery and significantly improve the system performance. It
also has comprehensive electronic protection for overcharge, overdischarge, PV & battery reverse etc, to
ensure the solar system more reliable and more durable. This controller can be widely used for RV,
communication base station, household system, field monitoring and many other areas.
Features：
100% charging and discharging in working environment temperature
High quality and low failure rate components(ST/IR/Infineon) to ensure service life
Advanced MPPT technology, with efficiency no less than 99.5%
Maximum DC/DC conversion efficiency of 98%
Ultra-fast tracking speed and guaranteed tracking efficiency
Advanced MPPT control algorithm to minimize the MPP loss rate and loss time
Accurate recognition and tracking of multiple-peaks maximum power point
Wide MPP operating voltage range
Limit charging power & current over rated range
Support the lead-acid and lithium batteries with the needed tem. compensation
Real-time energy statistics function
Power reduction automatically over temperature range
Multiple load work modes
Comprehensive electronic protection
RS485 with 5V/200mA protected output for no power devices, with Modbus
Monitor and set the parameters via APP or PCsoftware

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1.2 Characteristics
Figure 1 Product Characteristics
❶
SELECT button
❻
RS485 communication port
❷
★
RTS port
❼
Mounting Hole Φ5mm
❸
PV Terminals
❽
ENTER button
❹
Battery Terminals
❾
LCD
❺
Load Terminals
★If the temperature sensor is short-circuited or damaged, the controller will charge or discharge at the
default temperature setting of 25 ºC.
1.3 Naming Rules of Controller models
EXAMPLE:
Tracer 1 2 10 AN
Common Negative System Max.PV
opencircuitvoltage100V System
Voltage12/24VDC Charge &
discharge current10A Product
Series

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Input power (PPV)= Output power (PBat)
Input voltage (VMpp) *input current (IPV) =Battery voltage (VBat) *battery current (IBat)
1.4 Maximum Power Point Tracking Technology
Due to the nonlinear characteristics of solar array, there is a maximum energy output point (Max Power
Point) on its curve. Traditional controllers, with switch charging technology and PWM charging
technology, can’t charge the battery at the maximum power point, so can’t harvest the maximum energy
available from PV array, but the solar charge controller with Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT)
Technology can lock on the point to harvest the maximum energy and deliver it to the battery.
The MPPT algorithm of our company continuously compares and adjusts the operating points to attempt
to locate the maximum power point of the array. The tracking process is fully automatic and does not
need user adjustment.
As the Figure 1-2, the curve is also the characteristic curve of the array, the MPPT technology will ‘boost’ the
battery charge current through tracking the MPP. Assuming 100% conversion efficiency of the solar system, in
that way, the following formula is established:
Normally, the VMpp is always higher than VBat, Due to the principle of conservation of energy, the IBat is
always higher than IPV. The greater the discrepancy between VMpp &VBat, the greater the discrepancy
between IPV& IBat. The greater the discrepancy between array and battery, the bigger reduction of the
conversion efficiency of the system, thus the controller’s conversion efficiency is particularly important in
the PV system.
Figure 1-2 is the maximum power point curve, the shaded area is charging range of traditional solar
charge controller (PWM Charging Mode), it can obviously diagnose that the MPPT mode can improve the
usage of the solar energy resource. According to our test, the MPPT controller can raise 20%-30%
efficiency compared to the PWM controller. (Value may be fluctuant due to the influence of the ambient
circumstance and energy loss.)
Figure 1-2 Maximum Power Point Curve

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In actual application, as shading from cloud, tree and snow, the panel maybe appear Multi-MPP, but in
actually there is only one real Maximum Power Point. As the below Figure 1-3 shows:
Figure 1-3 Mutil-MPP Curve
If the program works improperly after appearing Multi-MPP, the system will not work on the real max
power point, which may waste most solar energy resources and seriously affect the normal operation of
the system. The typical MPPT algorithm, designed by our company, can track the real MPP quickly and
accurately, improve the utilization rate of the array and avoid the waste of resources.
1.5 Battery Charging Stage
The controller has a 3 stages battery charging algorithm (Bulk Charging, Constant Charging and Float Charging)
for rapid, efficient, and safe battery charging.
Figure 1-4 Battery changing stage Curve

