Nikon Labophot-pol User manual

CAUTIONS

oAvoid sharp knocks!

~

Str

a

in

-free glasses

Handle

th

e

mi

croscope gently,

taking

care

to avoid sharp knocks.

f)Wh

en carryi

ng

the

microscope

When carry ing

th

e

micro

scop

e,

hold its

arm

with

one

ha

n

d,

s

uppo

rting

t

he

bo

tt

om

of

the microscope bJse with the u

th

er.

The

in

s

tr

ument weighs

about

8 kg,

8 Place for using

Avoid

the use

of

the m

icr

uscope in a dusty

pl

ace, where it

IS

subject

to

~

brat

i

ons

or

exposed to high t

emper

atur

es,

rY1

0

lstu

re

or

dire

ct s

un

light.

o Power source voltage

-For

European

di

s

trict

s

onl

y-

Make s

ure

of

the

po

wer sour

ce

voltage,

nov

or

240V

, bY mea

ns

of

the i

nput

v

olt

age

change-over

switch

wh ich is

on

the

bottom

of

the microscope b

as

e.

o Exchanging

the

lamp bulb and fuse

Befor

e replacing

,he

lamp

bulb

(6V-20WI

or

fu

se,

turn

OF

F the power

S'VIIit

ch and

disconnect

the pl

ug

of

the

power

source

cord.

In

such cases as

of

replacement, do not

touch

the lamp

bulb

w

ith

bare hands, im-

mediately

after

putti

ng o

ut

the lamp.

oDirt on

the

lens

Do n

ot

le

ave

dust ,

dirt

or

finger mar

ks

on

th

e lens surfaces.

They

will

prevent

yo

u

from

clcar obser

va-

tion

of the

spe

cimen im

age

.

The o

pti

c

al

eleme

nt

s

of

thi

s microscope

being cons

tru

cted of stra

in

-free

glass

e

~,

la

ke

particula

r

caution

in

handling

the

objectives and condenser len

ses

not

tu

cause strain to them.

«;)

Focus

knobs

Never

attempt

to

adjust

th

e l ightn

ess

of

the ri

ght

- and

le

tt

ha

nd

focus

kn

obs by

tu

rning the one,

while

holding

the other in

this mod

el

mi

c

ro

scope, bec

au

se

of

ca

using

disorder.

CARE AND MAINTENANCE

oCleaning

the

lenses

To

clean the lens surfaces, remove dust

using a soft brush or gauze.

Only

for

removing finger marks

or

grease, should

soft

cotton

cloth,

le

ns

tissue or gauze

lightly

moistened

with

absolute alcohol

(metha

no

l

or

ethanol) be u

se

d.

For

cleaning the objectives and immersion

oil

use

only

xylene.

Obser

ve

su

ff

icie

nt

caution in handling

alcohol and

xylene

.

f)

Cleaning

the

painted surfaces

Avoid

the

use

of

any organic solvent

(for

example, thinner, ether, al

cohol,

xylene

etc.)

fo

r cleaning the painted surfaces and

plastic

parts

of

the

instrument.

@)Never

attempt

to

dismantle!

Never

attempt

to

dismantle

the

instrument

so

as

to avoid the

possibility

of

impairing

the

op

era

tional

efficiency

and accuracy.

O 'When

not

in

use

When not in

use

,

co

ver the instr

ument

with

the accessory

viny

l cover, and store

it

in a

placeJree

from

moisture and fungus.,

It

is

especially recommended

that

the

objectives and eyepi

eces

be

kept

in

an

airtight

container cont

ai

ni

ng

desiccant.

oPeriodical checking'

To maintain the performance

of

the instru-

ment,

we recommend to check the ins

tru

-

ments periodically.

(For

details of

thi

s

check, contact

our

ag

ency

.)

CONTENTS

I.

NOMENCLATURE

II.

ASSEMBLY

III.

PREPARATION

1.

Interpupillary

Distance

Adju

s

tment.

2.

Diopter

Adjustment.

3. Optical Path Change-over in the

Trinocular

Eyepiece

Tube

"TP"

.

4. Centering the Objectives

5. Centering the Condenser Lens.

6.

Orientation

of

the Dia-polarizer

IV.

MICROSCOPY

..

1. Operating Procedure .

2,

Manipulation

of

Each E

le

ment .

1)

Focusi

ng

2)

Co

ndenser aperture diaphragm

3) Field diaphragm.

4) Circular graduated stage

5)

Objectives

6)

Eyepieces

..

7)

Ac

hro

mat strain-free condenser

8) Be

rtrand

lens

9) 1

/4

A&

tint

plate

10) Dia-polarizer and analyzer

...

11)

Filters.

1

2)

Illumination

system

V.

PHOTOMICROGRAPHY.

VI.

ACCESSORIES.

1.

5enarmont

Compensator .

2.

Quartz

Wedge

3.

Monocular

Eyepiece

Tu

be

"AP"

.

4. Universal

epi-illuminat

or .

5.

Attachable

Mechanic

al

Stage

Type

"E".

4f)

VII.

TROUBLE

SHOOTING

TABLE

..

W

REFERENCE

.

@)

ELECTRIC

SPECIFICATIONS

.

@)

(j)

o

~

Ql

@

\I)

~

4l;)

4ll

I.

NOMENCLATURE

Binocular eyepiece tube

"BP"

Interpupillary distance

scale

Eyepiece

tube

clamp

screw

-

---,

Diopter

ring

Centering nosepiece

-

---

~

CF

Achro~m;a~t~P

~

o~~~~

_

__

(strain~free

)

Circular stage

Circular

graduated

stage

clamp screw

Vernier

Achromat

strain-

fr

ee

con

denser

CF

Bertrand

lens I

Analyzer

in

/

out

knob

Intermediat

e

tube

clamp screw

Coarse k

nob

Fine focus

knob

Orient

a

tion

plate

Filter

rec

eptacle

Fig. 1

Analvzer

rota

tI

on

ring

In

te

rm

ediate t

ube

"P"

Analyzer

clamp

screw

Co

mpensator

slot

1/4 " &

tint

Condenser

focus

knob

Nosepi

ece

cen

tering

screw

clip

Torque

adjustment

ring

Lamp

so

cke

t

Field

diaphragm

control

ring

V-POL stand

~

rotation

clamp

screw

Condenser

centering

screw

Condenser

aperture

control

ring

Condenser

clam

p sere

.,."

