Infineon AIROC CYW43022 User manual

User guide
Please read the sections “Important notice” and “Warnings” at the end of this document
002-38499 Rev. *A
www.infineon.com
2023-09-29
Getting started with AIROC™ CYW43022 Wi-Fi &
Bluetooth® combo chip on iMX8 Nano Developer
Kit V3
About this document
Scope and purpose
This guide provides step-by-step instructions to configure the AIROC™ CYW43022 Wi-Fi & Bluetooth® combo
chip. This guide provides an overview of setting up the host Embedded Artists iMX8 Nano, loading the WLAN
driver, measuring the power consumption in Deep Sleep mode, establishing a Wi-Fi connection between an
Access Point (AP) and station (STA). Configuring Bluetooth® and Bluetooth® Low Energy is also explained step-
by-step.
Security is an integral part of AIROC™ devices, and the guide describes the security features embedded in the
AIROC™ CYW43022 Wi-Fi & Bluetooth® combo chip.
Intended audience
This document is intended for customers using the AIROC™ CYW43022 Wi-Fi & Bluetooth® combo chip on iMX8
Nano Developer’s Kit V3 as the host.

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Table of contents
Table of contents
About this document....................................................................................................................... 1
Table of contents............................................................................................................................ 2
1.1 Document structure................................................................................................................................4
2Overview of hardware components.......................................................................................... 5
2.1 What’s inside the box (included in kit) ...................................................................................................5
2.2 Required hardware for power measurement (not included in the kit).................................................5
3CYW43022 rework for power measurement............................................................................... 7
3.1 CYW43022 rework for power measurement...........................................................................................7
4Wi-Fi bringup ........................................................................................................................10
4.1 Wi-Fi image compatibility .....................................................................................................................10
4.2 Load the FMAC drivers and firmware....................................................................................................12
4.3 Configure the AIROC™ CYW43022 Wi-Fi & Bluetooth® combo chip as STA..........................................13
4.3.1 wpa_supplicant................................................................................................................................13
4.3.2 Using wpa_cli ...................................................................................................................................14
4.3.3 Using wpa_supplicant configuration ..............................................................................................15
4.4 Configuring CYW43022 in Deep Sleep mode ........................................................................................16
4.4.1 Measure the power...........................................................................................................................16
4.4.2 Set up current measurement...........................................................................................................17
5Bluetooth® bringup ...............................................................................................................20
5.1 Bring up AIROC™ CYW43022 Wi-Fi & Bluetooth® combo chip for Bluetooth®.....................................20
5.2 Application software support for Bluetooth® development ...............................................................20
5.2.1 Application layer –code examples..................................................................................................20
5.2.2 AIROC™ BTSTACK .............................................................................................................................21
5.2.3 BTSTACK porting layer.....................................................................................................................21
5.3 Bluetooth® firmware .............................................................................................................................22
5.3.1 Programing Bluetooth® firmware using MBT..................................................................................22
5.3.2 Antenna configuration.....................................................................................................................23
5.4 BlueZ support........................................................................................................................................24
6AIROC™ CYW43022 Wi-Fi & Bluetooth® combo chip security .......................................................25
6.1 Overview................................................................................................................................................25
6.2 Secure boot ...........................................................................................................................................25
6.2.1 Access restriction .............................................................................................................................25
6.2.1.1 Wi-Fi subsystem ..........................................................................................................................25
6.2.1.2 Bluetooth® subsystem ................................................................................................................26
6.2.2 Preventing unauthorized firmware execution................................................................................26
6.2.2.1 Wi-Fi subsystem ..........................................................................................................................26
6.2.2.2 Bluetooth® subsystem ................................................................................................................27
6.3 Device lifecycle......................................................................................................................................27
6.4 Root of Trust (RoT) and bootloader flow (Wi-Fi)..................................................................................28
6.5 Root of Trust (RoT) and bootloader flow (Bluetooth®)........................................................................30
7Appendix..............................................................................................................................31
7.1 iMX8 Nano image download mode.......................................................................................................31
7.2 Flashing the pre-build package ............................................................................................................31
7.3 Bring up AIROC™ CYW43022 Wi-Fi & Bluetooth® combo chip toolchain for custom image ...............33
7.3.1 Linux host setup...............................................................................................................................33
7.3.2 Required packages...........................................................................................................................34
7.3.3 Download Yocto recipes ..................................................................................................................35

