Oakton WD-35610-00 User manual

Conductivity meter
CON 500
ON/OFF
MEAS
MODE HOLD
SET
MI
MR
▲
▼
CAL RANGE
ENTER
The
EconomyConductivity
BenchtopMeter
Model no:
WD-35610-00
WD-35610-05
897 ©1997
00701-55

2

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Tableofcontents
1. Introduction...........................................................................................................................................................................4-5
• Keypad functions • Rear panels
2. Starting up................................................................................................................................................................................6
3. Conductivity Calibration......................................................................................................................................................7-9
• Choosing standard solutions • Erasing calibrated values • Conductivity calibration
• Errors in conductivity calibration
4. Temperature calibration at one point................................................................................................................................10
5. Conductivity measurement..............................................................................................................................................11-14
• Measurements with automatic temperature compensation • Measurements with manual temperature
compensation • Ready indicator • Hold function • Storing and recalling data (MI and MR keys)
6. Setup program.........................................................................................................................................................................15
• Entering the Setup program • Using Setup programs
7. Using the Setup program...............................................................................................................................................16-19
• P1.0: memory clear • P1.1: Temperature coefficient adjustment • P1.2: Calibration status display
• P2.0: Ready mode selection • P2.1: Auto-off selection • P2.2: Reset all stored data
• P2.3: Temperature normalization at 20°C or 25°C • P2.4: Cell constant selection
8. Probe care and Maintenance...............................................................................................................................................20
9. Error messages.......................................................................................................................................................................21
10. Troubleshooting tips.............................................................................................................................................................22
11. Specifications.........................................................................................................................................................................23
12. Accessories.............................................................................................................................................................................24
13. Appendix............................................................................................................................................................................25-28
• Addendum 1: Zero adjustment • Addendum 2: Two point temperature calibration
• Addendum 3: Calculating temperature coefficients • Addendum 4: Calibration tips
14. Warranty...................................................................................................................................................................................29
15. Return of Items......................................................................................................................................................................29
3
Quick tip
let the mini table of contents in the outer
margins of this manual guide you instantly
to the right section

4
Conductivity meter
CON 500
ON/OFF
MEAS
MODE HOLD
SET
MI
MR
▲
▼
CAL RANGE
ENTER
1.Introduction
Thank you for selecting the OAKTON®WD-35610 series
economy conductivity benchtop meter. This meter has
advanced microprocessor programming to give you state
of the art features at a low price.
The primary display shows the measured conductivity
reading in µS or mS and the secondary display shows the
temperature of the reading in °C. Both displays show self-
diagnostic messages, keypad functions and program
functions. Your meter also includes conductivity probe
WD-35607-50 with built-in temperature sensor and cable.
KeypadFunctions
See Figure 1, right.
The keypad is easy to use.
Key Description
ON/OFF Powers and shuts off the meter. Meter
enters measurement mode when turned on.
HOLD Freezes the measured readings. To activate,
press HOLD while in the conductivity
measurement mode. To release, press
HOLD again.
MODE Selects between the conductivity and the
temperature mode.
CAL/MEAS Selects between Measurement and
Calibration modes.
ENTER/RANGE In Measurement mode; selects range or
sets units to auto ranging. In Calibration or
Setup mode; confirms your values.
MI/▲In Measurement mode, MI inputs values
to memory. In Calibration mode and Setup
programs, ▲scrolls up to the calibration or
set up values you want.
MR/▼In Measurement mode, MR recalls stored
values from memory. In Calibration mode
and Setup programs, ▼scrolls down to the
calibration or set up values you want.
SET Enters the SETUP program.
Figure 1
ON/OFF
MEAS
MODE HOLD
SET
▲
▼
MR
MI
CAL RANGE
ENTER
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5
Figure 2
RearPanel
See Figure 2.
The OAKTON®WD-35610-series meters provide a
complete set of connectors for the various accessories
commonly used. Listed in the table below are details of
the connections that you can make.
Connection Function
ATC Phono jack connection from the
temperature probe for Automatic
Temperature Compensation.
INPUT For connection to conductivity cells
with BNC type connectors. The meter
accepts any cell with a BNC connector.
Always make sure that the connector is
clean and dry.
DC For connection of the AC adapter power
supply (included).
ATC INPUT DC
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starting up
2.StartingUp
Backpanelconnections
See Figure 3 .