Field lens

Brightness

control

dial

(including

power

switch)

Fig. 2

o

II.

ASSEMBLY

• To assemble

the

microscope, follow

the

procedure

in

the

order

given:

Bottom

of

the

Base

CF

eyepiece

~

~'=-n-se

~'~t

~t:':h-e-e':'y-

e

-

ie-c-e-C=-=

FWCC-

""-=O

-

p

"'

X

-C::-M"""--

~

.....

®

into

t

he

right-hand slee

ve.

fitting

.......

sta

the

of

the

eyepiece

in

the

right-h

and

notch of

the

sleeve.

Int

o

the

left

-hand

sleeve, insert

IheCFW

l

Ox

.

1111

I:

G

I •

.-.

~~

®

~1

~/4

~

A

~&~t_in.:.t.:.p

.:.

l~at

~

e

____

~

____

~

Remove

the

screw

by

the

side of

the

1/4

A

pl

at

e of

the

1/4

A &

tint

plate

and

insert it

into

t

he

co

m-

pensat

or

slot

of

the

in

t

ermediate

tube

"P",

facing

the

posit

ion

ing

Input

voltage c

han

ge-over gro

ov

e to

ward

the

operator

side.

switch

Reatwch

the

r

emov

ed scr

ew.

(For

European districts only)

sure

power

source

~

C

~

~ ~

a

t~p

~

__________

__

~

F

A.:.c

h~r~o.:.m

~

~O

~b~je

=-C~t

~iv~e

__________

~

vol(age,

220

V

or

24

0V.

by

means

®

----

-

of

the

input

vU

l

wge

change-ov

er

Mount

the

objectives

on

the

nose-

sw

itch

on

the

botto

rn

of

the

piece in such posi

tions

that

th

eir

ro'icroscopp. bnse.

mvgnifying

powe

r increases

as

the

nosepiece

is

revo

lved

clockwise.

@

Bottom

of

the

Bas8 I

-=S

:.cp

-=-:::

~

n

:::

~

_ _

~-

ec

i

m:::e

~

c

li::.p

_

__

_

~

Place

the

clip

on

the

stage using

ho

le

s

on

the

swg

c surfClce. !

