HPE FlexNetwork HSR6800 series User manual

HPE FlexNetwork HSR6800 Routers
Layer 3—IP Routing Configuration Guide
Part number:5998-4492R
Software version: HSR6800-CMW520-R3303P25
Document version: 6W105-20151231

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Contents
IP routing basics ····························································································· 1
Routing table······················································································································································1
Dynamic routing protocols ·································································································································2
Route preference ···············································································································································2
Load sharing ······················································································································································3
Route backup·····················································································································································3
Route recursion··················································································································································3
Route redistribution············································································································································3
Displaying and maintaining a routing table ········································································································3
Configuring static routing ················································································ 6
Configuring a static route ···································································································································6
Configuring BFD for static routes·······················································································································7
BFD control packet mode···························································································································7
BFD echo packet mode······························································································································8
Configuring static route FRR······························································································································8
Configuration prerequisites ························································································································9
Configuration guidelines·····························································································································9
Configuration procedure·····························································································································9
Displaying and maintaining static routes············································································································9
Static route configuration examples·················································································································10
Basic static route configuration example··································································································10
BFD for static routes configuration example (direct next hop) ·································································12
BFD for static routes configuration example (indirect next hop) ······························································14
Static route FRR configuration example ··································································································17
Configuring a default route············································································ 19
Configuring RIP····························································································· 20
Overview ··························································································································································20
RIP route entries ······································································································································20
RIP timers ················································································································································20
Routing loop prevention ···························································································································20
RIP operation ···········································································································································21
RIP versions·············································································································································21
Supported RIP features····························································································································21
Protocols and standards ··························································································································22
RIP configuration task list ································································································································22
Configuring basic RIP ······································································································································22
Enabling RIP ············································································································································23
Configuring the interface behavior ···········································································································23
Configuring a RIP version ························································································································23
Configuring RIP route control···························································································································24
Configuring an additional routing metric···································································································24
Configuring RIPv2 route summarization ··································································································25
Disabling host route reception··················································································································26
Advertising a default route ·······················································································································26
Configuring received/redistributed route filtering······················································································27
Configuring a preference for RIP ·············································································································27
Configuring RIP route redistribution ·········································································································28
Tuning and optimizing RIP networks ···············································································································28
Configuration prerequisites ······················································································································28
Configuring RIP timers ·····························································································································28
Configuring split horizon and poison reverse ···························································································29
Configuring the maximum number of ECMP routes·················································································29
Enabling zero field check on incoming RIPv1 messages·········································································30
Enabling source IP address check on incoming RIP updates··································································30

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Configuring RIPv2 message authentication ·····························································································30
Specifying a RIP neighbor························································································································31
Configuring RIP-to-MIB binding ···············································································································31
Configuring the RIP packet sending rate ·································································································31
Configuring RIP FRR ·······································································································································32
Configuring BFD for RIP ··································································································································33
Enabling single-hop echo detection (for a directly connected RIP neighbor)···········································33
Configuring single-hop echo detection (for a specific destination)···························································33
Enabling bidirectional control detection····································································································34
Displaying and maintaining RIP ·······················································································································34
RIP configuration examples ·····························································································································35
Configuring RIP version ···························································································································35
Configuring RIP route redistribution ·········································································································36
Configuring an additional metric for a RIP interface·················································································39
Configuring RIP to advertise a summary route ························································································40
Configuring RIP FRR ·······························································································································42
Configuring BFD for RIP (single-hop echo detection) ··············································································44
Configure BFD for RIP (single-hop echo detection for a specified destination) ·······································47
Configuring BFD for RIP (bidirectional control detection) ········································································50
Troubleshooting RIP ········································································································································54
No RIP updates received ·························································································································54
Route oscillation occurred························································································································54
Configuring OSPF························································································· 55
Overview ··························································································································································55
OSPF packets ··········································································································································55
LSA types·················································································································································55
OSPF area ···············································································································································56
Router types·············································································································································58
Route types ··············································································································································59
Route calculation······································································································································59
OSPF network types ································································································································60
DR and BDR ············································································································································60
Protocols and standards ··························································································································61
OSPF configuration task list·····························································································································61
Enabling OSPF ················································································································································63
Configuration prerequisites ······················································································································63
Configuration guidelines···························································································································63
Configuration procedure···························································································································63
Configuring OSPF areas··································································································································64
Configuration prerequisites ······················································································································64
Configuring a stub area····························································································································64
Configuring an NSSA area·······················································································································65
Configuring a virtual link···························································································································66
Configuring OSPF network types·····················································································································66
Configuration prerequisites ······················································································································67
Configuring the broadcast network type for an interface··········································································67
Configuring the NBMA network type for an interface ···············································································67
Configuring the P2MP network type for an interface················································································68
Configuring the P2P network type for an interface···················································································68
Configuring OSPF route control·······················································································································69
Configuration prerequisites ······················································································································69
Configuring OSPF route summarization ··································································································69
Configuring OSPF inbound route filtering ································································································70
Configuring ABR Type-3 LSA filtering······································································································70
Configuring an OSPF cost for an interface ······························································································71
Configuring the maximum number of ECMP routes·················································································71
Configuring OSPF preference··················································································································72
Configuring OSPF route redistribution ·····································································································72
Advertising a host route ···························································································································73
Tuning and optimizing OSPF networks············································································································74
Configuration prerequisites ······················································································································74

