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Hukseflux SR30-M2-D1 User manual

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Copyright by Hukseflux | manual v2203 | www.hukseflux.com | info@hukseflux.com
USER MANUAL SR30-M2-D1
Digital Class A (secondary standard)
pyranometer with heating and tilt sensor
Hukseflux
Thermal Sensors
compliant with IEC
61724-1:2017 Class A
SR30-M2-D1 manual v2203 2/83
Cautionary statements
Cautionary statements are subdivided into four categories: danger, warning, caution and
notice according to the severity of the risk.
DANGER
Failure to comply with a danger statement will lead to death or serious
physical injuries.
WARNING
Failure to comply with a warning statement may lead to risk of death or
serious physical injuries.
CAUTION
Failure to comply with a caution statement may lead to risk of minor or
moderate physical injuries.
NOTICE
Failure to comply with a notice may lead to damage to equipment or may
compromise reliable operation of the instrument.
SR30-M2-D1 manual v2203 3/83
Contents
Cautionary statements 2
Contents 3
List of symbols 5
Introduction 6
1Ordering and checking at delivery 13
1.1 Ordering SR30-M2-D1 13
1.2 Included items 14
1.3 Quick instrument check 14
2Instrument principle and theory 15
2.1 Why a “spectrally flat” pyranometer? 18
2.2 Operating modes: heating and ventilation 20
2.3 Overview of remote diagnostics 21
2.4 Use of the tilt sensor 22
3Specifications of SR30-M2-D1 23
3.1 Specifications of SR30-M2-D1 23
3.2 Dimensions of SR30-M2-D1 29
4Standards and recommended practices for use 30
4.1 Classification standards 30
4.2 General use for solar radiation measurement 30
4.3 Specific use for outdoor PV system performance testing 31
4.4 Specific use in meteorology and climatology 31
4.5 General use for sunshine duration measurement 32
5Installation of SR30-M2-D1 33
5.1 Site selection and mechanical installation 33
5.2 Installation of the sun screen 35
5.3 Installation of optional mounts 36
5.4 Electrical installation 40
5.5 Internal protection 42
5.6 Connecting to an RS-485 network 42
5.7 Electrical isolation, grounding and shield connection 44
5.8 Cabling requirements 46
5.9 A PC as RS-485 master 47
6Communication with SR30-M2-D1 48
6.1 PC communication: Hukseflux Sensor Manager software 48
6.2 Network communication: getting started 48
6.3 Changing the device address and serial communication settings 50
7Use of remote diagnostics 51
7.1 Recommendations 51
7.2 Sensor body temperature 51
7.3 Tilt angle 52
7.4 Internal relative humidity 52
7.5 Heater current 52
7.6 Ventilator current 53
7.7 Ventilator speed 53
SR30-M2-D1 manual v2203 4/83
8Making a dependable measurement 54
8.1 The concept of dependability 54
8.2 Reliability of the measurement 55
8.3 Repair and maintenance 56
8.4 Uncertainty evaluation 56
9Maintenance and trouble shooting 59
9.1 Recommended maintenance and quality assurance 59
9.2 Trouble shooting 60
9.3 Calibration and checks in the field 62
9.4 Data quality assurance 63
10 Appendices 65
10.1 Appendix on tools for SR30-M2-D1 65
10.2 Appendix on spare parts for SR30-M2-D1 65
10.3 Appendix on the ventilator 66
10.4 Appendix on standards for classification and calibration 67
10.5 Appendix on calibration hierarchy 67
10.6 Appendix on meteorological radiation quantities 69
10.7 Appendix on ISO and WMO classification tables 70
10.8 Appendix on ISO 9060:1990 classification no longer valid 72
10.9 Appendix on definition of pyranometer specifications 73
10.10 Appendix on terminology / glossary 75
10.11 Appendix on function codes, register and coil overview 76
10.12 Appendix on electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) testing 80
10.13 EU declaration of conformity 81
SR30-M2-D1 manual v2203 5/83
List of symbols
Quantities Symbol Unit
Sensitivity S V/(W/m2)
Temperature T °C
Solar irradiance E W/m2
Plane of Array irradiance GiW/m2
Solar radiant exposure H W∙h/m2
Time in hours h h
Tilt angle relative to horizontal θh°
Relative humidity RH %
Pressure p bar
Temperature coefficient a 1/°C²
Temperature coefficient b 1/°C
Temperature coefficient c -
(see also appendix 10.6 on meteorological quantities)
Subscripts
extended RS-485 common mode range Vcm, max
DC isolation voltage (instrument body to signal ground) Viso
heater power Pheater
Acronyms
ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials
CRC Cyclic Redundancy Check
GHI Global Horizontal Irradiance
IEC International Electrotechnical Commission
ISO International Organization for Standards
LSW Least-Significant Word
MSW Most-Significant Word
POA Plane of Array
PV Photovoltaic
RPM Rounds-per-Minute
SCADA Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition
WMO World Meteorological Organization
Modbus®is a registered trademark of Schneider Electric, licensed to the Modbus Organization, Inc.