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Table of contents
7.3.4 Initialize the build.............................................................................................................................35
7.3.5 Custom iMX toolchain ......................................................................................................................36
7.3.6 Building the image ...........................................................................................................................36
7.3.7 Building the kernel zImage..............................................................................................................36
7.4 Building the FMAC driver from backports ............................................................................................42
7.4.1 Debugging the FMAC driver .............................................................................................................43
Glossary .......................................................................................................................................44
Revision history.............................................................................................................................45
Disclaimer.....................................................................................................................................46

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Overview of hardware components
1.1 Document structure
Section 2, Overview of hardware components provides an overview of the various hardware components
provided in the kit.
Section 3, CYW43022 rework for power measurement provides the hardware rework to be done for power
measurement.
Section 4,Wi-Fi bringup provides the bringup instructions to use the AIROC™ CYW43022 Wi-Fi & Bluetooth®
combo chip such as configuring it as a station with the WL tool and measuring the power consumption
(VBAT/VDDIO) in Deep Sleep mode.
Section 5, Bluetooth® bringup provides instructions to use the AIROC™ CYW43022 Wi-Fi & Bluetooth® combo
chip for Bluetooth® functionality.
Section 6, AIROC™ CYW43022 Wi-Fi & Bluetooth® combo chip security describes the security of the Wi-Fi and
Bluetooth® subsystems and defense mechanisms within the subsystems to protect valuable data, information,
or compute elements.
Section 7, Appendix explains the process of flashing an image on the host platform, setting up a toolchain to
create custom images, and the steps to build drivers as well as how to debug.

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Overview of hardware components
2Overview of hardware components
2.1 What’s inside the box (included in kit)
•Host platform –iMX8M Nano Developer’s Kit V3 from Embedded Artists (see Figure 1)
•AIROC™ CYW43022 Wi-Fi & Bluetooth® combo chip
•Micro-USB to USB-A cable
•CYW960PADM2-SDIO
•Antennas
•Power adapter 12 V, 2.5 A, 30 W
2.2 Required hardware for power measurement (not included in the kit)
•PC with Windows OS
•Power monitor (measures two channels) or two ammeters with µA ratings
•Ethernet LAN cable
Figure 1 iMX8M Nano Developer Kit V3 board

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Overview of hardware components
The following are the hardware components of the setup:
1. Antennas
2. AIROC™ CYW43022 Wi-Fi & Bluetooth® combo chip
3. Power ON/OFF switch
4. Power supply DC Jack
5. Micro-USB to USB A cable for Image flashing
6. Micro-USB to USB A cable for serial console
7. Network cable connected to RJ45 connector
8. ISP enable jumper (OTG boot mode)
Figure 2 AIROC™ CYW43022 Wi-Fi & Bluetooth® combo chip

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CYW43022 rework for power measurement
3CYW43022 rework for power measurement
Note: This section explains the hardware rework to be done for power measurement. Disable JTAG and
Bluetooth® functionality to measure accurate power for Wi-Fi subsystem. If you do not want to
measure the power, you can skip this section and go to the Wi-Fi bringup section to explore the Wi-
Fi and Bluetooth® functionality.
3.1 CYW43022 rework for power measurement
The CYW43022 M.2 module is powered by VBAT (3.3 V) and VDDIO (1.8 V). To measure the total power consumed
by CYW43022, measure the individual currents (IVBAT and IVDDIO).
Do the following changes to measure the power consumption:
•VBAT changes: Remove R231 0Ωresistor to measure VBAT current (IVBAT) individually (the red and black
wires highlighted in Figure 3 are connected at the VBAT pad) and connect both wires across the pad of the
resistor where the power monitor is in series (ammeter mode) connection.
Figure 3 CYW43022 –VBAT rework

