Parker Sporlan Kelvin II Series User manual

The Sporlan Kelvin II is a standalone superheat controller. The
Kelvin II controller may also be connected with a Modbus®master
for remote access to pressure and temperature readings in addition
to viewing and editing the controller’s setpoints. A remote display
unit is optional.
Features:
•Superheat control
• Optional room temperature control
• 4-digit LED display and input knob
• OEM version available without display
• Optional remote display unit
• Optional display networking for 2-valve control
• Optional controller networking for remote access
• Four temperature inputs (Sporlan surface or air sensors)
• One pressure input (Sporlan transducer)
• One digital input (for external switch or relay)
CONTENTS PAGE
1. INSTALLATION 1
2. SETUP 2
3. SETPOINT MENU OPERATION 3
4. SYSTEM OPERATION 3
5. DISPLAY NETWORKING 5
6. CONTROLLER NETWORKING 6
7. PID TUNING 7
8. TROUBLESHOOTING 8
APPENDIX A - Setup Menu 10
APPENDIX B - Process Values 11
APPENDIX C - Setpoint Parameters 12
APPENDIX D - Accessories 14
APPENDIXE-TechnicalSpecications 15
APPENDIX F - Controller Status 15
APPENDIX G - Miscellaneous Displays 15
APPENDIX H - Wiring Diagram 16
APPENDIX I - Sensor Installation 17
APPENDIX J - Modbus Memory Map 18
APPENDIX K - 2k Temperature Sensor Specs 20
APPENDIX L - 3k Temperature Sensor Specs 22
Sporlan Kelvin II Controller
Installation and Operation Instructions
SD-324M/122011 Controller v. E
1. INSTALLATION
Refer to Appendix H - Wiring Diagram and Appendix I - Sensor
Installation
Tools required:
• Small flat screwdriver for terminal connections
• Phillips and flat screwdrivers
• Cordless screwdriver
• Needle-nose pliers
• Wire cutters
• Scotch-BriteTM pad
• Two #8 x ½” self-tapping screws to mount DIN rail
1. Mount the controller in a rain-tight, protected location using
the supplied DIN Rail. To leave enough working space, the
suggested mounting area is 10 inches high and 5 inches wide.
The minimum depth is 3 inches. See Figures 1 and 2.
2. Connect the suction temperature sensor wires to terminals 31
and 32. The sensor is not polarized.
3. Connect the pressure transducer wires to terminals 33, 34,
and 35. Sporlan has used transducer cables with two wire
color combinations; see Table 1. Maximum torque on screw
terminals is 3.5 in-lbs.
4. Connect the optional room temperature sensor wires to termi-
nals 29 and 30. The sensor is not polarized.
5. Connect terminals 27 and 28 to a digital input. A short or a
closed contact from an external relay will close the valve for
pump down. See Section 4 - System Operation.
6. Connect the Sporlan EEV wires to terminals 5, 6, 7, and 8.
7. Connect power wires to terminals 1 and 2. Power require-
ments are 24 volts AC at 40 VA, Class II transformer.
8. Remove the protective clear film from the front of the Kelvin
II controller.
NOTE: Sensor leads may be extended to 100 ft. (30.5 m) with
18 awg wires and Scotchlok™ UR connectors for
long- term integrity.
WARNING: Route and secure cables away from hot surfaces,
high voltage lines, and moving components.
NOTE: The Sporlan Kelvin II refrigeration controller should
be installed only by a qualified professional. All other
system components (valves and sensors) should be
supplied by Sporlan to ensure compatibility and
proper operation. There are no user-serviceable com-
ponents inside the Kelvin II Controller. Opening the
case will void the warranty.
WARNING: Use caution when working around high voltage
components. Safety covers should be used for
personal safety on high voltage panels.
Kelvin IIsd p/n 952567Controller with a
display
Kelvin IIs p/n 952569Controller without a
display
Kelvin IId p/n 952568 Remote display unit

Page 2 / SD-324M
2. SETUP
Kelvin II with Display
The Kelvin II controller has preset setpoints for most system
parameters. Basic system parameters will be verified through the
setup menu. If additional parameter setpoints need to be changed,
follow the steps in this section and in Section 3 - Setpoint Menu
Operation.
