HP HP 8712ET User manual

User’s Guide
HP 8712ET and HP 8714ET
RF Network Analyzers
HP Part No. 08714-90011
Printed in USA
Print Date: October 1999
Supersedes: November 1998
© Copyright 1998, 1999 Hewlett-Packard Company

ii ET User’s Guide
Notice
The information contained in this document is subject to change without
notice. Hewlett-Packard makes no warranty of any kind with regard to
this material, including but not limited to, the implied warranties of
merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose. Hewlett-Packard
shall not be liable for errors contained herein or for incidental or
consequential damages in connection with the furnishing, performance,
or use of this material.
Key Conventions
This manual uses the following conventions:
This represents a key physically located on the
instrument (a “hardkey”).
This indicates a “softkey,” a key whose label is
determined by the instrument’s firmware, and is
displayed on the right side of the instrument’s screen
next to the eight unlabeled keys.
Screen Text
This indicates text displayed on the instrument’s screen.
Safety Information
For safety and regulatory information see Chapter 10, “Safety and
Regulatory Information.” For warranty and assistance information see
Chapter 9, “Specifications.”
FRONT PANEL KEY
Softkey

ET User’s Guide iii
Firmware Revision
This manual documents analyzers with firmware revisions E.06.00 and
above.
Acknowledgments
Portions of the software include source code from the Info–ZIP group.
This code is freely available on the Internet by anonymous ftp
asftp.uu.net:/pub/archiving/zip/unzip51/.tar.Z, and from CompuServe
asunz51.zip in the IBMPRO forum, library 10, (data compression).
Lotus® 1-2-3® are U.S. registered trademarks of Lotus Development
Corporation.
Windows, Word97, and Excel97are registered trademarks of
Microsoft Corp.

iv ET User’s Guide
Introducing the Analyzer
The HP 8712ET and HP 8714ET are easy-to-use RF network analyzers
optimized for production measurements of reflection and transmission
parameters. The instrument integrates an RF synthesized source,
transmission/reflection test set, multi-mode receivers, and display in one
compact box.
The source features 1 Hz resolution, 40 ms (or faster) sweep time, and up
to +16 dBm output power.
The three-channel, dual mode receivers provide dynamic range of
greater than 100 dB in narrowband measurement mode. For
measurements of frequency-translating devices, the network analyzer
features broadband internal detectors and external detector inputs. The
receivers incorporate digital signal processing and microprocessor
control to speed operation and measurement throughput.
Two independent measurement channels and a large display show the
measured results of one or two receiver channels in several
user-selectable formats. An external VGA monitor can be connected to
the rear panel for enhanced measurement viewing in color.
Measurement functions are selected with front panel hardkey and
softkey menus. Measurements can be printed or plotted directly with a
compatible peripheral. Instrument states can be saved to the internal
floppy disk, internal non-volatile memory, or internal volatile memory.
Built-in service diagnostics are available to simplify troubleshooting
procedures
Measurement calibrations and data averaging provide performance
improvement and flexibility. Measurement calibrations consist of
normalizing data, utilizing the internal factory calibration, or calibrating
with external standards. Measurement calibration reduces errors
associated with crosstalk, directivity, frequency response, and source
match. Refer to Chapter 9, “Specifications,” for error correction
specifications.

ET User’s Guide v
How to Use This Guide
The first 6 chapters of this guide explain how to perform measurements,
calibrate the instrument, and use the most common instrument
functions.
Chapters 7 through 11 are reference material. Use these chapters to look
up information such as front panel features, specific key functions, and
specifications.

vi ET User’s Guide
HP 8712ET and HP 8714ET
Network Analyzer
Documentation Map
The CDROM provides the contents of all of the documents
listed below.
The User’s Guide shows how to make measurements,
explains commonly-used features, and tells you how to get
the most performance from the analyzer.
The LAN Interface User’s Guide Supplement shows
how to use a local area network (LAN) for programming and
remote operation of the analyzer.
The Automating Measurements User’s Guide
Supplement provides information on how to configure and
control test systems for automation of test processes.
The Programmer’s Guide provides programming
information including HP-IB and SCPI command references,
as well as short programming examples.
The Example Programs Guide provides a tutorial
introduction using BASIC programming examples to
demonstrate the remote operation of the analyzer.