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•VDDIO changes: Remove R12 0Ω resistor to measure VDDIO current (IVDDIO) individually (the red and black
wires highlighted in Figure 4 are connected at the VDDIO pad) and connect both wires across the pad of the
resistor where the power monitor is in series (ammeter mode) connection.
Figure 4 CYW43022 –VDDIO rework
•BT_REG_ON changes: The AIROC™ CYW43022 Wi-Fi & Bluetooth® combo chip contains both Wi-Fi and
Bluetooth® functionalities. To measure an accurate power supply in the Wi-Fi subsystem, switch OFF the
BT_REG_ON signal by removing the R15 resistor from the CYW43022 M.2 card. Mount a 0 Ohm resistor at
R220. If you do not mount the resistor at R220, the Bluetooth® functionality works.
Figure 5 CYW43022–BT_REG_ON resistor

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JTAG changes : Mount R228 (JTAG pulled LOW) to disable JTAG.

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Wi-Fi bringup
4Wi-Fi bringup
4.1 Wi-Fi image compatibility
Connect CYW43022 to the M.2 E-key connector (J33) on the iMX8 Nano Developer’s Kit V3 board, as shown in
Figure 6.
Connect the serial port of the iMX8 Nano Developer’s Kit V3 to the USB port of the laptop to make a serial
connection (see Figure 6).
a) Locate the driver for Windows from the FTDI official website,download, and install the driver.
b) Choose an appropriate COM port in any serial terminal application such as PuTTY.
c) Set the baud rate to “115200”.
d) Click Open.
Note: If the COM port is not detected, follow the instructions on the iMX Developer's Kit V3 webpage to
install the driver. If the computer does not recognize FTDI, update the FTDI USB to a serial driver to
fix the issue.
Figure 6 iMX8 Nano Developer Kit V3 –Serial port access

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Figure 7 Serial Access Application-PuTTy
Now, power on the host. It will show kernel logs on the terminal and will prompt you to add a username and
password for login. Use the following username and password to sign into the host platform:
−Username: root
−Password: pass
After powering up, to check the kernel version, use the following command:
uname -a
See the following example:
If you have the preconfigured image already flashed on the iMX8 Nano Developer Kit V3, the Linux version will
be 5.15.32IFX_FMAC-756198-ge9502013779c-dirty. If you are not using a preconfigured board or
you are using other images, the kernel version may be different. The AIROC™ CYW43022 Wi-Fi & Bluetooth®
combo chip will work on a different kernel version as well. However, use 5.15.32IFX_FMAC-756198-
ge9502013779c-dirty to get the best performance and low power. See the Flashing the pre-build package
section to flash the image.
Check the kernel logs using the dmesg command to confirm that the AIROC™ CYW43022 Wi-Fi & Bluetooth®
combo chip is detected:
root@imx8mnea-ucom:~ $ dmesg | grep SDIO
[ 0.978232] mmc1: new high-speed SDIO card at address 0001
root@imx8mnea-ucom:~# uname -a
Linux imx8mnea-ucom 5.15.32IFX_FMAC-756198-ge9502013779c-dirty #19 SMP
PREEMPT Wed Mar 22 11:36:14 IST 2023 aarch64 GNU/Linux