Stage clamp scl'ew

---

--I1JIl

~

1i~;i~i;~

~~~

,~m~~~t~;;e~,~t~t~h;e~St

~

'

~g~e

~o~n

-

-1

the

circu

l

ar

dovetail of t

he

sub-

stClg

e.

Clamp

the

sc

rew.

microscope.

mnn

ip

ulJte

th

,,,

,rl;

l

"t-

jng screw

at

on~

foot

on

the

botto

m o f

the

mic

roscope

base.

@2

A

chromat

condense,

nsen 10

con

-

denscr facing

Ihe

ape

rtu

re

num

ber

plate

towar

d the

operator.

Fasten the

clamp

scr

ew

on

the l

eft

side

of

th

e

carrier.

Aperture

nu

mber

pl;''',_ _

____

J

-=

Dia

-p

,-,

I

a::.

r

-,--

r

--

-

taJ

----

-=-

:c

,---o

iz--,-e

;..

--.,.------

-

-Gm

fl'2'3

~

After

centering

th

e

ob

jec-

ti

ves

a

nd

condenser,

insert

the

dia-polar

i7..

er

inlO t

he

bottom

of

the

condenser.

(J)

Eyepiece

tube

Attach

the

eyepiece

[Ube

on

th

e

intermediate

lUbe "

p"

.

fitting

the

notch

of

the

circular

dovetai

l on

the

end

of

the

clamp

screw

.

Fa

sten

the

cl

amp

screw.

Eyepiece

tube

clamp

screw

®Intermediate

tube

"

P"

1

Atlach

the

int

er

mediat

e

tube

"P"

un

th

e

arm

of the

V-POL

stand,

fi

lling

the

notch

of

th

e c

ir

cu

lar

d

ove

tail

on

the e

nd

at

[he

clamp screw. Fasten the

clamp

screw.

ntermediate

tube

clamp screw

Power source

Halogen lamp

bulb

(6V-20W)

In

se

rt

the

lamp

bulb

with

its

pins

int

o

the

accePting

holes in

the

socket.

No

te:

Don't

touch

the

bu

lb

sur-

fa

ce

direct

ly

with

the

fin-

ger.

®Lamp

socket

-Insert

socket

into

the

recep-

tacle on

the

rear

of

the

baSE!.

@l

L

-.:...:

lte

'-

__

_ _

Fi

':O::

r

Place

the

filler

on

the field

t

ens.

q,

..

45

Fig. 3

III.

PREPARATION

1. Interpupillary Distance

Ad

ju

st

ment

Place a spec

im

en

on

the stage, and f

oc

us on the

specimen,

As shown in Fig. 4, adjust the interpupillary

distance, so that both the right and left v

ie

w-

fieldsbecome on

e,

Fig. 4

2. Diopter Ad

just

ment

Rotate the diopter ring on the eyepiece CFW

l OX e M until the cro

ss

lines are seen clea

r.

(Fig 5)

Diopter

rin

g

--.

\

Fig. 5

(For

binocular ob

se

rvation)

1) Mo

unt

the

spe

cimen on the st

age

. Swing

the objec

ti

ve l OX

int

o p

os

iti

on,

an

d bring

the

sp

ec

imen

im

age

int

o f

oc

us l

oo

king

into

the right-hand eyepiece.

2)

Without

manipulating

the

co

arse-and-fine

focus

kn

ob,

turn

the

di

o

pt

er rtng on the

left

-ha

nd

eye

pi

e

ce

to

focus on the speci·

men.

3. Optical Path Change-over

in

the

Trinocular Eyepiece Tube

''TP''

(Fig. 6)

Ve

rt

ical

photo

1

t

ub

e:

86

%

Ob

s

ervation

Observati

on

~~

~Jl

~

tu

be

:

100

% tube :

14

%

-

OPti

c

al

p

<lIh

-

c

hang

e-o

ver

knob

Fig

.6

,

I{

Since Ihe CF eyepieces

ar

e

of

high eye·

po

int

type. it

is

not n

eC

e

55ar

y for the

use

r

putti

ng

on h

is

specta

cl

es to

re

move

th

em.

Only fold do

wn

the eyeguard rubber.

(Fig 8)

Fig. 7 Fig. 8

4. Ce

nte

ri

ll9

th

e Objectives

1) Place the specimen on the st

age

,

an

d rocus

on the specirnen. Bring

all

ap

pro

pri

ate tar-

get 10 the ce

nt

er of the

cro

ss

lin

es

in the

eyepiec

e,

2)

Insert the cenlering

too

ls in the cente

ri

ng

sc

rewson the n

OS

l;!p

i

ec

e. (Fig. 9)

Ce

n te

rin

g

screw

3)

Rotate

the

stage abo

ut

180

0, and the target

is

displaced fr

om

the center

of

the cross

line

s.

Move

the

obj

ective using the cente

r-

i

ng

tools

so

that

the center of the cross

lin

es

com

es

to one half pos

ition

of

the

displace

ment

of

the target. IF 1

9.

10)

~

"

Rotate

=4

180·

.-+--

-

-t

-

~~

A

hal'

Target--.

------

posItIon

of

the

displacemen

t

Fig.

10

• Repeat the

ab

ove procedure

two

or

three

times, and the rotati

on

ce

nter

of

the s

ta

ge

coinci

des

with

thl;! cross lines center.

• Carry

out

ce

ntering

for

eac:h

objective.

15.

Ce

ntaring

the

Condenser Lens

1) Close the field diaphragm

in

the

micro

-

scope

bas

e

to

its smallest site

by

mea

ns

of

the field diaphragm

control

ring. Rotate

the condenser focus knob to move the

cond

ense

r vertically so t

ha

t a sharp i

mage

of

the field diaphragm is for

rned

on t

he

specimen surface.

2) Bring the field d

ia

phragm image to the

center of the field

of

view

by

mea

ns

of

the condenser cen teri

ng

screws.

(Fig

11

-l

fl )

3)

Ctlange over to the objective

40x,

cmd

adjust the field di"phragm

so

that the

im

age

of

the

di

aphragm is about the

same

as

the

eyepie

ce

viewf

ield stop,

as

shown in

Fig.

11

-~

.

If

n

ot

centered,

use

the con-

denser centering

sc

rews

again.

Image

of

field

,

diaphragm

[

~

LEyepiece

----

I:l

l

Eyepiece

viewfield

StOP

viewfield

stOP

Fig. 11

6.

1)

2)

3)

Orientation

of

the Dia-polarizer

Plac t

he

specimen on the

stage

, focus on

the specim

en

using objective 40 X.

Set the

ana

lyzer

sca

le on the

int

ermediate

tub

e " P" to O.

Insert the dia-po

la

rizer

int

o the

bott

om

of

the conden

se

r

as

shown in Fig. 12.

Oia-polarizer-

Fig.

12

4) Remove the eyepiece from the sleeve.

Observing the e

xit

pupil

of obj

ec

tive

ins

ide,

rotate

the dia-polarizm

so

as

to

form

a dark cross image on the exit

pupil

as

shown in Fig. 13.

Dark

cross image

Fig.13

IV.

MICROSCOPY

r1. Operating Procedure •

1)

Turn

the

brightness

control

dial

(including

power

switch) to

light

the

lamp.

2)

Bring

the

analyzer and

the

Bertrand lens

out

of

the

optical

path. (Refer

to

P. 13 & 14)

3) Place

the

specimen on the

stage

and swing

the

10X

objective

into

position. Focus on specimen.

4)

Adjust

the

interpupillary

distance and

diopter.

(Refer

to

P.

8)

5)

Place

the

filter

on

the

field lens.

6) Carry

out

the centering procedure

for

the

objective. (Refer

to

P.

8)

7)

Carry

out

the centering procedure

for

the con-

denser. (Refer

to

P.

9)

8)

Bring

the

analyzer

into

the

optical

path.

9) Swing in

the

objective

to

be

used

and refocus on

specimen.

1'0) Brightness

voltage. IS adjusted

by

changing the lamp

Table 1

Ortho

sco

pic

microscopy Conoscopic

microscopy

Top lens

o~

lO

X

or

higher

IN

co

ndenser

4 X

or

lower

OUT

Bert

r

and

le

ns

OUT

IN

Aperture

diaphragm

lOX

or

higher

70

%

--

80%

of

the

numerical aperture

of

the

objective

Circumscribed

the circumfer·

enee

of

the

conoscopic

field