ET User’s Guide vii
The Service Guide provides the information needed to
adjust, troubleshoot, repair, and verify analyzer conformance
to published specifications.
The HP Instrument BASIC User’s Handbook describes
programming and interfacing techniques using
HP Instrument BASIC, and includes a language reference.
The HP Instrument BASIC User’s Handbook
Supplement shows how to use HP Instrument BASIC to
program the analyzer.
The Option 100 Fault Location and Structural Return
Loss Measurements User’s Guide Supplement provides
theory and measurement examples for making fault location
and SRL measurements. (Shipped only with Option 100
analyzers.)
The CATV Quick Start Guide provides abbreviated
instructions for testing the quality of coaxial cables.
(Shipped only with Option 100 analyzers.)
The Cellular Antenna Quick Start Guide provides
abbreviated instructions for verifying the performance of
cellular antenna systems. (Shipped only with Option 100
analyzers.)

viii ET User’s Guide

Contents
Contents-ix
1. Installing the Analyzer
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2
Step 1. Check the Shipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3
Step 2. Meet Electrical and Environmental Requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-4
Step 3. Check the Analyzer Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-9
Step 4. Configure the Analyzer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-10
Connecting Peripherals and Controllers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-11
Installing the Analyzer in a Rack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-16
Preventive Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-17
Clean the CRT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-17
Check the RF Front Panel Connectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-17
2. Getting Started
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2
Front Panel Tour . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3
Entering Measurement Parameters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4
Presetting the Analyzer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5
Entering Frequency Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-6
Entering Source Power Level. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-6
Scaling the Measurement Trace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-6
Entering Active Measurement Channel and Measurement Type. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-7
Viewing Measurement Channels. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-8
Performing the Operator's Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-10
Equipment List. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-10
Make a Transmission Measurement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-11
Make a Broadband Power Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-13
Make a Reflection Measurement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-14
If the Analyzer Fails the Operator's Check. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-17
3. Making Measurements
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-2
Measuring Devices with Your Network Analyzer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-3
Attenuation and Amplification in a Measurement Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-7
When to Change the System Impedance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-8
The Typical Measurement Sequence. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-9
Using the BEGIN Key to Make Measurements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-10

Contents-x
Contents
BEGIN Key Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-11
Using the BEGIN Key to Configure Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-12
AUTOST files. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-14
The User BEGIN Function. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-14
Measuring Transmission Response. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-15
Enter the Measurement Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-15
Perform an Enhanced Response Calibration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-16
Measuring Reflection Response. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-32
Enter the Measurement Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-32
Perform a One-Port Reflection Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-33
Connect the DUT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-35
View and Interpret the Reflection Measurement Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-37
Making a Power Measurement using Broadband Detection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-39
Enter the Measurement Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-40
Perform a Normalization Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-41
Connect the DUT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-42
View and Interpret the Power Measurement Results. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-43
Measuring Conversion Loss. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-45
Enter the Measurement Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-46
Perform a Normalization Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-46
Connect the DUT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-48
View and Interpret the Conversion Loss Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-49
Making Measurements with the Auxiliary Input. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-51
Auxiliary Input Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-52
Measuring Group Delay. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-53
Enter the Measurement Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-54
Perform an Enhanced Response Calibration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-54
Connect the DUT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-55
View and Interpret the Group Delay Measurement Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-55
Measuring Impedance using the Smith Chart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-57
Enter the Measurement Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-57
Perform a One-Port Reflection Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-58
Connect the DUT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-58
View and Interpret the Impedance Measurement Results. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-59
Measuring Impedance Magnitude. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-63
How the Reflection Measurement Works. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-63
How the Transmission Measurement Works. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-64