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Configuring OSPF packet timers··············································································································74
Specifying LSA transmission delay ··········································································································75
Specifying SPF calculation interval ··········································································································75
Specifying the LSA arrival interval ···········································································································76
Specifying the LSA generation interval ····································································································76
Disabling interfaces from receiving and sending OSPF packets ·····························································76
Configuring stub routers···························································································································77
Configuring OSPF authentication·············································································································77
Adding the interface MTU into DD packets ······························································································78
Configuring the maximum number of external LSAs in LSDB ·································································79
Enabling compatibility with RFC 1583······································································································79
Logging neighbor state changes ··············································································································79
Configuring OSPF network management ································································································79
Enabling message logging ·······················································································································80
Enabling the advertisement and reception of opaque LSAs ····································································80
Configuring OSPF to give priority to receiving and processing hello packets··········································81
Configuring the LSU transmit rate············································································································81
Enabling OSPF ISPF ·······························································································································81
Configuring OSPF FRR ···································································································································82
Configuring OSPF GR ·····································································································································83
Configuring the OSPF GR restarter ·········································································································83
Configuring the OSPF GR helper·············································································································84
Triggering OSPF GR································································································································85
Configuring OSPF NSR ···································································································································85
Configuring BFD for OSPF ······························································································································86
Configuring control packet bidirectional detection····················································································86
Configuring echo packet single-hop detection ·························································································86
Displaying and maintaining OSPF ···················································································································87
OSPF configuration examples ·························································································································88
Configuring OSPF basic functions ···········································································································88
Configuring OSPF route redistribution ·····································································································91
Configuring OSPF to advertise a summary route ····················································································93
Configuring an OSPF stub area ···············································································································95
Configuring an OSPF NSSA area ············································································································98
Configuring OSPF DR election ··············································································································100
Configuring OSPF virtual links ···············································································································103
Configuring OSPF GR····························································································································105
Configuring OSPF NSR ·························································································································108
Configuring route filtering ·······················································································································109
Configuring OSPF FRR··························································································································112
Configuring BFD for OSPF·····················································································································114
Troubleshooting OSPF configuration·············································································································118
No OSPF neighbor relationship established ··························································································118
Incorrect routing information ··················································································································118
Configuring IS-IS························································································· 119
Overview ························································································································································119
Terminology ···········································································································································119
IS-IS address format ······························································································································119
NET ························································································································································120
IS-IS area ···············································································································································121
IS-IS network types ································································································································122
IS-IS PDUs·············································································································································123
Supported IS-IS features························································································································129
Protocols and standards ························································································································131
IS-IS configuration task list ····························································································································132
Configuring IS-IS basic functions···················································································································133
Configuration prerequisites ····················································································································133
Enabling IS-IS ········································································································································133
Configuring the IS level and circuit level ································································································134
Configuring the network type of an interface as P2P ·············································································134
Configuring IS-IS routing information control ·································································································135

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Configuration prerequisites ····················································································································135
Configuring IS-IS link cost······················································································································135
Specifying a priority for IS-IS··················································································································136
Configuring the maximum number of ECMP routes···············································································137
Configuring IS-IS route summarization ··································································································137
Advertising a default route ·····················································································································137
Configuring IS-IS route redistribution ·····································································································138
Configuring IS-IS route filtering ··············································································································138
Configuring IS-IS route leaking ··············································································································139
Tuning and optimizing IS-IS networks ···········································································································139
Configuration prerequisites ····················································································································139
Specifying intervals for sending IS-IS hello and CSNP packets ····························································140
Specifying the IS-IS hello multiplier········································································································140
Configuring a DIS priority for an interface ······························································································140
Disabling an interface from sending/receiving IS-IS packets ·································································141
Disabling hello source address check for a PPP interface·····································································141
Enabling an interface to send small hello packets ·················································································141
Configuring LSP parameters··················································································································142
Configuring SPF parameters··················································································································145
Assigning a high priority to IS-IS routes ·································································································145
Setting the LSDB overload bit ················································································································146
Configuring system ID to host name mappings ·····················································································146
Enabling the logging of neighbor state changes ····················································································147
Enhancing IS-IS network security ··················································································································147
Configuration prerequisites ····················································································································148
Configuring neighbor relationship authentication ···················································································148
Configuring area authentication ·············································································································148
Configuring routing domain authentication·····························································································149
Configuring IS-IS GR ·····································································································································149
Configuring IS-IS NSR ···································································································································150
Configuring IS-IS FRR ···································································································································150
Enabling IS-IS SNMP trap ·····························································································································151
Binding an IS-IS process with MIBs ···············································································································152
Configuring BFD for IS-IS ······························································································································152
Configuring IS-IS MTR···································································································································152
Displaying and maintaining IS-IS ···················································································································154
IS-IS configuration examples ·························································································································155
IS-IS basic configuration ························································································································155
DIS election configuration ······················································································································159
Configuring IS-IS route redistribution ·····································································································163
IS-IS GR configuration example·············································································································166
IS-IS NSR configuration example ··········································································································168
IS-IS FRR configuration example···········································································································170
IS-IS authentication configuration example····························································································173
Configuring BFD for IS-IS ······················································································································175
Configuring IS-IS MTR ···························································································································178
Configuring BGP ························································································· 184
Overview ························································································································································184
BGP speaker and BGP peer ··················································································································184
BGP message types ······························································································································184
BGP path attributes································································································································184
BGP route selection ·······························································································································189
BGP route advertisement rules ··············································································································189
BGP load balancing ·······························································································································189
Settlements for problems in large-scale BGP networks·········································································190
MP-BGP ·················································································································································193
Protocols and standards ························································································································194
BGP configuration task list ·····························································································································194
Configuring basic BGP···································································································································197
Enabling BGP·········································································································································197
Configuring a BGP peer ·························································································································197

