Fluke 8840A User manual

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For the benefit and convenience of its customers,Fluke Corporation
(Fluke) has reproduced this copy of a manual which is no longer in
production. This manual has not been edited or updated since the
revision date shown on the lower left hand corner of the first page.
Fluke will not be liable for any claims, losses or damages of any
kind incurred by any user arising from use of this manual.
FLUKE.
DigitalMultimeter
Instruction Manual
PN 879304
December 1991 Rev. 3, 5/97
O 1991, 1994,1997 Fluke Corporation. All rights resewed. Printed in U.S.A.
All product names are trademarks of their respective companies.
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LIMITEDWARRANTY & LIMITATION OF LIABILITY
Each Fluke product is warranted to be free from defects in material and workrnanship under normaluse and service.
The warranty period is oneyear and begins on the date of shipment. Parts, product repairs and services are warranted
for 90 days. This warranty extends only to the original buyer or end-user customer of a Fluke authorizedreseller,and
doesnot apply to fuses, disposable batteriesor toany product which, in Fluke's opinion, has been misused, altered,
neglected or damaged by accident or abnormalconditionsof operation or handling. Fluke warrants that softwarewill
operate substantially in accordance with its functional specificationsfor 90days and that it has been properly recorded
on non-defective media. Fluke does not warrant that softwarewillbe errorfree or operate without interruption.
Fluke authorizedresellers shall extendthis warranty on new and unused productsto end-usercustomersonly but have
no authorityto extend a greater or different warranty on behalf of Fluke. Warranty support
is available if produce is
purchased through a Fluke authorized salesoutlet or Buyer has paid the applicableinternationalprice. Fluke reserves
the right to invoice Buyer for importation costs of repairlreplacement parts when product purchased in one country is
submitted forrepair in another country.
Fluke's warranty obligation islimited,at Fluke's option, to refund of the purchaseprice, free of chargerepair, or
replacement of a defective product which is returned to a Fluke authorizedservice centerwithin the warranty period.
Toobtain warranty service, contactyour nearestFluke authorizedservicecenter or send the product, with a description
of the difficulty,postage and insuranceprepaid (FOB Destination),to the nearest Fluke authorizedservicecenter.
Fluke assumesno risk for damage in transit. Following warranty repair, the product will be returned to Buyer,
transportation prepaid (FOB Destination). If Flukedetermines that the failure was causedby misuse, alteration,
accidentor abnormal condition of operation or handling, Fluke will provide an estimate of repair costs and obtain
authorization before commencingthe work. Following repair, the product will be returnedto the Buyer transportation
prepaid and the Buyer will be billed for the repair and return transportation charges (FOB ShippingPoint).
THIS WARRANTY IS BUYER'S SOLEAND EXCLUSIVEREMEDY AND IS
IN LIEU OF ALL OTHER
WARRANTIES,EXPRESS OR IMPLIED,INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITEDTO ANY IMPLIEDWARRANTY
OFMERCHANTABILITYOR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULARPURPOSE.
FLUKE SHALL NOT BE LIABLE
FOR ANY SPECIAL,INDIRECT,INCIDENTALOR CONSEQUENTIALDAMAGES OR LOSSES, INCLUDING
LOSS OFDATA, WHETHER ARISING FROM BREACH OF
WARRANTY OR BASED ON CONTRACT, TORT,
RELLANCE OR ANY OTHER THEORY.
Since somecountries or states do not allow limitationof the term of an implied warranty, or exclusionor limitationof
incidental orconsequential damages,the limitations and exclusionsof this warranty may not apply to every buyer. If
any provision of this Warranty is held invalidor unenforceableby
a court of competentjurisdiction, such holding will
not affectthe validityor enforceabilityof any other provision.
Fluke Corporation
P.O. Box 9090
Everett WA
98206-9090
Fluke Europe
B .V .
P.O. Box 1 186
5602 B.D. Eindhoven
The Netherlands
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MULTIMETER SAFETY
The Fluke 8840A Digital Multimeter has been designed and tested according to IEC Publication 348. Safety
Requirements for Electronic Measuring Apparatus. This manual contains information and warnings which must be
followedto ensure safe operationandretainthe meter insafe condition.
Useof this equipment ina manner not specifiedhere in may impairthe protectionprovidedbythe equipment.
Some commoninternationalielectricalsymbols used inthis manual are shown below.