Contents
Contents-xi
4. Using Instrument Functions
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-2
Using Markers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-3
To Activate Markers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-5
To Turn Markers Off . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-5
To Use Marker Search Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-6
To Use Marker Math Functions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-18
To Use Delta (∆) Marker Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-24
To Use Other Marker Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-26
To Use Polar Format Markers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-27
To Use Smith Chart Markers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-27
Using Limit Testing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-28
To Create a Flat Limit Line. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-29
To Create a Sloping Limit Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-30
To Create a Single Point Limit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-32
To Use Marker Limit Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-32
To Use Relative Limits. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-36
Other Limit Line Functions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-37
Additional Notes on Limit Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-39
Using Reference Tracking. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-42
To Track the Peak Point. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-43
To Track a Frequency. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-44
Customizing the Display. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-45
Using the Split Display Feature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-46
Enabling/Disabling Display Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-47
Modifying Display Annotation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-48
Expanding the Displayed Measurement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-52
Saving and Recalling Measurement Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-55
Saving Instrument Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-57
To Recall from a Floppy Disk or Internal Memory. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-60
Other File Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-63
To Use Directory Utilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-65
Formatting a Floppy Disk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-66
Connecting and Configuring Printers and Plotters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-67
Select a Compatible Plotter or Printer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-67
Select an Appropriate Interface Cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-67
Connect the Printer or Plotter. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-69

Contents-xii
Contents
Configure the Hardcopy Port . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-70
Define the Printer or Plotter Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-72
Printing and Plotting Measurement Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-77
To Select the Copy Port. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-77
To Define the Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-78
Using a Keyboard. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-82
To Connect the Keyboard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-82
To Use the Keyboard to Edit. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-82
Front Panel Control using a Keyboard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-83
Using an External VGA Monitor. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-86
Customizing Color on an External Monitor. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-86
Synchronizing and Positioning the Display. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-88
5. Optimizing Measurements
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-2
Increasing Sweep Speed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-3
To Increase the Start Frequency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-3
To Set the Sweep Time to AUTO Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-4
To Widen the System Bandwidth. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-4
To Reduce the Amount of Averaging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-5
To Reduce the Number of Measurement Points . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-5
To View a Single Measurement Channel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-6
To Turn Off Alternate Sweep . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-7
To Turn Off Markers and Marker Tracking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-7
To Turn Off Spur Avoidance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-8
To Avoid Frequency Bandcrossings (HP 8714ET only). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-8
Increasing Network Analyzer Dynamic Range. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-9
To Increase the Receiver Input Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-9
To Reduce the Receiver Noise Floor. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-10
Reducing Trace Noise. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-12
To Activate Averaging for Reducing Trace Noise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-12
To Change System Bandwidth for Reducing Trace Noise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-12
To Eliminate Receiver Spurious Responses. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-13
Reducing Mismatch Errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-15
Reducing Mismatch Errors in a Reflection Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-15
Reducing Mismatch Errors in a Transmission Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-16

Contents
Contents-xiii
Reducing Mismatch Errors when Measuring Both Reflection and Transmission . 5-16
Compensating for Phase Shift in Measurement Setups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-17
Port Extensions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-17
Electrical Delay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-18
Measuring Devices with Long Electrical Delay. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-19
6. Calibrating for Increased Measurement Accuracy
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-2
Measurement Calibration Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-2
The Calibration Reference Plane. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-5
Default versus User-Defined Calibration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-6
When to Use a Default Calibration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-6
When to Perform a User-Defined Calibration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-6
Calibration Choices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-7
Retrieving Previous User-Defined Calibrations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-10
Presetting the Analyzer: How Calibration Is Affected. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-10
To Perform a Normalization Calibration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-11
To Perform a Transmission Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-12
To Perform a Reflection Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-14
To Perform a Conversion Loss Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-15
Calibration Kits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-16
Selecting a Calibration Kit Stored in the Analyzer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-16
Creating a User-Defined Calibration Kit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-18
Saving and Recalling the Calibration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-26
Saving the Calibration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-26
Recalling the Calibration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-27
Checking the Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-28
Using Calibration Check for Analysis and Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-28
To Perform a Calibration Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-29
Error Term Descriptions and Typical Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-31

