Gigahertz Solutions HF35C User manual

Gigahertz Solutions ®HF35C
Radio/Microwave Field Measurement Meter
www.EMF-Experts.com
HF 35C Meter
Training Handbook and User Guide

www.EMF-Experts.com Page 2 of 46
How to Get the Most from Your Gigahertz Solutions®
HF 35C Radio/microwave Meter
PART 1 Your HF35C Meter Features and User Instruction
with EMF Expert Notes –interspersed throughout the seller/manufacturer info
PART 11 Measuring Radio/microwave Fields
PART 111 Your Radio/microwave Meter at Work in Real-world EMF Situations
PART 1V Some Things You Might Find Interesting About This Meter
PART V Conversion Table, Precautionary Guidelines and Measurement Worksheet
Note: This meter is a German made meter and the user information provided by the manufacturer
is originally written using British-English spellings, so in this booklet you will find
British and USA spellings of words used interchangeably.
© EMF-Experts.com
No part of this booklet may be reproduced without expressed written permission

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Part I-
Your HF35C Meter Features and User Instruction
This meter is very user friendly and
simple to operate with just three buttons
and an audio volume dial, yet it offers
lots of useful features for fast, reliable
measurement of EMF from common
radio/microwave sources.
Whereas many other types of
radio/microwave meters act mainly as
microwave detectors, this meter actually
quite accurately measures the impact of
the energy in microwatts per square
meter (µW/m²). This is what allows a
straight forward assessment of the
personal levels of electromagnetic
radiation exposure, which in turn lets us
make a proper determination of suitable
remedial actions, and enables a before-
and-after testing of their effectiveness.
All of this permits us to reach our end
goal of creating an EMF-free living and working environment (at least as far as possible), by
achieving the health safety standards set out in the recommended safe values of the Building
Biology Standards 2015, and the Biologically Based Precautionary EMF Guidelines of the
BioInitiative Report 2012 –two health safety standards that are respected and used
worldwide.

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You’ll find health safety standards (i.e. the exposure limits) for radio/microwave fields
included at the end of this guide for reference as you use your HF35C meter.
Naturally, health safety standard limits also exist for electric and magnetic exposure, body
voltage etc., however for these you will need a different meter capable of detecting and
measuring those types of fields. Our EMF Experts Training Handbook and User Guide for
the Tri-Field Meter, is a good starting point for dealing with electric and magnetic fields and
their health safety standards. This book however, is dedicated to the topic of
radio/microwave fields.
Meet Your New Meter
Your HF35C Meter will arrive in two sections –the
meter body and the antenna - protectively packed to
keep the fragile antennae from being damaged. You’ll
assemble the antennae on the meter body in two easy
steps.
This is a good box to keep your meter safely stored
when not in use since the antennae is made of a
material normally used for the interior of a circuit
board, and that is why it looks like a circuit board with
lots of soldering of small thin elements, and delicate
pieces.
Although the manufacturer user guide says it can
withstand a fall from table height, we recommend care
since if one the elements is broken the meter will not
be able to pick up those particular frequencies, it will
not be accurate and will be unable to be repaired.
Consider buying a sturdy case if you will be transporting your meter from place to place. A
quick search online for an ‘aluminum hard case with foam insert’ will provide you with many
inexpensive, suitable options. Sizes vary and you may prefer to purchase just one case to
keep all your various EMF Meters protected together.

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Assembling Your Meter
Find the +shaped slot on the end of the meter, insert the green antennae securely into the
opening. The copper wire from the antennae then screws snugly onto the antennae terminal
on the right side (where you see the antennae symbol).
It generally comes with a 9-volt battery that you will need to install. If the battery is weak the
words ‘LOW BATT’ will appear vertically in small letters in the center of the display window.
In order to save battery life, the meter will shut itself off after 40 minutes.
Getting Familiar with Your Meter Functions:

