Gossen MetraWatt lunasix Instruction Manual

Exposure |Uleter
Operoting Inslructions ond ExposureMonuql

Quid<
Reference
to fhe IU NASlX
poge
Quick
Referenceto lhe LUNASIX
. 2... 7
Thinking
ondMeosuring I ...l7
Review
of Subiects ...... l8...36
(see
poge
47)
TechnicolAppendix .. .
.. 37...45
Color-Finder .
.. . 46...47
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Slide
with
diffusorsohere
for
incidentlightmeosurement
with window for reflected
, lightmeosurement
Symbol
for incidentlight
ond
reflectedIight meosuremente
@
Indicotion
volues
(3)
Pointer
@
Exposure
times
@
Cine
volues
(f
romes
per second)
Apertureuolue,
@
DINvolues
@
Knurledsetting
ringfor .
indicoting.voIues
g",th,E
(Q,)
yellow
sco
le ( l6) -
@
@
@
Redcolibrotionmork
for bottery checkonly
Scole
divisions
upper
o for reodings 1...12
lower O for reodings
12...22
Tumble
swifch
@ nsnvolues
@ v"rlowscole
Settingdisc
for
exposure
index
Red
figures:
exposure
volues
."3:f''"f
.['":l@

Correct
position
of the 2 botteries
@ Cotoortment for botteries
Knurled
plote
for
checking
the botteries
Toble
of colibrotion
volues
in Luxond footcond
les
@ Zuro
settingscrew
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lntroduction
tothe tUNASIX
TheLUNA isthelotest
intheline
of
the
SIXTUS,SIXTOMAT,
SIXON,SIXTRY,
fomous
monufocturers
LUNASIX
is
ihe nome
given
to this
conmeosure
relioblyonylightfrom
At lost,here
is on Exposure
Meter
exposure
meosurement.
"SlX"
Exposure
ondColour
SIXTINO
ond
SIXTICOLOR
Temperoture
Meters
-
- mode
bythe
world-
Gf\ Erlongen
finest of oll Expoiure Melers becouse
the SIX
thepolest
moonlight
to ihe brightest
sunlight.
to breok through oll the borriers formerly restricting

Quick
Reference
tothe L
U
N
ASIX
1S"ffing
*" flrn "tpor*" ind"l
Turnthecleor
plostic
disc
(15)
bv
meons
of the ribsuntil
the index
numberof your
filmoppeors
in
ihe
DIN
or ASA window
(7114)
ond
the
whiteorrow
points
to thotwindow.
You
will
findo
DIN/ASAConversion
Tobleon poge 39.
2
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Reflected
Light: Move the slide (1)
ot the front
of the meter io the right-hond side until it
clicksinto position,
ond the LUNASIXis now
reodyto operote. Point
the LUNASIX towords
the subiect os the orrow shows in the illus-
trotion.
Incidenllight: Move the slide (l) to the left-
hond side until it clicksinto position
with the
white incidentspherenow in the middle. The
LUNASIX is pointed from the subiecttowords
ihe comero os ihe orrow shows in the illus-
trotion.