of

view

(or fully

opened)

4x or

lower

Fully

opened

Field

diaphragm

lO X

or

high

er

Circumscribed

the

circumference

of

the eyepiece field

of view

Circumscribed

the circumfer·

enee of

th

e

orthoscopic

field of

vi

ew4 x or

lower Fully

opened

2. Manipula

tion

of Ea

ch

Element

1)

Focusing

•

The

rel

ation

between

t he

direction

of

rota·

tion

of

the

focus knobs and that

of

vertical

move

f

nent

of

the

stage is as indi

cated

in

Fig. 14.

Torque

adjustment

ring

Fine

focus

knob,

--

--+l~

= •

Fig.14

• One

rotation

of

the

fine

focus

knob

moves

th

~

stage

0.2mm.

The

graduati

on

th

is

fo

cus

knob

is

divided i

nto

2,um.

One

rotation

of

the

coarse focus

knob

moves

the

stage

4.7mm.

•

The

range

of

coarse and

fine

mot

ion

is

within

30mm:

2m

m

up

and 28mm

down

from

the

standard postion.

Tension of the coarse focus

knob

tightens

by

turning

the

torq

ue

adjustment

ring

counterclockwise.

Never

turn

the

right

or

left

knob

wh

ile

holding

the

other.

2)

Condenser

aperture

diaphragm

(A

dia-

phragm)

(1)

Orthoscopic

microscopy

•

The

condenser aperture diaphragm

is

,p

rovided

for

adjusting the numerical

aperture

(N.A.)

of

the

illuminating

system

of

microscope.

In general, when

it

is

stopped

down

to

70

'""-'

80%

of

the

n~~-;P;;t

-

~

re

of

the

objective,

a good image

of

appropriate

contrast

will

be

obtained

(Fi

g.

15)

-

Exit

pupil

of

objective

Aperture

diaphragm

Size

of

the

condenser

aperture

diaphragm

Fig.15

• Remove

the

eyepiece

from

the

eyepiece

tube,

adjust

the

Si78

of

the

diaphragm,

observing the image

of

the

diaphragm

which

is

visible

on

the

bright

circle

of

exit

pupil

of

objective

inside.

• When swinging

out

the

top

lens

of

the

con-

denser

(for

rnicroscopy

using

4X

or

lower

objective),

fully

open the condenser

aperture

diaphragm.

(2)

Conoscopic

microscopy

• In conoscopic

microscopy,

the condenser

aperture diaphragm

works

as

a

field

dia-

phragm on

the

conoscopic

image surface.

Stop

down

the

diaphragm

to

such an

extent

that

it

circumscribes the

circumfer-

ence

of

the

field

of

view

of

the

conoscopic

image

(exit

pupil

of

objective)

to

shut

out

the

stray

light.

3) Field diaphragm (F diaphragm)

•

The

field

diaphragm

is

used

for

determin-

ing

the

illuminated

area on

the

specimen

surface in

relation

to

the

field

of

view

of

the microscope.

Generally,

it

is

stopped

90wn

to

such an

extent

that

the

circum-

ference

of

the

illuminated

area

circum-

scribes

that

of

the

eyepiece

field

of

view.

[Note]

This diaphragm does

not

work

as

the

field

diaphragm

when

the

condenser

top

lens

is

swung

out

of

the

optical

path. In

this

case

the

diaphragm

is

recom mended

to

be

fully

opened because the

numerical

aperture

of

the

illumi-

nator

will

be

cut

off

when this

diaphragm

is

excessively stopped

down.

4)

Circular graduated sta

ge

• The

rot

ation angle of

th

e s

tage

is

readable

with

the accuracy

of

0.10 via avernier

sca

le.

• The

stage

can

be

clamped

at

any posi

tion

using

the

stage

rotation

clamp

sc

rew on

th

e vernier.

5) Objectives

• The

CF

Ac

hr

omat P objectives

(S

train-free)

and CF eyepiec

es

adopted in the

Nikon

POLARIZING

MICROSCOPE

LABO·

PHOT·

POL

are

des

igned

on

the

bas

is

of

a

concept

"C

hromatic

Abe

rration Free

".

In every c

ase

use

the CF

obj

ecti

ves

in com-

binat

ion

with

the CF eyepieces.

(1) Oil immersion objectives (Oil)

• Objecti

ve

CF Ac

hr

omat P lOOX (Oil),

an

oil-immersion type, is

to

be immers

ed

in

oil

between the speci

me

n and

front

of

the

objective.

To

see

if

air bubbles

are

present in the im-

mersion

oil,

which deteriorate the image

quality,

pullout

the eyep

ie

ce

from

the

eyepie

ce

tub

e

to

examine the objective exit

pupil

inside the tube.

To

remove air bub-

ble

s,

re

volve the nosepiece sl

ightly

to

and

fro

sev

eral times, apply additional

oil,

or

rep

la

ce

the

oil.

Be

careful

not

to

rotat

e the

nosepiece

too

far

as

to

soil the ends

of

the

other

obj

ecti

ves

with

oil

.

•

To

clean

off

the

oil,

pass

le

ns tissue

or

so

ft

cloth

moistened

wi

th

xyle

ne li

ghtly

two

or

three

tim

es

over the l

ens.

It

is

ess

ent

i

al

at

this

time

to

av

oid touching the lens

with

the part

of

tissue or cloth

onc

e used.

(2)

Coverglass

• With the objectiv

es

engr

ave

d

"160/0.17",

u

se

a

cOlJerglass

of

O.1

7

mm

in thickness.

•

Th

e indication

--;;-

1

60/-"

on the objective

means

that

no matter whether a covergl

ass

is

used

or

not,

no decrease

of

i

mage

defini-

tion

or

of

contrast

will

result.

5} Eyepieces

•

To

take

full

advantage

of

the

CF

eyepieces,

use

them in

combination

with

the CF

objectives,

• By inserting the eyepiece

with

cross lines

and graduation (CFW 10XCM)

into

the

eyepiece s

le

eve

fitting

the

protractor

into

the rig

ht

-hand

si

de

groove

of

the

sl

ee

ve

, the O·direc

tion

of

the analyzer and

dia-polarizer are aligned

with

the

cro

ss

lin

es

dir

ection.

If

the protractor pin

is

fitted

to

the upper

right

sid

e groove

of

the sleev

e,

the c

ross

lines

will

be align

ed

with

the diagonal posi-

tion

of

the polari'talton.

• CF PL Projecti

on

len

ses

are exclusively

design

ed

for

photomicrography.

Do

not

use

them

for

obse

rva

tion.

• F

or

fo

cusing

with

the observation

tube

of

the

trinocular

eyepie

ce

tube for

photo

-

microg

ra

phy

,

use

the eyepie

ce

incorporat

·

ing the

photo

mask.

7)

Achromat

strain-free condenser

• The

top

lens

of

the condenser

is

to

be

placed in the OPtical path

for

the

ortho-

scopic and conoscopic microscopy

provid-

ed

that

it

is

to

be

swung

out

when

an

objective

of

4X

or

l

ow

er

magnification

IS

in

use

.

iNo

te]

Fo

r the

orthoscopic

m

ic

rosc

opy

, a

lo

wer

numen

c

~1

aperture

illumlna

~

tion w

ith

the top

lens

swung

out

conden

ser

was used to

be

recom-

mende

d,

however, this method is

not

eff

ective especially

for

high

magnification observation because

of

the lowered resolution. Hence,

for

the

latt

er

case,

use

of

the

top

lens may rather

be

r

ec

ommend-

able except the retar

dation

mea-

surem

ent