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Configuring a BGP peer group···············································································································198
Configuring the BGP dynamic peer feature ···························································································201
Specifying the source interface for TCP connections ············································································202
Controlling route generation···························································································································203
Configuration prerequisites ····················································································································203
Injecting a local network·························································································································203
Redistributing IGP routes ·······················································································································204
Controlling route distribution and reception ···································································································204
Configuring BGP route summarization···································································································204
Advertising a default route to a peer or peer group················································································205
Configuring BGP route distribution/reception filtering policies ·······························································206
Enabling BGP and IGP route synchronization ·······················································································208
Limiting prefixes received from a peer or peer group·············································································209
Configuring BGP route dampening ········································································································210
Controlling BGP path selection ······················································································································210
Specifying a preferred value for routes received····················································································210
Configuring preferences for BGP routes ································································································211
Configure the default local preference ···································································································212
Configuring the MED attribute················································································································212
Configuring the NEXT_HOP attribute ····································································································215
Configuring the AS_PATH attribute ·······································································································216
Tuning and optimizing BGP networks ············································································································219
Configuring the BGP keepalive interval and holdtime············································································219
Configuring the interval for sending the same update············································································220
Enabling the BGP ORF capability ··········································································································220
Enabling 4-byte AS number suppression·······························································································221
Enabling quick reestablishment of direct EBGP session ·······································································222
Enabling MD5 authentication for BGP peers ·························································································222
Configuring BGP load balancing ············································································································223
Forbidding session establishment with a peer or peer group·································································223
Configuring GTSM for BGP····················································································································224
Disabling BGP route advertisement to a peer or peer group ·································································225
Configuring BGP soft-reset ····················································································································225
Disabling BGP routing policies from automatically taking effect ····································································226
Configuring a large scale BGP network ·········································································································227
Configuration prerequisites ····················································································································227
Configuring BGP community··················································································································227
Configuring a BGP route reflector ··········································································································228
Configuring a BGP confederation ··········································································································229
Configuring BGP GR······································································································································230
Configuring BGP NSR ···································································································································231
Enabling trap··················································································································································232
Enabling logging of session state changes····································································································232
Configuring BFD for BGP·······························································································································232
Displaying and maintaining BGP ···················································································································233
Displaying BGP ······································································································································233
Resetting BGP session ··························································································································235
Clearing BGP information ······················································································································235
BGP configuration examples ·························································································································235
BGP basic configuration·························································································································235
BGP and IGP synchronization configuration··························································································239
BGP load balancing configuration··········································································································242
BGP route summarization configuration ································································································244
BGP community configuration················································································································247
BGP route reflector configuration···········································································································250
BGP confederation configuration ···········································································································251
BGP path selection configuration···········································································································255
BGP GR configuration····························································································································258
BFD for BGP configuration·····················································································································259
BGP dynamic peer configuration ···········································································································263
Troubleshooting BGP·····································································································································265
BGP peer relationship not established···································································································265