1. Connect the AC adapter from an AC power source to
the power jack (DC). Slide in the adapter jack of the
A/C adapter into the meter until it is firmly seated.
Voltage is set at 9V and the current is at 500 mA,
(center positive connector).
NOTE: Make sure the meter is switched off before plug-
ging the adapter into the power source. This pro-
tects the memory in your meter.
2. Connect a conductivity cell to the BNC input
connector (INPUT). The meter can accept any
conductivity cell with a BNC connector. Make sure
the connector is clean and dry.
a. Slide the probe connector of the probe
over the BNC connector socket. Make sure the
slots of the connector are in line with the posts
of the socket.
b. Rotate and push the connector clockwise until
it locks.
3. Connect a temperature probe to the input jack
marked ATC for the Automatic Temperature
Compensation feature to function.
6
Attention!
Do not get water on the BNC connector
during operation. Avoid touching the
connector with soiled or wet hands.
Figure 3
ATC INPUT DC
for temperature
probe for AC adapter
for conductivity
cell
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3.Conductivitycalibration
For ATC measurements, attach the temperature sensor to
the meter. The cell included with your meter has a built-in
temperature sensor that plugs into the ATC input jack on
the back of the meter. The ATC mode annunciator will
appear on the right side of the display.
When you insert the probe into the solution you are
measuring, the sample temperature will be recorded and
conductivity readings will automatically temperature com-
pensate. If manual temperature compensation is pre-
ferred, do not plug a temperature probe into the meter.
ChoosingStandardSolutions
For best results, select a conductivity standard near the
sample value you are measuring. Or, use a calibration
solution value that is approximately 2⁄3the full scale (F.S.)
value of the measurement range you plan to use.
For example, in the 0 to 1999 µS range, use a 1413 µS
solution for calibration.
This meter features five conductivity ranges:
• 0.00 to 19.99 µS
• 0.0 to 199.9 µS
• 0 to 1999 µS
• 0.00 to 19.99 mS
• 0.0 to 199.9 mS
You can calibrate a separate point in each of the five ranges.
Only the ranges that have been calibrated have maximum
±1% full-scale accuracy. If you are measuring values in
more than one range, make sure to calibrate at multiple
standard values to cover those ranges. If a range was not
calibrated, the meter automatically detects the closest
range calibrated and uses that calibration information.
ErasingCalibratedValues
You do not need to erase previous calibration information
when recalibrating. New calibration data will replace the
old information automatically. However, old calibration
data will be retained in ranges that you do not recalibrate.
The meter does not erase stored calibrations even when
unplugged. You can clear ALL calibration data using the
Reset Function (see page 18, Program P2.2).
DONOTREUSESOLUTIONSAFTERCALIBRATION.
Contaminants in the solution can affect the calibration,
and eventually the accuracy of the measurements.
OAKTON calibration solutions are available from your
OAKTON distributor in single-use, convenient pouches or
economical bottles—see “Accessories” on page 24.
7
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ConductivityCalibration
NOTE: These meters are factory set to compensate for
temperature differences at a temperature coeffi-
cient of 2% per °C. For most applications this will
provide good results. See Program P1.1 (page 16)
to set temperature coefficient to a different value.
See Addendum 3 “Calculating Temperature
Coefficients”, page 28 for information on deter-
mining the appropriate temperature coefficient for
your solution.
1. Press the ON/OFF button to turn on the meter, if
necessary. All the LCD segments display for a few
seconds. When you turn the meter on, the LCD enters
the conductivity measurement mode. See Figure 6.
2. Press MODE to select conductivity mode, if
necessary. The COND indicator should show at the
bottom of the display.
3. Pour a small volume of your calibration standard
into a clean container. There should be enough
standard solution to immerse the tip of the conductivity
cell above the air holes about 3⁄4" from the bottom of
the probe.
4. Rinse your probe with deionized water, then in a
small amount of calibration standard.
5. Immerse the probe into the container of standard
solution, and press CAL. The CAL indicator will flash
in the upper right corner of the display. See Figure 7.
6. Allow the probe time to stabilize.
NOTE: When dipping the probe into the sample,
make sure the tip of the probe is completely
immersed into the sample. Also make sure there
are no air bubbles trapped in the slot of the probe,
or your measurement will be inaccurate. To
remove air bubbles, tap the probe gently while the
probe tip is submerged.