Enter values for six system variables following the steps below.
Refer to Appendix A - Setup Menu. The EEV is closed upon pow-
er-up and the system will not operate until completing setup.
The controller will display the firmware versions for the display
and the controller. It will then display the first variable to set.
1. Set StEP, Step Motor Stroke. Press and then turn the
SELECT knob to select the correct number of steps for the
EEV being used. See Table 2 for a list of Sporlan EEVs.
Default is 2500. Press the SELECT knob again to save the
value. The next variable is displayed.
2. Set reFr, Refrigerant. Select the actual refrigerant used in
the system, following the steps above. Default is R-404A.
NOTE: Verify the actual refrigerant used in the system.
3. Set tt4P, Temperature Sensor Type. Select 2K or 3K; see
pictures below. Default is 2K.
4. Set Pt4P, Pressure Sensor Type. Select Absolute or Gauge
(sealed), following the steps above. Default is Gauge.
5. Set Un_t, Temperature Units. Select Fahrenheit or Celsius.
Default is Fahrenheit.
6. Set Un_p, Pressure Units. Select PSI or Bar. Default is PSI.
Setup is now complete. The Kelvin II will begin controlling
superheat, and will display SvpH. The controller is now in the
Process Values Menu (Appendix B). Rotate the SELECT knob to
view the values.
NOTE: Not all refrigeration systems are designed alike.
See Section 7 - PID Tuning to adjust the settings
according to the specic needs of the system.
Kelvin II without Display
To set up a Kelvin IIs(controller without an LED display) that is
connected to either a Kelvin IId(remote display unit) or a Kelvin
IIsd (controller with a display), first go to Section 5 - Display
Networking to establish a network connection. Then follow
the directions in this section and in Section 3 - Setpoint Menu
Operation.
CONTROLLER
TERMINAL
OLD
PIGTAIL
LEADS
NEW
HERMETIC
CABLE
+5VDC 35 Red Black
Signal 33 Green White
Ground 34 Black Green
Table 1 - Pressure Transducer Wire Colors
Figure 2 - DIN Rail Detail
1.5”
.25”
4.0”
3.25”
Figure 1 - Recommended Mounting Clearance
2K sensor 3K sensor

SD-324M / Page 3
SPORLAN MODEL NUMBERS STEPS
SEI-.5, SEI-1, SER-1.5, SEI-2, SEI-3.5
SEI-6, SER-6, SEI-11, SER-11, SER-20 1596
SER-B, C, D, G, J, K, L 2500
SEI-30 3193
SEI-50, SEH-100, SEH-175 6386
ESX 400
Table 2 - Electric Expansion Valves
3. SETPOINT MENU OPERATION
See Appendix C - Setpoint Parameters. All setpoints must be veri-
fied prior to system startup for proper system operation. It may be
necessary to adjust these parameters for a specific system. Details
on advanced features can be reviewed in Section 4 - System
Operation.
1. Enter the Setpoint Menu: Press the SELECT knob for 5 sec-
onds. Enter the password “111 ” and press the SELECT knob
again.
2. To view a parameter, rotate the SELECT knob to the desired
parameter and press the knob. The default value will display.
3. Turn the SELECT knob to change the value and then press
the SELECT knob to enter the value and return to the
Setpoint Menu.
4. After all desired parameters are set, turn the SELECT knob to
“ESC” and press the knob to save and implement all changes.
Observe the system for proper operation.
NOTE: The Setpoint Menu times out after 60 seconds of
inactivity and you will lose all changes entered.
The Kelvin II is now operational and displaying the Process
Values Menu (Appendix B). To view system parameters while
in operation, turn the SELECT knob and scroll through the
menu. Select the desired parameter. For example, to view system
superheat, turn the SELECT knob to SvPH. After a few seconds,
the actual system superheat will be displayed. See Appendix B –
Process Values for a description of each variable.
Pressing the SELECT knob at any time will display the Controller
Display Address CAdr.
4. SYSTEM OPERATION
The Sporlan Kelvin II controller can be configured as a stand-
alone superheat controller or a refrigerated space temperature con-
troller. The controller can be used in refrigeration systems, chill-
ers, or air conditioning systems. The Kelvin II should not be used
inside of a conditioned space that exceeds product specifications
(See Appendix E - Technical Specifications).