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A) Bulk Charging
In this stage, the battery voltage has not yet reached constant voltage (Equalize or Boost Voltage), the
controller operates in constant current mode, delivering its maximum current to the batteries (MPPT
Charging).
B) Constant Charging
When the battery voltage reaches the constant voltage setpoint, the controller will start to operate in
constant charging mode, this process is no longer MPPT charging, and in the meantime the charging
current will drop gradually, the process is not the MPPT charging. The Constant Charging has 2 stages,
equalize and boost. These two stages are not carried out constantly in a full charge process to avoid too
much gas precipitation or overheating of battery.
Boost Charging
The Boost stage maintain 2 hours in default, user can adjust the constant time and preset value of boost
voltage according to demand.
The stage is used to prevent heating and excessive battery gassing.
Equalize Charging
WARNING: Explosive Risk!
Equalizing flooded battery would produce explosive gases, so well ventilation of battery
box is recommended.
CAUTION: Equipment damage!
Equalization may increase battery voltage to the level that damages sensitive DC loads.
Verify that all load allowable input voltages are 11% greater than the equalizing charging
set point voltage.
CAUTION: Equipment damage!
Over-charging and excessive gas precipitation may damage the battery plates and activate
material shedding on them. Too high an equalizing charge or for too long may cause
damage.
Please carefully review the specific requirements of the battery used in the system.
Some types of batteries benefit from equalizing charge on a regular basis, which is able to stir electrolyte,
balance battery voltage and accomplish chemical reaction. Equalizing charge increases battery voltage,
higher than the standard complement voltage, which gasifies the battery electrolyte.
The controller will equalize the battery on 28th each month. The constant equalization period is 0~180
minutes. If the equalization isn’t accomplished in one-time, the equalization recharge time will be
accumulated until the set time is finished. Equalize charge and boost charge are not carried out constantly
in a full charge process to avoid too much gas precipitation or overheating of battery.
NOTE:
1) Due to the influence of ambient circumstance or load working, the battery voltage can’t be
steady in constant voltage, controller will accumulateand

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calculate the time of constant voltage working. When the accumulated time reach to 3 hours, the
charging mode will turn to Float Charging.
2) If the controller time is not adjusted, the controller will equalize charge battery once every
month following the inner time.
C) Float Charging
After the Constant voltage stage, the controller will reduce charging current to Float Voltage setpoint. This
stage will have no more chemical reactions and all the charge current transforms into heat and gas at this
time. Then the controller reduces the voltage to the floating stage, charging with a smaller voltage and
current. It will reduce the temperature of the battery and prevent the gassing and charging the battery
slightly at the same time. The purpose of Float stage is to offset the power consumption caused by self
consumption and small loads in the whole system, while maintaining full battery storage capacity.
In Float charging stage, loads are able to obtain almost all power from solar panel. If loads exceed the
power, the controller will no longer be able to maintain battery voltage in Float charging stage. If the
battery voltage remains below the Recharge Voltage, the system will leave Float charging stage and return
to Bulk charging stage.

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2. Installation Instructions
2.1 General Installation Notes
Please read the entire installation instructions to get familiar with the installation steps before
installation.
Be very careful when installing the batteries, especially flooded lead-acid battery. Please wear eye
protection, and have fresh water available to wash and clean any contact with battery acid.
Keep the battery away from any metal objects, which may cause short circuit of the battery.
Explosive battery gases may come out from the battery during charging, so make sure ventilation
condition is good.
Ventilation is highly recommended if mounted in an enclosure. Never install the controller in a sealed
enclosure with flooded batteries! Battery fumes from vented batteries will corrode and destroy the
controller circuits.
Loose power connections and corroded wires may result in high heat that can melt wire insulation, burn
surrounding materials, or even cause fire. Ensure tight connections and use cable clamps to secure cables
and prevent them from swaying in mobile applications.
Lead-acid battery and lithium battery are recommended, other kinds please refer to the battery
manufacturer.
Battery connection may be wired to one battery or a bank of batteries. The following instructions refer to
a singular battery, but it is implied that the battery connection can be made to either one battery or a
group of batteries in a battery bank.
Multiple same models of controllers can be installed in parallel on the same battery bank to achieve
higher charging current. Each controller must have its own solar module(s).
Select the system cables according to 5A/mm2or less current density in accordance with Article 690 of
the National Electrical Code, NFPA 70.
2.2 PV Array Requirements
(1) Serial connection (string) of PV modules
As the core component of PV system, controller could be suitable for various types of PV modules and
maximize converting solar energy into electrical energy. According to the open circuit voltage (Voc) and the
maximum power point voltage (VMpp) of the MPPT controller, the series number of different types PV
modules can be calculated. The below table is for reference only.

