Freescale Semiconductor Freedom FRDM-KW24D512 User manual

Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
User’s Guide
© 2015 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All rights reserved.
1 Introduction
This manual describes the Freescale development board,
FRDM-KW24D512, part of the Freescale Freedom
development platform. It has a diverse reference design with
all necessary I/O connections to use as a self-contained
board or for connection to an external application.
The MKW24D512 is a 2.4 GHz Industrial, Scientific, and
Medical (ISM) single-chip device intended for the IEEE®
Std. 802.15.4, including Thread, Zigbee Pro, ZigBee RF4CE
and IPv6/6loWPAN protocols.
The FRDM-KW24D512 contains the MKW24D512
transceiver that is combined with a software stack to
implement an IEEE Std. 802.15.4 platform solutions.
1.1 Audience
This manual is intended for system designers.
Document Number: FRDMKW24DUG
Rev. 0, 10/2015
Contents
1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.1.Audience . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
2. Safety information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
2.1.FCC guidelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
2.2.Regulatory approval for Canada (IC RSS 210) . . . 3
2.3.Electrostatic discharge considerations . . . . . . . . . . 3
2.4.Disposal instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
3. FRDM-KW24D512 overview and description . . . . . 4
3.1.Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3.2.Board features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3.3.Software and driver considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
4. FRDM-KW24D512 development board . . . . . . . . . . 6
4.1.FRDM-KW24D512 board overview . . . . . . . . . . . 6
4.2.Functional description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
4.3.Schematic, board layout, and bill of material . . . 18
5. PCB manufacturing specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
5.1.Single PCB construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
5.2.Panelization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
5.3.Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
5.4.Solder mask . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
5.5.Silk screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
5.6.Electrical PCB testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
5.7.Packaging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
5.8.Hole specification/tool table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
5.9.File description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
6. Revision history . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
FRDM-KW24D512Freescale Freedom
Development Board
User's Guide

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Safety information
2 Safety information
2.1 FCC guidelines
This equipment is for use by developers for evaluation purposes only and must not be incorporated into
any other device or system. Integrators will be responsible for reevaluating the end product (including the
transmitter) and obtaining a separate FCC authorization.
FCC approval of this device only covers the original configuration of this device as supplied. Any
modifications to this product, including changes shown in this manual, may violate the rules of the Federal
Communications Commission and Industry Canada and make operation of the product unlawful.
2.1.1 Labeling
FCC labels are physically located on the back of the board.
2.1.2 Operating conditions
This device complies with part 15 of the FCC rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions:
• This device may not cause harmful interference.
• This device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired
operation.
2.1.3 Exposure limits
This equipment complies with FCC radiation exposure limits set forth for an uncontrolled environment.
The antenna(s) used for this equipment must be installed to provide a separation distance of at least 8
inches (20cm) from all persons.
2.1.4 Antenna restrictions
An intentional radiator is designed to ensure that no antenna other than that furnished by the responsible
party is used with the device. The use of a permanently attached antenna or of an antenna that uses a unique
coupling to the intentional radiator is considered sufficient to comply with the provisions of this Section.
The manufacturer may design the unit so that a broken antenna can be replaced by the user, but the use of
a standard antenna jack or electrical connector is prohibited. This requirement does not apply to carrier
current devices or to devices operated under the provisions of Sections 15.211, 15.213, 15.217, 15.219, or
15.221 of the IEEE Std. 802.15.4. Further, this requirement does not apply to intentional radiators that
must be professionally installed, such as perimeter protection systems and some field disturbance sensors,
or to other intentional radiators which, in accordance with Section 15.31(d) of the IEEE Std. 802.15.4,
must be measured at the installation site. However, the installer is responsible for ensuring that the proper
antenna is employed so that the limits in this Part are not exceeded.