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The power button is the lower of the two buttons
on the right side; slide it up vertically to switch on.
Naturally, to conserve battery life, you will want to
remember to turn the power off when you are not
actually measuring with the meter.
Numbers will display as soon as the power is turned
on; this is the meter springing into action, sampling
the environment and picking up the EMF
frequencies (i.e. those specific frequencies that it is
factory-set to detect), and displaying them, not as
frequencies, but as power flux density, which is less
accurately referred to as field strength. Whatever
numerical readings you see in the display window
indicate the power flux density, or radio frequency
field strength, in microwatts per meter squared,
which is written as µW/m².
Use the audio dial at the top to set the volume to a
level where you can comfortably hear what your
meter is detecting. This feature is a representation
(in audio format) of the signal your meter is
detecting However the audio feature gives you no
indication of the values of the field strength it is
detecting; in other words, the audio dial is simply a
volume control intended to make a signal more or
less audible (hear-able). Louder volume does not
indicate higher field strengths, or higher levels of
EMF exposure for you.
You can sometimes hear two, or more, signals at the same time - one will usually be more
prominent indicating it is a stronger signal than the other. However, you cannot tell the
distance of the source of the signal.
In fact, nothing on the meter gives you any indication of the distance to the source of the
signal. It is not a distance meter. It is a directional meter, designed to detect and display
radio/microwave signals occurring in the direction that the antennae is pointed. At best, you
can tell the apparent direction that the signal is coming from. We use the word apparent
because you could be detecting a reflected signal, such as one that is reflected from a mirror
or flat metal surface.

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This meter is a single axis directional meter, meaning it measures signals in one
direction only, at one time. The word ‘signal’is commonly used interchangeably with the
word ‘field’(meaning specifically an electromagnetic field). Since this meter is directional,
signals coming from other directions are not included in the read-out display to the full
extent that they actually exist around you.
However, this reading is not absolute, the meter will display the other signals that it detects
in the same direction the meter is pointed in. To some extent signals can come in from the
side, or can be accumulated, but to what extent is difficult to determine. Nonetheless their
presence will affect the number displayed so you may not read the exact value of the source
you are measuring. So, although this meter is calibrated to function fairly accurately , the fact
that the nature of radio/microwaves behavior is such that it “goes everywhere”, the reading
you receive is more relative than absolute.
Also remember to take into consideration that all meters, including this one, typically have a
margin of error (accuracy variance), with the exception of those meters used for industry or
government regulatory compliance. These compliancy meters are far more expensive since
they are designed to comply accurately to exacting standards and must be recalibrated,
usually annually, to meet these very strict and certified standards.
This simple directional meter offers adequate accuracy for the purpose of home and office
measurement, at a reasonable price with ease of use even for the beginner.
It displays from 0 to 2,000 µW/m², using two
setting ranges - the sensitive range is below
199.9 and the coarse range is up to 1999.
Although radio frequency field may be present but
less than 0.1 the meter displays the number 00.0.
This is naturally the winning number, since it
indicates that the fields are below our level of
concern. When we see that, we know we are
Electrosmog-free, and not being biologically
impacted from wireless technology, like cell signals
and WiFi, but also from unsuspected sources.
As the display indicates, it is designed to detect
power flux density along the axis (the direction the
antennae is pointed). For those unfamiliar with the measurement term “power flux density”
it can perhaps be best understood as “power received in an area”.

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Simplifying the individual words to their common English language meaning - power flux
density is the measure of “energy change concentration”-- may also help clarify its meaning.
The engineers and scientists among us though will understand power flux density as a term
of measurement to express the amount of power impacting on a surface, which is used in a
wide range of applications from chemistry to electronics to astronomy. More precisely, power
flux density is a radiometric measure of the value that expresses the intensity at which energy
is transferred by electromagnetic radiation through a real or virtual surface, per unit surface
area.
In today’s world, Power flux density is the measurement by which a wide variety of existing
safety standards are defined. The safety standards for cellphones and microwaves are two
examples of this standard, which translates into concern only for the thermal heating effects
on human tissue (and not the effects on such things as voltage gated cell function or other
bio-electrically based biological functions).
For our purposes, which to is measure radio/microwave frequencies to determine their
compliance with the more biologically based precautionary safety standards that we aim to
achieve, the Power Flux Density display window indicates to us the amount of power, or
exposure, that we are receiving from this particular type of EMF –in this case
radio/microwaves.
This HF35C meter is designed specifically to measure radio/microwaves in the frequency
range that typical wireless devices use, and the measurement is displayed in the window as
microwatts per meter squared. This measurement, or value, is written as: µW/m2to
conform with the international system of units.
In evaluating our total EMF exposure levels, we need different meters to measure the
different types of EMF from three main sources - magnetic, electrical and radio/microwave.
Electrical/magnetic meters, (the TriField meter mentioned earlier, is one example), measure
our field strength exposure, and radio/microwave meters, such as this HF35C meter,
measure our power flux density exposure.
Using the Peak and RMS Setting
Your meter gives you the ability choose between displaying its readings in peak values or
RMS, root mean square. The RMS setting gives you an average, determined by sophisticated
calculations beyond the actual numbers the meter may be reading, and this is generally used
for compliance with certain official standards.