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Tracer1210/2210/3210/4210AN:
System
voltage
36 cell
Voc＜23V
48 cell
Voc＜31V
54 cell
Voc＜34V
60 cell
Voc＜38V
Max.
Best
Max.
Best
Max.
Best
Max.
Best
12V
4
2
2
1
2
1
2
1
24V
4
3
2
2
2
2
2
2
System
voltage
72 cell Voc＜46V
96 cell Voc＜62V
Thin-Film
Module Voc
＞80V
Max.
Best
Max.
Best
12V
2
1
1
1
1
24V
2
1
1
1
1
NOTE: The above parameter values are calculated under standard test conditions STC (Standard Test
Condition)：Irradiance 1000W/m2，Module Temperature 25℃， Air Mass1.5.
(2) Maximum PV array power
The MPPT controller has the function of current/power-limiting, that is, during the charging process, when
the charging current or power exceeds the rated charging current or power, the controller will automatically
limit the charging current or power to the rated charging current or power, which can effectively protect
the charging parts of controller, and prevent damages to the controller due to the connection of some over-
specification PV modules. The actual operation of PV array is as follows:
Condition 1:
Actual charging power of PV array ≤ Rated charging power of controller
Condition 2:
Actual charging current of PV array ≤ Rated charging current of controller
When the controller operates under “Condition 1”or“Condition 2”, it will carry out the charging as per the
actual current or power; at this time, the controller can work at the maximum power point of PV array.
WARNING: When the power of PV is not greater than the rated charging power, but the
maximum open-circuit voltage of PV array is more than 60(Tracer**06AN)/100V(Tracer**10AN)
(at the lowest environmental temperature), the controller may be damaged.
Condition 3:
Actual charging power of PV array＞Rated charging power of controller
Condition 4:
Actual charging current of PV array＞Rated charging current of controller
When the controller operates under “Condition 3”or“Condition 4”，it will carry out the charging as per the
rated current or power.

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WARNING: When the power of PV module is greater than the rated charging power, and the
maximum open-circuit voltage of PV array is more than
60(Tracer**06AN)/100V(Tracer**10AN)(at the lowest environmental temperature), the
controller may be damaged.
According to “Peak Sun Hours diagram”, if the power of PV array exceeds the rated charging power of
controller, then the charging time as per the rated power will be prolonged, so that more energy can be
obtained for charging the battery. However, in the practical application, the maximum power of PV array
shall be not greater than 1.5 x the rated charging power of controller. If the maximum power of PV array
exceeds the rated charging power of controller too much, it will not only cause the waste of PV modules,
but also increase the open-circuit voltage of PV array due to the influence of environmental temperature,
which may make the probability of damage to the controller rise. Therefore, it is very important to
configure the system reasonably. For the recommended maximum power of PV array for this controller,
please refer to the table below:
Model
Rated Charge
Current
Rated Charge
Power
Max. PV Array
Power
Max. PV open
circuit voltage
Tracer1210AN
10A
130W/12V
195W/12V
260W/24V
390W/24V
Tracer2210AN
20A
260W/12V
390W/12V
92V①
520W/24V
780W/24V
Tracer3210AN
30A
390W/12V
580W/12V
100 ②
780W/24V
1170W/24V
Tracer4210AN
40A
520W/12V
780W/12V
1040W/24V
1560W/24V
①At 25℃environment temperature
②At minimum operating environment temperature