8
Figure 6
MEAS
AUTO
µ S
°C
ATC
COND
READY
Figure 7
CAL
µ S
°C
ATC
COND
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6. Use the MI/▲or MR/▼keys to scroll the display to
the correct value of your calibration standard. Be
sure to use the value for the normalization temperature
for which your meter is set (either 25°C or 20°C). You
can select the normalization temperature in the SETUP
mode (see page 19 for directions).
See Figure 8.
NOTE: At any time during the calibration, you may exit
the Calibration mode and return to Measurement
mode by pressing the CAL/MEAS button. The
meter will retain the old calibration data.
7. Press ENTER to store calibration. Return to the MEAS
mode to confirm. See Figure 9.
8. Repeat steps 1-7 for other ranges. You can calibrate at
one point for each of the five ranges.
ErrorsinConductivityCalibration
When an error occurs during the calibration procedure,
the display flashes“ERR” in the lower left hand corner.
During conductivity calibration, “ERR” displays when you
try to change the slope by more than ±20%. “ERR” dis-
played warns you of improper probe use, a bad calibration
solution, or improper calibration technique.
9
Figure 8
CAL
µ S
°C
ATC
COND
Figure 9
READY MEAS
AUTO
µ S
°C
ATC
COND
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4.TemperatureCalibrationatonepoint
The meter allows two types of temperature calibrations:
“single point” and “two point” calibration. Single point
calibration is used to adjust for changes in the tempera-
ture sensor output that can occur with time.
A two point calibration is needed only if you are using a
replacement probe. The built-in temperature sensor
included in the probe is factory calibrated, and does not
require two point calibration.
NOTE: See the Appendix on pages 26-27 for directions on
temperature calibration at two points.
For one point calibration:
1. Make sure you are in MEAS mode. Press the MODE
key and select temperature mode (TEMP).
See figure 10.
2. Dip the probe into a sample of the solution you are
measuring.
3. Press the CAL/MEAS key to enter calibration mode.
The primary display shows the measured Conductivity
value, and the secondary display shows the tempera-
ture at factory calibration value. See figure 11.
4. Place a temperature standard (i.e. an NIST-traceable
thermometer) in the solution with your probe.
Compare the value of the known standard to the
value of the conductivity meter, to check if tempera-
ture calibration is needed.
5. Press the ▲or ▼keys to adjust the benchtop
meter’s reading to agree with the NIST-traceable
thermometer. Temperature calibration is restricted to
±5°C from the initial value displayed during calibration.
(If you try to exceed this, the “ERR” indicator will
display.) See figure 12.
6. Press the ENTER/RANGE key to confirm calibration.
The meter will automatically return to Temperature
measurement mode.
NOTE: To exit from this process without changing the
calibration, press CAL/MEAS instead of
ENTER/RANGE.
10
Figure 11
AUTO CAL
µ S
°C
ATC
TEMP
Figure 12
AUTO CAL
µ S
°C
ATC
TEMP
Figure 10
READY MEAS
AUTO
µ S
°C
ATC
TEMP
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5.ConductivityMeasurement
You can measure readings using Automatic Temperature
Compensation with a temperature sensor, or using
Manual Temperature Compensation without a tempera-
ture sensor. The probe included with your meter features
a built-in temperature sensor.
MeasurementswithAutomaticTemperatureCompensation
1. Switch on the meter, if necessary. The MEAS annun-
ciator together with the auto-ranging annunciator
(AUTO) displays on the top center of the LCD.
See Figure 13. Make sure the temperature sensor is
plugged in the back of the meter.
2. Rinse the cell with deionized or distilled water
before use to remove any impurities adhering to the
probe body. Shake or air dry.
3. Dip the cell and temperature sensor into the
sample.
NOTE: When dipping the probe into the sample, make
sure the tip of the probe is completely immersed
into the sample above the air holes about 3⁄4" from
the bottom of the probe. Also make sure there are
no air bubbles trapped in the slot of the probe, or
your measurement will be incorrect. To remove air
bubbles, tap the probe gently while the probe tip is
submerged.
4. Stir the probe gently in the sample to create a
homogenous sample.
5. Take readings. Allow some time for the temperature
reading to reach the solution temperature. If the Ready
mode is switched on, the READY indicator will light
when the reading is stable. See Figure 14. See page 13
for information on the READY indicator.