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Configuring policy-based routing ································································ 266
Overview ························································································································································266
Policy······················································································································································266
PBR and track ········································································································································268
PBR configuration task list ·····························································································································268
Configuring a policy ·······································································································································268
Creating a node······································································································································268
Configuring match criteria for a node ·····································································································268
Configuring actions for a node ···············································································································269
Configuring PBR ············································································································································270
Configuring local PBR ····························································································································270
Configuring interface PBR······················································································································270
Displaying and maintaining PBR····················································································································271
PBR configuration examples··························································································································272
Configuring local PBR based on packet type·························································································272
Configuring interface PBR based on packet type ··················································································273
Configuring interface PBR based on packet length ···············································································274
Configuring interface PBR based on reverse input interface ·································································277
Configuring interface PBR on a VLAN interface ····················································································279
Configuring IPv6 static routing ···································································· 281
Overview ························································································································································281
Configuring IPv6 static routing ·······················································································································281
Displaying and maintaining IPv6 static routes ·······························································································282
IPv6 static routing configuration example ······································································································282
Network requirements ····························································································································282
Configuration procedure·························································································································282
Configuring an IPv6 default route ······························································· 285
Configuring RIPng······················································································· 286
Overview ························································································································································286
RIPng working mechanism ····················································································································286
RIPng packet format ······························································································································286
RIPng packet processing procedure ······································································································287
Protocols and standards ························································································································288
RIPng configuration task list ··························································································································288
Configuring RIPng basic functions ·················································································································288
Configuration prerequisites ····················································································································289
Configuration procedure·························································································································289
Configuring RIPng route control·····················································································································289
Configuring an additional routing metric·································································································289
Configuring RIPng route summarization ································································································290
Advertising a default route ·····················································································································290
Configuring a RIPng route filtering policy·······························································································290
Configuring a priority for RIPng··············································································································291
Configuring RIPng route redistribution ···································································································291
Tuning and optimizing the RIPng network ·····································································································291
Configuring RIPng timers ·······················································································································291
Configuring split horizon and poison reverse ·························································································292
Configuring zero field check on RIPng packets ·····················································································293
Configuring the maximum number of ECMP routes···············································································293
Applying IPsec policies for RIPng ··················································································································293
Displaying and maintaining RIPng ·················································································································294
RIPng configuration examples ·······················································································································295
Configuring RIPng basic functions ·········································································································295
Configuring RIPng route redistribution ···································································································297
Configuring RIPng IPsec policies···········································································································299
Configuring OSPFv3 ··················································································· 302
Overview ························································································································································302

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Packets ··················································································································································302
LSA types···············································································································································302
Timers ····················································································································································303
Supported features·································································································································304
Protocols and standards ························································································································304
OSPFv3 configuration task list ·······················································································································304
Enabling OSPFv3 ··········································································································································305
Configuration prerequisites ····················································································································305
Enabling OSPFv3···································································································································305
Configuring OSPFv3 area parameters···········································································································306
Configuration prerequisites ····················································································································306
Configuring an OSPFv3 stub area ·········································································································306
Configuring an OSPFv3 NSSA area ······································································································306
Configuring an OSPFv3 virtual link ········································································································307
Configuring OSPFv3 network types ···············································································································307
Configuration prerequisites ····················································································································308
Configuring the OSPFv3 network type for an interface··········································································308
Configuring an NBMA or P2MP neighbor ······························································································308
Configuring OSPFv3 routing information control ···························································································308
Configuration prerequisites ····················································································································308
Configuring OSPFv3 route summarization·····························································································308
Configuring OSPFv3 inbound route filtering···························································································309
Configuring an OSPFv3 cost for an interface·························································································309
Configuring the maximum number of OSPFv3 ECMP routes ································································310
Configuring a priority for OSPFv3 ··········································································································310
Configuring OSPFv3 route redistribution ·······························································································310
Tuning and optimizing OSPFv3 networks······································································································311
Configuration prerequisites ····················································································································311
Configuring OSPFv3 timers ···················································································································312
Configuring a DR priority for an interface·······························································································312
Ignoring MTU check for DD packets ······································································································313
Disabling interfaces from receiving and sending OSPFv3 packets························································313
Enabling the logging of neighbor state changes ····················································································313
Configuring OSPFv3 GR································································································································314
Configuring GR restarter ························································································································314
Configuring GR helper ···························································································································314
Configuring BFD for OSPFv3·························································································································315
Applying IPsec policies for OSPFv3 ··············································································································315
Displaying and maintaining OSPFv3 ·············································································································317
OSPFv3 configuration examples ···················································································································318
Configuring OSPFv3 areas ····················································································································318
Configuring OSPFv3 DR election···········································································································322
Configuring OSPFv3 route redistribution ·······························································································324
Configuring OSPFv3 GR························································································································327
Configuring BFD for OSPFv3·················································································································329
Configuring OSPFv3 IPsec policies ·······································································································332
Troubleshooting OSPFv3 configuration ·········································································································335
No OSPFv3 neighbor relationship established ······················································································335
Incorrect routing information ··················································································································335
Configuring IPv6 IS-IS ················································································ 337
Overview ························································································································································337
Configuring basic IPv6 IS-IS ··························································································································337
Configuration prerequisites ····················································································································337
Configuration procedure·························································································································337
Configuring IPv6 IS-IS route control ··············································································································338
Configuring BFD for IPv6 IS-IS ······················································································································339
Configuring IPv6 IS-IS MTR···························································································································339
Displaying and maintaining IPv6 IS-IS ···········································································································340
IPv6 IS-IS configuration examples ·················································································································341
IPv6 IS-IS basic configuration example ·································································································341
Configuring BFD for IPv6 IS-IS ··············································································································346