Meqsuring
Pressthelower
hump
of the
tumble
switch
(12)
ondreleose
it ossoon
osthe
pointer(4)
hos
cometo rest.Now lhe pointer (4)
is lockedond the reoding con be ioken.
Shouldthe pointer
register
lessthon the scolevolue l2 when fhe lower humpof the tumble
switch(12)
is pressed,
then press
ihe upper hump of ihe tumble switch.
Wiih this operotion
you switch
inihe low-lightronge.
Woit ogoin until
the poinier (4)
hoscome
to rest
ond stop
thescolevoluewhile releosing
the
swiich.
!ftheilluminotionissoweok thot
you ore unoble
to see
thereoding
thothosbeen
recorded,
press
the fumble switchfor o few seconds.
When you releoseit, you ore oble to reqd ihe
resultelsewhereunder
betfer
light
conditions.
When pressing
lhe upperhump of thetumble
switch,
thevolues
1to12 oppeor in the upper
cui-outof the scole,the upper scoledivisions
belong to it.When pressing
the lower hump
of thetumbleswifch,
the
volues
12io22 oppeor in the lower cut-out
of the scole,
the lower
scole
divisionsbelong to this. lf you releosethe tumble switch
the correct
row of figures
remoinsto besee,n,i.e.
those
figures
which belcng to the before
switched-in
meosuring
ronge.
Your LUNASIXshowsolwoys lhe correctreodings.
Tronsfer this reoding to the yellow scole (16)
by iurning the knurled setting ring (8) until
the indicoted volue oppeors opposile thewhite mork.
Now you con reod the result - o row of combinotions of opertures ond times (6 ond 5)
exposurevolues
(17)
or fromes
persecond
for cine
(13).
See
olsopoge
38.
4
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I
Meosurement
- in
deroil I
With the reflectedlight method the LUNASIX
occepts
the reflected
light from subiects
within
o ce,rfoin
ongle.Thusihe meosurement
dependsnot only on ihe intensity
of the illuminotion
bui olsoon ihe coloursond the individuol
brighlness
of the subieclitself.
With identicol illuminotion
the pointer's
deflection
is greoter
with light subiectsthon with
dork subiects.The exposure
meler odds together
the different
single
detoilsof light ond
convertsthem to lhe overoge volue.
lf there ore exlreme controsts
of illuminoiion
ond colour, it is odvisoble to meosure
the
importont
portions
of the sceneto be photogrophed. In block-ond-white
photogrophy,
tor
exomple,
core shouldbe token lo ensure
odequote
detoil in the dork ports,
ond in colour
photogrophy
odequote
detoil in the lightporis.
Come closeto the subiect
but not so neor thot either your own shodow or ihot of the
LUNASIX
folls on the subiect. This
method iscolled the close-upmeosurement.
With ihe incident method - from the subiect towords the comero - the LUNASIX occepts
oll the lightfolling on the subiectfocing the comero. Here,
the colourof the subiect
or its
individuol
brightnessisnot tokeninto
considerotion.

With subiects thot ore difficult to
reoch,the incident method connot
be usedin ils normol form - from
subiect
to exposure
meter. In these
coses
you opply the incident light
method
to o ploce
wiih similorillu-
minotion (Light Meosurement ot
Substitute Locotion). Look for o
plocewhich receives light identicol
to the moinsubieci.
When meosur-
ing, do not point the LUNASIX
towords the comero but porollel to
theimoginory
linebetween
thesub-
iect
ond thecomero.
See
olsopoge
8 ...ll.
6
dl
A
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Checking
the Botteries
With normol
useof the LUNASIX,
the2 Mollory mercury
botteries
supplied
with it hove life
of obout lUz
lo 2 yeors.
Check
the condition
of the botteries
from time
to time,
os follows:
pushthe knurled plote (19)
in the direction of the orrow without pressing
the tumble switch
(t2).lf the poinler (4)
does not move to the red mqrk (10),
the botteries must be reploced.
Openthebottery
comportment
(18)
wiih o coin.
Check
the new botteries
olso os described
qbove.
TeroPoint
Control
When checking
thepointer zero control,
lhe boileriesmuslbe token from their comportment.
Then
press
the tumble switch
(12)
up or down ond the pointer
should come to rest on the
block
mork
ot theleft-hond
side
of the
scole
(3).
lf not,
the pointer(4)
must
be sel
to the block
mork by furning
the zero-point
control
screw
(21)
on the underneoth
side of the LUNASIX.
While this is being done, the tumble switch
must,
of course,
be pressed
osotherwise
the pointer would be locked.

THINKING AND MEASURING
It is necessoryto soy ot the beginning
thot the LUNASIX
connot think for you. Even
the
finest
electronic
broin is helpless
wiihout the scientist
who converts
the problemsto be
solved
so thot they con be processedby the computer. Similorly
with the LUNASIX,
which
onswerstheexposure
questions
put
to it os preciselyos
you osk ihem.
This is not o difficult problem ond it becomes
eosily understondoble
once you become
fomiliqr
with your LUNASIX.
LUNASIXsees
the world you wont to photogroph. This
world consists
of mony ports which
differconsiderobly
in size,
colour
ond brightness.
Inthecoseof reflected
lightmeosurement,
LUNASIX
collects,within o certoin
ongle,light which is reflected
from the mony individuol
ports
of ihe scene;
it odds up oll the light ond strikes
on overoge
for which it indicotes
o
suitoble
exposure
time. And normolly the exposure
indicoted in this monner is perfectly
correct(reflected
light meosurement
- see
olso poge 5).
Unusuol
feotureswhich you - os on ottentiveobserver
- will notice,
moy not be seen
by the
LUNASIX
in quite the some monner. lf the scene
includes
o lorge,
very bright oreo - for
from theoveroge
thotthe LUNASIXwould normolly
colculote
for - it will indicoie
o shorter
I
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exposuretime thon ii woulcj for o lorge, very dork oreo. But
you wont to seethe very light
or very dork in the finished picture os very light or very dork, just os you did in the octuol
scene;
you will not wont to seethemos "grey". Whoi is io be done?Your iudgement
musl
guidethe LUNASIX;
for if there
ore extensive
very dork or very bright oreos in the scene,
do not pointthe LUNASIX
directlyot them,
but toke overoge
ports
of the scene.Poy
oiten-
tion to the
You con seein the view finder,
or on the groundgloss
screen
of your comero,
exoctly
whot
will be included
in your picture. The LUNASIX
connot
orienioteitself
! Of course
you will
wont to know whot porls of the scene
ore includedin the reflecied
light meosurement.
The comero,
with your help, selectsits "rectongle" or "squore"l the LUNASIX covers o
' meosuring
"circle". Whotever lies
outsidethese
voriousshoped
oreosremoins
unseen,
bul
you con eosily estimotefhe sizeof the LUNASIXmeosurement
oreo by comporisonwith the
finder
or groundgloss
imoge. Theillustroiions
show
the relotionship
beiween
them
for both
35mm
comeros
(24x36mm) with vorious focol length lenses,
ond for 2'/rx2r/t" comeros,
when reflected light meosurements
ore mode from the comero position.
Meosuring
Areqof the LUNASIX