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2.3 Wire Size
The wiring and installation methods must conform to all national and local electrical code requirements.
2.3.1 PV Wire Size
Since PV array output can vary due to the PV module size, connection method or sunlight angle, the
minimum wire size can be calculated by the Isc of PV array. Please refer to the value of Isc in the PV
module specification. When PV modules connect in series, the Isc is equal to a PV modules Isc. When PV
modules connect in parallel, the Isc is equal to the sum of the PV module’s Isc. The Isc of the PV array must
not exceed the controller’s maximum PV input current. Please refer to the table as below:
NOTE: All PV modules in a given array are assumed to be identical.
Isc=short circuit current(amps) Voc=open circuit voltage.
Model
Max. PV input current
＊
Max. PV wire size
Tracer1210AN
10A
4mm2/12AWG
Tracer2210AN
20A
6mm2/10AWG
Tracer3210AN
30A
10mm2/8AWG
Tracer4210AN
40A
16mm2/6AWG
These are the maximum wire sizes that will fit the controller terminals.
CAUTION: When the PV modules connect in series, the open circuit voltage of the PV array
must not exceed 46V (Tracer**06AN), 92V (Tracer**10AN) at 25℃environment
temperature.
2.3.2 Battery and Load Wire Size
The battery and load wire size must conform to the rated current, the reference size as below:
Model
Rated
charge
current
Rated
discharge
current
Battery wire
size
Load wire
size
Tracer1210AN
10A
10A
4mm2/12AWG
4mm2/12AWG
Tracer2210AN
20A
20A
6mm2/10AWG
6mm2/10AWG
Tracer3210AN
30A
30A
10mm2/8AWG
10mm2/8AWG
Tracer4210AN
40A
40A
16mm2/6AWG
16mm2/6AWG

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CAUTION: The wire size is only for reference. If there is a long distance between the PV array
and the controller or between the controller and the battery, larger wires can be used to
reduce the voltage drop and improve performance.
CAUTION: For the battery, the recommended wire will be selected according to the
conditions that its terminals are not connected to any additional inverter.
2.4 Mounting
WARNING: Risk of explosion! Never install the controller in a sealed enclose with flooded
batteries! Do not install in a confined area where battery gas can accumulate.
WARNING: Risk of electric shock! When wiring the solar modules, the PV array can produce
a high open circuit voltage, so turn off the breaker before wiring and be careful when wiring.
CAUTION： The controller requires at least 150mm of clearance aboveand below for proper
air flow. Ventilation is highly recommended if mounted in an enclosure.
Installation Procedure:
Figure 2-1 Mounting
Step 1: Determination of Installation Location and Heat-dissipation Space
Determination of installation location: The controller shall be installed in a place with sufficient air flow
throughthe radiators of the controller and a minimum clearance of 150 mm from the upper and lower edges
of the controller to ensure natural thermal convection. Please seeFigure 2-1: Mounting

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CAUTION: If the controller is to be installed in an enclosed box, it is important to ensure reliable
heat dissipation through the box.
Figure 2-2 Schematic of wiring diagram
Step 2 ：Connect the system in the order of ❶battery ❷ load ❸PV array in accordance with Figure
2-2,”Schematic Wiring Diagram” and disconnect the system in the reverse order❸❷❶.
CAUTION: While wiring the controller do not close the circuit breaker or fuse and make sure
that the leads of "+" and "-" poles are connected correctly.
CAUTION: A fuse which current is 1.25 to 2 times the rated current of the controller, must
be installed on the battery side with a distance from the battery not greater than 150 mm.
CAUTION: If the controller is to be used in an area with frequent lightning strikes or unattended
area, it must install an external surge arrester.
CAUTION: If an inverter is to be connected to the system, connect the inverter directly to
the battery, not to the load side of the controller.
Step 3：Grounding
Tracer AN series is a common-negative controller, where all the negative terminals of PV array, battery and
load can be grounded simultaneously or any one of them will be grounded. However, according to the
practical application, all the negative terminals

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of PV array, battery and load can also be ungrounded, but the grounding terminal on its shell must be
grounded, which may effectively shield the electromagnetic interference from the outside, and prevent
some electric shock to human body due to the electrification of the shell.
CAUTION: For common-negative system, such as motorhome, it is recommended to use a
common-negative controller; but if in the common- negative system, some common-positive
equipment are used, and the positive electrode is grounded, the controller may be damaged.
Step 4：Connect accessories
Connect the remote temperature sensor cable
Temperature Sensor
Remote Temperature Sensor Cable
(Optional)
（
Model:RT-MF58R47K3.81A
） （
Model:RTS300R47K3.81A
）
Connect the remote temperature sensor cable to the interface ②and place the other end close to the
battery.
CAUTION: If the remote temperature sensor is not connected to the controller,, the default
setting for battery charging or discharging temperature is 25 °C without temperature
compensation.
Connect the accessories for RS485 communication Refer to
chaper3.3 “Setting”
CAUTION: RS485 communication port’s internal circuit has no isolation design, so a
communication isolator is recommended to connect to the interface before communicating.
Step 5：Powered on the controller
Closing the battery fuse will switch on the controller. Then check the status of the battery indicator (the
controller is operating normally when the indicator is lit in green). Close the fuse and circuit breaker of the
load and PV array. Then the system will be operating in the preprogrammed mode.
CAUTION: If the controller is not operating properly or the battery indicator on the controller
shows an abnormality, please refer to 4.2 “Troubleshooting”.