viii
Configuring IPv6 IS-IS MTR···················································································································349
Configuring IPv6 BGP················································································· 352
IPv6 BGP overview ········································································································································352
IPv6 BGP configuration task list·····················································································································352
Configuring IPv6 BGP basic functions ···········································································································353
Configuration prerequisites ····················································································································353
Specifying an IPv6 BGP peer·················································································································353
Injecting a local IPv6 route ·····················································································································354
Configuring a preferred value for routes from a peer or peer group ······················································354
Specifying the source interface for establishing TCP connections ························································355
Allowing the establishment of an indirect EBGP connection··································································355
Configuring a description for an IPv6 peer or peer group ······································································355
Disabling session establishment to an IPv6 peer or peer group ····························································356
Logging IPv6 peer or peer group state changes ····················································································356
Controlling route distribution and reception ···································································································356
Configuration prerequisites ····················································································································357
Configuring IPv6 BGP route redistribution ·····························································································357
Configuring IPv6 BGP route summarization ··························································································357
Advertising a default route to an IPv6 peer or peer group ·····································································357
Configuring outbound route filtering ·······································································································358
Configuring inbound route filtering ·········································································································359
Configuring IPv6 BGP and IGP route synchronization···········································································359
Configuring route dampening·················································································································360
Configuring IPv6 BGP route attributes···········································································································360
Configuration prerequisites ····················································································································360
Configuring IPv6 BGP preference and default LOCAL_PREF and NEXT_HOP attributes ···················360
Configuring the MED attribute················································································································361
Configuring the AS_PATH attribute ·······································································································362
Tuning and optimizing IPv6 BGP networks····································································································362
Configuration prerequisites ····················································································································363
Configuring IPv6 BGP timers ·················································································································363
Configuring IPv6 BGP soft reset ············································································································363
Enabling the IPv6 BGP ORF capability··································································································364
Enabling 4-byte AS number suppression·······························································································365
Configuring the maximum number of ECMP routes···············································································366
Enabling MD5 authentication for TCP connections················································································366
Applying an IPsec policy to an IPv6 BGP peer or peer group································································366
Configuring GTSM for IPv6 BGP ···········································································································367
Configuring a large-scale IPv6 BGP network·································································································368
Configuration prerequisites ····················································································································368
Configuring IPv6 BGP peer group··········································································································368
Configuring IPv6 BGP community··········································································································369
Configuring an IPv6 BGP route reflector································································································370
Configuring 6PE·············································································································································371
Configuration prerequisites ····················································································································371
Configuring basic 6PE capabilities·········································································································371
Configuring optional 6PE capabilities·····································································································372
Configuring BFD for IPv6 BGP ······················································································································373
Displaying and maintaining IPv6 BGP ···········································································································374
Displaying BGP ······································································································································374
Resetting IPv6 BGP connections ···········································································································375
Clearing IPv6 BGP information ··············································································································375
IPv6 BGP configuration examples ·················································································································376
IPv6 BGP basic configuration ················································································································376
IPv6 BGP route reflector configuration···································································································378
6PE configuration···································································································································379
IPv6 BGP IPsec policy configuration······································································································383
Configuring BFD for IPv6 BGP···············································································································388
Configuring IPv6 policy-based routing ························································ 393
Introduction to IPv6 policy-based routing·······································································································393

ix
What is policy-based routing ··················································································································393
Policy······················································································································································393
IPv6 PBR configuration task list ·····················································································································394
Configuring an IPv6 policy ·····························································································································395
Creating an IPv6 node ···························································································································395
Configuring match criteria for an IPv6 node···························································································395
Defining the actions for an IPv6 node ····································································································395
Configuring IPv6 PBR ····································································································································396
Configuring IPv6 local PBR····················································································································396
Configuring IPv6 interface PBR ·············································································································396
Displaying and maintaining IPv6 PBR configuration······················································································397
IPv6 PBR configuration examples ·················································································································398
Configuring IPv6 local PBR based on packet type·················································································398
Configuring IPv6 interface PBR based on packet type ··········································································399
Configuring IPv6 interface PBR based on packet length ·······································································401
Configuring routing policies········································································· 405
Overview ························································································································································405
Filters ·····················································································································································405
Configuring filters ···········································································································································406
Configuration prerequisites ····················································································································406
Configuring an IP-prefix list ····················································································································406
Configuring an AS path list·····················································································································407
Configuring a community list ··················································································································407
Configuring an extended community list ································································································408
Configuring a routing policy ···························································································································408
Configuration prerequisites ····················································································································408
Creating a routing policy ························································································································408
Configuring if-match clauses··················································································································408
Configuring apply clauses ······················································································································410
Configuring a continue clause················································································································411
Displaying and maintaining the routing policy ································································································412
Routing policy configuration examples ··········································································································412
Applying a routing policy to IPv4 route redistribution ·············································································412
Applying a routing policy to IPv6 route redistribution ·············································································415
Applying a routing policy to filter received BGP routes ··········································································417
Troubleshooting routing policy configuration ·································································································419
IPv4 routing information filtering failure··································································································419
IPv6 routing information filtering failure··································································································419
Configuring QoS policy routing ··································································· 420
Overview ························································································································································420
Configuring QoS policy routing ······················································································································420
Configuring a QoS policy ·······················································································································420
Applying the QoS policy ·························································································································420
QoS policy routing configuration examples····································································································421
IPv4 QoS policy routing configuration example ·····················································································421
IPv6 QoS policy routing configuration example ·····················································································422
Configuring MTR························································································· 424
MTR overview ················································································································································424
Work mechanism ···································································································································424
Supported features·································································································································424
Configuring MTR············································································································································424
Displaying and maintaining MTR ···················································································································425
Document conventions and icons ······························································· 426
Conventions ···················································································································································426
Network topology icons··································································································································427
Support and other resources ······································································ 428
Accessing Hewlett Packard Enterprise Support ····························································································428

x
Accessing updates·········································································································································428
Websites ················································································································································429
Customer self repair·······························································································································429
Remote support······································································································································429
Documentation feedback ·······················································································································429
Index ··········································································································· 431