OFF (power)
, 0 . SWITCH POSITION
4
I
I -- I DC-DIRECTCURRENT
I A
-
1 1 EITHER DC OR AC I
ON (power)
SWITCH POSITION
DANGEROUS
VOLTAGE
I
i
- -
AC-ALTERNATING
CURRENT
EARTHGROUND
I
h
SEE EXPLANATION
IN MANUAL
SEE MANUAL FOR
FUSE REPLACEMENT
INFORMATION
I
Before usingthe meter, read the following safety informationcarefully. Inthis manual, 'WARNING," is reservedfor
conditionsand actions that pose hazard (s)to the user;
"CAUTION," is reservedfor conditionsand actionsthat may
damageyour meter.
Avoid working alone.
Follow all safety proceduresfor equipment beingtested.
Inspectthe test leadsfordamagedinsulationorexposedmetal.Checktest leadcontinuity.Damagedleadsshould
be replaced.
Be surethe meter isingoodoperationcondition.
Selectthe properfunctionfor your measurement.
To avoidelectricalshock, use caution when working above
60V dc or 25V ad RMS.
Disconnectthe livetest leadbeforedisconnectionthe commontest lead.
Disconnect the poweranddischarge high-voltagecapacitorsbeforetesting in
kn.
When makinga current measurement,turn the circuit poweroff beforeconnectingthe meter inthe circuit.
Check meterfuses beforemeasuringtransformersecondary or motorwinding current. (See Section 6, "MAIINTE-
NANCE.") An open fuse may allow highvoltage build-up,which ispotentially hazardous.
Use clamp-onprobeswhen measuringcircuitsexceeding
2 amps.
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SECTION GUIDE
.......
Introduction and Specifications
Operating Instructions ................
rn
................
Remote Programming
Measurement Tutorial ................
F!
Theory of Operation ...................
Maintenance ......................... rn
..............
List of Replaceable Parts i!a
Options and Accessories .............. El
Schematic Diagrams ..................
.El
Index
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SECTION
Table of Contents
TITLE
PAGE
1
Introduction and Specifications .................................................. 1-1
1.1 . INTRODUCTION 1-1
..........................................................
1.2 . THE 8840A DIGITAL MULTIMETER ..................................... 1-1
1.3
. OPTIONS AND ACCESSORIES ............................................. 1-1
1.4
. SPECIFICATIONS 1-1
.........................................................
Operating Instructions ........................................................... 2-1
INTRODUCTION .......................................................... 2-1
INSTUTiON .......................................................... 2-1
Installing the Power-Line Fuse ............................................
2-1
Connecting to Line Power ................................................
2-1
Adjusting the Handle .................................................... 2-1
Rack Mounting Kits ..................................................... 2-1
OPERATING FEATURES .................................................. 2-2
Power-Up Features .............................................:......... 2-2
Front and Rear Panel Features ............................................ 2-2
Display.Features ........................................................ 2-3
Error Messages ......................................................... 2-3
Overrange Indication ..................................................... 2-3
Diagnostic Self-Tests .................................................... 2-7
...............................................................
Ranging 2-7
AUTORANGE ....................................................... 2-7
MANUAL RANGE ................................................... 2-7
Triggering .............................................................. 2-7
CONTINUOUS TRIGGER MODE ...................................... 2-7
EXTERNAL TRIGGER MODE ......................................... 2-7
Reading Rates and Noise Rejection ........................................
2-9
Automatic Settling Time Delay ............................................ 2-9
External Trigger Input (Option -05 Only) ................................... 2-9
Sample Complete Output (Option -05 Only) ................................ 2-9
MAKING MEASUREMENTS ............................................... 2-9
Input Overload Protection Limits ..........................................
2-9
Measuring Voltage and Resistance ......................................... 2-10
Measuring Current ....................................................... 2-10
Current Fuse Protection .................................................. 2-10
Offset Measurements ..................................................... 2-10
EXTERNAL CLEANING ................................................... 2-11
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Table of Contents
SECTION TITLE PA&
3 Remote Programming .......................................................... 3-1
INTRODUCI'ION .......................................................... 3-
CAPABILITIES
........................................................... 3-
BUS SET-UP PROCEDURE ................................................ 3-
AN OVERVIEW OF REMOTE OPERATION ................................. 3-
A NOTE ABOUT EXAMPLES
.............................................. 3-
DEVICE-DEPENDENT COMMAND SET
..................................... 3-
Bn (Offset Gommands)
................................................... 3
Cn (Calibration Commands)
...............................................
Dn (Display Commands) .................................................
Fn (Function Commands) .................................................