The controller, by default, is designed to control superheat in
refrigerated spaces that use evaporator pressure regulators (EPRs).
In all applications, use a normally closed solenoid valve upstream
of the electronic expansion valve to ensure positive shutoff of
refrigerant flow during power loss.
Refrigeration
Superheat control on cases with EEPR (preferred method):
The Kelvin II will regulate the refrigerant flow entering the evap-
orator to achieve the superheat set point. The EEPR is typically
controlled by a system level controller and provides consistent
evaporator temperatures based on the discharge air set point (set
through the system controller). This combination provides greater
stability in control, increased efficiency of the evaporator coil, and
accurate case temperatures.
Superheat control on cases with liquid line solenoid or suction
stop solenoid valves:
Some applications in refrigeration that typically use mechanical
expansion valves also use a solenoid valve upstream (liquid line)
or downstream (suction stop) of the TEV to control case tempera-
ture. The system controller closes and opens the solenoid valve to
meet cut-in and cut-out temperatures. If the Kelvin II controller is
used on these systems in conjunction with an EEV, a digital input
must be connected to the Auxiliary Temperature Sensor terminals
(27 and 28 in Appendix H – Wiring Diagram). Since refrigerant
flow is a critical part of the Kelvin II control scheme, the con-
troller must be tied into the liquid line solenoid or suction stop
solenoid when flow is stopped. This input allows the controller to
respond to major flow variations upstream or downstream of the
EEV.
Case temperature control using cut-in / cut-out:
The Kelvin II can be used as a thermostat by connecting a room
sensor to T2 (terminals 29 and 30) and setting C_in and Covt
to the desired cut-in and cut-out temperatures respectively. For
optimum control, the room sensor must be located inside the case
as specified by the case manufacturer. Connect a normally closed
solenoid valve (upstream of the EEV) to terminals 19 and 20. The
controller will maximize the efficiency of the evaporator coil by
regulating the EEV to control superheat until the cut-out tempera-
ture is reached. The solenoid valve and EEV will then close until
the temperature rises to the cut-in temperature. During defrosts,
a digital input must be connected to the T3 Temperature Sensor
terminals (27 and 28 in Appendix H – Wiring Diagram) so the
controller will close the EEV. A standard dry contact relay can be
used.
Minimum relay on and off time:
This feature is used to prevent compressor short cycling when
the Kelvin II is used as a thermostat using the C_in and Covt
with the room sensor attached to T2 (terminals 29 and 30) in a

Page 4 / SD-324M
standalone system. These settings should be set according to the
compressor manufactuer recommendations. When the Kelvin II
receives a pump down or defrost call at the T3 temperature sensor
terminals (27 and 28) the system will not execute the procedure to
pump down until the minimum relay on time has expired.
Minimum Relay On Time, ront - The amount of time (minutes)
the output of the relay (terminals 19 and 20) must remain on after
it is energized.
Minimum Relay Off Time, roFt - The amount of time (minutes)
the output of the relay (terminals 19 and 20) must remain off after
it is de-energized.
WARNING: The default setting for the Minimum Relay On
and Off time is 0 minutes. For a standalone sys-
tem you must set the values for this feature to be
utilized and prevent compressor short cycling.
NOTE: Use caution. An oversized compressor can cause low
product temperatures during minimum relay on time
cycle.
CHILLERS AND AIR CONDITIONERS
Superheat control - Single evaporator:
The Kelvin II controller may be used on single evaporator chill-
ers or air conditioners. The default control scheme is optimized
for quick pull down (coil temperature) and stable holding loads. If
the controller is used on systems with major transient conditions
(impulse heat loads) it may be necessary to adjust the PID control
scheme parameters. See Section 7 - PID Tuning.
Superheat control - Dual evaporator:
On some systems, it may be necessary to control two indepen-
dent evaporator coils. This setup will consist of a Kelvin II with
display and a Kelvin II without display. A network must be estab-
lished between the two controllers; see Section 6 – Controller
Networking. The display can be used to set up both controllers
and to review parameters from each evaporator coil.