or

th

e interference color

observatIon

for

which

it

is

neces-

sary

to

make the

illu

m

ination

light

flux

as

parallel

as

poss

ible

to

the o

pti

cal

axis

by

swinging

out

the

top

lens or stopping

down

the

aperture diaphragm.

•

Thi

ckness

of

the gl

ass

sli

de

mu

st be 1.

7mm

or

l

ess,

otherwise,

the

field diaphragm

might

fail to foc

us

its image

on

th

e speci-

men.

8)

Bertrand

len.

(w

ith

the

t

nn

ocular eyepier.e tube " TP"

or

the bin

oc

ular eyepiece

tub

e

"BpI'

in

use)

• Bring the Bertrand lens

in

tO

the

opt

i

ca

l

path

by

turning

the

Bertr

E

Jnd

lens ring

le

ftwar

d

to

observe

th

e conoscopic image.

(F ig 16)

Be

rtr

and lens

flip-in

/o

ut

ring

Fig.

16

• The conoscopic

view

fie

ld

is

as

large

as

about

1/4

of

the

orthoscopic

view

fi

eld.

(Fig. 17)

/"

Conoscopic image

of

th

is

area can

be

/'"

observed

(

"-

~

r--

Ort

hoscopIc vl

ewf

leld

../

Pin hole eyepiece

Fig.

18

In

th

e above simu

lt

aneuus observatIon

of

th

e

co

noscopic and o

rth

oscopic imag

es,

the

f

orme

r image

ma

y appear deviated

from

th

e

orthoscopic

view

fie

ld

cen

te

r,

however, the deviated image

re

pre

sen

ts

the conoscopic

light

fl

ux

that

cevers the

centr

al

p

art

of

the

orthos

copic

view field

to

the

extent

of

about

1/18.

9) 1/4 X &

tint

plate

• Removing

the

1/4 A plate side sc

rew

, ho

ld

the 1

/4

X &

tint

pl

ate.

the click·stop

groove

fa

cing the ope

rator

an

d insert

it

forward

into

t

he

co

mp

ensator s

lot.

Th

en

sc

rew-

in

the above

sc

r

ew

as

it was.

(F ig. 19)

Fig.

17

• The conoscepic image may also be observ-

ed overlapping

on

the

orthosco

pic image

through

the

binocular

obs

ervation,

one of

th

e paired eyepieces being reploccd

wi

th

the

accesso

ry

hole eyepiece and

with-

out

the

Be

rtrand

lens In

th~

uPtical path.

(F ig

18)

1/4

i\

plate

t/

4X&

tint

pla

te

,

Fig

. 19

•

Th

e t

int

plat

e h

as

an em

pt

y ho

le

at

the

ce

nt

er. By pushing

it

th

rou

gh

th

e slOt, the

se

n

si

tive

ti

nt

p

la

te

(530nm)

is

brought

int

o

th

e

optic

al

path

and

by

pulling

it

out

the

1/4 X plate

is

brought into

the

optica

l

path.

10) Dia-polarizer and analyzer

• When the

both

are

se

t

at

Q reading

on

the

protrac

tor

sca

le, position

of

the polariza-

tion planc coincides

with

the

orientatio

n

p

la

te (X-direction f

or

polarizer, V-dir

ec

tion

for

analyzer) on the microsco

pe

base.

(Fig 20)

[Note]

Some of the reference books

or

spe

cial works abo

ut

polarizing

microsco

pe

available in the

m~rket

explain that X-direction

is

for

analyzer and Y-di

re

c

tion

for

polar;7er.

-....:;-

ip

~~

-

~

Orientation

plate

(~~

-

/1

~

Fig.

20

• As the orientation

of

the dia

-p

olarizer

slightly cha

ng

p.s

when centering the co

n-

denser, check the

orientation

after

ce

nt

er-

ing

the

condenser.

•

Th

e analyzer

rot

ates 1800 via the rotation

ring the left-hand side clamp being rele

as-

ed.

T

he

rotation

angle

is

readable

with

accuracy

of

0.1

Q via the vernier.

An

alyzer

clamp

Anal

yzer

rotation

ring

in/out

knob

Fig.

21

11) Filters

•

Pla

ce

the

filter

on

th

e field lens.

Table 2

Type

01

f

il

ter

Use

B

(Day

light)

F

or

general

mi

cro

scopy

GIF

For

retardation

measure-

(G

ree

n interference) ment

12) Illumination

system

• The oPtical

sys

tem for

Illumination

in

the

LAB

OPHOT·

PO

L microscope

is

construct·

ed

to

fulf

ill

th

e Koe

hl

er

illumination

requirements pe

rf

ectl

y,

and

off

ers

a

br

ight,

unifor

m f

ie

ld w

ith

out any change-over

manip

ulation.

• Halogen

la

fllp

6V

-2

(J.N

(PHI

LI

PS

7388)

is

used

as a

light

sour

ce.

V.

PHOTOMICROGRAPHY

Prepare the

following

cquipmc

nts in

fJdui

tion

to

the LABOPHOT

·POL

mi

croscope

rna

in

bod

y.

*

Nikon

Mi

c

roflex

*

Tr

inocular eyepiece

tube

"TP"

* CF

PL

Projer:tion Lens

1. CF PL Projecti

on

Lenses

The combined use

O'f

the CF P objectives and

CF

PL Projection lenses

is

essentiaL

For the same total magnification, select a com-

bination

of

the

hiQhest

poss

ible

objecti

ve

power

and lowest

po

ssib

le

pruject

i

on

lens

pow

er

to

ach ieve the

utmo

st image de

finit

ion and

cont

rast.

2. Illumination

,)

Checking

the

illumination

Uneven

ness

in

the il

lumi

nation

will

show

up more conspicuously in

photomi

cro-

graphy than

in

observation. Conse

qu

e

ntly.

before taking a photugraph, recheck the

positioning

and

centerinn

of

the lamp and

the

correct

adjustment

of

the condenser.

2)

Selection

of

voltage

and

filter

The

color

tempera

ture

of

the light so

ur

CB

vari

es

with

the vort

age

being used.

Th

ere-

fore,

in

co

lor

photomicr

og

raphy, the

selection

of

voltage ano f

il

ter

is

essential

(for

the

result to be obtDinedl.

In

color

pho

to

micr

og

raphy,

set

the

bright-

ness

cont

rol dial

to

5.5

, and u

se

NCB10

fi

lter.

Depend

ing

upon the make of the

film,

•

different

color

renditions

mD

y result. It IS

recommended

that

in

additi

on

to

the NCB

10

filter

a color comp

en

sation

fdtcr

(CC

filte

r),

available

fr

om

the

film

manufac

turer

, be

use

d.

3.

Shutter

...:

:l:

=-

___

_ _ _

SI

peed=

Desirable

shutt

er

speed

s for least v

ibratio

n are

1/4

""'-'

1/

15

sec

.

Adjustment

of

the imJgebright-

ness

for

color

photomicrog

r

ap

hy should be

made

by

means

of

the NO

fi

lter

s.

Some specimens require, on ar.co

unt

of

their

in

su

ff

ici

ent

brig

htn

ess

, longer exposure times,

and conseq

ue

ntly

poor

co

l

or

r

ep

ro

duc

ibilit

y

owing

to

t

he

"

Reprocit

y L

aw

Fai

lure"

of

f

ilm

may

r

es

ult

. So, when

taking

picture

of

such

specimens, it

is

recommended

to

use

the Ni

kon

Polarizing Microscope

OP

TIPHOT·POL.

In

photom

icrography, the

adjustment

of

the

field diaphragm

is

importanr for t

he

purp

o~

of

limi

ting

extran

eous li

ght

which

causes

fl

are

In

the microscope image.

Stop

down

the dia-

phragm

so

as

to

get

an

illuminated

area sligh

tly

larger than th

at

of

th

e

picture

field.

By

adjust-

ing the aper

ture

diaph

ragm, a change

of

depth

of

f

oc

us,

contrast and reso

lution

of

image is

attainable. Select a s