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For EMF protection purposes, we are more concerned with the Peak setting since it will tell
us the full magnitude of exposure, the maximum power flux density detected, which is what
studies most correlate with harmful biological effects, at least up until recently since they’ve
began correlating them with field strength.
Using Your Meter
Hold the meter with your arm slightly outstretched and
start pointing the meter around very slowly, methodically,
in all directions, while listening for any signal and watching
the LCD display. The display always gives readings in
microwatts per meter squared (μW/m2), but there are two
settings you can choose from to suit your measuring needs.
Experience tells us to always set it to the lowest scale that
gives you a valid reading. This is because some meters are
damaged by an overload of signals that exceed their
measurement range. The HF35C is not one of them.
Setting it to the top position of the display selector switch
(which is the top switch on the right side of the meter) will
set you on the most sensitive reading on the meter, which
(as you see there) is 0 to 199.9.
If you are in a location where the readings are high (e.g over
200) then slide the button down to read up to 1999 µW/m².
If the frequencies that it is detecting are, to use an old analog term, ‘pegging the meter’, or in
other words out of the meter’s upper range of capacity to detect, it will simply display the
number 1 on the left side.
This is a non-valid reading –meaning the field strength is beyond the meter’s capability to
display it. The meter simply stops reading and displays a 1.
The stylized EMF Spectrum that you see printed on the
meter body, depicts the range of frequencies that this meter
is factory-set to detect, which you can see is the range from
800 MHz to 2500 MHz (2.5 GHz). The acronyms correlate
to the frequency that device uses to broadcasts on: GSM
(Global Systems for Mobile Communications, or
Cellphones) uses 800 –1,000 MHz, etc. Uplink means
sending wireless data, downlink means receiving wireless
data on those frequencies.

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The stylized spectrum illustrates that this meter is suitable for detecting these signals:
GSM (Global Systems for Mobile Communications, aka Cellphones and Celltowers)
DAB (Digital Audio Broadcast, aka Online Radio, mainly used in Europe),
GPS (Global Positioning System, aka Navigation )
DECT (Digitally Enhanced Cordless Telecommunication, aka cordless phones)
UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecomm System, i.e. cellphones with internet capability)
WLAN (Wireless Local Area Network, aka WiFi, Hotspot)
_______________________________________________
The Series of High Frequency (HF) Models
Here you see the three meters in the GigaHerz Solutions model series, in (left to right)
graduated order of increasing number of features.
Why We Choose to Go with the HF35C for our Students
Most economical radio/frequency meters really only act as microwave detectors, or simplistic
“EMF Alerts”. This German made meter actually accurately measures the strength of the field
in microwatts per square meter (µW/m²).
Our reasoning in recommending the center one, is first based on its ability to measure down
to the level of the Biological Safety Standards (.1 µW/m²) that we are aiming to achieve.

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Secondly, it is economical for a meter of this quality. The 32D model, although less expensive
does not measure down to .1 and it does not offer the audio or the Peak Value feature. The
38B model has a bit more frequency range on the end but it is both much more expensive and
more delicate for new users.
Lastly, we went with this HF35C model since it is designed to detect about 90% of the most
common used and most ubiquitously present EMF signals that we are concerned about
(biologically-speaking).
These concerns generally include EMF electrosmog emitted by: UHF Television, 1G-4G
cellphones (some 5G will piggyback), WiFi, DECT, Bluetooth, Smart Meters, Airport Radar,
Microwave ovens, and countless personal devices and household convenience devices.
HFE35C (High Frequency Extended)
Another handy feature worth mentioning about this meter is that an attachment can be
added that turns the meter into an omni-directional meter, so using the same meter body you
have both options –uni-directional and omni directional radio/microwave metering, each of
the two antennae serving you in different ways (refer to
the Meter Features section).
Although it offers the same features of the HF35C body,
the two additional features that this add-on antennae
offers is that it not only expands the meter’s range, but
also provides a measurement of the surrounding field
strengths that a body is realistically exposed to in the total
sense, rather than simply from one direction.