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3. Operation
3.1 Button
Mode
Note
Load ON/OFF
In load manual mode, it can turn the load On/Off via the
“ENTER” button.
Clear Fault
Press the “ENTER” button.
Browsing Mode
Press the “SELECT” button.
Setting Mode
Press the “ENTER” button. and hold on 5s to enter the setting mode
Press the “SELECT” button. to set the parameters,
Press the “ENTER” button. to confirm the setting parameters or no operation for
10s, it will exit the setting interface automatically.
3.2 Interface
1) Status Description
Item
Icon
Status
PV array
Day

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Night
No charging
Charging
PV Voltage, Current, Power
Battery
Battery capacity, In Charging
Battery Voltage, Current, Temperature
Battery Type
Load
Load ON
Load OFF
Current/Consumed energy/Load mode
2) Fault Indication
Status
Icon
Description
Battery over
discharged
Battery level shows empty, battery frame blink, fault icon blink
Battery over
voltage
Battery level shows full, battery frame blink, fault icon blink
Battery over
temperature
Battery level shows current value, battery frame blink, fault
icon blink
Load failure
Load overload①,Load short circuit
①When load current reaches1.02-1.05 times 1.05-1.25 times, 1.25-1.35 times and 1.35-1.5 times more
than nominal value, controller will automatically turn off loads in 50s, 30s,10s and 2s respectively.

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3) Browse interface
3.3 Setting
1) Clear the generated energy
Operation:
Step 1: Press the “ENTER” button and hold 5s under the PV generated energy interface and the value will be
flashing.
Step 2: Press the “ENTER” button to clear the generated energy..
2) Switch the battery temperature unit
Press the “ENTER” button and hold 5s under the battery temperature interface.
3) Battery type
①Battery type

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Item
Lead-acid battery
Lithium battery
1
Sealed(default)
LiFePO4(4s/12V; 8s/24V)
2
Gel
Li(NiCoMn)O2(3s/12V; 6s/24V)
3
Flooded
User(9～34V)
4
User(9～17V/12V; 18～34V/24V)
CAUTION: When the default battery type is selected, the battery voltage control parameters
will be set by default and can’t be changed. To change these parameters, select "User"
battery type.
Operation:
Step1: Press the “ENTER” button and hold 5s under the battery voltage interface.
Step2: Press the “SELECT” button when the battery type interface is flashing.
Step3: Press the “ENTER” button to confirm the battery type.
CAUTION：Please refer to chapter③ for the battery control voltage, when the battery type
is User.
②Battery Voltage Control Parameters
Below parameters are in 12V system at 25 ºC, please double the values in 24V system
Battery type
Voltage
Sealed
Gel
Flooded
User
Over Voltage Disconnect Voltage
16.0V
16.0V
16.0V
9～17V
Charging Limit Voltage
15.0V
15.0V
15.0V
9～17V
Over Voltage Reconnect Voltage
15.0V
15.0V
15.0V
9～17V
Equalize Charging Voltage
14.6V
——
14.8V
9～17V
Boost Charging Voltage
14.4V
14.2V
14.6V
9～17V
Float Charging Voltage
13.8V
13.8V
13.8V
9～17V
Boost Reconnect Charging Voltage
13.2V
13.2V
13.2V
9～17V
Low Voltage Reconnect Voltage
12.6V
12.6V
12.6V
9～17V
Under Voltage Warning
Reconnect Voltage
12.2V
12.2V
12.2V
9～17V
Under Voltage Warning
Voltage
12.0V
12.0V
12.0V
9～17V
Low Voltage Disconnect
Voltage
11.1V
11.1V
11.1V
9～17V
Discharging Limit Voltage
10.6V
10.6V
10.6V
9～17V
Equalize Duration
120 min
——
120 min
0～180 min
Boost Duration
120 min
120 min
120 min
10～180 min