ADVANCED FEATURES
Pumpdown
Closing or shorting terminals 27 and 28 (T3) places the controller
in pumpdown mode and closes the EEV. A standard dry contact
relay can be used. During pumpdown signal, the Kelvin II will
open terminals 19 and 20 (relay), which can be used to pilot a
solenoid valve or compressor. During this time, the controller will
shut down the control scheme and prepare for restart. This ensures
maximum control efficiency and system stability.
Bleed System Equalization
Use of an electric expansion valve (EEV) can dramatically
improve the efficiency of a cooling system. By accurately control-
ling the system’s superheat, the EEV achieves full utilization of
the evaporator coil surface area. A drawback to the use of EEVs
with some compressors is the need for off-cycle pressure equal-
ization. Specifically, when the system is off the compressor is
not cycling refrigerant and the EEV is closed, keeping refrigerant
from flowing through the system. This condition can cause high
backpressure on the discharge side of the compressor, and hence
a hard starting condition. Setting a Bleed Step Position, B_ST,
allows a small amount of liquid refrigerant to pass through the
EEV. Normal industry practice is to set a bleed to equalize the
system in 3-5 minutes. The Kelvin II also allows the delay of the
bleed process by setting the parameter b_dL.
Manual Valve Positioning
The Kelvin II can be used to manually control the EEV via local
or remote displays. Access the Setpoint menu and change SPoS to
the desired valve position, between 0 and 100% of full stroke. The
system will time out after 60 minutes of inactivity while in manual
control. To end manual control of the EEV, press the SELECT
knob to go back to SPoS.
The EEV can also be manually controlled via Modbus by writing
a 1 to the “Manual Valve Enabled” coil (see Appendix J - Modbus
Memory Map).
NOTE: To avoid oodback, start with the valve in the low
position. Never leave the sysem unattended while in
manual mode.
ADDITIONAL HELPFUL SYSTEM PARAMETERS
Delay On, d_on - The amount of time the EEV will be placed in
the specified “Delay Percent Open” position before the internal
relay (terminals 19 and 20) is activated. Range is 0 to 60 seconds.
Time starts when the valve reaches the “Delay Percent Open” set-
ting. This feature can be used on small single compressor systems
to position the valve prior to starting the system. Terminals 19
and 20 can be used to pilot a compressor relay.
Delay Off, doFF - The amount of time the system waits to de-
energize terminals 19 and 20. If called to shut off the system, it
closes the EEV and waits for system pumpdown by the specified
Delay Off time, then deenergize the relay (terminals 19 and 20).
Delay Off time starts when EEV is at 0%.
Delay Percent Open, d_St - The position the valve will be
placed in prior to starting. Used in conjunction “Delay On”.
Low Operating Pressure, L_oP - This setting can be used in
smaller systems for startup. If the EEV is not open enough (super-
heat above set point and pressure below LOP) the Kelvin II will
open the EEV 100% to equalize system pressure to maintain
mass flow to keep the system running. It will go back to control-
ling superheat when suction pressure rises above LOP setpoint.
Superheat control takes priority as a safeguard.
Maximum Operation Pressure, H_oP - Used in various systems
to control maximum suction pressure. The Kelvin II limits the
amount of high pressure / high temperature gas going to the com-
pressor by closing the EEV when pressure is within 3 psi of the
Maximum Operating Pressure setpoint.
Max Valve Capacity, HiCP - The maximum opening position of
the valve. Can be used to compensate for an improper, oversized
EEV. If set too low, system superheat may become too high.
Dead Band, dbnd - Provides a smoother operational range
around superheat set point. For tighter superheat control, the
deadband may be decreased. Options are in degrees superheat
around set point, 1 ( +/- 1 degree) or 2 (+/- 2 degrees).
Supermarket Mode, SvPS - Supermarket Mode uses a PID
control scheme that is designed for refrigerated cases that use
evaporator pressure regulators. This default mode provides quick

SD-324M / Page 5
Figure 3 - Display Networking
The local controller is listed as LocL. To view a different controller
on the display network, rotate the SELECT knob to CAdr and then
press and release the knob. Rotate the knob to select the address of
a controller. Once the address is selected it will take a moment to
boot up. Setpoints on any controller can be changed as described
in Section 3 - Setpoint Menu Operation.
The CAdr of a Kelvin IIscontroller can also be set through
Modbus.
