Motorola i897 Operating and maintenance manual

Detailed Service Manual
Detailed Test Procedures
F
89
7
Digital Multi-Service,
Data-Capable Portable

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89
7
Digital Multi-Service,
Data-Capable Portable
Detailed Service Manual
Detailed Test Procedures
APRIL 2010
iii
6880401P59-O

Manual Revisions
Changes that occur after this manual is printed are described in the Field Manual Revisions (FMRs). The FMRs
provide the most current instructions and component information.
Copyright Information
The Motorola products described in this manual may include Motorola computer programs stored in semiconductor
memories or other media that are copyrighted with all rights reserved worldwide to Motorola. Laws in the United
States and other countries preserve for Motorola, Inc. certain exclusive rights to the copyrighted computer programs,
including the exclusive right to copy, reproduce, modify, decompile, disassemble, and reverse-engineer the
Motorola computer programs in any manner or form without Motorola’s prior written consent. Furthermore, the
purchase of Motorola products shall not be deemed to grant either directly or by implication, estoppels, or otherwise,
any license or rights under the copyrights, patents, or patent applications of Motorola, except for a nonexclusive
license to use the Motorola product and the Motorola computer programs with the Motorola product.
Trademarks
MOTOROLA, the Stylized M Logo, Message Mail, VibraCall, and iDEN are registered trademarks of Motorola,
Inc. ® Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners.
© Copyright 2007, Motorola, Inc. All rights reserved.
iv
6880401P59-O

SAFETY AND GENERAL INFORMATION
SAFETY AND GENERAL INFORMATION
Product Operation
This section contains important information on the safe and efficient operation of
your mobile device. Read thisinformationbeforeusingyourintegratedmulti-service
portable radio.* When placing or receiving a phone call, hold your radio product as you would a wire
line telephone. Speak directly into the microphone.
Exposure to Radio Frequency (RF) Energy
Ifyouweara radioproductonyourbodywhen transmitting,alwaysplacetheradio
product inaMotorola approved clip, holder, holster, case or body harness. If you
do not use a body-worn accessorysuppliedorapprovedby Motorolaandare not
using the radio product in the intended use positions along side the head in
the phone modeorinfrontofthefaceinthetwo-wayradiomode—orifyouhang
yourdevicefrom a lanyardaroundyour neck—keepthedeviceat least 2.5
centimeters (1 inch) from your body when transmitting.
Your phone contains a transmiter and receiver. Whenitis ON,itreceivesand
transmits RFenergy.When you communicate with your phone, the system
handling your call controls the power level at which your phone transmits.
Your Motorola phone is designed to comply with localregulatoryrequirements
inyourcountryconcerning exposure of human beings to RF energy.
ALL MODELS WITH FCC ID IHDT56KQ1 MEET THE
GOVERNMENT’S REQUIREMENTS FOR EXPOSURE TO
RADIO WAVES.
Portable Radio Product Operationand
EME Exposure
Your Motorola radio product is designed to comply with the following national
and international standards and guidelines regarding exposure of humanbeings
to radiofrequency electromagneticenergy (EME):
Your wireless phone is a radio transmitter and receiver. It is designed and
manufactured notto exceed the emission limits for exposure to radiofrequency
(RF)energysetbytheFederalCommunications Commission of the U.S.
Government. These limits are part of comprehensiveguidelinesandestablish
permittedlevels of RFenergy forthe generalpopulation. Theguidelines are based
on standards that were developed by independentscientific organizations through
periodic and thorough evaluation of scientific studies. The standards include a
substantialsafety margin designed to assurethe safety of all persons, regardless of
ageand health.
•United States Federal Communications Commission, Code ofFederal
Regulations; 47 CFR part 2 sub-part J.
•American National Standards Institute (ANSI) / Institute of Electrical
and ElectronicsEngineers(IEEE).C95.1-1992.
•Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE).C95.1-2005
Edition.* Theexposurestandard forwireless mobilephones employs a unit of measurement
known as the SpecificAbsorptionRate,orSAR.TheSARlimitsetby the FCC is
1.6W/kg.1Tests for SAR are conducted using standard operating positions
reviewed by theFCC with the phone transmitting atits highest certified power level
in all tested frequency bands. Although the SAR is determined at the highest
certified power level, the actualSAR level of the phone while operating can be
well below the maximum value. This is because the phone is designedto
operate at multiple power levels so as to use only the power required to reach
the network. In general, the closer you are to awireless base station antenna, the
lowerthepower output.
•International CommissiononNon-IonizingRadiation Protection (ICNIRP)
1998.
•Ministryof Health(Canada).SafetyCode6.Limits of Human
Exposure to Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields in the
Frequency Range from 3 kHz to 300 GHz,1999.
•Australian Communications Authority Radio communications
(Electromagnetic Radiation - Human Exposure) Standard 2003.