Themeosuring
oreo
of the
LUNASIX
corresponds
to o lightocceptonce
ongleof 30n
For
35mm
comeros
(24
x36
mm) For 211+x
21/+"
comeros
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This
smollmeosuring
oreq is o poriiculor
odvontoge
of the LUNASIX.lt permits
very
occurote,corefully
oimed
meosurements.
You
conmoke
selectivereodings
of vorious
ports
ofoscene
or o subiect for more
eosily
thon
with
ordinory
exposure
meie'rs.
ThesensitiveIndicotor
Needle
of theLUNASIX
tells
youverycleorly
whether
o scenehos
uniformdistribution
of brightnessor not.
With close-up
meqsuremenls,for exomple,
you con
wolk up to the importont
pori of the
sceneond observe
- with pressed
down tumble
swiich
- how the needle
behoves.lf the
importont
port
ond
the
surroundingoreohove
ihe
identicol
brightness,
the
needle
will not
move.
Otherwise,theneedle
position
will chonge.
By
followingthismethod,
you
con
soon
tellif you
hove
onlytheimportont
port
of thescene
withinthe
meosuring
oreoofyour LUNASIX.
Inci enl
$/ith tfut5.+peisuring
method,
your LUNASIX"sees"only the light which folls on thot port of
the scene
which is focing the comero - in other words the porl which will be photogrophed.
Theresult
of this meosurement
does not toke into occountthe colour or brightnessof ihe
sceneitself.Thus,incident
light meosurement
is ideol for the previous
exomplewith exten-
sive
very bright or very dqrk oreos
- it will give you perfeci results.
\,
,t ll

[q=.,perf=a"E*p*urel
The correct exposurefor ony scene
thot con be photogrophed con be determined with the
LUNASIX!
But-when is
o scene
"perfectly"
exposed?
Thotis not olwoys
so eosyto onswer.
For ihe omoteur,
especiolly
the beginner,the overoll impression
is usuolly
decisive. But
soon
one's
demonds
becomemore
siringent,
especiollywhen results
ore compored.
"Perfecf
exposure"
normolly meons thot the brightest
portions of o colour tronsporency
ond the
dorkest
poriions
of o block-ond-white
print
should
showsomedetoil!
With colour film - which, os you know,requires
more criiicolexposure
- the lighier portions
of o sceneusuolly
determinethe exposure.Therefore,
keep on eye on such
lighter
oreos
ond preferobly
exposeo little
shorier
rolherthon longer,
to get morebrilliont
colours.
ln block-ond-white,however, the shodowy portions which ore to hove some detoil in the
finished print must be given considerolion. Therefore,
wotch the dorker oreos ond expose
o little longer
rotherthon
ioo little.
Most importoni: Becriticol of your results. Anolyze your printsond your colour tronspoi.en-
cies for possible
mistokes
or errors in judgement. Leorn from your experience:
Foilure
properly
onolyzed
will soon leod
to consistent
success!
Remember
thot when there ore extreme
controsts
in o scene,the film moy not be oble'to
cope with them. Do not blome the LUNASIX!
You will hove to compromise
with ihe limi-
totions of the film by exposing o step more or less
thon indicoted by the LUNASIX. You
will reod more obout this in the "Review of Subiects".
Aboui "exposuresteps" see poge 40.
12
;.il
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The
Personql
Touch
?9 you reolly hove to expose
very criticolly every time? There
ore two possible
onswers
to
this
question:
(1) On block-ond-white
negotive
film you will get good negotives
olmost
without exception
ond withoutfuss.
(2) Reversol
colour film is more criticol. Deviotions
from correct exposure
will produce
. tronsporencies
fhot
ore
eithertoo light
or too
dork;
you
moy
olso
get
distortion
of colours.
Now, you must remember thot lhe occurote exposuie infoimotio-n which your LUNASIX
gives
you moy not evenbe fully utilized
becouse
oll sorts
of "toleronces"
must
be reckoned
with:
(o)
The
octuol
(b)
Theoctuol
shutter.
(c)
Theactuol
sco
Ie.
sensitivity
of o film moy difier from the one indicoted
on the film pockoge.
shutterspeedsof your comero moy differ from the volues engroved on ih"
lens openings moy differ from the volues engroved on your comero f-stop
(d) The
film development
moy notolwoys
be identicol.
(e) In oddition,
purely
subiective
considerotions
ond motters
of toste
enter into the evolu-
otion of the
finished
print or slide.
lf you moke severol exposures
of the some scene or subiect with vorious exposure times,
you will olmosi neverget co-mplete
ogreementomong difierent judges
os to wnicn n"goiiuu
or which slide received
"perfect" exposure! -