Multiple Controllers
The CAdr of a Kelvin IIscontroller, display address 3-99, must be
set individually using a Kelvin IIdor through Modbus.
Three or more controllers can be networked through the use of a
special junction box that is easily fabricated. The controllers are
wired to the junction box using the RJ-45 jacks and Cat 5 Ethernet
cable (see Figure 3 - Display Networking). Kelvin II controllers
can connect to any junction box ports. Unpowered remote display
units (Kelvin IId) should be connected to specially wired ports
designated for the remote display, shown in red in Figure 4.
Junction Box Fabrication
Category 5E junction boxes can be sourced from L-com.
• Model SMM45-6W can connect 6 controllers (1 remote dis-
play and 5 Kelvin II controllers with or without displays).
• Model SMM45-12W can connect 12 controllers.
Kelvin IIdremote displays, being unpowered, must be connected
to an energized port (red jacks in Figure 3), with a powered con-
troller plugged into the other red jack. If all the networked control-
lers are powered models, no special wiring (red jacks) is necessary.
To wire a junction box, punch down all blue and blue/white wires.
To wire a pair of energized (red) jacks, punch down brown and
brown/white wires between 2 jacks. See Figure 4.
Kelvin IId
Kelvin IIsd
or Kelvin IIs
Kelvin IIsd
or Kelvin IIs
Kelvin IIsd
or Kelvin IIs
Kelvin IIsd
or Kelvin IIs
case temperature pull down after defrost and refrigeration off
time. Once the system reaches steady state control, the controller
will adjust the electronic valve movement to minimize superheat
oscillation. The PID settings under this mode will only adjust the
steady state condition. See PID section for further information on
adjustments.
5. DISPLAY NETWORKING
A Kelvin II remote display unit can be connected to another Kel-
vin II controller in order to set up that controller, view that control-
ler’s process values, and change setpoints.
To network a Kelvin IIs(controller without an LED display) with
a Kelvin IId(remote display unit):
1. Connect the two controllers with a Cat-5 Ethernet cable.
2. The remote display unit will access the Kelvin IIs.
3. Set up the Kelvin IIscontroller (Section 2 - Setup).
To network a Kelvin IIs(controller without an LED display) with
a Kelvin IIsd (controller with a display):
1. Connect the 2 controllers with a Cat-5 Ethernet cable.
2. The Kelvin IIsd must have its CAdr parameter (Display
Address) set to 1-99 to enable display networking. Navigate
to “End” in the process variables display of the Kelvin IIsd
and press the SELECT knob to select a different controller on
the display network. (Controller should display “LocL”)
Note: “End” is not available if “CAdr” is 0.
3. TurntheSELECTknobtondtheKelvinIIs(2is default for
the Kelvin IIs), and press the knob to connect.
4. After a connection is established the display should switch
from “----”tothermwareversionoftheKelvinIIscontrol-
ler followed by the setup screen (if the controller has not
been set up as described in Section 2).
Figure 4 - Wiring the powered (red) jacks
XX

Page 6 / SD-324M
Figure 6 - Daisy Chain Network Configuration
6. CONTROLLER NETWORKING
The Sporlan Kelvin II can communicate with a Modbus com-
munication master via RS485 to transfer process values and set-
points. See Appendix J - Modbus Memory Map.
The Kelvin II supports only the RTU transmission mode.
The serial settings are:
• 9600 baud (default), 19200 baud, 38400 baud
• 8 data bits
• 1 stop bit
• Even parity (default), odd parity, no parity
Scaling
For better precision, scaling is used for Bar or Celsius units.
PSI and Fahrenheit are whole numbers and have no scaling.
Celsius values transferred via Modbus are 10X. For example, a
value of 45 will be transferred for the superheat when the actual
superheat temperature is 4.5°C. Remember this when changing a
setpoint.
Bar values transferred via Modbus are 100X. For example a value
of 1034 will be transferred for the Maximum Operating Pressure
when the actual pressure is 10.34 Bar. Remember this when
changing a setpoint.
Setup
The Sporlan Kelvin II controllers can be networked to communi-
cate process variables back to a master controller. This informa-
tion can be used for verifying system performance or updating
individual setpoints via RS-485 and PC interface. Data can be
accessed remotely through the master controller. For further
information on remote monitoring, see the documentation for the
master controller.