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Features of the HF35C Meter
10 Times the measurement sensitivity of a Beginner Level Meter (HF32D)
A Coarse measurement range and Fine measurement range provide added
value when needing to assess RADIO/MICROWAVE emissions
Coarse range covers stronger readings of 1 - 1999 µW/m²
Fine measurement range of 0.1 - 199.9 µW/m² offers higher sensitivity and
allows for accurate detection of lower level signals
Increased sensitivity translates into detection of sources otherwise missed by
our competitor’s RADIO/MICROWAVE detection equipment
Professional Level Upgrades:
Audio Identification: The meter's audio tone replicates the signal patterns and
intensity of measured RADIO/MICROWAVE emissions and aids in source
identification
Peak Settings and Average Settings: While measurements taken on the Average Value
setting provide a basic sense of RADIO/MICROWAVE levels at a test site, the Peak
Value setting reveals the highest levels of RADIO/MICROWAVE being emitted. The
Peak Value is regarded as the measurement critical to assessing potential biological
effects
In Addition to the features of the HF32D Model:
Easy to operate, power the unit on, selecting measurement settings and recording the
LCD displayed readings as you walk the meter through your living space
Accessorized with a sturdy Logarithmic–Periodic Antenna, designed for directional
detection of RADIO/MICROWAVE waves. Readings increase when the meter gets
closer to or points in the direction of offending sources
Detects both analogue and pulsed digital signals (1 –1999 µW/m²)
Detects RADIO/MICROWAVE radiation generated by cellular phones and cordless
phones (Digital or DECT); microwave ovens; wireless communication devices such as
internet routers, WLAN, Wi-Fi, baby monitors, Bluetooth, video games, smart meters
and cell phone towers in the operational range of 800 MHz to 2.7 GHz (GSM, UMTS,
2G, 3G, 4G)
Designed to meet Bau–Biologie RADIO/MICROWAVE measurement performance requirements
HF35C RADIO/MICROWAVE Meter Includes:
HF35C Radio Frequency Meter
Logarithmic Periodic Antenna 800 MHz –2.7 GHz vertically polarized
Users' Guide

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2 Year Warranty Certificate
9V Alkaline Batter
Features:
Antenna: Directional Logarithmic Periodic “LogPer”
800 MHz –3.0 GHz 45º
LCD Display (3.5 digits): Easy to read 3.5 digit display
Accuracy / Linearity Deviation: +/–6 dB
Audible Tone: The meter’s audio tone replicates the patterns and
intensity of measured RADIO/MICROWAVE emissions
Signal Detection Type: Peak, Average, Full signal –Analogue plus
Digital (pulsed)
Power Supply: 9 Volt alkaline battery included
Battery Low Indicator: Meter will auto–power off 3 minutes following
battery low signal display
Auto Power Off: Saves on battery use –will auto–power off after 40 min
of continuous EMF testing
Operating Time: Alkaline battery provides up to 6–7 hrs continuous
EMF testing
Measuring Ranges: 0.1 –199.9 µW/m² // 1 –1999 µW/m²
Maximum display resolution is 199,900 µW/m² which requires the
external DG20 Attenuator
Calibration: During the manufacturing process strict calibration procedures are followed
using only high end, calibrated measurement instruments. This guarantees that every HF35C
meter made by Gigahertz has been individually calibrated to a traceable standard.
Technical Data:
Frequency Range of Meter:
800 MHz to 2.7 GHz
Measurement Ranges 1:
Fine: 0.1 –199.9 µW/m2 –Resolution 60 dB
Measurement Ranges 2:
Coarse: 1 –1999 µW/m2 –Resolution –50 dB
Antenna:
True Logarithmic Periodic Antenna 800 MHz –2.5 GHz vertically
polarized
Signal Evaluation:
True peak and average
Accuracy:
+ / –6 dB
Linearity Deviation:
+ / –6 dB
Rollover:
+ / –9 digits
Dimensions:
71 x 225 x 31 mm (W x L x H) approx 2–3/4 x 9 x 1.25 inches
Weight:
Approx. 250 grams
Material of Case:
Plastic
Operating Time:
Up to 6 –7 hours –varies according to the mode of operation