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Wi-Fi bringup
4.2 Load the FMAC drivers and firmware
1. Contact the local Infineon FAE or sales representative to get the CYW43022.zip release package.
2. Connect LAN to the iMX8 Nano Developer Kit V3 to copy the files via SSH connection and unzip the
CYW43022.zip release package in the host platform.
3. Navigate to the CYW43022/Wi-Fi directory.
Note: If you have a pre-flashed host from Infineon Technologies, the firmware files are already present in
the /lib/firmware/cypress directory. If not and you flash the image using the Flashing the pre-build
package section, you need to manually copy the firmware files using the following command:
root@imx8mnea-ucom:~/CYW43022/wifi $ cp cyfmac43022-sdio*
/lib/firmware/cypress
4. To load the drivers, use the load.sh script in the CYW43022/Wi-Fi directory.
$ sh -x load.sh
Note: Additionally, you can use the following commands to load the drivers:
5. Check the loaded FMAC version. See the following example:
root@imx8mnea-ucom:~/ CYW43022# modinfo brcmfmac.ko | grep version
version: backported from Linux (v5.15.58-fafnir-6-43022-18-0-g51dfc6ba2397)
using backports v5.15.58-1-0-g42a95ce7
srcversion: 07BCCA37F3E26960070B4F1
vermagic: 5.15.32IFX_FMAC-756198-ge9502013779c-dirty SMP preempt mod_unload
modversions aarch64
Use the ifconfig -a command to verify that the driver is loaded and the interface is successfully up. In the
output, see the new interface wlan0.
root@imx8mnea-ucom:~/CYW43022/wifi $ ifconfig -a
lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> mtu 65536
inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0
inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 scopeid 0x10<host>
loop txqueuelen 1000 (Local Loopback)
RX packets 28 bytes 2833 (2.7 KiB)
root@imx8mnea-ucom:~ $ cd CYW43022/Wi-Fi
root@imx8mnea-ucom:~/CYW43022/wifi $ rmmod brcmfmac cfg80211 compat brcmutil
root@imx8mnea-ucom:~/CYW43022/wifi $ insmod ./brcmutil.ko
root@imx8mnea-ucom:~/CYW43022/wifi $ insmod ./compat.ko
root@imx8mnea-ucom:~/CYW43022/wifi $ insmod ./cfg80211.ko
root@imx8mnea-ucom:~/CYW43022/wifi $ insmod ./brcmfmac.ko
sdio_idleclk_disable=1

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RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 28 bytes 2833 (2.7 KiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
wlan0: flags=4099<UP,BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
ether 00:90:4c:2f:a2:eb txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
Note: Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) is enabled by default; therefore, the wlan0 interface
gets the IP address automatically after connecting to an AP. However, to configure the IP address
of the interface manually to a static IP address, use $ ifconfig wlan0 192.168.1.7/24.
Note: The MAC address for the wireless interface can be changed via the NVRAM file (cyfmac43022-
sdio.txt) available in the package.
4.3 Configure the AIROC™ CYW43022 Wi-Fi & Bluetooth® combo chip as STA
4.3.1 wpa_supplicant
Use the wpa_supplicant user-space Linux daemon to handle the WLAN authentication, association,
disassociation, and deauthentication processes for STAs. The wpa_supplicant is a cross-platform utility that
provides the support for WEP, WPA, WPA2, WPA3 (IEEE 802.11i), and WPA-EAP. It implements the key
negotiation with an authenticator and controls the roaming and association of STA devices. The
wpa_supplicant version 2.10 or above with Infineon patches is required.
/etc/wpa_supplicant.conf is the default path for the WPA supplicant configuration file.
Use the following Linux SystemD commands to control the operation of the WPA supplicant:
1. Use the following command to initialize the wpa_supplicant tool:
./wpa_supplicant -B -c <location of .conf file > -i <interface name> -B
For example, root@imx8mnea-ucom: /CYW43022/Wi-Fi#/wpa_supplicant -B -c/etc/wpa_supplicant.conf -
iwlan0
Note: You can use wpa_cli or wpa_supplicant.conf to connect to a wireless network.
2. When connecting to an AP with wpa2-psk security, use the following command:
./wpa2_associate.sh <SSID> <PSK>
For example, root@imx8mnea-ucom: sh -x wpa2_associate.sh MY_SSID MY_PASSWORD