Get Commands ......................................................... 3-4
GO (Get Instrument Configuration)
......................................... 3-6
G1 (Get SRQ Mask) .................................................... 3-6
G2 (Get Calibration Prompt)
.............................................. 3-6
G3 (Get User-Defined Message) ........................................... 3-9
G4 (Get Calibration Status)
............................................... 3-
G5 (Get
IAB Status) .................................................... 3-
G6 (Get
YW Status) .................................................... 3-
G7 (Get Error Status)
.................................................... 3-
G8 (Get Instrument identification)
......................................... 3-
N (Numeric Entry Command)
............................................. 3-
Put Commands .......................................................... 3-10
PO (Put Instrument Configuration) ......................................... 3-10
P1 (Put SRQ Mask)
..................................................... 3-10
P2 (Put Calibration Value) ...............................................
3-10
P3 @t User-Defined Message)
........................................... 3-12
Sn (Reading Rate Commands)
............................................
3-12
Tn (Trigger Mode Commands) ............................................ 3-12
Wn (Terminator Commands)
.............................................. 3-12
XO
(Clear Error Register Command) ....................................... 3-12
.................................................. Yn (Suffix Commands) 3-12
ZO (Self-Test Command) ................................................. 3-14
............................................... * mevice-Clear Command) 3-14
.............................................. ? (Single-Trigger Command) 3-14
INPUT SYNTAX
.......................................................... 3-14
............................................................. Definitions 3-14
Input Processing
........................................................ 3-14
Syntax Rules
........................................................... 3-15
..........................................................
OUTPUT DATA 3-17
.................................................... Loading Output Data 3-13
................................................... Types of Output Data 3-17
......................................... Numeric Data and Error Messages 3-17
MEASUREMENT DATA
.............................................. 3-17
...........................................
OVERRANGE INDICATION 3-17
..................................................
ERROR MESSAGES 3-17
Status Data
............................................................. 3-18
Output Priority
.......................................................... 3-l$
SERVICE REQUESTS
..................................................... 3-18
.................................................. The Serial Poll Register 3-18
......................................................... The SRQ Mask 3-19
..................................................
INTERFACE MESSAGES 3-19
Address Messages
....................................................... 3-2b
.................................................... Universal Commands 3-24)
....................................................
Addressed Commands 3-28
...................................................... TALK-ONLY MODE 3-20
..................................................
REMOTE CALIBRATION 3-20
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Table of Contents
SECTION
TITLE
PAGE
3.58 . TIMING CONSIDERATIONS ............................................... 3-21
3.59
. IMMEDIATE MODE COMMANDS .......................................... 3-21
3-60
. EXAMPLE PROGRAMS ................................................... 3-21
4 Measurement Tutorial ........................................................... 4-1
4.1 . INTRODUCTION .......................................................... 4-1
4.2
. DC VOLTAGE MEASUREMENT ........................................... 4-1
4.3
. Circuit Loading Error .................................................... 4-1
4.4
. Input Bias Current Error ................................................. 4-1
4.5
. RESISTANCE MEASUREMENT ............................................ 4-2
4.6
. 2-Wire Ohms ........................................................... 4-2
4.7
.
Correcting for Test Lead Resistance in 2-Wire Ohms ........................ 4-2
4.8
. 4-Wire Ohms ........................................................... 4-3
4.9
. Applications of the Ohms Functions ....................................... 4-3
4.10
. TESTING DIODES ................................................... 4-4
4.11
. TESTING ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITORS .............................. 4-4
4.12
. A PRECISION CURRENT SOURCE .................................... 4-5
4.13
. DC CURRENT MEASUREMENT ........................................... 4-6
4.14
. REDUCING THERMAL VOLTAGES ........................................ 4-6
4.15
. AC VOLTAGE AND CURRENT MEASUREMENT ............................ 4-6
4.16
. True RMS Measurement ................................................. 4-6
4.17
. Waveform Comparison ................................................... 4-6
4.18
. Crest Factor ............................................................ 4-6
4.19
. AC-Coupled AC Measurements ............................................ 4-7
4.20
. Combined AC and DC Measurements ...................................... 4-9
4-2
1 . Bandwidth ............................................................. 4-9
4.22
. Zero-Input VAC Error ................................................... 4-9
5
Theory of Operation ............................................................. 5-1
.
........................................................