1
IP routing basics
IP routing directs the forwarding of IP packets on routers based on a routing table. This book focuses
on unicast routing protocols. For more information about multicast routing protocols, see IPMulticast
Configuration Guide.
Routing table
A router maintains at least two routing tables: one global routing table and one forwarding
information base (FIB). The FIB table contains only the optimal routes, and the global routing table
contains all routes. The router uses the FIB table to forward packets. For more information about the
FIB table, see Layer 3—IP Services Configuration Guide.
Routes can be classified by different criteria, as shown in Table 1.
Table 1 Categories of routes
Criterion Categories
Destination
•Network route—Destination is a network. The subnet mask is less than 32
bits.
•Host route—Destination is a host. The subnet mask is 32 bits.
Whether the
destination is directly
connected
•Direct route—Destination is directly connected.
•Indirect route—Destination is indirectly connected.
Origin
•Direct route—A direct route is discovered by the data link protocol on an
interface, and is also called an "interface route."
•Static route—A static route is manually configured by an administrator.
•Dynamic route—A dynamic route is dynamically discovered by a routing
protocol.
Static routes are easy to configure and require less system resources. They work well in small and
stable networks. In networks where topology changes might occur frequently, using a dynamic
routing protocol is better.
To view brief information about a routing table, use the display ip routing-table command, as
shown in the following example:
<Sysname> display ip routing-table
Routing Tables: Public
Destinations : 7 Routes : 7
Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost NextHop Interface
1.1.1.0/24 Direct 0 0 1.1.1.1 Eth1/1
2.2.2.0/24 Static 60 0 12.2.2.2 Eth1/2
80.1.1.0/24 OSPF 10 2 80.1.1.1 Eth1/3
…(Part of the output information is not shown)
A route entry includes the following key items:
•Destination—IP address of the destination host or network.
•Mask—Mask length of the IP address.

2
•Pre—Preference of the route. Among routes to the same destination, the one with the highest
preference is optimal.
•Cost—When multiple routes to a destination have the same preference, the one with the
smallest cost becomes the optimal route.
•NextHop—Next hop.
•Interface—Output interface.
Dynamic routing protocols
Dynamic routing protocols dynamically collect and report reachability information to adapt to
topology changes. They are suitable for large networks.
Compared with static routing, dynamic routing protocols require more resources, and are
complicated to configure.
Dynamic routing protocols can be classified by different criteria, as shown in Table 2:
Table 2 Categories of dynamic routing protocols
Criterion Categories
Optional scope
•Interior gateway protocols (IGPs)—Work within an autonomous system
(AS). Examples include RIP, OSPF, and IS-IS.
•Exterior gateway protocols (EGPs)—Work between ASs. The most popular
one is BGP.
Routing algorithm
•Distance-vector protocols—RIP and BGP. BGP is also considered a
path-vector protocol.
•Link-state protocols—OSPF and IS-IS.
Destination address
type
•Unicast routing protocols—RIP, OSPF, BGP, and IS-IS.
•Multicast routing protocols—PIM-SM and PIM-DM (For more information,
see IP Multicast Configuration Guide).
IP version
•IPv4 routing protocols—RIP, OSPF, BGP, and IS-IS.
•IPv6 routing protocols—RIPng, OSPFv3, IPv6 BGP, and IPv6 IS-IS.
NOTE:
An AS refers to a group of routers that use the same routing policy and work under the same
administration.
Route preference
Routing protocols (including static and direct routing) each by default have a preference. If they find
multiple routes to the same destination, the router selects the route with the highest preference as
the optimal route.
The preference of a direct route is always 0 and cannot be changed. You can configure a preference
for each static route and each dynamic routing protocol as required. The following table lists the
route types and their default preferences. The smaller the value, the higher the preference.
Table 3 Route types and their default route preferences
Routing type Preference
Direct route 0
OSPF 10

3
Routing type Preference
IS-IS 15
Static route 60
RIP 100
OSPF ASE 150
OSPF NSSA 150
IBGP 255
EBGP 255
Unknown (route from an untrusted source) 256
Load sharing
A routing protocol might find multiple optimal equal-cost routes to the same destination. You can use
these routes to implement equal-cost multi-path (ECMP) load sharing.
Static routing, IPv6 static routing, RIP/RIPng, OSPF/OSPFv3, BGP/IPv6 BGP, and IS-IS/IPv6 IS-IS
support ECMP load sharing.
Route backup
Route backup can improve network availability. Among multiple routes to the same destination, the
route with the highest priority is the main route and others are backup routes.
The router forwards matching packets through the main route. When the main route fails, the route
with the highest preference among the backup routes is selected to forward packets. When the main
route recovers, the router uses it to forward packets.
Route recursion
To use a BGP, static, or RIP route that has an indirectly-connected next hop, a router must perform
route recursion to find the outgoing interface to reach the next hop.
Link-state routing protocols, such as OSPF and IS-IS, do not need route recursion, because they
obtain directly-connected next hops through route calculation.
Route redistribution
Route redistribution enables routing protocols to learn route information from each other. A dynamic
routing protocol can redistribute routes from other routing protocols including direct and static routing.
For more information, see the respective chapters on those routing protocols in this configuration
guide.
Displaying and maintaining a routing table