SR30-M2-D1 manual v2203 6/83
Introduction
Welcome to the next level in solar radiation monitoring! The all-digital heated SR30-M2-D1
pyranometer offers the highest accuracy and highest data availability: using Recirculating
Ventilation and Heating (RVH
TM) technology, SR30 outperforms pyranometers equipped
with traditional ventilation systems. SR30 is the ideal instrument for use in PV system
performance monitoring and meteorological networks.
SR30 measures the solar radiation received by a plane surface, in W/m2, from a 180 o
field of view angle. SR30 is an ISO 9060 spectrally flat Class A (previously “secondary
standard”) pyranometer. It is employed where the highest measurement accuracy is
required. SR30 offers several advantages over competing pyranometers:
•Heated for best data availability: RVHTM technology outperforms traditional pyranometer
ventilation
•The first pyranometer compliant in its standard configuration with the IEC 61724-
1:2017 requirements for Class A PV monitoring systems
•Low cost of ownership: remote diagnostics and supported by a worldwide calibration
organisation
•Spectrally flat: WMO compliant, also suitable for Plane of Array, diffuse, and albedo
measurement
Figure 0.1 SR30-M2-D1 digital spectrally flat Class A pyranometer with heating and tilt sensor
NOTICE
This manual supports model SR30-M2-D1, the successor of SR30-D1.
Need support for the discontinued SR30-D1? Please refer to its separate manual.
SR30-M2-D1 manual v2203 7/83
SR30 offers several advantages over competing pyranometers:
Heated for high data availability, featuring RVH
TM technology
High data availability is attained by heating of the outer dome using ventilation between
the inner and outer dome. This space forms a closed circuit together with the instrument
body; ventilated air is not in contact with ambient air. RVHTM – Recirculating Ventilation
and Heating – technology, developed by Hukseflux, suppresses dew and frost deposition
and is as effective as traditional ventilation systems, without the maintenance hassle and
large footprint.
•low power consumption: SR30-M2-D1 requires less than 3 W, compared to 10 W for
traditional ventilation systems
•low maintenance: SR30-M2-D1 does not require filter cleaning
RVHTM uses SR30’s built-in heater and ventilator. The dome of SR30 pyranometer is
heated by ventilating the space between the inner and outer dome. RVH TM is much more
efficient than traditional ventilation, where most of the heat is carried away with the
ventilation air. Recirculating ventilation is as effective in suppressing dew and frost
deposition at less than 3 W as traditional ventilation is at 10 W. RVHTM technology keeps
domes and sensor in perfect thermal equilibrium, which Plane of Array leads to a reduction
of zero offsets.
Compliant with IEC 61724-1:2017, Class A and B
IEC 61724-1: Photovoltaic System Performance Monitoring – Guidelines for
Measurement, Data Exchange and Analysis – requires ventilation and heating for Class A
monitoring. Only SR30 offers both, without the need for additional accessories. Most
competing pyranometers do not even comply with Class B, which requires heating.
“Spectrally flat” as required for PV monitoring and meteorology
The new ISO 9060:2018 version defines pyranometer classes A, B and C. The standard
also adds a new subclass, called “spectrally flat”. The vast majority of users needs to use
instruments of the spectrally flat subclass; only spectrally flat instruments measure with
high accuracy, also when a cloud obscures the sun, or when the irradiance includes
reflected radiation. These situations occur for example when you measure Global
Horizontal irradiance (GHI) under partly or fully cloudy skies, when you measure Plane of
Array (POA), albedo or net-radiation. Normal instruments, just of class A, B or C, and not
spectrally flat, only measure accurately under clear sunny skies.