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Safety information
2.2 Regulatory approval for Canada (IC RSS 210)
This equipment complies with Industry Canada licence-exempt RSS standard(s). Operation is subject to
the following two conditions:
1. This board may not cause interference, and
2. This board must accept any interference, including interference that may cause undesired operation
of the device.
2.2.1 26 PART 5 – Appendix
Le présent appareil est conforme aux CNR d'Industrie Canada applicables aux appareils radio exempts de
licence. L'exploitation est autorisée aux deux conditions suivantes:
1. l'appareil ne doit pas produire de brouillage, et
2. l'utilisateur de l'appareil doit accepter tout brouillage radioélectrique subi, même si le brouillage
est susceptible d'en compromettre le fonctionnement.
2.3 Electrostatic discharge considerations
Although damage from electrostatic discharge (ESD) is much less common on these devices than on early
CMOS circuits, normal handling precautions should be used to avoid exposure to static discharge.
Qualification tests are performed to ensure that these devices can withstand exposure to reasonable levels
of static without suffering any permanent damage.
All ESD testing is in conformity with the JESD22 Stress Test Qualification for Commercial Grade
Integrated Circuits. During the device qualification ESD stresses were performed for the human body
model (HBM), the machine model (MM) and the charge device model (CDM).
All latch-up test testing is in conformity with the JESD78 IC Latch-Up Test.
When operating or handling the development boards or components, Freescale strongly recommends
using at least the grounding wrist straps plus any, or all, of the following ESD dissipation methods:
• Flexible fabric, solid fixed size, or disposable ESD wrist straps
• Static control workstations, static control monitors and table or floor static control systems
• Static control packaging and transportation materials and environmental systems
2.4 Disposal instructions
This product may be subject to special disposal requirements. For product disposal instructions, refer to
freescale.com/productdisposal.

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FRDM-KW24D512 overview and description
3 FRDM-KW24D512 overview and description
3.1 Introduction
The FRDM-KW24D512 development board is an evaluation environment based on the Freescale
MKW24D512 transceiver (MKW24).
The MKW24D512 device incorporates a complete low power IEEE Std. 802.15.4 2.4 GHz radio
frequency transceiver and a Kinetis family low-power, mixed-signal ARM®Cortex®-M4 MCU into a
single package.
Freescale supplements the MKW24D512 with tools and software that include hardware evaluation and
development boards, software development IDE and applications, drivers, custom PHY usable with the
Freescale IEEE Std. 802.15.4 compatible MAC.
The FRDM-KW24D development board contains the MKW24D512 device with 32 MHz reference
oscillator crystal, RF circuitry including antenna, 16 Mbit external serial flash, and supporting circuitry in
the popular Freedom form factor. The board is a standalone and supports applications development with
Freescale’s IEEE Std. 802.15.4 protocol stacks and support full speed USB 2.0.
3.2 Board features
3.2.1 FRDM-KW24D512 board
The FRDM-KW24D512 development board is part of the Freescale Freedom development (FRDM)
platform. It has a diverse reference design containing the MKW24D512 device and all necessary I/O
connections to use as a self-contained board or for connection to an external application, and also has the
capability to connect with the Freedom development boards.
Figure 1 shows the FRDM-KW24D512 development board.

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FRDM-KW24D512 overview and description
Figure 1. FRDM-KW24D512 development board
The FRDM-KW24D512 development board includes the following features:
• The Freescale low-power Kinetis MKW24D512 transceiver
• Full IEEE Std. 802.15.4 compliant wireless node; ZigBee and Thread capable
• Reference design area with small footprint, low-cost RF node
— RF circuitry includes a Balun to convert the differential input/output pin of the MKW24D512
transciever to single-ended for on-board signal routing
— Low off-chip component count
— Programmable output power from -35 dBm to +8 dBm at the SMA connector, no trap
— Receiver sensitivity: -102 dBm, typical (@1% PER for 20 byte payload packet)
• Integrated PCB inverted F-type antenna and SMA RF port
• Selectable power sources
• 32 MHz reference oscillator
• 32 kHz clock oscillator
• 2.4 GHz frequency operation (ISM Band)
• External serial flash for over-the-air programming (OTAP) support
• Integrated open-standard serial and debug interface (OpenSDA)
• Cortex 10-pin (0.05 inches) SWD debug port for target MCU
• Cortex 10-pin (0.05 inches) JTAG port for OpenSDA updates
• 1 RGB LED indicator
• 1 Blue LED indicator
• 4 Push button switches