iz

e suited

to

the purpose.

Gene

ra

lly speaking, the aperture

diaphr

ag

m, is

properly

Slopped

down

to

70 -80%

of

the

aperture

of

the objective being used.

[

5.

Focusing

for

photomic

rograp

hy

can be

do

ne

with

the observation

tub

e

of

the

trinocu

lar

eyepie

ce

tube "

TP"

or

by

us

ing the

Mi

crn

flex

find

er.

1)

For

focusing

with

the

Microflex

finder

Refer

to

the

In

str

uction

Manual

for

the

Nikon

Mi

cro

flex.

2)

Focusing

with

the

observation

tube

For

focusing

wit

h the observation tube,

use

ti

le eyepi

ece

incorporati

ng

the

photo

mask.

Before

pror

ecdlnQ to

fo

cusi

ng

,

the

bi

no

-

Cll

iar dio

pt

er adjustment should have been

fini

sh

e

d.

(1)

Inse

rt

the

eyepiece

with

photo

mask

Into

the eyep

ie

ce

s

lee

ve

on

the

side

of

(he user's

domina

nt

eye, and the viewing eyepiece

into

tile

other

Side

sl

eeve.

Turn

ing the

diopter

ring,

bri

ng

the

dou

bie

cross li

ne

s in

th~

m

ask

eyepi

ecr.

int

o

~t

l

arp

focu

s,

CJn

d then, turning

th

e coarse-fine

foc

us

kn

o

b,

focus the

spe

cim

en ima

ge

onto

the focused su

rfClce

at

the

('

..en

ler

of

the

mask. For

diopter

adjustme

nt

in the

other

eyepiece, do

not

manipulate

th

e focus

knob,

but

the

diopter

ring

to

bring the

image

int

o focus,

with

the

ob

jective 4 X

or

lO

x.

(2) Turning the eyepie

ce

as a whole,

set

it

in

such a position

that

the

photo

ma

sk

ap·

pe

ars

as

shown in Fig. 22.

,,--

Inner

frame

Intermediate

frame

.....

-

Outer

frame

Mask

eyepiece

viewfield

Fig.

22

(3)

Furth

ermo

re, when

usi

ng a

low

pow

er

objective, place

th

e

fo

cusing telescope over

th

e mask eyepiece,

thu

s constructi

ng

an

eyepiece

of

higher magnification, to per·

form pre

cise

fo

cusin

g.

3) Magnifications

of

CF PL Projection lenses

suitable

for

each

frame

size

of

photo

mask

Refer

to

Table

3.

Table 3

For

photo

micrography,

wh

en

f

OCUSi

ng

with

the binocular observati

on

tube,

use

the

CF

eyepiece, CF PL Projection

lens

and

CF Photo Mask eyep'lece, w

ith

the magnifi·

cation and

other

indications

eng

raved in

yellow,

or

in

white

w

ith

a

white

dot

in

additi

on.

6. Others

• As the

int

ermediate tube

"P"

of

LABO·

PHOT·POL microscope b

uilts

in

the

depolari

Le

r,

it's

not

necessa

ry

to

give Ca

re

to

the relation between the

orientation

of

the polarizer, analyzer and

the

position

of

the

Microflex

.

•

For

the

use

of

other

photomicrographic

a

tta

chme

nt

s refer

to

the

pertinent

instruc·

tion

manuals.

Mask

CF

PL

Proj

ec

ti

on

lens

Film

SI

2e

35

mm

6

X9

em 3

Y.

"X

4%"

4"X

5"

Inner

frame

2 x x --

2.5 X --

4 X

1)

-

5 X 0 -

'"

1

nter

·

mediate

frame

2 x X - -

25x

0

'"

-

4 x

0 X

0 --

-

'"

-

OUler

frame

2 X x

11)

-

2.5 X

I)

--0

4 x ---

5 X ----

Note: Framing for

pictur

e composi

ng

wi

ll

be

mOre

accurate

by

the ocular

fi

nder than the mask eyepiece.

VI.

ACCESSORIES

1. Senarmont Com ensator

To

be inserted

into

the

co

mp

ensator slot

of

the

int

ermediate: tube " P" in pl

ace:

of

the 1/4 A &

tint

plOl

te

to

measurr: ttu; r

etar

d

atio

n

with

the

accuracy

of

the

~

uM . (Fig.

23)

Fig. 23

1)

Detecting

of

extinction

position

Rotate

the stage

with

the specImen under

the crossed

Nico

ls

to

find

o

ut

the direc

tion

where the

spe

cim

en

part

for

measurement

appears darkest.

2)

Detecting

of

subtraction

position

Rotate

the stage 450

to

br

ing it

to

the dia-

go

nal

po

sit

ion

from the

extin

ctio

n

po

sition

and

confir

m that the interference cotor of

the specimen part

for

measurement ch

anges

toward the

lower

order side

by

ins

e

rting

t

he

1/4

~

&

tint

plate

into

the

opt

ic

al

path.

If the col

or

chang

es

toward hi

gh

er

order

side, rotate

the

stage fu

rt

her

by

90

0.

3)

Measurement

Inserting the

filter

GIF in

to

the

filter

receptacle, replace

the

1/

4

~

&

tint

plate

by

the

comp

en

sat

or

.

Rota

te

th

e

ana

lyzer

so

as

the

spe

cimen part

for

measureme

nt

becomes

as

dark

as

possi-

ble.

Let

the

ang

le

of

the above analY7er rota·

tion

be

8°

then

th

e r

et

ardation A (nm)

wi

ll

be obtained

as

fo

llows:

8

A

=

--

~

1

80

where

~

wave length o f the

lig

ht

used

for

the

measurement

When the

filter

GI

F IS used:

~

= 546nm

2.

Ouartz Wedge

Th

e Quartz wedge is used instead o f the 1/4 A

& tint plate that is in

th

e compensa

to

r

sl

ot

of

the intermed iate tube " P" (Fig.

24)

With

thi

s wedge the relarda

ti

on

in the range of

1

~

-

6~

c

an

ro

ughly

be

mea

s

ur

ed.

Fig.

24

1)

Detecting

of

ex

tinction

position

Detect the pos

ition

where

the

sPecimen

part

for me

as

urement

becomes darkest

by

rotating

the s

tage

under

the

cr

oss

ed

Nicols.

2)

Detecting

of

subtraction

position

Rotate

the

s

tage

45°

to

bring

it

to

the dia·

gonal

position

from

the

extinct

i

on

position

and co

nfirm

that the interference color

of

the specimen part

for

measurement changes

t

owa

rd the

low

er

order

side

by

inserting

the

quartz

wed

ge

i

nto

the o

pt

ical path.

If

the col

or

ch

anges

toward

the

hi

gher

order side. rotate the stage

further

by

90°

.

3)

Measurem

e

nt

By

sliding the

quartz

wedge along the slot,

the

interfe

rence co

lor

changes consequent-

ly

.

The wedge sliding is

to

be

stopped

wh

en

the sPecimen

part

for meas.urement comes

under the dark stripe, then compare the

interfer

ence color

of

the view

fi

eld

beyo

nd

the specimen

but

under

the

same

dark

stripe

wi

th the

Int

erferen

ce

Color

Ch

ar

t to

assume the amou

nt

of retardation.

If

the

view field is e

ntire

ly f

ill

ed

with

the

specimen around the part

to

be measured,

restrict the

illumination

of the view field

exce

pt

around the

part

f

or

measurement

by

means of the field diaphragm; remove

the

sp

ecimen away the optical path and

then compare the

interf

eren

ce

co

lor

wi

th

the cha

rt

.

hole

swing

-

in/out

knob

Lamp

ho using

cla

mp

screw

R"S;~:;;;---F

,eld

diaphragm

ri

ng

~~I.IC---

-P

olarize

r

rotation

ring

Intermedi

ate llJbe

clamp

sClew

3. Monocular Eyepiece

Tube"

AP"

B

ertrand

l

ens

~

in

/ou

t

tu

rret

-!1

-

lt