Contents-xiv
Contents
7. Front/Rear Panel
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-2
Connectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-3
BNC Connectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-4
Multi-pin Connectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-7
RF Connectors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-15
Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-16
Knob . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-18
Power Switch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-19
Display Intensity Control. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-20
Disk Drive. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-21
Line Module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-22
Power Cables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-22
The Line Fuse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-24
The Voltage Selector Switch. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-25
8. Hardkey/Softkey Reference
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-2
Numeric Entries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-3
A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-5
B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-11
C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-14
D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-20
E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-27
F. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-30
G . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-35
H . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-37
I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-42
K . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-45
L. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-46
M . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-52
N . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-60
O . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-63
P. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-64
R . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-69
S. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-76

Contents
Contents-xv
T . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-89
U . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-94
V . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-96
W. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-98
X . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-99
Y . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-100
Z . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-102
9. Specifications
Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-2
System Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-3
Test Port Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-14
Test Port Input. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-20
General Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-29
Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-35
Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-35
Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-37
Data Hardcopy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-37
Automation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-38
Measurement Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-40
Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-43
Warranty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-45
Limitation of Warranty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-46
Exclusive Remedies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-46
Hewlett-Packard Sales and Service Offices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-47
10. Safety and Regulatory Information
Safety and Regulatory Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-2
Safety Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-3
Warnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-3
Cautions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-4
Statement of Compliance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-4
Cleaning Instructions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-4
Shipping Instructions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-4
Instrument Markings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-5
Regulatory Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-6

Contents-xvi
Contents
Notice for Germany: Noise Declaration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10-6
Declaration of Conformity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10-6
11. Factory Preset State and Memory Allocation
Factory Preset and Peripheral States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11-2
Factory Preset State . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11-2
Peripheral State . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11-8
Volatile Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11-12
Save/Recall Memory Allocation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11-13
Types of Storage Disks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11-13
Types of Storable Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11-15
How to Determine the Size of Disk Files. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11-16
Memory Usage Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11-18

ET User’s Guide 1-1
1 Installing the Analyzer

1-2 ET User’s Guide
Installing the Analyzer
Introduction
Introduction
This chapter will guide you through the four steps needed to correctly
and safely install your network analyzer. The four steps are:
•“Step 1. Check the Shipment” on page 1-3
•“Step 2. Meet Electrical and Environmental Requirements” on
page 1-4
•“Step 3. Check the Analyzer Operation” on page 1-9
•“Step 3. Check the Analyzer Operation” on page 1-9

ET User’s Guide 1-3
Installing the Analyzer
Step 1. Check the Shipment
Step 1. Check the Shipment
After you have unpacked your instrument, it is recommended that you
keep the packaging materials so they may be used if your instrument
should need to be returned for maintenance or repair.
NOTE The packaging material is designed to protect the analyzer from damage
that can happen during shipping. Returning the analyzer in anything
other than the original packaging may result in non-warranted damage.
Check the items received against the Product Checklist (included in your
shipment) to make sure that you received everything.
Inspect the analyzer and all accessories for any signs of damage that
may have occurred during shipment. If your analyzer or any accessories
appear to be damaged or missing, call your nearest Hewlett-Packard
sales or service office. Refer to Table 9-8, “Hewlett-Packard Sales and
Service Offices,” on page 9-48 for the nearest office.

1-4 ET User’s Guide
Installing the Analyzer
Step 2. Meet Electrical and Environmental Requirements
Step 2. Meet Electrical and
Environmental Requirements
1. Set the line voltage selector to the position that corresponds to the ac
power source you will be using.
CAUTION Before switching on this instrument, make sure that the line voltage
selector switch is set to the voltage of the mains supply and the correct
fuse (T 5 A 250 V) is installed. Assure the supply voltage is in the
specified range.
NOTE The working fuse and a spare are located in the power cable receptacle.
See Figure 7-13 on page 7-24.
Figure 1-1 Voltage Selector Switch Location