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An Attachment to Convert Your HF35C Directional Meter
into an Omni Directional Meter
The Gigahertz Solutions HFE35C Radio/Microwave
-Analyzer add-on (or purchased together in a kit) is
the perfect combination for those wanting
"directional" and "omni-direction" radio frequency /
microwave radiation measurements from radiation
from smart meters, cell phones, WiFi, Bluetooth,
microwave towers, air traffic control, and more.
Easy to use, this meter is good for measuring
exposure levels and seeing the effects of remediation
(such as Radio/Microwave shielding). Remediation
can be challenging when using
RADIO/MICROWAVE shielding fabric or other materials unless you can measure your
before and after results with an accurate RADIO/MICROWAVE meter!
Accurate Peak Measurements provide invaluable information for the layperson or technician
who needs to assess potential biological impacts at a RADIO/MICROWAVE contaminated
site. The HFE35C equipped with the omni-directional "Quasi" Isotropic Antenna, takes
biological assessment one step further because it has the ability to assimilate and read the
RADIO/MICROWAVE exposure conditions typical for a human body. A measurement taken
with this equipment provides a 360 degree RADIO/MICROWAVE exposure snap shot of
your body’s radio/microwave exposure levels in the total sense.
·Equipped with Two Antennas - enhanced circuitry for use with the Ultra Broadband
Omni-Directional UBB27 Antenna (Boosted Frequency Range of 27 MHz–3.3 GHz) and the
directional Logarithmic –Periodic Antenna designed to make source identification simple
and efficient. Readings increase when the antenna is pointed in the direction of or moved
closer to offending sources (Frequency Range of 800 MHz to 2.7 GHz).
·Detects both analogue and pulsed digital signals (1 –1999 µW/m²)
·Detects RADIO/MICROWAVE radiation generated by cellular phone and cordless
phones (DECT); microwave ovens; Radar; wireless communication devices (such as internet
routers, WLAN, Wi-Fi, baby monitors, Bluetooth, video games); smart meters; cell phone
towers in the operational range of 800 MHz @ 2.6 GHz with the UBB27 antenna (GSM,
UMTS, 2G, 3G, 4G)
·In addition the UBB27 Antenna detects RADIO/MICROWAVE radiation generated by
FM Radio; Amateur Radio; Digital & Analog TV.

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Omni Directional Antennae Add-on
Warranty
GigaHertz Solutions provides a two year warranty on factory defects of the HF analyzer,
the antenna and accessories.
Antenna
Even though the antenna appears to be rather delicate, it is made of a highly durable FR4
base material that can easily withstand a fall from table height.
HF Analyzer
The analyzer itself, i.e. the body of the meter, is not impact proof, due to the
comparatively heavy battery and the large number of delicate components. Any damage
as a result of misuse is excluded from this warranty.
______________________________
Next we discuss the Manufacturer’s User Guide, which compares the three different HF
models and takes us into somewhat more technical user ground, since the company designs
their meters for (in their words) the “the technical amateur”. We will expand on the material
with EMF Expert notations interspersed throughout to clarify.
And less technically inclined users are welcome to skip ahead to Part III –
Your Radio/Microwave Meter at Work in the Real-world Situations, which also
includes easy step-by-step getting-started user info in plainer English, with lots of how-to-
measure information and suggestions for putting your meter to work for you right away.