•ANATEL, Brazil Regulatory Authority, Resolution 303(July2,2002)
"Regulationofthe limitation of exposure to electrical, magnetic,and
electromagnetic fields in the Before a phone model is available for sale to the public, it must be tested and
certified to the FCC that isdoes notexceedthelimitestablishedbythe
government-adopted requirement for safe exposure.Thetestsareperformedin
positions andlocations (e.g.,at the ear andworn on thebody) as required by the
FCC foreach model. Thehighest SAR value for this model phone when tested
for use at theearis0.32W/kg andwhentestedonthebody, as described inthis user
guide,is0.45 W/kg during packetdata transmission.(Body-worn measurements
differ among phone models, dependinguponavailableaccessoriesandFCC
requirements.)2
* The information provided in this document supersedes the general safety
information in user’s guides published prior to May 1, 2006
radio frequency range between 9 kHz and 300GHz.""AttachmenttoResolution
303 from July 2, 2002. While there may be differences between the SAR levels of various phones and at
various positions, they all meet thegovernment requirement forsafe exposure.
The FCC has granted an Equipment Authorization forthis modelphonewithall
reportedSAR levelsevaluated as in compliance with the FCC RF exposure
guidelines. SAR information on this model phone is on file with the FCC and
can be found under the Display Grant section of http://www.fcc.gov/oet/fccid
after searching on FCC ID IHDT56KQ1.
Additional information on Specific Absorption Rates (SAR) can be found on
the Cellular Telecommunications Industry Association (CTIA) web-site at
http://www.wow-com.com.
1 In the United States and Canada, the SAR limit for mobile phones used by the
public is 1.6 watts/kg (W/kg) averaged over one gram of tissue. The standard
incorporates a substantial margin of safety to give additional protection for the
publicand to account forany variations in measurements.
2 The SAR information reported to the FCC includes the FCC-accepted
Motorolatestingprotocol,assessment procedure, and measurement
uncertainty range for this product.
Operational Precautions
To assure optimal radio product performanceand to be sure that human exposure
to RF does not exceed the guidelines set forth in the relevant standards, always
follow these instructionsand precautions :
Two-way radio operation
Your radio product has been designed and tested to comply with national and
international standards and guidelines regarding human exposure to RF
electromagnetic energy, when operated in the two-way mode (at the face, or at
the abdomenwhenusing anaudioaccessory)atusage factors of up to 50%
talk/50% listen.
Transmit no more than the rated duty factor of 50% of the time. To transmit
(talk), push the Walkie-Talkie (WT) button. To receive calls, releasethe WT
button. Transmitting 50% of the time or less, is important because this radio
generates measurable RF energy only when transmitting(intermsofmeasuring
for standards compliance).
When using your radio product as a traditional
two-way radio, hold the radio product in a vertical
position with the microphone one to two inches (2.5
to 5 cm) away from the lips.
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SAFETY AND GENERAL INFORMATION
Approved Accessories
For a list of approved Motorola accessories call 1 -800-453-0920, or visit our
website at www.motorola.com/iden.
RFEnergyInterference/Compatibility
Nearly every electronic device is subject to RF energy interference from external
sources if inadequately shielded, designed or otherwise configuredforRF energy
compatibility.Insomecircumstances your handset may cause interference with
other devices.
FollowInstructions to AvoidInterference Problems
TurnOFFyourradioproductwhereposted notices instruct you to do so.
In an aircraft, turn off your radio product whenever instructed to do so by
airline staff. If your radio product offers an airplane mode or similar feature,
consult airline staff about using it in flight.
Implantable Medical Devices
If you have an implantable medical devices, such as a pacemaker or defibrillator,
consultyourphysician before using this radio product.
Personswith implantable medicaldevicesshouldobserve the following
precautions:
•ALWAYS keep the phone morethan 20centimeters (8 inches) from the
implantable medical device when the phone is turned ON.
•DO NOTcarry thephone ina breast pocket;
•Use the ear opposite the implantable medical device to minimize the
potential for interference.
•TurnOFFthephoneimmediatelyif you have any reasontosuspectthatthe
interference is taking place.
Read and follow the directions from the manufacturer of your implantable
medicaldevice.If you have any questions about using your wireless
phone with your implantable medical device, consult your health care
provider
Hearing Aids
Some mobile devices may interfere with some hearing aids. In the eventofsuch
interference,youmay want to consult your hearing aid manufacturer or
physician to discuss alternatives.
OtherMedicalDevicesand Health CareFacilities
If youuse any other personal medical devices, consultyourphysician orthe
manufactureroryourdevice to determine if it is adequately shielded fromRF
energy.Turnoffyourradioproductwheninstructed to do so in hospitals or health
care facilities that may be using equipment that is sensitive to external RF
energy.
Driving Precautions
Check the laws and regulations on the use of radio products in the area where you
drive. Alwaysobey them.
When using your radio product while driving, please:
•Give full attention to driving and to the road. Using a mobile device
may be distracting. Discontinuea call ifyou can’t concentrate on driving.
•Use hands free operation, if available.
•Pull offthe roadand parkbefore making or answering a call if driving
conditions so require.
•Donot placea handsetinthe airbag deployment area.
Responsible driving practices canbe found in the “Smart Practices While Driving”
section at the end of this guide and/or at the Motorola Web site:
www.motorola.com/callsmart.
Note: The use of wireless phones while driving maycause distraction.
Operational Warnings
Obey all posted signs when using mobile devices in public areas.
Potentially Explosive Atmospheres
Areas with potentially explosiveatmospheresareoften but not always posted,
and can include fueling areas such as below decks on boats, fuel orchemical
transferorstorage facilities, or areaswhere the air contains chemicals or
particles, such as grain, dust or metal powders.
When you are in such area, turn off your handset,and do not remove, install, or
chargebatteriesunless it is a radio product type especially qualified foruse in
such areas as “Intrinsically Safe”(for example,FactoryMutual,CSA,orUL
approved). In such areas, sparks can occur and cause an explosion or fire
Batteries and Chargers
Caution: Improper treatment or use of batteries may present a danger of fire,
explosion, leakage, or other hazard. For more information, see the “BatteryUse
andBattery Safety” sectioninthisuser’s guide.
Yourbattery,charger,orportableradiomaycontain symbols, defined as follows:
Symbol Definition
Important safety information follows.
Do not dispose of your battery or mobile device
in a fire.
Yourbatteryormobiledevice may require
recycling in accordance with local laws. Contact
your local regulatory authorities for more
information.
Do not throw your battery or mobile device in
the trash.
Your mobile device an internal lithium ion battery
Do not let your battery, charger, ormobile device
get wet.
Listening at full volume to music or voice through
a headset maydamageyourhearing
.
.
Discontinue a call if you can’t concentrate on driving. Additionally, the use of
wireless devices and their accessories may beprohibited or restricted in certain
areas. Always obey thelaws andregulationsontheuseof theseproducts.
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SAFETY AND GENERAL INFORMATION
Choking Hazards
Your portable radio or its accessories may include detachable parts, which
may present a choking hazard to small children. Keep your device and its
accessories away from small children.
Glass Parts
Some partsof yourmobiledevicemay bemadeof glass. This glass could break if
the product is dropped on a hard surface or receives a substantial impact. If
glass breaks, do not touch or attempt to remove.Stop using your mobile device
until the glass is replaced by a qualified service center.
Seizures/Blackouts
Some people may be susceptible to epileptic seizuresor blackoutswhen
exposed to flashing lights, suchas whenplayingvideo games.These may occur
even if a person has never had a previous seizure or blackout
If you have experienced seizures or blackouts, or if you have a family history of
such occurrences, please consult with your physician before playing video
games or enabling a flashing-lights feature (if available) on your mobile
device. Discontinue use and consult a physician if any of the following
symptoms occur: convulsion, eye or muscle twitching, loss of awareness,
involuntary movements, or disorientation. It is always a good idea to hold the
screen away from your eyes, leave the lights on in the room, take a 15-minute
breakevery hour, and stop use if you are very tired.
Caution About High Volume Usage
Listening at full volume to music or voice through a headset may
damage your hearing.
Repetitive Motion
When you repetitively perform actions such as pressing keys or entering
finger-written characters, you may experience occasional discomfort in your
hands, arms, shoulders, neck, orotherpartsofyourbody.Ifyoucontinueto have
discomfort during or after such use, stop use and see a physician.
Service & Repairs
If you have questions or need assistance, we’re here to help.
Go to www.motorola.com/iden/support, whereyoucan select from a number of
customer care options. You can also contact the Motorola CustomerSupport
Centerat1-800-453-0920(UnitedStates),1-877-483-2840(TTY/TDDUnitedStatesfor
hearing impaired)
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SAFETY AND GENERAL INFORMATION
Charging precautions: When charging your battery,
keep it near room temperature.Never expose
batteries to temperatures below 0°C (32°F) or above
45°C (113°F) when charging. Always take your mobile
device with you when you leave your vehicle
Battery Use & Battery Safety
•Motorola recommends you always use
Motorola-brandedbatteriesandchargers. The warranty
doesnot cover damage caused by non-Motorola
batteries and/or chargers. Caution: Use of an
unqualified battery or charger may present a risk of fire,
explosion, leakage, or other hazard. Improper battery
use, or use of a damaged battery, may result in a fire,
explosion, or other hazard.
•When storing your battery, keep it in acool, dry place.
•Battery usage by children should be supervised.
•Important: Motorola mobile devices are designed
to work best with qualified batteries. If you see a
message on your display such as InvalidBatteryor Unable
toCharge, take the following steps:
•Remove the battery and inspect it to confirm that it
bearsaMotorola“Original Equipment” hologram;
•If there is no hologram, the battery is not a qualified
battery;
•If there is a hologram, replace the battery and retry
charging it;
•If the message remains, contact a Motorola Authorized
Service Center.
•New batteries or batteries stored for a long time may
take more time to charge.
•It is normal over time for battery life to decrease,and
forthebatterytoexhibitshorter runtime between
charges or require more frequent or longer
charging times.
•Avoid damage to battery and mobile device. Do not
disassemble, open, crush, bend, deform, puncture,
shred, or submerge the battery or mobile device. Avoid
dropping the batteryor mobile device, especially on a
hard surface. If your battery or mobile device has
been subjected to such damage, take it to a Motorola
Authorized Service Center before using. Do not
attempt to dry it with an appliance or heat source, such
asahair dryer or microwave oven.
•Use care when handling a charged
battery—particularly when placing it inside a pocket,
purse, or other container with metal objects. Contact
with metal objects (e.g., jewelry, keys, beaded chains)
could complete an electrical circuit (short circuit),
causing the battery to become very hot, which could
cause damage or injury.
Promptly dispose of used batteries in accordance with local regulations.
Contact your localrecycling center forproper battery disposal.
Warning: Neverdispose ofbatteries ina firebecause they may explode.
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MODEL INFORMATION
MODEL INFORMATION
This manual applies to the following iDEN i897 Digital Portable models:
H75XAH6JS5AN 806-940 MHz, Multi-Service, Data-Capable Portable
MODEL NUMBERING SYSTEM
Typical Model Number: H 7 5 X A H 6 J S 5 A N
Position: 1
ix
23456789101112
Position 1 - Type of Unit
Position 12 - Unique
H = Hand-Held Portable
M = Mobile Product Model Variations
N = Standard Package
Positions 2 and 3 - Model Series Position 11 - Version
Version Letter (Alpha)
Major Change
Position 10 - Feature
level
01 = i365
02 = i776
23 = i9
40 = i85s/i55sr/i50sx Products
41 = i90c Products
45 = i265 Products
48 = i80s Products
56 = i30sx/i30s Products
57 = i95cl Products
58 = i88s/i58sr Products
59 = i60c Products
62 = i205/i305 Products
63 = i530/i730/i710 Products
68 = i325pro Products
69 = i31 5plus Products
73 = i860 Products
74 = i830 Products
75 = i285 / i890 / i897 Products
72 = i930 Products
85 = i870 Products ;
83 = i580 Products ;
92 = i9 Products
94 = i880/i885 Products
1 = Basic
2 = Limited Pkg
3 = Limited Plus
4 = Intermediate
5 = Standard Pkg
6 = Standard Plus
7 = Expanded Pkg
8 = Expanded Plus
9 = Full Feature
Programmable
Position 4 - Frequency Band Position 9 - Primary System
T
R = iDEN Shared
U = 806 to 870 MHz
X = 806 to 941 MHz
*Values given represent range only;
they are not absolute.
Position 5 - Power Level Position 8 - Primar
y
N = Digital Dispatch
A = 0 to 0.7 Watts Q = Low Profile - Basic Display
B = 0.7 to 0.9 Watts R = Digital Multi-Service
C = 1.0 to 3.9 Watts
D = 4.0 to 5.0 Watts J = TDMA Digital Dual Mode
E = 5.1 to 6.0 Watts
F = 6.1 to 10.0 Watts
Position 6 - Physical Packages Position 7 - Channel Spacing
1 = 5 kHz
2 = 6.25 kHz
3 = 10 kHz
4 = 12.5 kHz
F = Limited Keypad - With Display
H = Full Keypad - With Display
N = Enhanced Controls - Enhanced Display
5 = 15 kHz
6 = 25 kHz
7 = 30 kHz
9 = Variable Programmable
6880401P59-O

MODEL SPECIFICATIONS
MODEL SPECIFICATIONS
GENERAL RECEIVER TRANMITTER
FCC Designation: IHDT56KQ1 Receiver Type Direct Conversion Transmitter Type Single Conversio
n
Operational Modes Phone Frequency Range 851-870 MHz Frequency Range 806-825 MHz
Private 935-940 MHz 896-901 MHz
Group
Circuit Data
Packet Data
Temperature Range Channel Spacing: Emission Designator 18K3D7W
Operating –10°C to –60°C iDEN 25kHz
Storage (w/o battery) –40°C to +85°
C
Frequency Stability Modulation Type Quad 16QAM
Battery Type Lithium Ion Referenced to base Quad 64QAM
station 0.4 ppm Quad QPSK
Recommended Sensitivity (10%)BER Frequency Stability:
Battery (M-16 QAM) -111 dBm Referenced to base
Standard Battery SNN5823 Station 0.4 ppm
Spurious Emissions:
Battery Voltage Spurious Response Conducted -13 dBm
Nominal 3.7 Vdc Immunity: -51 dBm Radiated -13 dBm
Range 3.0 to 4. 2 Vdc
Dimensions(HxWxD) Spurious Radiation RF Pulse Avg Power:
100.0 x 52.5 Above 960 MHz <500μV/m iDEN (dynamically
w/Standard Battery x 18.0 mm 216–960 MHz <200μV/m adjusted) -6 to +28 dBm
88–216 MHz
<150μV/m
30–88 MHz
<100μV/m
Weight: Audio Output Power Adjacent Channel
With standard battery 125.0 g &Speakerphone Rating Power
(Private and Group iDEN (at ±25 kHz in -55 dB
Modes only) into 18 kHz BW)
Volume 67.0 cc 8 ohms at maximum
volume (nominal
battery voltage) 500mW
Distortion at Rated
Audio:
Electrical Acoustical 5% Max
Acoustical 10% Max
All Specifications +/- 5%
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PREFACE: Conventions Used in This Manual
PREFACE
The i897 is Digital Multi-Service, Data-Capable Portable Field Service Manual
contains the information necessary to identify and fix problems in the Motorola i897 is
Digital Portable. This unit is based on digital technology and is designed to operate on iDEN
systems.
Basic and field-level service for this unit as described in this manual includes troubleshooting,
testing, board swapping, and maintenance.
Service for this unit is based on the substitution method: a faulty part is replaced by a working one,
providing quicker service to the customer. For example, if the battery is faulty, it is replaced. If
the unit requires more complete testing or service than is available at the basic level, it is sent to
the field-level service facility, serviced, and returned to the iDEN Customer Care Center (ICC).
NOTE: Before operating or testing this unit, please read the Safety and General Information
section in the front of this manual.
Who Should Use This Manual
This manual is intended for service technicians who should be familiar with the test equipment
recommended in Appendix A. To help pinpoint basic problems with the unit, first perform the
mechanical checks and self tests as described in Chapter 5; then proceed to field level
troubleshooting and testing.
How This Manual Is Organized
This manual contains the following chapters and appendices:
Chapter 1 presents the theory and technology used by the iDEN system and unit.
Chapter 2 describes how to prepare test equipment setups for the iDEN system and how to operate
the test equipment. It also contains disassembly and reassembly instructions.
Chapter 3 describes the troubleshooting procedures.
Chapter 4 contains the component board layouts, schematic diagrams and component lists.
Appendix A Provides information on ordering kits and replacement parts. It also contains lists of
recommended test equipment.
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PREFACE: Conventions Used in This Manual
Conventions Used in This Manual
The following conventions are used throughout this manual:
italics Used for emphasis and new terms
bold Defines menu items, fields, and buttons
c o d e Used for sample input and output
Related Publications
The following publications are available separately:
R-2660 Digital Communications System Analyzer Operator’s Manual 68P80386B72
iDEN i897 Digital Multi-Service Data-Capable Phone User’s Guide:
Motorola User Guides
Carrier User Guide
Mexico NTN2603A
Peru NNTN7946A
Int'l Generic NNTN7947A
Southern Linc NNTN7951A
Israel NTN2581A
Nextel Argentina NNTN7946A
Brazil Retail NNTN7948A
Carrier User Guide
Mexico NTN2603A
Int'l Generic NNTN7947A
Israel NTN2581A
Brazil Retail NNTN7948A
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CONTENTS
SAFETY AND GENERAL INFORMATION............................................v
MODEL INFORMATION...............................................................................ix
MODEL SPECIFICATIONS......................................................................x
PREFACE ...................................................................................................xi
CONTENTS ................................................................................................xiii
Chapter 1 ....................................................................................................17
SYSTEM OVERVIEW..................................................................................17
1.1 iDEN Digital Modulation Technology.........................................................................................17
1.2 iDEN Voice Compression Technology........................................................................................19
1.2.1 RF Transmission Bursts......................................................................................................................... 19
1.2.2 Calling Area Coverage........................................................................................................................... 20
1.2.3 Service Area........................................................................................................................................... 21
1.3 Radio Architecture Overview...................................................................................................... 22
1.4 Roadrunner Circuitry ..................................................................................................................23
1.5 Audio Section...............................................................................................................................25
1.5.1 Acoustic Transducers............................................................................................................................. 25
1.5.2 Audio Amplifiers................................................................................................................................... 25
1.5.3 Audio Modes.......................................................................................................................................... 27
1.5.4 Audio Paths............................................................................................................................................ 27
1.5.5 Transmit Paths ....................................................................................................................................... 28
1.5.6 Receive Paths......................................................................................................................................... 28
1.6 Digital Section ...............................................................................................................................28
1.6.1 Zeus Processor....................................................................................................................................... 29
1.6.2 MCU Digital Phase Locked Loop (DPLL)............................................................................................ 30
1.6.3 Host System Clock Synthesizer............................................................................................................. 30
1.6.4 Host System Clock Synthesizer............................................................................................................. 30
1.6.5 ZEUS Digital Signal Processor.............................................................................................................. 31
1.6.6 DSP Phase Locked Loop (PLL)............................................................................................................. 31
1.6.7 Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) ............................................................................................................ 31
1.6.8 System Memory..................................................................................................................................... 32
1.6.9 USB2.0................................................................................................................................................... 32
1.6.10 Battery ID .............................................................................................................................................. 33
1.6.11 Keypad Block ........................................................................................................................................ 33
1.6.12 LCD Circuit ........................................................................................................................................... 34
1.6.13 CMOS 2.0 Mega-pixel Focus Camera................................................................................................... 34
1.7 Transmitter Path Section.............................................................................................................35
1.7.1 ROADRUNNER.................................................................................................................................... 36
1.7.2 Sledgehammer IC (TX Path).................................................................................................................. 37
1.7.3 JANUS................................................................................................................................................... 37
1.7.4 Cartesian Feedback................................................................................................................................39
1.7.5 Level Set and Phase Training................................................................................................................. 40
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1.8 Receiver Path Section................................................................................................................... 42
1.8.1 JANUS Module (RXPath)......................................................................................................................43
1.8.2 Sledgehammer IC (RXPath)...................................................................................................................43
1.8.3 Roadrunner IC (RX Path).......................................................................................................................43
1.9 Frequency Generator (RF) Section............................................................................................. 44
1.10 Global Positioning System (GPS) Section............................................................................... 45
1.10.1 GPS Receiver .........................................................................................................................................45
1.10.2 GPS Antenna..........................................................................................................................................46
1.10.3 JANUS IC...............................................................................................................................................46
1.10.4 GPS Receiver .........................................................................................................................................46
1.10.5 GPS Receiver .........................................................................................................................................46
1.10.6 GPS Receiver .........................................................................................................................................46
1.10.7 GPS Receiver .........................................................................................................................................46
1.10.8 GPS Receiver .........................................................................................................................................46
1.11 Bluetooth® Wireless System.................................................................................................... 47
Chapter 2 ...................................................................................................49
PREPARING FOR FIELD LEVEL TESTING ..............................................49
2.1 Preparing Equipment for Testing............................................................................................... 49
2.1.1 Calibrating Equipment............................................................................................................................49
2.1.2 Checking the RF Cable...........................................................................................................................49
2.1.3 Strong-Signal Environments...................................................................................................................49
2.1.4 Protecting Static-Sensitive Devices........................................................................................................49
2.2 Using RSS...................................................................................................................................... 50
2.3 Connecting an i897 Unit to the R-2660....................................................................................... 50
2.4 Operating the R-2660................................................................................................................... 51
2.5 Dis-Assembly and Assembly of i897 Unit................................................................................... 52
2.6 Disassembly Procedure ................................................................................................................ 52
2.6.1 Disassembly Sequence Pane chart..........................................................................................................52
2.6.2 Battery Cover and Battery Removal.......................................................................................................53
2.6.3 SIM Card and SD Card Removal...........................................................................................................54
2.6.4 Back Housing Removal..........................................................................................................................55
2.6.5 Main Board Removal .............................................................................................................................56
2.6.6 Flip Assembly Access ............................................................................................................................57
2.7 Assembly Procedure..................................................................................................................... 59
2.7.1 Assembly Sequence Pane Chart .............................................................................................................59
2.7.2 Main Board Preparation .........................................................................................................................60
2.7.3 Flip to Front Housing Assembly ............................................................................................................62
2.7.4 Main Board Assembly............................................................................................................................65
2.7.5 Back Housing Assembly ........................................................................................................................67
2.7.6 Closing the Unit......................................................................................................................................68
2.7.7 SIM Card and SD Card Installation........................................................................................................69
2.7.8 Battery and Battery Door Installation.....................................................................................................70
Chapter 3....................................................................................................71
TROUBLESHOOTING.............................................................................71
3.1 Digital Analysis Test..................................................................................................................... 71
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3.2 LO Output Test.............................................................................................................................74
3.3 RX Main VCO Test ......................................................................................................................75
3.4 Keypad Failure Test. ....................................................................................................................77
3.5 SLEDGEHAMMER Test.............................................................................................................78
3.6 RX Analysis Test...........................................................................................................................80
3.7 TX Power Test...............................................................................................................................83
3.8 Tx Janus Module Test ..................................................................................................................84
3.9 SLEDGEHAMMER Tx Test.......................................................................................................86
3.10 Earpiece Speaker Test ..............................................................................................................89
3.11 High Audio Speaker Test..........................................................................................................91
3.12 Audio Loopback Level Test......................................................................................................93
3.13 Reference Oscillator Test..........................................................................................................94
3.14 DC Distribution (V1) Test ........................................................................................................96
3.15 DC Distribution (V2) Test ........................................................................................................97
3.16 DC Distribution (V3) Test ........................................................................................................98
3.17 DC Distribution (V4) Test ........................................................................................................99
3.18 DC Distribution (V_VIB) Test ............................................................................................... 100
3.19 DC Distribution (SW1) Test................................................................................................... 101
3.20 DC Distribution (SW2) Test................................................................................................... 102
3.21 DC Distribution (SW3) Test................................................................................................... 103
3.22 DC Distribution (VUSB) Test.................................................................................................104
3.23 DC Distribution (VSIM) Test.................................................................................................105
3.24 DC Distribution (VHOLD) Test.............................................................................................106
3.25 GPS Receiver Test...................................................................................................................107
3.26 Mototalk...................................................................................................................................110
3.27 Model Assembly (MA) Test Mode Test.................................................................................110
Chapter 4 ..................................................................................................115
4.1 Main Board Component Layout................................................................................................116
4.2 HIERARCHY - TOP SHEET....................................................................................................117
4.3 ZEUS DIGITAL INTERFACE.................................................................................................118
4.4 ZEUS MEMORY INTERFACE ...............................................................................................119
4.5 ZEUS POWER............................................................................................................................120
4.6 DISPLAY AND CAMERA INTERFACE................................................................................ 121
4.7 ZEUS............................................................................................................................................ 122
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4.8 KEYPAD B2B CONNECTOR.................................................................................................. 123
4.9 ROADRUNNER DC................................................................................................................... 124
4.10 ROADRUNNER INTERFACE ............................................................................................. 125
4.11 ROADRUNNER AUDIO ....................................................................................................... 126
4.12 ROADRUNNER RF INTERFACE - EMU .......................................................................... 127
4.13 BLUETOOTH......................................................................................................................... 128
4.14 EMU BLOCK.......................................................................................................................... 129
4.15 EMU IC.................................................................................................................................... 130
4.16 TRANSCEIVER...................................................................................................................... 131
4.17 Component Locations............................................................................................................. 132
APPENDIX A ..........................................................................................141
A.1 Customer Service............................................................................................................................ 141
A.2 Replacement Parts.......................................................................................................................... 141
A.3 Domestic Orders ............................................................................................................................. 141
A.4 International Orders ...................................................................................................................... 141
A.5 Replacement Kits............................................................................................................................ 142
A.6 Recommended Test Equipment and Tools................................................................................... 145
A.7 Recommended Programming Equipment.................................................................................... 146
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OVERVIEW: iDEN Digital Modulation Technology
Chapter 1
SYSTEM OVERVIEW
To achieve a high spectrum efficiency, the i897 digital multi-service, data-capable portable unit
uses a unique modulation technology and sophisticated voice-compression algorithm. The voice of
the person speaking into the microphone is converted into a digital bit stream consisting of
zeros (0) and ones (1). The stream then is modulated into a radio-frequency (RF) signal, which is
transmitted over the air to another unit. This process is called digital modulation.
1.1 iDEN Digital Modulation Technology
The i897 digital portable is a dual band 806-870 MHz and 896-940 MHz unit. It operates in
multiple modes: phone, private, data, and group; and uses three digital modulation technologies:
Quad QAM, Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK), and Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA).
Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) is a modulation technique that transmits information by
altering the amplitude and phase of the radio frequency (RF) signal. Data is converted into complex
symbols, which alter the RF signal and transmit the information. When the signal is received, the
amplitude and phase are converted back into symbols and then into the original data.
There are three different QAM modes that are used for different applications: 64QAM, 16QAM, and
4QAM. In voice applications, 16QAM is used, while in data applications, 64QAM, 16QAM, and
4QAM are used.
NOTE: The 900 MHz band operates only in 16QAM modulation.
In 64QAM, 64 possible combinations of 6 bits are converted into a unique amplitude and phase. In
16QAM, there are 16 possible combinations of 4 bits, while in 4QAM, there are 4 possible
combinations of 2 bits.
The traditional 25 kHz channel used for two-way radios is split into four QAM signals (subcarriers)
that are transmitted simultaneously. This technique can transmit 64 Kbps in a single 25 kHz
channel
The iDEN system requires approximately 10 Kbps to transmit a compressed voice;
therefore, 64 Kbps can accommodate 6 voice channels or 3 voice channels in enhanced
systems.
The signal spectrum of the Quad 16QAM is shown in Figure 1-1
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OVERVIEW: iDEN Digital Modulation Technology
Frequency from Desired Channel Center (kHz)
Figure 1-1: Spectrum of iDEN Quad 16QAM
Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK) is one of the most common modulation techniques for satellite
communications. In QPSK, a digital data stream is taken two bits at a time to generate four possible phase
states of the transmitted carrier. A characteristic of this technique is its resistance to noise.
Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) is used to allocate portions of the RF signal by dividing time into 6
slots, one for each unit. Time allocation enables each unit to transmit its voice information without
interference from another unit’s transmission.
Transmission from a unit or base station is accommodated in time-slot lengths of 15 milliseconds and frame
lengths of 90 milliseconds (see Figure 1-2).
Note that Rx (outbound) indicates base-to subscriber transmissions; Tx (inbound) indicates
subscriber-to-base transmissions. The slots are paired and have a fixed offset of 19 milliseconds; their
timings are synchronized by the iDEN system. The TDMA technique requires sophisticated algorithms and
one digital-signal processor (DSP) to perform voice compression/decompression and RF
modulation/demodulation
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OVERVIEW: iDEN Digital Modulation Technology
Portable Unit
When turned on, scans for control station, then transmits one slot every six slots.
Figure 1 iDEN TDMA Format
1.2 iDEN Voice Compression Technology
Voice is converted into a digital bit stream by sampling the voice signal at a high rate and
converting the samples into numbers, which are represented by bits. A sample consists of 8 bits.
Approximately 8000 samples per second (64 Kbps) are required to maintain a reasonable quality.
Voice compression reduces the number of bits per second while maintaining the voice at an
acceptable quality level. The iDEN system uses a coding technique called Vector Sum Excited
Linear Prediction (VSELP) to compress voice to 4.2 or 8.0 Kbps. The compressed voice-data bits
modulate the RF signal. The compression rate is based on the type of call (dispatch or interconnect)
and the network configuration established by the local service provider.
Adding error-correction bits to the coded-voice bits increases the required RF-transmission bit rate
to approximately 7.4 Kbps for the 4.2 Kbps voice coder and 14.8 Kbps for the 8.0 Kbps voice
coder.
1.2.1 RF Transmission Bursts
RF transmissions within an iDEN system occur in 15 millisecond blocks called bursts. An iDEN
base station transmits bursts continuously on each RF frequency it uses. Transmission bursts from
the stations are synchronized in time by signals received from the global positioning satellite
(GPS) system. Each burst is numbered; the number is referred to as the slot number. All bursts
occurring at a given time carry the same slot number..
Inbound transmission bursts (sent from the unit) are offset 19 milliseconds from the outbound
burst; the inbound burst begins 4 milliseconds after the end of the outbound burst (see Figure 1-2
on page 3). This offset in time allows the unit to appear capable of transmitting and receiving at
the same time (it actually is switching rapidly back and forth between receiving and transmitting).
In current iDEN systems, outbound transmissions in the 800 MHz band range from 851-870 MHz;
inbound transmissions are 45 MHz lower in frequency. For the 900 MHz band, outbound
transmissions range from 935-940 MHz; inbound transmissions are 39 MHz lower in frequency.
.
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OVERVIEW: iDEN Digital Modulation Technology
An iDEN channel is created by grouping bursts so that their slot numbers differ by a number
referred to as the repetition rate. The i897 unit uses two repetition rates for interconnect voice calls:
6:1 and 3:1. A single frequency can handle six calls using a 6:1 repetition rate with the 4.2 Kbps
coder. Dispatch calls always use this rate. However, the audio quality of the 3:1 repetition rate with
the 8.0 Kbps coder is superior to the 6:1 rate with the 4.2 Kbps coder. Most service providers
configure the system and unit to allow only the 3:1 rate for interconnect calls.
Calls are set up on a primary control channel (PCCH) in response to a request from a unit or a
regular telephone connected to the Public Switch Telephone Network (PSTN). The PCCH is
established by the base station equipment; typically, it is a 6:1 channel.
The outbound PCCH carries system information and “pages” to specific subscriber units and asks
them to respond if they are available for a call. Inbound PCCH transmissions carry responses to the
“pages” and requests by subscriber units to set up calls. Inbound transmissions on the primary
control channel only take 7.5 milliseconds and can be timed to occur in either half of a 15-
millisecond burst.
The dual band unit will power up in the 800 MHz band and will use these channels for control
channels—Primary Control Channel (PCCH) and Broadcast Control Channel (BCCH). The 900
MHz mode will be used only during 3:1 interconnect calls. Every attempt will be made to assign
the unit to 900 MHz carriers during new 3:1 interconnect calls, handovers into a cell, and inter-cell
handovers. If no resources are available, or if available resources have insufficient channel quality
(in the case of a handover), then 800 MHz carriers will be evaluated.
Using the above techniques, the iDEN system can operate six voice channels simultaneously in dispatch
mode or 3 voice channels simultaneously in interconnect mode on a single RF carrier at 25 kHz bandwidth
1.2.2 Calling Area Coverage
Area coverage is obtained by dividing the area into a mosaic of cells. Coverage is controlled so that
frequencies can be reused with less distance between sites. Each cell is covered by a base station,
which is classified as Omni or Sectored. An Omni station connects base transceivers to antennas
that have a circular pattern centered at the site. A Sectored station connects base transceivers to
directional antennas that point in particular directions. Units that operate in a multi-site system
must be able to “hand off” from one coverage area to another as the user moves about during a call.
Handoff is controlled by the iDEN system.
In Figure 1-3, the area is divided into several cells, each containing a cell site (base station)
operating on a given set of channels, which interfaces radio-telephone subscribers to the switching
station.
Figure 1-3. Hypothetical iDEN Cell System
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