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• FXOS8700 Combo Sensor
Figure 2 shows the main board features and I/O headers for the Freescale FRDM-KW24D512 board.
Figure 2. FRDM-KW24D512 components and I/O headers
3.3 Software and driver considerations
The FRDM-KW24D512 board includes an OpenSDAv2.1, a serial and debug adapter circuit that includes
an open-source bootloader, and debug interface software. It bridges serial and debug communications
between a USB host and an embedded target processor. The hardware circuit is based on the Kinetis K20
family. More information is provided in the following document:
• USBKW24D512 Quick Start Guide, found at the Freescale website under “Downloads”
(FRDM-KW24D512)
For additional information about our 2.4 GHz Kinetis family platforms, refer to the following:
• Freescale.com/wireless
• FRDM-OSDAUG - OpenSDA User’s Guide (OPENSDAUG)
•KW2x on freescale.com
4 FRDM-KW24D512 development board
4.1 FRDM-KW24D512 board overview
The FRDM-KW24D512 is an evaluation board based on the Freescale MKW24D512 transceiver. The
FRDM-KW24D512 board provides a platform to evaluate the MKW24D512 transceiver, develop
External flash
memory
J1 I/O header
Combo sensor
RGB LED
J2 I/O header
OpenLink debug
SW 1 - 2
OpenLink USB
Printed F
antenna
J4 I/O header
MKW24D512
32 kHz Crystal
KW24 SWD
J3 I/O header
Reset
SW 3 - 4
KW24 USB

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FRDM-KW24D512 development board
software, and applications. The core device is accompanied by a 32 MHz reference oscillator crystal, RF
circuitry including antenna, and supporting circuitry.
The FRDM-KW24D512 board is intended as the core PCB for MKW24D512 transceiver evaluation and
application development, and can be used in the following modes:
• Simple standalone evaluation platform
• Daughter card to other development platform boards (Freedom development platform)
• Mother card to an application specific daughter card such as a shield card
4.1.1 PCB features
The FRDM-KW24D512 board provides the following features:
• The Freescale Freedom development platform form factor
• 4-Layer metal, 0.062 inch thick FR4 board
• LGA footprint and power supply bypass
• Printed metal F-Antenna and footprint for installing a (user supplied) SMA connector
• 32 MHz reference oscillator crystal
• 32.768 kHz crystal provided for optional timing oscillator
• Standard FRDM card mounting interface
• External serial flash for OTAP support
• Combo sensor, 6-axis sensor with integrated linear accelerometer and magnetometer
4.1.2 Form factor
Figure 3 shows the FRDM-KW24D512 board’s connector and header locations.

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Figure 3. FRDM-KW24D512 board’s connector and header location
Figure 4 shows a footprint of the FRDM-KW24D512 board with the location of the IO headers. The
parameters of these headers are as follows:
• J1, J2, J3 and J4:
— Headers have standard 0.1 inch / 2.54 mm pin spacing
— J1 and J3 are 16-pin
— J2 is 20-pin
— J4 is 12-pin
— Pin headers are mounted on the top side of the FRDM-KW24D512 and are intended to plug
into matching receptacles on the Freescale Freedom Platform board
• J36, J37, J38, J39, J41, and J42:
— Headers have standard 0.1 in / 2.54 mm pin spacing
— All headers are 2x2 pin
— J36 and J37 are adjacent to allow UART0 data direction to be reversed by altering the
orientation of the shunt
— J38 and J39 are adjacent to allow SPI0 data direction to be reversed by altering the orientation
of the shunt
— J40 and J41 are adjacent to allow UART1 data direction to be reversed by altering the
orientation of the shunt