5.1 . INTRODUCTION ; 5-1
5.2
. OVERALL FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION .................................... 5-1
5.3
. DETAILED CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION ........................................ 5-1
5.4
. DC SCALING ............................................................ 5-1
5.5
. VDC Scaling ........................................................... 5-1
5.6
. VDC Protection ......................................................... 5-4
5.7
. m.4 DC Scaling ......................................................... 5-4
5.8
. Analog Filter ........................................................... 5-4
5.9
. TRACWHOLD CIRCUIT ................................................... 54
.....................................................
5.10 . Trackconfiguration 5-4
5.11
. Settling Configuration .................................................... 5-4
5.12
. Hold Configuration ...................................................... 5-4
5.13
. Pre-Charge Configuration ................................................. 5-4
5.14
. PRECISION VOLTAGE REFERENCE ....................................... 5-4
5.15
. OHMS CURRENT SOURCE ................................................ 5-5
5.16
. OHMS PROTECTION ..................................................... 5-5
5.17
. OHMS FUNCTIONS ....................................................... 5-8
5.18
. 2-Wire Ohms ........................................................... 5-8
5.19
. 4-Wire Ohms ........................................................... 5-8
5.20
. A/D CONVERTER ........................................................ 5-9
5.21
. TirninglData Control ..................................................... 5-11
5.22
. Precision DAC .......................................................... 5-12
5.23
. AD Amplifier .......................................................... 5-12
5.24
. Bootstrap Supplies ....................................................... 5-12
5.25
. DISPLAY 5-12
................................................................
.
5.26 KEYBOARD 5-13
..............................................................
5.27 . DIGITAL CONTROLLER .................................................. 5-13
iii
J
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Table of Contents
I
SECTION
TITLE PAqE
In-Guard Microcomputer .................................................. 5-10
Function and Range Control .............................................. 5-15
AD Control and Computation ............................................ 5-15
Calibration Correction .................................................... 5-16
KeyboardDilay Control .................................................' 5-15
Troubleshooting Modes ................................................... 5-15
Guard-Crossing Communication ............................................ 5-15
GUARD CROSSING ....................................................... 5-15
POWER SUPPLY ......................................................... 5-1P
IEEE-488 INTERFACE (OPTION -05) ....................................... 5-18
Out-Guard
Microcomputer ................................................ 5-18
Guard Crossing ......................................................... 5-18
Bus Interface Circuitry ................................................... 5-18
Signal Conditioning ...................................................... 5-18
IEEE-488 Interface Power Supply .......................................... 5-19
TRUE RMS AC (OPTION -09) .............................................
5-18
VAC Scaling ........................................................... 5-19
mA AC Scaling ......................................................... 5-19
Frequency Response Trimming ............................................ 5-19
True RMS AC-to-DC Conversion .......................................... 5-18
6 Maintenance .................................................................... 6-1
6.1 . INTRODUCTION .......................................................... 6-1
....................................................
6-2 PERFORMANCE TEST 6-1
6-3
. Diagnostic Self-Tests ..................................................... 6-1
6-4
. DC Voltage Test ........................................................ 6-1
6-5
. AC Voltage Test (Option -09 Only) ....................................... 6.3,
6-6
. Resistance Test ......................................................... 6-4
6.7
. DC Current Test ........................................................ 6-5'
6-8
. AC Current Test (Option -09 Only) ....................................... 6-6
. 6-9 CALIBRATION ........................................................... 6.6,
6-10
. Basic Calibration Procedure ............................................... 6-61
6-11
. INITIAL PROCEDURE ................................................ 6-7
6-12
. \ A/D CALlBRAnON .................................................. 6-7
6.13
. OFFSET AND GAIN CALIBRATION ................................... 6-7
6-14
. HIGH-FREQUENCY AC CALIBRATION ................................ 6-9
6.15
. Advanced Features and Special Considerations ............................... 6-10
6.16
. STORING VARIABLE INPUTS ........................................ 6-19
6-17
. CALIBRATING INDMDUAL RANGES ................................. 6-10
6-18
. VERIFYING CAJJBRATION ........................................... 6-1 ;1
6-19 . ERASING CALIBRATION MEMORY ................................... 6-lp
6-20 . TOLERANCE CHECK ................................................ 6-12
6-21
.
AC CALIBRATION AT OTHER FREQUENCIES .........................
6-22 . OPTIMIZING USE OF THE 5450A ..................................... 6-1
6-23
.
3
Remote Calibration ...................................................... 6-13
6-24
. TIMING CONSIDERATIONS .......................................... 6-l$
6.25
. REMOTE ERASURE .................................................. 6-15
6-26 . EXAMPLE CALIBRATION PROGRAM ................................. 6-16
.