Using "spectrally flat" instruments is essential because this ensures:
•you can measure accurately not only horizontally under clear-blue-sky but also
general GHI, POA, albedo and net radiation
•you comply with WMO requirements
•you can use the normal standardised ISO and WMO calibration procedures
•you can also measure separately the diffuse component only (creating a
diffusometer) with a shadow ring or shading ball, using the same instrument model.
•you can perform uncertainty evaluations with negligible (zero) spectral errors
See Section 2.1 in this manual for a more detailed explanation.
SR30-M2-D1 manual v2203 8/83
Low cost of ownership
SR30 is an affordable spectrally flat Class A instrument and is designed for low cost of
ownership, which is mainly determined by costs of installation, on-site inspections,
servicing and calibration:
•low demand on infrastructure, SR30’s RVHTM requires less than 3 W power, compared
to 10 W for traditional ventilation systems
•reduction of unnecessary on-site inspection by remote diagnostics
•designed for efficient servicing; easy local diagnostics
•supported by an efficient calibration and maintenance organisation. Hukseflux offers
local support in the main global economies: USA, EU, China, India, SE Asia, Japan and
Brazil. Recalibration is recommended every 2 years, which is good practice in the industry.
Liabilities covered: test certificates
As required by ISO 9060 for Class A classification, each SR30 is supplied with test results
for the individual instrument:
•sensitivity
•directional response
•temperature response
•tilt sensor gains, offsets and temperature coefficients
Liabilities covered: test certificates
Improved electronics
Model SR30-M2-D1 is the successor of the popular SR30-D1 and offers improved
electronics design over its predecessor.
Figure 0.3 Two SR30 spectrally flat class A
pyranometers with digital output for GHI
(Global Horizontal Irradiance) and POA
(Plane of Array) PV monitoring measurement
Figure 0.2 Dew deposition and frost (as
in the photo): clear difference between a
non-heated pyranometer (back) and SR30
with RVHTM technology (front )
SR30-M2-D1 manual v2203 9/83
Remote sensor diagnostics
Besides solar radiation, SR30 outputs sensor diagnostics, including:
•tilt angle
•sensor body temperature
•internal humidity
•internal pressure
•ventilator speed (RPM)
•ventilator current
•heater current
Remote diagnostics permits real-time status monitoring, reducing the need for
(un)scheduled field inspections.
Suggested use
Suggested use for SR30:
•PV system performance monitoring
•scientific meteorological observations
Diffuse radiation measurement
With its outstanding zero offset specifications, SR30 is also the instrument of choice for
high-accuracy diffuse radiation measurement.
Communication with a PC: Hukseflux Sensor Manager Software
For communication between a PC and SR30-M2-D1, the Hukseflux Sensor Manager
software can be used. It allows the user to plot and export data, and change the SR30-
M2-D1 Modbus address and its communication settings. Also, the digital outputs may be
viewed for sensor diagnostics.
See our separate Sensor Manager user manual.
Figure 0.4 User interface of the Sensor Manager, showing sensor diagnostics
SR30-M2-D1 manual v2203 10/83
SR30 design
SR30 pyranometer employs a state-of-the-art thermopile sensor with black coated
surface, two domes and an anodised aluminium body. SR30 offers a digital output via
Modbus RTU over 2-wire RS-485. The pyranometer dome is heated by ventilating the
space between the inner and outer dome using RVHTM - Recirculating Ventilation and
Heating - technology.
Operating modes: heating and ventilation
The standard operating mode of SR30 is with heater and ventilator both [ON]. The power
consumption then is < 3 W. Alternatives are operation in medium power mode and in low
power mode. Heating and ventilation may be switched on and off by digital control. If the
heater is switched [OFF], SR30 operates in medium power mode. Operation at < 0.1 W,
in the low power mode, is possible by switching both the ventilator and heater [OFF].
Although zero offset will then increase slightly, overall performance will still comply with
the spectrally flat class A classification. In case there is no danger of deposition of dew or
frost, the medium power mode offers the most accurate measurement.
Options for mounting and levelling
There are several mounting options available for SR30: a levelling mount and a tube
levelling mount. They allow for simplified mounting, levelling and instrument exchange
on either a flat surface or a tube.
Figure 0.5Optional levelling mount (picture on the left); a practical spring-loaded mount
for easy mounting, levelling and instrument exchange on flat surfaces, and the optional
tube mount (picture on the right) including spring-loaded levelling upper clamp, lower
clamp for tube mounting and two sets of bolts.