4
Task Command Remarks
Display the routing table.
display ip routing-table
[ multiple-topology topology-name |
vpn-instance vpn-instance-name ]
[ verbose ] [ | { begin |exclude |
include } regular-expression ]
Available in any view.
Display routes matching an IPv4
basic ACL.
display ip routing-table
[ multiple-topology topology-name |
vpn-instance vpn-instance-name ] acl
acl-number [ verbose ] [ |{ begin |
exclude | include } regular-expression ]
Available in any view.
Display routes to the specified
destination.
display ip routing-table
[ multiple-topology topology-name |
vpn-instance vpn-instance-name ]
ip-address [ mask |mask-length ]
[ longer-match ] [ verbose ] [ |{ begin |
exclude | include } regular-expression ]
Available in any view.
Display routes with destination
addresses in the specified range.
display ip routing-table
[ multiple-topology topology-name |
vpn-instance vpn-instance-name ]
ip-address1 { mask |mask-length }
ip-address2 { mask |mask-length }
[ verbose ] [ |{ begin | exclude |
include } regular-expression ]
Available in any view.
Display routing information
matching an IPv4 prefix list.
display ip routing-table
[ multiple-topology topology-name |
vpn-instance vpn-instance-name ]
ip-prefix ip-prefix-name [ verbose ] [ |
{ begin | exclude | include }
regular-expression ]
Available in any
view.
Display the routes of a routing
protocol.
display ip routing-table
[ multiple-topology topology-name |
vpn-instance vpn-instance-name ]
protocol protocol [ inactive | verbose ]
[ |{ begin | exclude | include }
regular-expression ] [ |{ begin | exclude
| include } regular-expression ] [ |
{ begin | exclude | include }
regular-expression ]
Available in any
view.
Display statistics about the
routing table.
display ip routing-table
[ multiple-topology topology-name |
vpn-instance vpn-instance-name ]
statistics [ |{ begin | exclude |
include } regular-expression ]
Available in any view.
Clear statistics for the routing
table.
reset ip routing-table statistics
protocol [ multiple-topology
topology-name | vpn-instance
vpn-instance-name ] {protocol |all }
Available in user
view.
Display IPv6 routing table
information.
display ipv6 routing-table
[ vpn-instance vpn-instance-name ]
[ verbose ] [ |{ begin | exclude |
include } regular-expression ]
Available in any
view.
Display routes matching an IPv6
ACL.
display ipv6 routing-table
[ vpn-instance vpn-instance-name ] acl
acl6-number [ verbose ] [ |{ begin |
exclude | include } regular-expression ]
Available in any view.

5
Task Command Remarks
Display routing information for a
specified destination IPv6
address.
display ipv6 routing-table
[ vpn-instance vpn-instance-name ]
ipv6-address [ prefix-length ]
[ longer-match ] [ verbose ] [ |{ begin |
exclude | include } regular-expression ]
Available in any view.
Display IPv6 routes with
destination addresses in an IPv6
address range.
display ipv6 routing-table
[ vpn-instance vpn-instance-name ]
ipv6-address1 prefix-length1
ipv6-address2 prefix-length2 [ verbose ]
[ |{ begin | exclude | include }
regular-expression ]
Available in any view.
Display routing information
permitted by an IPv6 prefix list.
display ipv6 routing-table
[ vpn-instance vpn-instance-name ]
ipv6-prefix ipv6-prefix-name
[ verbose ] [ |{ begin | exclude |
include } regular-expression ]
Available in any view.
Display routes of an IPv6 routing
protocol.
display ipv6 routing-table
[ vpn-instance vpn-instance-name ]
protocol protocol [ inactive | verbose ]
[ |{ begin | exclude | include }
regular-expression ]
Available in any view.
Display IPv6 routing statistics.
display ipv6 routing-table
[ vpn-instance vpn-instance-name ]
statistics [ |{ begin | exclude |
include } regular-expression ]
Available in any view.
Clear specified IPv6 routing
statistics.
reset ipv6 routing-table statistics
protocol [ vpn-instance
vpn-instance-name ] { protocol |all }
Available in user view.