11
Figure 13
MEAS
AUTO
µ S
°C
ATC
COND
Figure 14
MEAS
AUTO
µ S
°C
ATC
COND
READY
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MeasurementswithManualTemperatureCompensation
Use the manual temperature compensation feature if you
do not have a temperature sensor (the cell included with
your meter has a built-in temperature sensor). This feature
lets you manually set the meter to any temperature
between –9.9°C and 110°C. The conductivity meter will
compensate readings for the temperature you set.
1. Make sure you are in MEAS mode and that there is no
temperature sensor plugged in to the meter. Press the
MODE key and select temperature mode (TEMP).
The ATC indicator will not appear. See Figure 16.
2. Press the CAL/MEAS key to enter calibration mode.
The primary display shows the measured Conductivity
value, and the secondary display shows the tempera-
ture at factory calibration value. The CAL indicator will
flash.
3. Press the ▲or ▼keys to manually adjust the tem-
perature reading. You can select any temperature
between –9.9°C and 110°C. See Figure 17.
4. Press the ENTER/RANGE key to confirm your
selected temperature. The meter will automatically
revert to measurement mode. The meter is now pre-
pared for manual temperature compensation.
5. Press the MODE key to switch to conductivity read-
ings. The MEAS annunciator together with the auto-
ranging annunciator (AUTO) displays on the top center
of the LCD. See Figure 18.
6. Rinse the probe with deionized or distilled water
before use to remove any impurities adhering to the
probe body. Shake or air dry.
7. Dip the probe into the sample.
NOTE: When dipping the probe into the sample, make sure
the tip of the probe is completely immersed into
the sample above the air holes about 3⁄4" from the
bottom of the probe.. Also make sure there are
no air bubbles trapped in the slot of the probe, or
your measurement will be incorrect. To remove air
bubbles, tap the probe gently while the probe tip
is submerged.
8. Stir the probe gently in the sample to create a
homogenous sample.
9. Take readings. Allow some time for the temperature
reading to reach the solution temperature. If the Ready
mode is switched on, the READY indicator will light
when the reading is stable. To turn off or on READY
Indicator, see the “Ready Indicator” section on page 13.
12
Figure 16
READY MEAS
AUTO
µ S
°C
TEMP
Figure 17
AUTO CAL
µ S
°C
TEMP
Figure 18
READY MEAS
AUTO
µ S
°C
COND
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ReadyIndicator
If your meter is set for READY mode operation, the
“READY” annunciator appears on the top left corner of
the display when the reading has stabilized. The READY
indicator will only appear when the readings stabilize
within a range of ±1 digit/15 seconds. The reading holds
until the measured value changes exceed ±1 digit and the
READY annunciator turns off.
If your meter is set for Continuous mode operation,
the READY annunciator will not appear. In Continuous
mode operation, the readings displayed are instantaneous
readings.
NOTE: The READY mode is the default mode of opera-
tion. If the READY function is switched off, the
READY annunciator will not display and readings
will update more quickly. To turn on or off the
READY indicator, enter SETUP, and then scroll to
“P2.0 Ready ON/OFF” selection (see page 18 for
instructions).
Holdfunction
1. Press HOLD to freeze a measurement. When HOLD
mode is activated, the HOLD mode annunciator
displays. See Figure 21.
2. Press HOLD again to view “live” readings. The Hold
annunciator disappears from the LCD.
13
Figure 21: HOLD indicator
HOLD
µ S
°C
ATC
COND
Figure 15: READY indicator
MEAS
AUTO
µ S
°C
ATC
COND
READY
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Storingandrecallingdata(MIandMRkeys)
You can store up to 16 readings in the meter. The stored
value includes the conductivity reading with the corre-
sponding temperature of the solution. Stored readings are
numbered with numeric and alphabetical references in
the lower left hand corner of the display.
Readings 10 through 16 are indicated by alpha characters
A through F. The meter retains memory even when the
meter is turned off.
To store a reading in memory, press MI.
A MEM indicator will flash in the lower left hand corner,
along with the numeric or alphabetical reference of the
stored value. See Figure 19.
To recall a reading from memory, press MR.
When you press MR, the meter will display the values
stored in memory in a “last in first out” order. For exam-
ple, If you stored 10 readings,when you press the MR key
the meter will display reading MEM 9. As you continue to
press MR, the display will display reading MEM 8 and so
on. The first reading taken is stored in MEM 0.