~~~~~=1

B

ertra

nd

lens

focus

turret

Fig. 25

,)

Bertrand

lens

Th

e Bertrand lens is

brou

g

ht

in and

out

of

the

OP

tical p

ath

by

turn

ing

th

e

Bertrand

lens

turret.

Th

e le

ns

is in

the

OPtical path when the

indication on

the

turret

is

B.

T

he

Bertrand

lens

can

be

focused by turn-

ing

the

focus

turre

t located

under

the

B

ert

rand lens

turre

t.

2) Pin

hol

e

knob

T

he

pin hole

ca

n be

put

in

or

out

of

th

e

oPtit:C:li

p<Jth

by

operati

ng

t

he

hole

knob

located

right

·hand

Si

de of the eye-

piece sleeve.

By

means

of

the pin hole, the conoscopic

image covering

th

e

area

of

10Jlm¢ on the

specimen

su

rf

ace

(when a

100X

objecti

ve

is used) can be observed.

Univer

sal

epi

-

ill

um

inator

--

--.

Optical

-

path

cha

nge

-ove

r

knob

_

___

-"

Dust-tight

slider

----

-'

4. Universal epi·illuminator

Used

for

episco

pi

c

polarizing

microscopy.

mounted

between the Y-PO L stand and the

int

ermedi

<.J

te

tube"

P

".

1)

Nom

e

nclature

• Referring to

Fi

g.

26,

assemble in

the

order

given.

11

Remo

ve

the eyepiece

tube

and the

int

er-

fflediJte

luu

e

"P"

from

the

V-POL

stand.

CV

Mount

the

universtll

ep

i-

i

llum

inator

on the

microscope arm,

pusit

iuni

nn

the

illumi-

nator

nearly

pa

rallel

to

the arm. Clamp the

sc

rew.

(j)

After

rel

eas

ing s

ufficient

ly

th

e clamp

sc

r

ew

on

th

e la

mp

housing, to

wh

ich

th

e

lamp

bu

lb (1

2V

-50W

Hologcn

la

mp)

and

socket

is

attached, in

se

rt

the lamp

hOUSing

into

the

universal

ep

i

-ill

uminator

and

clamp

th

e

scr

ew.

@ Connect

the

lamp

cord

to

the

transtormer.

:s;.

Remove

the

acc

esso

ry

ND32

filt

er slider

fr

um the

illuminat

or.

Pu

sh in

th

e

po

larizer

s

li

der

until

it

clicks

tw

ice,

® Pl

ace

the

fi

lters.

CD

Mount

the inte

rm

e

diate

tube

"P"

on

the

illuminator,

fitting

the

notch

of

the ci

r-

c

ular

dovetail on

the

end

of

the

clamp

sc

rew. Fasten 11

1e

c

la

mp

sr.rcw.

@ Referring

to

p.

7,

mo

unt

the

eyepi

ece

tub

e

on

the

int

ermedi

ate

tube

"P",

~--

Socke

t

sleeve

clamp

scr

ew

~-

-

L

a

mp

lateral

ce

ntering

screW

,

4'

~

I

Tran

sforme

r I

'---

lamp

vertica

l

ce

nt

enn

g

nng

Polarizer slider

Fig

.

26

2)

Preparation

(1)

Centering

the

lamp

Make

certain

that the

optical

-pa

th

change-

over

knob

is

pushed

(0

th

e li

mit.

(Z)

T

urn

ON,

th

e power

SW

it

ch on

th

e trans-

form

er,

se

t the voltafle to

6V.

Q)

If

the

L

900C

fi

lt

er

is

in

th

e

optical

·path,

remove this.

\4'

Fully

open

the

ap

e

rture

di

ap

hr

Clgrn

.

(

j"

Place the

ND

fil

ter on the

stc

1

qe

and focus

on it using

objective

lO

X.