ft However,
you con odopt your LUNASIXexposure
reodingsto the cho,rocier
of your comero/
your fovourite film, your type of processing,
your proiector - in other words to your per-
sonql louch.
Useo reversol
colour film; select
severol
"normol" scenes
(see
poge 18,
"Normol Scene");
loke cqreful reflectedond incident light meosurements
ond shootl But - eoch time moke o
seriesof 5 exposures;
in oddition to the one of the indicoied exposure
time, moke one eoch
of o full step
ond one-holf
siep more ond lessthon indicoted
by LUNASIX. Moke complete
notes of the reodings ond of ony speciol conditions. When you hove your finished
tronsporencies,
select
the ones which, in your iudgement,
ore "perfect" ond compore them
with your notes
concerning
exposure
meosurements,
etc.
lf they're right - ond in most coses
they will be - everything is fine. Otherwise, determine
by how muchyou need to increose or decreosefuture exposure reodings to get the besi
results.
With this odiustment
you hove then goined Your Personol
Touch.
Shq for Motionqnd De of Field '1
of your
LUNASIX
moylind
1/soo 1/tooo
2.8 2
After you hove token o light meosurement,
the computer scoles
up something
like this: -
time
tt
14
1/s
t2 1/co
I1
/rts
5.6 1
lzso
4
1/rs llzo
16 11
,#fu,iirJ-'..r-. :,,1,;{|ii
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Eight
combinotions
of which
you moy r"eolly
useonly one! Now, which combinotionmight
be "the best"? The LUNASIX
hos done its bestby giving you os mony equivoleni poirsso
thot you moy select
o reolly suitoble
one. After oll, o properly exposed
picture
must
olso
be in shorp focus
- which meonsihot you hove to ignore some operture (f-stop)
settings
ond
someshutter
speeds.
Motion colls for o short exposure to prevent o blurred imoge. (Your comero instruction
book or ony good photogrophic monuol will give you informotion obouf "slowest permis-
sible shutter speeds" for moving obiects.) Needless to soy, sports pictures demond the
shortest
exposures
(l/zsolol/rooosec.)
ond normol motion con be stopped with medium speeds
(t/co
to l/zso)
while, for still scenes,the slower speeds
(1/ro
io 1/+
sec.)
ore odequote.Of course,
for the slow speeds,
you'll need o good tripod or other comero
support to ovoid lock of
shorpness
due to comero shoke.
Depth of Field.
Since,usuolly,
you will wont io hove neor ond distont obiectsequolly shorp
in your piclures,
you'll hove to "close down" the lens. How much? The depth-of-field scole
of your lens,or o seporote
depth-of-field
toble,
will tell you. A smollerlens
opening
gives
you thedesired
greoter
depth
bui- it collsfor o longer
exposure.
The conflicting demonds of motion ond depth of field reduce the choice of f-stops ond
shutter
speedsto such
on extent thot, generolly, only o few possible choices
remoin. Let's
soy you need o shutter speed of of leost 1/eo
s€c. to stop motion in o scene ond, to get
odequote depth of field, you need o lens opening of f/5.6or smoller. With the exposure
reoding shown obove, you would only hove the choice between using f/8 with t/oo
sec.,or
f/5.6 wiih t/rzs
s€c.
l5