See Figure 20.
If there are readings stored previously in the meter, the
meter will scroll through those as well. When you return
to the first stored reading, the meter will stop scrolling.
Press CAL/MEAS to return to Measurement mode.
NOTE: If you try to store over 16 readings in the meter,
the most recent stored reading will write over the
oldest stored reading.
14
Figure 19: MI key
READY MEAS
AUTO
MEM
µ S
°C
ATC
COND
Figure 20: MR key
MEM
µ S
°C
COND
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6.SetupProgram
There are two program sets containing several options in
the setup function.
Program 1 (all models): Stored Values Programs
Program 2 (all models): General Operation Programs
ToEnterSetup
1. Press SET key from the conductivity measurement
(MEAS) mode to enter the SETUP function. The meter
automatically enters Program P1.0. The meter prompts
you with program numbers in the secondary field of
the display. You must be in the MEAS mode to enter
SETUP.
UsingSetupprograms
Press the ENTER key to either confirm selection of
options or to move to the next program without changing
the selection. The instrument then automatically scrolls to
the next program. Within each program, you can use
MI/▲or MR/▼to make selections. Some options only
permit the viewing of data and are useful for diagnostic
purposes.
To exit from the program at anytime after you confirm
your choice or to abort from SETUP, press CAL/MEAS to
return to MEAS. Make sure you press ENTER to confirm
your option in each program.
NOTE: Exiting the Setup mode without pressing enter
will cause the meter to disregard your new setting
and retain the old setting.
15
Program Function Options Default Setting
P1.0 Memory clear ON, OFF OFF
P1.1 % Temperature Select value 2.00% per °C
Coefficient 0-10% 0-10%/°C
P1.2 Calibration Indication -----
status display only (not calibrated)
P2.0 Ready On/Off ON, OFF ON
P2.1 Auto-Off ON, OFF ON
P2.2 Reset ON, OFF OFF
P2.3 Temperature Select 25°C
Normalization 20°C or 25°C
P2.4 Cell constant Select cell 1.0
selection constant
Setupprogramsataglance
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7.UsingtheSetupProgram
Program1-StoredValuesPrograms
P1.0: Memory Clear
The memory clear option can clear all memory values.
It does not clear calibration data.
1. Press the MI/▲or MR/▼ keys to toggle select mem-
ory clear on or off. Selecting ON will clear all memory;
selecting OFF will retain all memory. See Figure 22.
2. Press the ENTER key to confirm the selection. The
meter automatically scrolls to P1.1. To exit the SETUP
mode, press CAL/MEAS.
NOTE: Data cannot be selectively deleted—all 16 readings
in memory will be cleared.
P1.1: Temperature Coefficient Adjustment
The temperature coefficient is the amount of change in
conductivity per degree centigrade, and is expressed in
percent per °C. Select the appropriate temperature coeffi-
cient, from 0.0 to 10.0 %/°C, depending on the type of
solution measured.
Most solutions will read accurately with a temperature
coefficient of 2.00%/°C. If you do not know the tempera-
ture coefficient of your liquid, you can determine the
correct value using the procedure in Addendum 3
“Calculating Temperature Coefficients,” page 28.
1. Press the MI/▲or MR/▼ keys to increase or decrease
the temperature coefficient value. See Figure 23.
2. Press the ENTER key when the value matches the
temperature coefficient of your solution. The meter
automatically scrolls to Setup parameter 1.2. To exit
the SETUP mode, press CAL/MEAS.
16
Figure 22: P1.0
SETUP
MEM OFF
Figure 23: P1.1
SETUP
%
TEMP
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P1.2: Calibration Status Display
P1.2 is a view only program that displays previous calibra-
tion data. This meter can store calibration data for each of
its 5 ranges (one value per range).
NOTE: The last calibration point entered replaces the
prior calibration point in each range.
1. Press the MI/▲or MR/▼ keys to scroll through the
previous calibration data. The measurement range
number (1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) is indicated in the lower left
corner of the display. Ranges that have not been
calibrated will display “----”. The display will also indicate
“µS” or “mS,” depending upon which range was
calibrated. See Figure 24.
2. Press the ENTER key to move to the next Setup
parameter P 2.0. To exit the SETUP mode, press
CAL/MEAS.