~

Remove the eyepiece

fr

om

the

sleeve,

looking

into

th

e ex

it

pup

il

of

objective,

move

th

e la

mp

housing

ba

ck and

forth

to

form

a

sh

arp i

ma

ge of the lamp

filament

on

the

diffus

er of

exit

pupil.

•

'f!

Manipulate

th

e lamp c

ent

ering

sc

rews

to

center the

fil

ament

im

age

on

the

exit

pupi

l.

®

Pl

ace the L

900

C fil

te

r.

If

the

ima

ge

is

foun

d roo dark w ith an

ob

j

ecUv('!

of

40

X or higher,

re

mo

ve the

L

900C

fi

l

te

r.

(2)

Orientation

of

polarizer

(intermediate

tube

"P"

)

(j

: Nearly focus

on

the

ND

fil

ter

on

th

o

510ge

using

object

ive 4

0X.

• '

'Z1

S

et

the polarizer graduation

10

"0".

~ Remo

ve

one eyepiece f

rom

the ouservation

tubes.

• L

ooking

int

o the ex

it

pup

il

of

the objective,

rotate

th

o

polan

2e

r r

otation

nn~

to

form

th

e da

rk

cr

oss

irnaut:!

nn the exit pupil.

(Refer

to

Fiy

.

13)

Note:

Take care

not

to

tour:h the

po

la·

rizer r

otation

ring

wh

ile observing

the specimen, or the or

ientatl

on

of

the

po

larizer

will

ge

t

out

of

order.

If

it

is

tou

ched

by

mistake, read·

just

th

e orientation.

3l

Objectives

Use the objectives

CF

M Plan

Achro

mat

P

• series (Strain-free, 210/451.

4) F

or

manipu

l

at

ion ond microscopy, refer to

diascopic polarizing microsco

py.

5. Attachable Mech

..

ical Stage

Type

"E"

To

atla

ch the atHlchablc s

tCige

nn the graduat

ed

stafjp.,

fit the t

wo

position

ing pins on the rear

side

of

the a

tt

ach

ab

le stage In

to

the

two

hol

es

on the graduated st

age

surface, and clamp

th

e

sc

r

ew

using a

dri

ve

r or a

co

in

.

Attachable m

ec

hanical stage is eqUIpped

with

point

counter

s,

whose pitch IS

O.2mm

orO

.3mm

.

The

cou

nter

can be replaced

by

relea

SI

ng

the

h

ea~

of the pOint

co

un

ter

by means

of

a

COin

ai1d

rem

ov

ing

the milled

part

of

the

cou

n

ter.

To release the cli

ck-stop

of the pornt

count

er

,

release

th

e click sPrln9

nut.

(Fig.2 7)

s

prin

g

nut

Positioning

pins

Attachable

mechanical

..

stage

type

E

__

,...l:...r-j--:~II-,~_

=

Fig.

27

VII.

TROUBLE

SHOOTING

TABLE

A

lth

ough nowhere

the

user can fjnd any disorder or derangement in

the

in

strument,

if

he

encounters some

diffi

c

ult

y or dissatisfact

ion

, recheck the

use

, referring to the table

below:

1.

Optical

Fa

ilu

res

Causes Actions

Darkness

at

the •

Op

tical

pa

th in

tr

inocular

tube

• Changin

g-

over

to

the

limit

pe

ripher

y

or

not

fu lly change

d-over

(Refer

to

P.

81

uneven bright- •

Centering

nosepi

ece

n

ot

in

click-

Re

vo

l

ve

it to

cl

ick-st

op

po

s

ition

ness

of

view- stOP position

(Objectiv

e not

field

centered

in

opt

i

ca

l

path)

(No

a

ppearan

ce • Condenser

not

centered Centering by using fi eld

of

viewfield)

di

ap

hra

gm

(Refer

to

P.

91

• Field

diaph

ragm too

much

closed

Op

en

it

properly

• Dirt

or

du

st on

the

lens -Cleaning

(C

ond

en

se

r.

object

ive, eye

pi

e

ce

, slide)

• Irnproper

use

of

cond8nser • Correct

use

(Refer

to

~.

101

• Ber

trand

lens

in

th

e o

ptical

path

Flip

out

(Refer

to

P.

13 &

181

• Pin ho

le

in

the

op

ti

ca

l path Swing o

ut

(Refer

to

P.

18

1

(in

mon

oc

ular eyepiece

tube

"AP")

• T

op

l

ens

of condenser inc

orre

ct ly Swing in

to

the lim

it

positioned

• 1

/4

A &

tint

plate,

com

pen

sa

tor

Cor

rect setting

or

quartz

wedge incorrec

tly

positioned

Dirt

or

dust

in

•

Dirt

or

dust on the l

ens

Cleaning

the

v

iewfield

(Conden

se

r, objec

ti

ve, eyepiece,

f

ie

ld le

ns

l

•

Dirt

or

dust

on

the

slide Cl

ea

ning

•

To

o

low

pos

iti

on

of

condenser Correct

positionin

g

(Refer

to

P.

91

No good image •

No

covergla

ss

att

ached

to

sl

ide

Corr

ect use (Refer

to

P.

1

21

ob

tained

(l

ow

or

NeG

objective used with covergl

ass

reso

luti

on

or

• Too

thick

or

thin

cove

rg

la

ss

Use

sp

ec

ifi

ed thickn

es

s (0.1

7mml

contrast)

co

verglass (R

efer

to

P.

121

• Immersion

oil

soils

the

top

of

dr

y Cleaning

system objecti

ve

(e

specially

40

x I

•

Dirt

or

dust on the lens (conden

se

r, Cleaning

objective. eyepiece. slide)

•

No

immersion

oil

used on i

mmer

sion-

--

.

Usc

im

rn

ersion oil

sys

tem

o

bject

ive (Refer

to

P.

1

21

•

Ai

r

bubb

l

es

in

imm

e

rs

ion

oil

Re

mo

ve

bub

bl

es

•

Not

speci

fi

ed i

mmer

s

io

n oil u

sed

·Use

Niko

n imm

er

si

on

oil

• Conden

ser

apertur

e or

field

Open

prop

e

rly

(Refer

to

P.

111

diaph

ra

gm too

much

opened

•

Dirt

or

dust

on

the

entrance lens

....

Cleaning

Nikon LABOPHOT-POL User manual

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