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4.3.2 Using wpa_cli
1. Use the following command to initialize wpa_cli:
root@imx8mnea-ucom:~/CYW43022/Wi-Fi# ./wpa_cli
This command can be used to interact with wpa_supplicant. It can be used to query current status, change
configuration, trigger events, and request interactive user input.
2. Scan for available Wi-Fi networks using the following commands:
−scan
−scan_results
3. Use the following wpa_cli sequence to connect to a Wi-Fi network with open security. The following
example uses an SSID “ifx-open”. The SSID can be modified to any value.
Remove_n all
add_network
set_network 0 ssid "ifx-open"
set_network 0 key_mgmt NONE
enable_network 0
select_network 0
status
4. Use the wpa_cli sequence to connect an authenticated SSID with wpa2-psk security. The following example
uses an SSID “ifx-wpa2”. The SSID can be modified to any value.
remove_n all
add_network
set_network 0 ssid "ifx-wpa2"
set_network 0 proto WPA2
set_network 0 key_mgmt WPA-PSK
set_network 0 pairwise CCMP
set_network 0 psk "password"
enable_network 0
select_network 0
5. Use the wpa_cli sequence to connect an authenticated SSID with wpa3-psk security. The following example
uses an SSID “ifx-wpa3”. The SSID can be modified to any value.
remove_n all
scan
scan_results
add_network
set_network 0 ssid "ifx-wpa3"
set_network 0 proto WPA2
set_network 0 key_mgmt SAE
set_network 0 ieee80211w 2
set_network 0 pairwise CCMP
set_network 0 sae_password "password"
enable_network 0
select_network 0
For more information, see wpa_supplicant.

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4.3.3 Using wpa_supplicant configuration
Use one of the following sample contents depending on the required security in the conf file available at
etc/wpa_supplicant.conf:
# WPA Supplicant with open networksecurity configuration.
ctrl_interface=/var/run/wpa_supplicant
driver_param=use_p2p_group_interface=1p2p_device=1
update_config=1
device_name=EA-iMX8-LINUX
config_methods=virtual_push_button physical_display keyboard
interworking=1
sae_pwe=2
sae_groups=19
network={
ssid="ifx-open"
key_mgmt=NONE
}
Or
# WPA Supplicant with WPA2PSK-AES network security configuration.
ctrl_interface=/var/run/wpa_supplicant
driver_param=use_p2p_group_interface=1p2p_device=1
update_config=1
device_name=EA-iMX8-LINUX
config_methods=virtual_push_button physical_display keyboard
interworking=1
sae_pwe=2
sae_groups=19
network={
ssid="ifx-wpa2psk"
key_mgmt=WPA-PSK
proto=WPA2
pairwise=CCMP
psk="password"
}
Or
# WPA Supplicant with WPA3-SAE network security configuration.
ctrl_interface=/var/run/wpa_supplicant
driver_param=use_p2p_group_interf

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ace=1p2p_device=1
update_config=1
device_name=EA-iMX8-LINUX
config_methods=virtual_push_button physical_display keyboard
interworking=1
sae_pwe=2
sae_groups=19
network={
ssid="ifx-wpa3"
scan_ssid=1
ieee80211w=2
key_mgmt=SAE
proto=RSN
pairwise=CCMP
sae_password="password"
}
4.4 Configuring CYW43022 in Deep Sleep mode
Wi-Fi or IoT devices should remain associated with an access point (AP) and need to consume less power. Deep
Sleep is one such feature that can be used for low-power activities on the Wi-Fi chip.
4.4.1 Measure the power
To measure the CYW43022 power consumption, connect the power monitor in series with the AIROC™ 43022
device (see Figure 11).
To measure the power, use the reworked AIROC™ CYW43022 Wi-Fi & Bluetooth® combo chip. Connect the
power monitor configured in ammeter mode or µA rating ammeters in series with the reworked AIROC™
CYW43022 Wi-Fi & Bluetooth® combo chip device (see Figure 8).
To measure the current, connect the VBAT (3.3 V) and VDDIO (1.8 V) power lines in series with the power
monitor (measures two channels) or two ammeters.
Figure 8 Power monitor setup topology