17
Figure 24: P1.2
SETUP CAL
µ S
COND
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Program2-GeneralOperationPrograms
P2.0: Ready mode selection
If your meter is set for READY mode, the “READY”
annunciator appears on the top left corner of the display
when the reading has stabilized. The READY indicator will
only appear when the readings stabilize within a range of
+/- 1 digit/15 seconds. The reading holds until the mea-
sured value changes exceed ±1 digit and the READY
annunciator turns off.
If your meter is set for Continuous mode operation, the
READY annunciator will not appear. Continuous mode
lets you view readings more quickly, since the readings
displayed are instantaneous readings.
1. Press the MI/▲or MR/▼ keys to turn the READY
indicator ON or OFF. See Figure 25.
2. Press the ENTER key when you have made your
selection. The meter automatically scrolls to Setup
parameter 2.1. To exit the SETUP mode, press
CAL/MEAS.
P2.1: Auto-Off selection
To conserve power, the meter has an Automatic Shutoff
feature. Toggle between Auto-off ON and Auto-off OFF.
ON Meter switches off automatically 20 minutes after
the last keyed operation
OFF Meter operates continuously until manually
switched off with the ON/OFF button.
Under default condition, the AUTO-OFF function is ON.
1. Press the MI/▲or MR/▼ keys to turn the AUTO OFF
feature ON or OFF. See Figure 26.
2. Press the ENTER key when you have made your selec-
tion. The meter automatically scrolls to Setup parameter
2.2. To exit the SETUP mode, press CAL/MEAS.
P2.2: Reset all stored data
P2.2 allows you to reset and erase all conductivity calibra-
tions, and clears all readings stored in memory. This fea-
ture lets you ensure that all calibration data is current.
ON Erases the meters calibration points.
OFF Lets the meter retain current calibrations.
1. Press the MI/▲or MR/▼ keys to turn the reset
calibration feature ON or OFF. See Figure 27.
2. Press the ENTER key when you have made your
selection. The meter automatically scrolls to Setup
parameter 2.2. To exit the SETUP mode, press
CAL/MEAS.
18
Figure 25: P2.0
READY SETUP
ON
Figure 26: P2.1
SETUP
ON
Figure 27: P2.2
SETUP
OFF
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19
P2.3: Temperature Normalization 20 or 25°C
The conductivity of solution varies greatly with
temperature. The meter’s automatic temperature
compensation (ATC) feature adjusts conductivity
measurements to factor out fluctuations in the readings
caused by temperature.
The meter readings are referenced to or normalized at a
standard temperature: either 20° or 25°C. This feature
lets you compare conductivity readings from various
temperatures. Under the default condition, the meter
normalizes all readings to 25°C.
1. Press the MI/▲or MR/▼ keys to toggle the tempera-
ture normalization setting to 20 or 25°C. See Figure 28.
2. Press the ENTER key when you have made your
selection. The meter automatically scrolls to Setup
parameter 2.4. To exit the SETUP mode, press
CAL/MEAS.
P2.4: Cell Constant Selection
Select the nominal cell constant depending on the
probe you use. The standard probe included with the
meter has a nominal cell constant of 1.0. With this
program, you can use an probe with K=0.1, for low
conductivity measurements below 20 µS, or an probe
with K=10.0, for high conductivity measurements above
20 mS.
1. Press the MI/▲or MR/▼ keys to toggle between a
cell constant of 1.0, 10.0, and 0.1. See Figure 29.
2. Press the ENTER key when you have made your
selection. The meter automatically returns to
Measurement mode.
Figure 28: P2.3
SETUP
TEMP
Figure 29: P2.4
SETUP
CELL
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8.ProbeCareandMaintenance
Keep the conductivity probe clean. Rinse the probe twice,
and gently swirl it while you take readings. For best accu-
racy, soak a dry probe for at least 5 to 10 minutes or
longer before calibration. Wash the probe with deionized
or tap water before storing it. Never scratch the platinum
portions with a hard substance. Do not strike the probe
against any hard surface.
Do not make continuous contact with your solutions.
Readings will rise over a period of time while you soak
your probe.
Do not immerse the probe in oily solutions. Clean the
probe thoroughly by stirring it in mild detergent bath.
Wipe the probe with a soft tissue paper. Wash thoroughly
in tap water and then in deionized water. Recalibrate the
meter after cleaning the probe.
20
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