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Figure 4. FRDM-KW24D512 board top side (component side) footprint
4.1.3 Board level specifications
Table 1. FRDM-KW24D512 board specifications
Parameter Min Typ Max Units Notes/Conditions
General
Size (PCB: X, Y) — — 81.2x53.3
3.20x2.10
mm
inches
—
Layer build (PCB) — 1.57
0.062
—mm
inches
4-Layer
Dielectric material (PCB) — — — — FR4
Power
Current consumption — — —mA Varies with operational mode, see
datasheet.
Temperature
Operating temperature (see note) -40 +25 +70 °C Operating temperature is limited to +70 °C
due to switches. Basic circuit is good for a
maximum temperature of +85 °C.
Storage temperature -30 +25 +70 °C —

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FRDM-KW24D512 development board
4.2 Functional description
The FRDM-KW24D512 board is built around the Freescale MKW24D512 transceiver in a 63-pin (56-pin
usable) LGA package. The MKW24D512 device features a IEEE Std. 802.15.4 radio frequency
transceiver and a Kinetis family low-power, mixed-signal ARM Cortex-M4 MCU in a single package. The
RF
802.15.4 frequency range 2405 — 2480 MHz All 16 channels in the 2450 MHz band
Operation frequency 2360 — 2480 MHz —
RF Receiver
Saturation (maximum input level) — +0 — dBm Refer to data sheet
Sensitivity for 1% packet error rate
(PER) (+25 °C) 802.15.4
— -102 — dBm Refer to data sheet
RF Transmitter
RF Power Output -35 — +8 dBm Programmable in steps. At the antenna feed
with no harmonic trap. 1
2nd harmonic — ≤40 ≤35 dBm Refer to data sheet
3rd harmonic — ≤40 ≤35 dBm Refer to data sheet
Regulatory Approval
FCC — — — — Product is approved according to the FCC
part 15 standard
CE (ETSI) — — — — Product is approved according to the EN
300 328 V1.7.1 (2006-10) standard
CE (EMC) — — — — Product is approved according to the EN
301 489-1 V1.6.1 (2005-09) and EN 301
489-17 V1.2.1 (2002-08) standards
Safety
UL — — — — Product is approved according to the IEC
60950-1 and EN 60950-1, First Edition
standards
Environment
RoHS — — — — Product complies with the EU Directive
2002/95/EC of 27 January 2003
WEEE — — — — Product complies with the EU Directive
2002/95/EC of 27 January 2003
1Harmonic trap will add 1 to 2 dB of loss.
Table 1. FRDM-KW24D512 board specifications (continued)
Parameter Min Typ Max Units Notes/Conditions

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FRDM-KW24D512 development board
FRDM-KW24D board is intended as an evaluation platform and as a building block for application
development. The four-layer board provides the MKW24D512 transceiver with the required RF circuitry,
32 MHz reference oscillator crystal, and power supply bypassing. The layout for this base level
functionality can be used as a reference layout for your target board. Figure 5 shows a simple block
diagram.
Figure 5. FRDM-KW24D512 block diagram
4.2.1 RF performance and considerations
The FRDM-KW24D512 development board includes a 1 mW nominal output PA with internal voltage
controlled oscillator (VCO), integrated transmit/receive switch, on-board power supply regulation, and
full spread-spectrum encoding and decoding. Key specifications for the MKW24D512 transceiver are:
• Programmable output power from -35 dBm to +8 dBm at the SMA, no harmonic trap
• Typical sensitivity is -102 dBm (@1% PER for 20 byte payload packet)
• Frequency range is 2360 to 2480 MHz
• Differential bidirectional RF input/output port with integrated transmit/receive switch
• “F” printed metal antenna for a small footprint, low cost design
• Board features a low component count RF matching network with off-chip 1:1 Balun
The layout has provision for out-of-band signal suppression (components L5 and C19) if required.
Figure 6 shows the typical topology for the RF circuitry. A footprint is available to install the RF connector
J48 for measurement purposes. When using J48, C17 must be installed and C18 removed.