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Part II
Manufacturer’s User Guide for Measuring Radio/Microwave Fields
Note: This meter is a German made meter and the user information provided by the manufacturer
is originally written using British-English spellings, so in this booklet you will find
British and USA spellings of words used interchangeably.
Manufacturer’s Introduction to Properties of HF Radiation
and Consequences for their Measurement
Permeation of many materials
In particular for measurements inside of buildings it is important to know that
construction materials are permeable for HF radiation to a varying degree. Some part of
the radiation will also be reflected or absorbed. Wood, drywall, and wooden window
frames, for example, are usually rather transparent spots in a house.
Polarisation (Polarization)
Most High Frequency radiation (“waves“) is vertically or horizontally polarised. With the
antenna attached the meter measures the vertically polarised component, if the display is
positioned horizontally. By rotating the meter around its longitudinal axis you will be able
to pick up any polarisation plane.
Fluctuations with regard to space and time
Reflexions can cause highly localised amplifications or cancellations of the high frequency
radiation, in particular inside buildings. This is why one should stick to the step-by-step
procedure in the next chapter.
In addition, most transmitters and cellular phones emit with considerably varying
power during a given day and in the longterm, depending on local reception and load.
Therefore repeat measurements at different times of the day on working days and at
weekends. In addition it may be advisable to repeat them occa sionally over the year, as
the situation can change over night. As an example, a transmitter only needs to be tilted
down by a few degrees in order to cause major changes in exposure levels (e.g. during
installation or repair of cellular phone base stations). Most of all it is the enormous speed
with which the cellular phone network expands every day that causes changes in the
exposure levels.
Minimum distance 2 meters
Due to the physics of wave generation it is not possible to reliably measure the
customary ”power density” (W/m²) in the close vicinity of the source of radiation.

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For the instruments described here, the distance should be in excess of 2 meters.
The nature of HF radiation requires a specific approach for each
 the determination of the total exposure to it and
 the identification of the sources or leaks for the pollution.
Step-by-Step Procedure to Measure the Total Exposure
When testing for HF exposure levels in an apartment, home or property, it is always
recommended to record individual measurements on a data sheet. Later this will
allow you to get a better idea of the complete situation.
Preliminary Notes Concerning the Antenna
As the LogPer Antenna provided with this instrument is shielded against ground
influences, one should “aim” about 10 degrees below the emitting source subject to
measurement so as to avoid distortions in the area of sensitivity transition (aim
horizontally for moderately elevated targets such as transponder masts).
The analyser suppresses frequencies below 800 MHz to avoid the readings being
disturbed by lower frequency sources. In order to measure frequencies below 800 MHz
down to 27 MHz the instruments HFE35C and HFE59B are available from Gigahertz
Solutions. They come with an active horizontally isotropic ultra broad band antenna
from 27 MHz up to beyond 3 GHz, the UBB27.
This illustration shows you that where the antennae is actually measuring slightly below the
point of interest (where you are interested in measuring )
Settings of the Analyser
The HF32D comes with ‘Range’ and ‘Signal’ already set to values typical for the assessment
of the impact of the HF radiation by building biology standards. Higher power densities
beyond the designed range are indicated by a “1” on the left end of the display. In this case,
the attenuator DG20 (available as accessory) will allow to increase the measurement range
by a factor of 100.

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The HF35C and HF38B feature additional settings as described below:
At first, set ”Range“ to ”1999 µW/m²“ resp. ”19.99 µW/m²“ (HF38B). Only if there are
constantly very small readings, switch to the next finer range.
The basic rule for any type of metering is to use the scale that is “as coarse as
necessary, as fine as possible”.
Setting Signal Evaluation (“Signal“): The peak HF radiation value, not the
average value, is regarded as the measurement of critical “biological effects“ affecting the
organism and to be compared to recommended safety limits. This is the standard setting!
The average value (“RMS“) of pulsed signals is often only a very small fraction of the
peak value. Nonetheless it forms the basis of most of the ”official“ safety limits
regulations. Building biologists consider this a trivialization.
„Peak hold“ (HF38B only) simplifies measurements of the total exposure by retaining
the highest readings for some time (it slowly drops). Note of caution: Switch on ”softly“ to
avoid switching peaks, which then will be retained for some time simulating unrealistic
power densities. If peaks are very short and very high the holding capacity needs an
instant until it is fully charged.
How to Execute the Measurements
Hold the HF analyzer with a slightly outstretched arm, your hand at the rear of the
instrument.
For a rough first overview it is sufficient to probe for areas of higher levels of
radiation simply by following the audio signals walking through the rooms of interest,
directing the analyser everywhere and rotating it.
Having identified the area of interest for a closer evaluation, change the positioning
of the instrument in order to analyse the actual power flux density. This is done by:
pointing in all directions including upwards and downwards in flats to establish the
main direction of the incoming radiation,
 rotating the instrument around its longitudinal axis by up to 90° to also find the
plane of polarisation, and
 shifting the instrument in order to find the point of maximum exposure and to
avoid being trapped by local cancellation effects.