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4.4.2 Set up current measurement
1. Power OFF the iMX8 Nano Developer Kit V3 board before making the series connections.
2. For VBAT (3.3 V), do the following (see Figure 11):
a) Connect J4 of the reworked CYW43022 board in series with the power monitor.
3. For VDDIO (1.8 V), do the following (see Figure 11):
b) Connect J3 of the CYW43022 board in series with the power monitor.
4. For current measurements:
c) Set the power monitor emulation to the current measure configuration (ammeter configuration).
d) Connect both channels.
Note: Supply VBAT and VDDIO before powering on the iMX8 Nano Developer Kit V3.
5. Power ON the iMX8 Nano Developer Kit V3 and load the drivers as explained in the Load the FMAC drivers
and firmware section. By default, the Sleep state is enabled. Confirm it using the following command:
root@imx8mnea-ucom:~/CYW43022/wifi $ ./wl ulp
Note: This command gives the output as ‘0’ for Deep Sleep mode.
6. Connect to an AP as explained in the Using wpa_cli section. After associating with the AP, CYW43022
remains in Deep Sleep mode. Confirm it using the wl ulp command.
7. On loading the drivers, by default, the Sleep state is enabled. Use the following commands to switch to a
Deep Sleep state:
root@imx8mnea-ucom:~/CYW43022/wifi $ ./prepare_deep_sleep.sh
root@imx8mnea-ucom:~/CYW43022/wifi $ ./wl ulp 2

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SLEEP DEEP SLEEP
SLEEP DEEP SLEEP
Ivddio Ivbat
TIME
Figure 9 Waveform of the CYW43022 chip entering the Deep Sleep mode
Figure 9 shows the waveform of Ivbat and Ivddio transitioning from the Sleep state to the Deep Sleep state.

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Ivddio
Ivbat
TIME
SLEEP DEEP SLEEP
SLEEP DEEP SLEEP
Figure 10 Waveform zoomed
Table 1 Current measurement in VBAT and VDDIO
DTIM
Sleep
Deep Sleep
VBAT
VDDIO
VBAT
VDDIO
DTIM 1
219.691 µA
79.727 µA
171.571µA
75.313 µA
DTIM 3
113.063 µA
77.741 µA
81.582 µA
76.227 µA
DTIM 10
55.912 µA
78.726 µA
54.907 µA
22.048 µA
Note: Table 1 lists the sample of the current consumption tested in an Infineon development
environment; actual results may vary.

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Bluetooth® bringup
5Bluetooth® bringup
5.1 Bring up AIROC™ CYW43022 Wi-Fi & Bluetooth® combo chip for
Bluetooth®
Verify whether the BT_REG_ON pin is configured properly using the following command (see Figure 11):
Figure 11 BT_REG_ON pin GPIO status
Use the following software for Bluetooth® development with the AIROC™ CYW43022 Wi-Fi & Bluetooth® combo
chip:
•AIROC™ BTSTACK. For more details, see Application software support for Bluetooth® development.
•Open source BTSTACK. For more details, see BlueZ support.
5.2 Application software support for Bluetooth® development
The following are the software layers:
•Application layer –code examples
•AIROC™ BTSTACK
•BTSTACK porting layer
•MBT - Manufacturing Bluetooth® Test Tool
5.2.1 Application layer – code examples
Note: These code examples only work with AIROC™ BTSTACK.
The application layer contains code examples with a basic structure that demonstrate how to use the AIROC™
BTSTACK APIs to use the Bluetooth® functionality of the AIROC™ CYW43022 Wi-Fi & Bluetooth® combo chip. The
Linux Bluetooth® code example has both Bluetooth® classic and Bluetooth® Low Energy code examples.
The following code examples are available on GitHub:
•AIROC™ BTSTACK: Bluetooth® A2DP Sink for Linux host
•AIROC™ BTSTACK: Bluetooth® Handsfree Audio Gateway for Linux host
•AIROC™ BTSTACK: Bluetooth® Handsfree Unit for Linux host
•AIROC™ BTSTACK: Bluetooth® SPP server for Linux host
•AIROC™ BTSTACK: Bluetooth® LE hello sensor for Linux host
•AIROC™ BTSTACK: Bluetooth® Alert Server(ANS) for Linux host
•AIROC™ BTSTACK: Bluetooth® Alert Client(ANC) for Linux host
•AIROC™ BTSTACK: Bluetooth® Battery Server (BAS) for Linux host