6
Configuring static routing
Static routes are manually configured. If a network's topology is simple, you only need to configure
static routes for the network to work correctly.
Static routes cannot adapt to network topology changes. If a fault or a topological change occurs in
the network, the network administrator must modify the static routes manually.
Configuring a static route
Before you configure a static route, complete the following tasks:
•Configure physical parameters for related interfaces.
•Configure link-layer attributes for related interfaces.
•Configure IP addresses for related interfaces.
Follow these guidelines when you configure a static route:
•The next hop address of a static route cannot be the IP address of a local interface.
•You can associate a track entry with a static route to monitor the reachability of the next hops.
For more information about track, see High Availability Configuration Guide.
•The device supports VPN instances and MTR for static routes. For information about specifying
VPN instances for static routes, see MPLS Configuration Guide. For information about
configuring static route MTR, see "Configuring MTR."
To configure a static route:
Step Command Remarks
1. Enter system view. system-view N/A
2. Configure a static
route.
•Method 1:
ip route-static dest-address { mask | mask-length }
{ next-hop-address [ track track-entry-number ] |
interface-type interface-number
[ next-hop-address ] | vpn-instance
d-vpn-instance-name next-hop-address [ track
track-entry-number ] } [ preference
preference-value ] [ tag tag-value ] [ permanent ]
[ description description-text ]
•Method 2:
ip route-static vpn-instance
s-vpn-instance-name&<1-6> dest-address { mask |
mask-length } { next-hop-address [ public ] [ track
track-entry-number ] | interface-type
interface-number [ next-hop-address ] |
vpn-instance d-vpn-instance-name
next-hop-address [ track track-entry-number ] }
[ preference preference-value ] [ tag tag-value ]
[ permanent ] [ description description-text ]
•Method
3:
ip route-static multiple-topology topology-name
dest-address { mask | mask-length }
{ next-hop-address | interface-type
interface-number [ next-hop-address ] }
[ preference preference-value ] [ tag tag-value ]
[ description description-text ]
Use one of the
methods.
By default, no static
route is configured.

7
Step Command Remarks
3. Configure the
default preference
for static routes.
ip route-static default-preference
default-preference-value
Optional.
60 by default.
4. Delete all static
routes, including
the default route.
delete [ multiple-topology topology-name |
vpn-instance vpn-instance-name ] static-routes all Optional.
Configuring BFD for static routes
Bidirectional forwarding detection (BFD) provides a general-purpose, standard, medium-, and
protocol-independent fast failure detection mechanism. It can uniformly and quickly detect the
failures of the bidirectional forwarding paths between two routers for protocols, such as routing
protocols and MPLS. For more information about BFD, see High Availability Configuration Guide.
BFD control packet mode
To use BFD control packets for bidirectional detection between two devices, enable BFD control
packet mode on each device for the static route destined to the peer.
To configure a static route and enable BFD control packet mode for it, specify an outgoing interface
and a direct next hop, or specify an indirect next hop and a specific BFD packet source address for
the static route.
To configure a static route with BFD control packet mode enabled (direct next hop):
Step Command Remarks
5. Enter system view. system-view N/A
6. Configure a static
route and enable
BFD control packet
mode for it.
•Method 1:
ip route-static dest-address { mask |mask-length }
interface-type interface-number next-hop-address bfd
control-packet [ preference preference-value ] [ tag
tag-value ] [ description description-text ]
•Method 2:
ip route-static vpn-instance
s-vpn-instance-name&<1-6> dest-address {mask |
mask-length } interface-type interface-number
next-hop-address bfd control-packet [ preference
preference-value ] [ tag tag-value ] [ description
description-text ]
Use either
method.
To configure a static route with BFD control packet mode enabled (indirect next hop):
Step Command Remarks
1. Enter system view. system-view N/A

8
Step Command Remarks
2. Configure a static
route and enable
BFD control packet
mode for it.
•Method 1:
ip route-static dest-address { mask | mask-length }
next-hop-address bfd control-packet bfd-source
ip-address [ preference preference-value ] [ tag
tag-value ] [ description description-text ]
•Method 2:
ip route-static vpn-instance
s-vpn-instance-name&<1-6> dest-address {mask |
mask-length } next-hop-address bfd control-packet
bfd-source ip-address [ preference preference-value ]
[tag tag-value ] [ description description-text ]
Use either
method.
BFD echo packet mode
With BFD echo packet mode enabled for a static route, the outgoing interface sends BFD echo
packets to the destination device, which loops the packets back to test the link reachability.
IMPORTANT:
•Enabling BFD for a flapping route could worsen the situation.
•Do not use BFD for a static route with the outgoing interface in spoofing state.
To configure BFD echo packet mode for static routes:
Step Command Remarks
1. Enter system view. system-view N/A
2. Configure the
source address of
echo packets. bfd echo-source-ip ip-address
Not configured by default.
For more information about
this command, see High
Availability Command
Reference.
3. Enable BFD echo
packet mode for
static routes.
•Method 1:
ip route-static dest-address { mask |
mask-length } interface-type
interface-number next-hop-address bfd
echo-packet [ preference
preference-value ] [ tag tag-value ]
[ description description-text ]
•Method 2:
ip route-static vpn-instance
s-vpn-instance-name&<1-6>
dest-address {mask |mask-length }
interface-type interface-number
next-hop-address bfd echo-packet
[ preference preference-value ] [ tag
tag-value ] [ description
description-text ]
Use either method.
Configuring static route FRR
A link or router failure on a path can cause packet loss and even routing loop. Static route fast reroute
(FRR) enables fast rerouting to minimize the impact of link or node failures.