6-27 DISASSEMBLY PROCEDURE .............................................. 6-16
6-28
. Case Removal .......................................................... 6-17
.
6-29 True RMS AC PCA Removal (Option -09) ................................. 6-lj
.
6.30 IEEE-488 Interface PCA Removal (Option -05 Only) ......................... 6-17
6-31
. Main PCA Removal ..................................................... 6-17
.
6-32 Front Panel Disassembly ................................................. 6-22
.
6.33 REASSEMBLY PROCEDURE ............................................... 6-2E
.
6.34 INTERNAL FUSE REPLACEMENT ......................................... 6-2k
.
6.35 EXTERNAL TRIGGER POLARITY SELECI1ON (Option -05 Only) ............. 6-25
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Table of Contents
SECTlON TITLE PAGE
6.35 .
EXTERNAL TRIGGER POLARITY SELECTION (Option -05 Only) ..................... 6-25
6.36
. TROUBLESHOOTING .............................................................. 6-25
6.37
. Initial Troubleshooting Procedure .................................................. 6-25
6.38
. Diagnostic Self-Tests ............................................................. 6-29
6.39
. Self-Test Descriptions ............................................................ 6-29
6-40
. Digital Controller Troubleshooting ................................................. 6-31
6-41
. IN-GUARD MICROCOMPUTER SYSTEM ...................................... 6-31
6-42
. In-Guard Microcomputer .................................................... 6-32
6.43
. Address Latch (U219) ...................................................... 6-33
6.44
. External Program Memory (XU222) .......................................... 6-33
6-45
. Calibration Memory (U220) ................................................. 6-33
6.46
. Relay Buffer (U201) ........................................................ 6-33
6-47
. 3-to-8 Chip Select Decoder (U208) ........................................... 6-34
6.48
. DISPLAY SYSTEM ........................................................... 6-34
6-49
. Display Control (U212) ..................................................... 6-34
6.50
. 8-Bit Digit Driver (U215) ................................................... 6-34
6.51
. 3-to-8 Strobe Decoder (U213) ............................................... 6-34
6.52
. 8-Bit Segment Driver (U217) ................................................ 6-34
6.53
. 4-to-7 Segment Decoder (U216) .............................................. 6-34
6.54
. 8-Bit Digit Driver (U218) ................................................... 6-34
6.55
. Hex Inverter (U203) ........................................................ 6-34
6.56 . Hex Inverter (U221) ........................................................ 6-34
6.57
. Quad OR Gate ('211) ..................................................... 6-35
6.58
. Keyboard Wiring ............................................................ 6-35
6.59
. ANALOG CONTROL SIGNALS ............................................... 6-35
6.60
. Evaluating Static Signals .................................................... 6-36
6.61
. Evaluating Dynamic Signals ................................................. 6-36
6.62
. DC Scaling Troubleshooting ...................................................... 6-38
6.63
. TracIdHold Troubleshooting ....................................................... 6-38
6.64
. Ohms Current Source Troubleshooting .............................................. 6-39
6.65
. Precision Voltage Reference Troubleshooting ........................................ 6-39
6.66
. AP Converter Troubleshooting .................................................... 641
6.67
. Power Supply Troubleshooting .................................................... 642
6.68
. IEEE-488 Interface Troubleshooting (Option -05) .................................... 6-44
6.69
. SERVICE POSITION ......................................................... 6-44
6.70
. DIAGNOSTIC PROGRAM ..................................................... 6-45
6.71
. True RMS AC Troubleshooting (Option .09) ........................................ 646
6.72
. SERVICE POSITION ......................................................... 646
6.73
. MAJOR PROBLEMS .......................................................... 6-46
6.74
. MORE OBSCURE PROBLEMS ................................................ 648
6.75
. Guard Crossing Troubleshooting ................................................... 6-48
6.76
. INTERNAL CLEANING ............................................................ 6-48
6.77
. Cleanhg Printed Circuit Assemblies ................................................ 6-48
6.78
. Cleaning After Soldering ......................................................... 649
7 List of Replaceable Parts ................................................................ 7-1
7.1 . INTRODUCTION 7-2
..................................................................
.
7.2 HOW TO OBTAIN PARTS ......................................................... 7-2
. 7.3 MANUAL STATUS INFORMATION ................................................. 7-2
7-4 . NEWER INSTRUMENTS ........................................................... 7-2
7.5
. SERVICE CENTERS 7-2
...............................................................
8
Options and Accessories ................................................................ 8-1
.
8.1 INTRODUCTION 8-1
..................................................................
.
8.2 ACCESSORIES 8-1
....................................................................
8.3 . Rack-Mount Kits (Y8834, Y8835 and Y8836) ....................................... 8-1
8.4 .
Shielded IEEE-488 Interface Cables (Y8021. Y8022. and Y8023) ...................... 8-1
v
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Table of Contents I I
SECTION
805
809
9
INDEX
Replacement Test Leads (TL7OA) .......................................... 8-1
Deluxe Test
Lead Kits (Y8134) ........................................... 8-1
Slim-Flex Test Leads (Y8140) ............................................ 8-1
Temperature
Probes (80T-150U and 80TK) .................................. 8-1
RF Probes (85RF and 83RF) ............................................. 8-2
Current Shunt (805.10)
................................................... 8-2
Current
Probes (Y8100, Y8101. 80i-400 and 80i-600) ........................ 8-2
High Voltage Probes @OK-6 and 80K-40) .................................. 8-2
Option 95 IEEE-488 Interface ................................................. 80b1
Option -09 True RMS AC ..................................................... -1
Schematic Diagrams ............................................................ 9-1
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List of lllustratilons
FIGURE TITLE PAGE
1.1 . External Dimensions ................................................................. 1-7
2.1
. Line Voltage Selection Settings ........................................................ 2-2
2.2 . Adjusting the
Handle ................................................................ 2-2
2.3
. Rack-Mount Kits .................................................................... 2-3
2.4 . Installing the Single Rack Mount Kit
.................................................. 2-3
2.5
. Front Panel Features ................................................................. 2-4
2.6 . Rear Panel Features
................................................................. 2-6
2.7 . Typical Error Message
............................................................... 2-7
2.8
. Overrange Indication ................................................................. 2-9
2.9 . Measuring Voltage
and Resistance ..................................................... 2-11
2.10
. Measuring Current ................................................................... 2-11
3.1
. IEEE-488 Address Seiection .......................................................... 3-2
3.2
. Remote Operation Block Diagram ..................................................... 3-3
3.3 . Typical Command String
............................................................. 34
3.4
. Commands Which Correspond to the Front Panel ........................................ 3-5
3.5 . Device-Dependent Command Set
...................................................... 3-6
3.6
. Output Data Format ................................................................. 3-8
3.7
. Trigger Selection Logic Diagram ...................................................... 3-13
3.8 . Interpretation of Messages
............................................................ 3-16
3.9
. Serial Poll Register .................................................................. 3-19
3.10 . Example Program: Taking 10 Readings
.................................................
3-22
3.11
. Example Program: Taking Readings with Local Control ..................................
3-23
3.12 . Example Program: Using the Serial Poll Register
........................................
3-24
3.13
. Example Program: Record Errors During Selftest ........................................ 3-25
3.14
. Example Programs: Using the IBM PC ................................................ 3-26
4.1
. Circuit Loading Error Calculation ...................................................... 4-2
4.2
. Measuring Input Bias Current Error .................................................... 4-3
4.3
. 2-Wire Ohms Measurement ........................................................... 4-4
4.4 . 4-Wire Ohms Measurement ........................................................... 4-5
4.5 . Burden Voltage Error Calculation
...................................................... 4-7
4.6 . Waveform Comparison
Chart ......................................................... 4-8
4.7
. Typical Crest Factors for Various Waveforms ........................................... 4-9
4-8 . Combined AC and DC Measurement ................................................... 4-9
4.9
. Reduction of Zero-Input Error ........................................................ 4-10
5.1
. Overall Functional Block Diagram ..................................................... 5-2
5.2
. DC Scaling (VDC and rnA DC) ...................................................... 5-3
.
5.3 TracWHold Amplifier ................................................................ 5-5
5.4
. Track/J3old Circuit Configurations ..................................................... 5-6
5.5
. Timing Diagram for One AD Cycle ................................................... 5-7
5.6
. Precision Voltage Reference .......................................................... 5-8
. 5.7 Ohms Current Source ................................................................ 5-9
5.8 . Ohms Scaling ...................................................................... 5-10
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List of Illustrations
FIGURE
TITLE
I
. 5.9 Analog-to-Digital Converter ........................................................... 5-11
.
5.10 First Remainder-Store Period .......................................................... 5-12
.
5.11 Autozero Period 5-13
.....................................................................
.
5.12 Vacuum Fluorescent Display .......................................................... 5-13
.
5.13 Digital Controller Block Diagram ...................................................... 5-14
.
5.14 Read/Write Timing Diagrams for Internal Bus ........................................... 5-16
.
5.15 Guard Crossing Circuit 5-17
...............................................................
.
5.16 IEEE-488 Interface Block Diagram..................................................... 5-18
.
5.17 True RMS AC Option Block Diagram ................................................. 5-19
.
5.18 True RMS AC-to-DC Converter ....................................................... 5-20
.6.1 Connections for Kelvin-Varley Voltage Divider .......................................... 6-3
. 6.2 First A/D Calibration Prompt 6-7
.........................................................
.6.3 Calibration Functions 6-8
................................................................
.6.4 Optimizing Use of the 5450A......................................................... 6-13
. 6.5 Example A/D Calibration Program ..................................................... 6-16
.6.6 8840A Disassembly .................................................................. 6-18 1
. 6.7 Front Panel Disassembly ............................................................. 6-23
6.8
. Removing the Display Window ....................................................... 6-24 I
.
6.9 U202 Pin Diagram 6-32 ~
..................................................................
.
6.10 Waveforms for In-Guard Troubleshooting Mode .......................................... 6-33
.
6.11 Waveforms for Display Logic ......................................................... 6-35
.
6.12 Typical Dynamic Control Signals ...................................................... 6-38
.
6.13 Typical Output Waveforms for TracWHold Circuit (TP103)................................ 6-40
.6.14 Output of A/D Amplifier (TP101) ..................................................... 6-41
.
6.15 Waveforms at U101-24 and U101-25 .................................................. 6-42
.
6.16 Typical Bus Data Line Waveform ..................................................... 6-43
.
6.17 Waveforms at TP102 for Several Inputs on 2V DV Range ................................ 6-43
.
6.18 Calculating the A/D Reading From 'IF102 Waveform .................................... 6-44
.
6.19 Option -05 Service Position........................................................... 6-45
. 6.20 Option -09 Service Position 6-47
...........................................................
.
6.21 Guard Crossing Test Waveforms ...................................................... 6-49
.
805.1 Installing Option .05 ................................................................. 805-31
.
809.1 Installing Option .09 ................................................................. 809-1
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8840A Digital Multimeter
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Section
Introduction and Specificatio~
INTRODUCTION
This manual provides complete operating instructions and
service information for the MA.
If you wan1 to get
started using your 8840A right away, proceed to the
operatinginstructions in Section
2. If you intend to use the
8840A with the IEEE-488 Interface (Option -05), read
Sections
2 and 3.
1-2. THE 8840A DIGITALMULTIMETER
The Fluke 8840A Digital Multimeter is a high-
performance 5-112 digit instrument designed for general-
purpose bench or systems applications. Features of the
8840A include:
Highly legible vacuum fluorescent display
Intuitively easy front panel operation
1-3. omlots AND ACCESSORIES
A number of options and accegsories are available fc
8840A which can be easily installed at any time.
options include:
IEEE-488 Interface (Optidn -03, featuring:
1
IS
I
the
The
Full programmability
Simple and predictable command set
Fast measurement throughput
External Trigger inpuf connector
Sample Complete output connector
Automated calibration
Low cost
Basic dc accuracy of 0.005% for 1 year
2-wire and 4-wire resistance measurement
DC current measurement
Up to 100 readings per second '
Closed-case calibration (no internal adjustments)
Built-in sdf-tests
True RMS AC (Option -@), featuring:
Accessories include a variety of rack mounting
probes, test leads, and cables. Full information
2
options and accessories can be found in Section 8
AC voltage measurenient
AC current measurement
k
lb
14. SPECIFICATIONS
Specifications for the 8840A are given in Table
External dimensions are shown in Figure 1-1.
.its,
out
1-1.
1-1
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introduction and Specifications
SPECIFICATIONS
Table 1-1. Specifications
DC VOLTAGE
Input Characteristtcs
RESOLUTION
FULLSCALE INPUT
RANGE
5% DIGITS 5% DIGITS 4% DIGITS' RESISTANCE
200 mV
199.999 mV 1 PV 10pV
21 0,000 Mn
2V 1.99999V 10
fl
100pV 210,000 Mn
20V 19.9999V 100pV 1 mV
21 0,000 Mn
200V 199.999V
1 mV 10 mV 10
MQ
1 OOOV 1000.00V 10mV 100 mV 10
Mn
'4% digitsat the fastest reading rate.
Accuracy
NORMAL (S) READING RATE
........... f (% of Reading + Numberof C~unts).~
RANGE
24 HOUR 23f 1 *C1
90 DAY 23H°C
1 YEAR 23&!j0C
0.003 + 34
0.007 + 44 0.008 + 44
0.002
+ 2 0.004
+ 3 0.005 + 3
0.002
+ 2 0.005
+ 3 0.006 + 3
0.002
+ 2 0.005
+ 3 0.006
+ 3
0.003
+ 2 0.005
+ 3 0.007
+ 3
L
Relativetocalibration standards.
Using Offset control.
When infast reading ratewith internaltrigger and transmitting data oqt of the
IEEE-488 ithterface,the 8840A
display mustbeblanked (command Dl) to ensurestatedaccuracy.
When offsetcontrolis not used, the number of counts are
5.7, and Qfor 24 hour, 90 day, and 1 year respeetiv
MEDIUMAND FAST RATES:
............ Inmediumrate,add2countstonumberofcounts. Infastrate
3 counts for the number of counts.
Operating Chamcterktlcs
TEMPERATURE COEFFICIENT .......... <f(0.0006% of Reading + 0.3 Count) per OC from O°C to 1
and28OC toSO0C.
MAXIMUM INPUT
....................... lOOOV dc or peak ac on any range.
.....................
NOISERWECTJON Automaticallyoptimizedat power-upfor
50, 60, or 400 HZ.
READINGS/ PEAK NM
RATE SECOND1 FILTER NMRR2 SIGNAL CMRR3
S
2.5
Analog &
>98 dB
20V or >I40 dB
Digital
2x FS4
M
20
Digital >45 dB
lx FS >I00 dB
F 100
None
-
Ix FS >60 dB
Reading ratewith internaltrigger and
60 Hz power linefrequency. See "Reading Rates" for more deta
NormalModeRejectionRatio,at
50 or60 Hz f 0.1%. TheNMRR for 400 Hz f 0.1% is 8b dB inSrateand 3f
in M rate.
CommonModeRejectionRatioat
50 or 60 HzM.l%, with 1 kn inserieswitheither[email protected]is >14
atdc for all reading rates.
20 volts or 2 times Full Scalewhichever is greater, not to exceed 1000V.
1-2
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Introduction and Specifications
SPECIFICATIONS
Table 1-1. Specifications (cont)
TRUE RMS AC VOLTAGE (OPTION -09)
input Characteristics
RESOLUTION
FULLSCALE INPUT
RANGE
5% DIGITS 5% DIGITS 4% DIGITS* IMPEDANCE
200 mV 199.999 mV IN 10 fl 1 Mi2
2V 1.99999V 10pV 100pV shunted
20V 19.9999V 100pV 1 mV
200v
by
199.999V 1 rnV 10 mV <I00 pF
700V 700.00V 10 mV 100 mV
'4% digitsat the fastest reading rate.
Accuracy
NORMAL (S) READING RATE
. . . . . . . . . . . &(Oh of Reading + Number of Co~nts).~
For sinewave inputs
210,000 counts1.
FREQUENCY (Hz)
24 HOURS2 23f 1 O C 90 DAY 23fS°C 1 YEAR 23fS°C
l Forsinewaveinputsbetween 1,000 and 10.000 counts,addtoNumbergfCounts 100 countsforfrequencies
20 Hzto 20 kHz, 200 counts for 20 kHzto 50 kHz, and 500 countsfor 50 kHz to 100 kHz.
Relativetocalibration standards.
When infast readingrate with internaltrigger
and transmittingdata out of the IEEE-488 interface, the 8840A
display must be blanked (command
Dl) to ensurestatedaccuracy.
MEDIUMAND FAST READINGRATES
... Inmediumrate, add 50 countstonumberof counts. Infast rate
the specifications apply for sinewave inputs
21000 counts and
>I00 Hz.
NONSINUSOIDALINPUTS
.. . .. . . .. . . . . . . For nonsinusoidal inputs 210,000 counts with frequency
components
GI00 kHz, add the following YO of reading to the
accuracy specifications.
FUNDAMENTAL CREST FACTOR
FREQUENCY
1.07-0 1.5 1.5 TO 2.0 2.0 TO 3.0
45
Hz to 20 kHz 0.05 0.15 0.3
20
Hzto 45 Hz and
20 kHz to 50 kHz
0.2 0.7 1.5
Operating Characteristics
MAXIMUM INPUT
. . . . . . . .. . .. . . . . .. . ... . 700V rms, lOOOV peakor2x107Volts-Hertzproduct(whicheveris
less) for any range.
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