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HF38B –„Range“: When switching from ‘Coarse’ to ‚Medium’ for very small readings, it
could happen, that the instrument tolerance of +/- 6 dB full range is absorbed. In this worst
case there may be a factor 4 between the displayed numbers in ‚Coarse’ and ‚Medium’.
Example: In ‘Medium’ you read 150.0
µW/m². If worst comes to worst ‘Coarse’ might show between 0.6 und 0.03 µW/m²
(instead of 0.15 µW/m² which would be the correct value). However, normally the
differences shown will be much smaller. For comparing measurements (e.g. ‘before’ and
‘after’) take the same range setting.
Evaluating the different radio services
The displays of the meters of this series show the sum of the total power density within
the frequency range of the most common digital radio services. This means for the often
dominating sources of DECT and GSM as well as analogue sources: Simply take the
readings and compare them to the building biology standard values!
To be able to evaluate the different radio standards and transmission and modulation
patterns with one single measurement technology, the following approach to compensate
for these differences is recommended:
 UMTS/3G, LTE/4G , WiMAX, DVB, WLAN during full data transmission: The
modulation of these high-speed services includes high, needle-like peaks compared
to the average power transmitted. Such signals are referred to as “high crest factor”
signals. Measure for 1 or 2 minutes by slightly panning the meter pointing to the
direction of the main source, and multiply the highest value by ten for a comparison
with the building biology recommendations6. Often you will find different
telecommunication services being present at the same time. With the help of the
audio analysis7, you will be able to estimate how much of the total value shown is
caused by such high crest factor signals. Depending on the proportion to the total
signal, please apply the following “rules of thumb”:
 Low portion of “high crest factor signals” audible: multiply display reading by 2.
 ~“Fifty-fifty”-ratio: multiply display reading by 5
 Dominating “high crest factor signals”: multiply display reading by 10.
Taking into account the multiple external factors of measurement uncertainty, this
approach is perfectly adequate for an assessment of the total pollution. The use of a
frequency filter and service specific correction factors will allow an increased accuracy.
It is generally accepted to use the highest reading in the room for
comparison with limit or recommended values.

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Radar beams are emitted by slowly rotating antennas. Therefore they are only measurable
and audible for only milliseconds every few seconds. Due to the extremely fast rise-time of
the signal only a rough estimation of the real signal level is possible:
Set ”Signal“ to ”Peak“. Take the highest reading of sever- al radar beam passes
displayed and multiply it by 10.
When using the HF38B, you can set the switch to ”Peak hold“ and allow for several
beam passes to establish the equilibrium of charging and droop rate of the holding
capacitor. The reading may take a few minutes to stabilize.
Even if their standards specify far higher crest factors, the industry strives for crest
limitation for economic reasons, so that the resulting correction doesn't exceed a factor
of 10. For the time being with LTE a factor of 20 may still occur. For TETRA (a police radio
communication system used in Europe, not USA) a factor of 2, for WLAN (“standby-rattling”) a
factor 4 is enough.
Mind the internal noise level, where a correction does not make sense.
Applies for HF35C and HF38B. When using the HF32D, the approach would be to
multiply the display value by 10 to be on the safe side, especially at low levels and when
DECT phones can definitely be excluded as source.
Smart meters transmit data to the respective providers very irregularly and in pulses, by
using the locally available cell phone services. Additionally there may be pulsed in-house
wireless connections. Therefore, it makes sense to keep measuring until you pick up some
pulses, and if necessary, apply correction factors.
Limiting values, recommendations and precautions
The ”Standard der baubiologischen Messtechnik“ (Standard for Building Biology
Measurements), SBM 2008, classifies measurements (per radio communication service),
with a note of caution ”pulsed signals to be taken more seriously than continuous ones“, as
follows: