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Nagra Nagra-D User manual

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NAGRA-D
Operating
Manual
Version 2.00
NAGRA-D REGISTRATION FORM
Please carefully fill in this
page
(IN
CAPITAL LETTERS)
and
return it to us upon receipt
of
your
NAGRA-D. We will then
be
able to send
you
upgrade pages for your manual, as well
as
inform you
of
future developments in software.
Please return this page to: Kudelski SA
Route de Geneve, 22
1033 CHESEAUX
SWITZERLAND
ATTN: Support Technique
NAGRA-D Serial Number
Purchase date
Your Name I dept.
Company name
Street Name I N°
Town I City
Zip I Postal code
Country
NAGRA DIGITAL
Chapter
1 Introduction
Chapter
2 Location
of
Keys I Connectors I Functions
Chapter
3 Operationl settings
of
the NAGRA-D
Chapter
4 Synchronization
Chapter
5 External Control
Chapter
6 Specifications
APPENDIX A Application aid sheets
Kudelski
SA,
Route de Geneve 22, 1033 Cheseaux, Switzerland.
TEL: +
41
.21.732.
01
.
01
FAX:
+ 41.21 .732.01.00
GUARANTEE
NAGRAIKUDELSKI certifies that this instrument was thoroughly inspected and tested prior to leaving
our factory and is in accordance with the data given in the accompanying test sheet.
We guarantee the products
of
our
own
manufacture against any defect arising from faulty
manufacture for a period
of
one
year from
the
date
of
delivery.
This guarantee covers the repair
of
confirmed defects
or,
if
necessary, the replacement of the faulty
parts, excluding all other indemnities.
All freight costs,
as
well as customs duty
and
other possible charges, are at the customer's expense.
Our guarantee remains valid in the event
of
emergency repairs or modification being made
by
the
user. However
we
reserve the right
to
invoice the customer for any damage caused
by
an
unqualified person or a false manoeuvre
by
the operator.
We decline any responsibility for any and all damages resulting, directly or indirectly, from the use of
our products.
Other products sold by KUDELSKI S.A. are covered
by
the guarantee clauses of their respective
manufacturers.
We decline any responsibility for damages resulting from the use
of
these products.
We reserve the right to modify the product,
and
lor
the specifications without notice.
Chapter 1
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
Introduction
Using this manual
General Description
Important notes
Electrostatic discharge
Tape care/handling
Output connection
Head cleaning
The "footprint"
Longitudinal tracks
Time code
Control track
Cue track
Helical tracks
Tape speed
Putting the machine
in
the 7" reel mode
Powering the NAGRA-D
External powering using the ND-AP
External powering using the ND-EPC
Chapter 1
INTRODUCTION
USING THIS
MANUAL
This instruction manual is designed to enable the operator to understand, and use the NAGRA-D.
The basic principles
of
audio recording or digital technology are not covered, except where the
concept within the
NAGRA-D
is different from that normally app'lied. The manual is broken down into
chapters covering different aspects of the machine. At the end
of
the manual there is a
comprehensive index, which should guide the operator to the correct page quickly. The pages are
numbered from 1 to N for each chapter.
If
in
the future there is a page to be added in the middle
of
a
chapter, then the new page to
be
added will have a page number followed by a decimal point and
then
1,
2 or 3 etc. For example
if
a page is to
be
added between pages 5 and 6
of
a particular
chapter then the new page will be numbered 5.1. This manual covering Version 2.X software for the
NAGRA-D replaces all previous editions.
GENERAL
DESCRIPTION
The concept
of
the NAGRA-D was to build a truly professional machine based
on
a
format
that is
reliable and lends itself well to archiving. The arguments regarding the format, choice
of
tape etc. are
not covered here.
The NAGRA-D is a
four
channel digital audio recorder having 24 bits per sample recording
on
6.35mm metal oxide tape. It accommodates the sampling frequencies
of
32 kHz, 44.1 kHz and 48
kHz (with the on-board AID converters) rendering it suitable for all types
of
professional recording
applications. The NAGRA-D is transparent to the AES bus giving connection possibilities to a wide
range
of
external digital equipment, which even give it the possibility
of
recording at sampling
106
frequencies
of
64, 88.2 and 96 kHz. The format of the NAGRA-D records 4.608 x bits per
second, meaning that on a 5" reel
of
tape contains 16.03 x 109 bits (16 giga bits)
of
data. The
combination
of
selected tape speed and number of channels to be recorded gives tape durations to
satisfy all applications.
TAPE
DURATIONS
48
kHz
44.1
kHz
32
kHz
5" reel 4 channel mode 1 hr. 1
hr.
05 mins. 1 hr 30 mins.
2 channel mode 2 hrs. 2 hrs. 10 mins. 3 hrs.
7" reel 4 channel mode 2 hrs. 2 hrs. 10 mins. 3 hrs.
2 channel mode 4 hrs. 4 hrs. 20 mins. 6 hrs.
Apart from the two AES digital inputs, four analog inputs are available for either line
or
microphone
input sources.
When
in microphone operation each of the four inputs is switchable between Dynamic,
"T" powering,
+12V
phantom and +48V phantom. The Signal levels are adjusted using the input
sensitivity potentiometers, and the levels are indicated
on
the four microprocessor controlled meters.
The four head scanner
(2
for recording and 2 for playback) allows read after write (off tape
monitoring) which can be heard through the two, level adjustable, headphone outputs.
The three longitudinal tracks (Control, CUE
and
Time Code) give flexibility
of
operation and
additional features
never
before seen
in
a professional recorder.
Microprocessor control
of
the entire machine gives almost limitless possibilities, not only as far as the
digital recording is concerned, but also for external control, fault diagnosis, tape directory
management etc., from a PC equipped with the NADCOM software (KSA # 10514)
Chapter 1
This has been a brief outline of the machine, all the
pOints
mentioned here will be covered in more
detail later.
NOTE: The NAGRA-O has few user selections I switches inside (except the type of CUE microphone
to be used -factory selection is for the NO-CM and one bank
of
OIL switches
on
the direct
amplifier, the use
of
which is covered under the relevant chapter). All other mode selections
etc. are made via
an
external
PC
or
by
the MENU mode.
Chapter 1 2
IMPORTANT NOTES
ELECTROSTATIC DISCHARGE
The NAGRA-D's electronic circuits
are
all SMD devices using CMOS and MECL technology, which
renders them very susceptible to electrostatic discharge. These circuits are fully protected while
installed
in
the machine, however
if
any of the circuits are to
be
disconnected and removed from the
machine then the operator must at all times
be
connected to ground via a wrist bracelet and the
circuits must only
be
placed
on
a conductive mat also connected to ground.
If
circuits are to
be
transported for any reason then they must
be
kept
in
anti-static plastic bags at all times. All the
circuits are printed with the international sign indicating the danger. Eproms can also
be
damaged
if
frequently handled therefore
we
suggest this earthing procedure whenever work is to be carried out
on
the NAGRA-D.
TAPE
CAREl
HANDLING
Although scissors editing is technically possible
on
the NAGRA-D, it is not recommended to touch the
tape unless absolutely necessary. Cotton gloves are recommended for this, in order to prevent
moisture (finger prints) from the skin affecting the tape or clogging
of
the heads.
When certain tapes are rewound, the air trapped between the windings during rewinding can cause
the tape to wind unevenly
on
the reel, meaning that the edges
of
the tape stand proud.
If
the plastic
reel
is
then handled, there is a risk of physically damaging the edges of the tape. On the lower edge
of the tape in the format
of
the NAGRA-D are the time code
and
Control track (see FORMAT) which
will cause problems for playing back the tape
if
the edges of the tape are damaged. Normal winding
speed
in
each direction is 4
mls
however slower winding
can
be
selected in the MENU mode
(1,
2,
3,
4 m/s).
ANALOG OUTPUT CONNECTIONS (TO A MIXER)
The NAGRA-D does not have transformers
on
its analog audio outputs. This means that
if
the
outputs are to
be
connected to the inputs
of
a mixing console
(so
that the four channels can
be
mixed
down
to
two) then
be
sure that the inputs to the mixer are set to the LINE position before the
connection to the NAGRA-D
is
made. If they are set to the Phantom +48V position then the output
OP-Amps
of
the NAGRA-D will almost certainly
be
damaged.
Chapter 1 3
HEAD
CLEANING
The NAGRA-D, like any tape recorder requires that the user cleans the heads and other parts
of
the
tape transport periodically. The frequency
of
this depends on
many
factors, such as the operating
environment, the tape type, mechanical alignment of the machine's transport etc. as with any
recorder. It is therefore difficult to give a specific
time
frame. As a guide, we suggest that the heads
are cleaned once per day
if
the machine is being heavily used.
However
if
the cloth does not appear
to be dirty
after
cleaning, and no apparent problems have occurred then more time can be left before
cleaning.
If
however
the scanner etc. has been touched, and there are finger marks
on
it then the
heads need to be cleaned immediately. Increasing error count in the ECC display gives
an
indication
that the heads need to be cleaned.
Procedure
To
clean the heads etc. firstly remove the tape and carefully clean the entry and exit guides
of
the
scanner along with the longitudinal erase head and the longitudinal cue I control I TC head, using a
soft cloth which
has
been dipped in alcohol (preferably
MYTHYL
alcohol but ISOPROPYL can also
be used). Make sure that the ramp
of
the scanner is also perfectly clean as any deposit on this ramp
will cause
the
tape path to be altered which can affect both recording and playback.
Once this has been done the rotary heads in the scanner can be cleaned. There are two
different
methods
for
doing this. The first is to hold the Alcohol soaked cloth against the surface
of
the
scanner
using,your thumb, then gently rotating the scanner with the other hand while
keeping
the
cloth
still.
The other
is
to lace a tape, put the machine in
STOP,
press
RDY
and then gently press
the
alcohol
soaked cloth against the rotating scanner
NEVER MOVE VERTICALLY
UP
AND DOWN ON THE SCANNER AS THIS
CAN BREAK THE HEADS. ALWAYS CLEAN THE SCANNER
IN
A
HORIZONTAL MANNER.
NEVER USE Q-TIPS OR OTHER COTTON BUDS AS THEY WILL LEAVE
HAI
RS
ON
!THE HEADS OF THE SCANNER.
Chapter 1 4
THE
"FOOTPRINT"
-
........
----
DI
REtTI
III
IF
TAPE
TRAVEL
Ill:
TRACK
I------------------------
------
----------~--.---~
F G H W
REFEREHCE
EDGE
OXIDE
SIDE
I
ABC
DEY
Diagram
of
the track layout
on
the tape.
The NAGRA-D records information
on
the tape not only using the rotary heads in the scanner but
also using longitudinal heads. The "footprint" above shows the positioning
of
these various tracks
on
the tape.-(diagram is not to scale).
A.
Time code track lower edge Reference edge
B. Time code track upper edge 0.300
C. Control track lower edge 0.500
D.
Control track upper edge 0.800
E. Digital data area lower edge (Ref. point) 0.900
F.
Digital data area width 4.650
G. Cue track lower edge 5.700
H. Cue track upper edge 6.200
I.
Helical track width 0.07
J. Helical track pitch 80.70
~m
N.
Helical track data length 44.20
cp.
Track angle 5.835°
W. Overall tape width 6.250
(±
0.05)
Y.
Beginning of data 0.971
All measurements are in
mm
(unless otherwise specified) taken from the reference edge
of
the tape.
Chapter 1 5