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Figure 6. FRDM-KW24D512 RF circuitry
4.2.2 Clocks
The FRDM-KW24D512 provides two clocks:
• 32 MHz Reference Oscillator: Figure 7 shows the external 32 MHz external crystal Y1. This
mounted crystal must meet the specifications outlined in the AN3251 application note (see
AN3251). The IEEE Std. 802.15.4 requires that the frequency be accurate to less that ±40 ppm.
— Capacitors C21 and C22 provide the bulk of the crystal load capacitance. At 25 °C, it is desired
to have the frequency accurate to ±10 ppm or less to allow for temperature variation.
— To measure the 32 MHz oscillator frequency, signal CLKOUT (PTA18/CLK_OUT) can
optionally be programmed to provide a buffered output clock signal.
• Optional 32.768 kHz Crystal Oscillator: Provision is also made for a secondary 32.768 kHz crystal
Y2 (see Figure 8). This oscillator can be used for a low-power accurate time base.
— The module comes provided with this Y2 crystal and its load capacitors C23 and C24.
— Load capacitors C23 and C24 provide the entire crystal load capacitance; there is no onboard
trim capacitance.
— The 32 kHz oscillator components are supplied, but not enabled. Zero-ohm resistors R82 and
R83 to disable 32 kHz.

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FRDM-KW24D512 development board
Figure 7. FRDM-KW24D512 board’s 32 MHz reference oscillator circuit
Figure 8. FRDM-KW24D512 board’s 32.768 kHz optional oscillator circuit
4.2.3 Power management
There are several different ways to power and measure current on the FRDM-KW24D512 board. The
FRDM-KW24D512 power management circuit is shown in Figure 9.
Figure 9. FRDM-KW24D512 board’s power management circuit
The FRDM-KW24D512 board has the flexibility to be powered in several configurations:

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• The board can be supplied through the micro USB type B connector (J16) which provides
P5V_USB to LDO 3V3.
• The board can be supplied through the development board’s headers which provides either P3.3V
or P5-9V_VIN on header J3 pin 16 to LDO 3V3.
• The board can be supplied from an external DC supply in the following way:
— Connect an adaptor capable of suppling more than 3.3 VDC (15 V maximum) to J28 header.
Additionally, J40, a two-pin 1x2 cut-trace header, provides current to the MCU and the transceiver. A red
LED marked as LED D4 is available as a power indicator.
Power headers provide the means to supply either the LED, MCU, or peripheral circuits. Current
measurements can be made by inserting a current meter in place of a designated jumper. Connection
configurations are described in Table 2.
4.2.4 FRDM-KW24D512 peripheral functions
The FRDM-KW24D512 development board includes the Freescale Freedom board headers to interface
with the general purpose functions and to assist in implementing targeted applications. The
FRDM-KW24D512 board also has alternate port functions routed to those interface headers where
off-board FRDM development platform peripherals can be used.
4.2.4.1 Serial flash (SPI interface)
Component U13 is an AT45DB161E 16 Mbit (2 Mbyte) serial flash memory with SPI interface. The
memory is useful for over-the-air programming (OTAP) and for storage of non-volatile system data or
parameters. Figure 10 shows the memory circuit.
• The memory power supply is P3V3_BRD.
• Place J38 and J39 Jumpers to perform SPI communication with the serial flash module.
Table 2. Power distribution headers
Supply
Designation
Header
Pins Description
V_MCU
J40 1 - 2
Supply voltage to MCU, transceiver, and peripherals
• Jumper is shorted by a cut-trace on the bottom layer
• Usage: Measure MCU current
P3V3
SH18
— Supply voltage to header
• Normally traced
P3V3_BRD
SH19
— Supply voltage to LEDs, switches, and some modules
• Normally traced

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• The SPI Write Protect and Reset has discrete pullup resistors
Figure 10. AT45DB161E (2 Mbyte) serial flash memory
4.2.4.2 Combo sensor (I2C interface)
The component U16 is a Freescale FXOS8700CQ 6-axis sensor with integrated linear accelerometer and
magnetometer, very low-power consumption, and I2C selectable. Figure 11 shows the sensor circuit.
• The sensor power supply is P3V3_BRD.
• Discrete pullup resistors for the I2C port are provided.
• One interrupt signal.
Figure 11. FXOS8700CQ combo sensor
4.2.4.3 Interface connectors J1, J2, J3 and J4
The four connectors J1, J2, J3, and J4 are 100 mil pitch, pin headers mounted on the front (component side)
supporting the Freedom standard connector.

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• P3V3, 5V_USB, and P5-9V_VIN provide the headers connector with its supply voltage
— Peripheral IO to the FRDM-KW24D512 board and the Freedom development platform supply
must use this same voltage supply to avoid potential damage.
The pin definitions for the headers are shown in Table 3 and Table 4.
Table 3. J2 and J1 connector
Header
Pin No
J2
Description Header
Pin No
J1
Description
MKW24D512 Pin
Name
MKW24D512 Pin
Name
1 NC NC 1 PTE0_TX UART1_TX
2 PTA19 PTA19 (D8/int) 2 PTD7_TX UART0(D0/RX/INT)
3 NC NC 3 PTE1_RX UART1_RX
4 PTA18/EXTAL0 PTA18(D9/int) 4 PTD6_RX UART0(D1/TX/INT)
5 NC NC 5 PTE2_CTS UART1_CTS
6 PTC4_SPI_SS PTC4(D10/SPI_SS) 6 PTD5_CTS UART0(D2/INT)
7 NC NC 7 PTE3_RST UART1_RST
8 PTC6_SPI_SOUT PTC6(D11/MOSI) 8 PTD4_RST UART0(D3/PWM/INT)
9 NC NC 9 NC NC
10 PTC7_SPI_SIN PTC7(D12/MISO) 10 GPIO2 GPIO2(D4/INT)
11 NC NC 11 NC NC
12 PTC5_SPI_CLK PTC5(D13/SCK) 12 GPIO1 GPIO1(D5/PWM/INT)
13 NC NC 13 NC NC
14 GND GND 14 PTE4 PTE4
15 NC NC 15 NC NC
16 P3V3_BRD P3V3_BRD 16 PTD1 PTD1(D7/CMP/INT)
17 NC NC — — —
18 PTD3_I2C_SDA PTD3(D14/Ana/Int) — — —
19 NC NC — — —
20 PTD2_I2C_SCL PTD2(D15/Ana/Int) — — —

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Table 4. J3 and J4 connector
Header
Pin No
J3
Description Header
Pin No
J4
Description
MKW24D512 Pin Name MKW24D512 Pin
Name
1 NC NC 1 NC NC
2NC NC2ANT_A A0/INT
3 NC NC 3 PTA0 JTAG_TCLK
4 P3V3 P3V3 4 ANT_B A1/INT
5 NC NC 5 PTA1 JTAG_TDI
6 RST_B RST_TGTMCU_B 6 RX_SWITCH A2/INT
7NC NC7PTA2 JTAG_TDO
8 P3V3 P3V3 8 TX_SWITCH A3_INT
9 NC NC 9 PTA3 and
RST_TGTMCU_B
JTAG_TMS
10 P5V P5V 10 NC NC
11 NC NC 11 PTA4 NMI_B
12 GND GND 12 NC NC
13 NC NC — — —
14 GND GND — — —
15 NC NC — — —
16 P5-9V_VIN Unregulated Voltage — — —

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4.3 Schematic, board layout, and bill of material
Figure 12. FRDM-KW24D512 board schematic rev. A

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FRDM-KW24D512 development board

Freescale Freedom Development Board FRDM-KW24D512 User’s Guide, Rev. 0, 10/2015
20 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
FRDM-KW24D512 development board
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