Prior to connecting the network, each controller must be assigned
a separate address on the Modbus network, Addr. Refer to Section
3 – Setpoint Menu Operation to enter the Setpoint menu. Once in
the Setpoint menu, scroll to AddR and assign each controller on the
network an individual address. Note that no two controllers can
have the same address. Default address for each controller is ‘1’.
NOTE: AddR is the Modbus address, CAdR is the controller
display address.
Modbus Connection Requirements
See Figure 5 - Modbus Wiring.
Wire Type: 18 AWG Universal Twisted Pair
Maximum Number of Network Nodes: 100
Maximum Run Length: 4000 ft
Recommended Network Configuration: Daisy Chain, a single
continuous transmission line from one end to the other. Other
configurations involving triple-lug connections, such as star, are
not recommended. See Figure 6.
Noise Reduction: Termination resistance (RTin Figure 5) is rec-
ommended to reduce reflections and noise on the data transmis-
sion lines. Place the resistance at the extreme ends of the cable,
with the resistance value matching the characteristic impedance
of the transmission line (typically 120 ohms for twisted pair
cables).
Shielding prevents noise from EMI sources. If the cable is shield-
ed, connect the shield to earth ground at one end only. NOTE: Do
not connect shield to RS485 GND.
Keep RS485 wiring away from high voltage AC lines to reduce
noise and data errors on the communication lines. RS485 commu-
nication cable should be placed perpendicular to AC lines at any
intersection.
Grounding: Connect a third conductor to RS485 GND (terminal
13) to prevent ground potentials between nodes. This conductor
should be included in the shield of the twisted pair cable to pre-
vent noise. NOTE: Do not connect RS485 GND to earth ground.
Third Party Controllers: To avoid nuisance “network errors”,
the use of third-party controllers on the same RS485 network
with Sporlan controllers is not recommended.
See Appendix J - Modbus Memory Map. Also, refer to the docu-
mentation supplied with the communication master for additional
RS485 network requirements.
Controller 1
GND A B GND A B
Controller n-1
RTRT
Communication
Master B
A
B
A
GND
Controller n
RT- Termination resistor
Figure 5 - Modbus Wiring
COMMUNICATION
MASTER

SD-324M / Page 7
7. PID TUNING
If temperature pull down is satisfactory, then the default control
scheme (supermarket mode) should be used. The PID values may
be adjusted if superheat is not stable. If superheat is oscillating
around setpoint at steady state conditions, reduce PID settings
to half of existing values. If pull down is not satisfactory, then
the Kelvin II can be configured into a standard PID scheme that
can be fully adjustable. This feature can be accessed by entering
the Setpoint Parameters Menu as described in Section 3. Go to
parameter SvPS, supermarket mode, and change its value to OFF.
NOTE: Only experienced professionals should access this
feature. System stability and performance may be
improved by adjusting PID.
The Kelvin II is factory programmed with default Proportional–In-
tegral–Derivative(PID)settingsthatwillprovideefcientcontrol.
Itmaybenecessary,however,tonetunethePIDsettingsin
applications where systems experience rapid transient conditions
(suchasfrequent“impulse”changesinloadingormassowrates).
In most instances, adjustments to the PI setpoints are adequate.
If tuning is needed, see Section 3 - Setpoint Menu Operation to
enter the PID setpoint menu. The following guidelines should be
followed:
• -p-(ProportionalCoefcient)-Increasevaluetoincrease
valve response to superheat.
•
• -I-(IntegralCoefcient)-Increasevaluetoincreasevalve
response to superheat over a given time period.
•
• -d-(DerivativeCoefcient)-Increasevaluetoincrease
valve response to rate of change in superheat.
•
• When PID adjustments are made, allow adequate time for the
system to respond to the changes.
When the superheat is oscillating to extremes, the Proportional
and/or the Integral value may be too high. If superheat is slow to
react to a transient system change, then the Proportional and/or the
Integral value may be too low in value.
NOTE: Not all refrigeration systems are designed alike.
Use caution when tuning PID setpoints.

Page 8 / SD-324M
8. TROUBLESHOOTING
SYMPTOM CHECK
Will not power up Wiring terminals for power at transformer and controller
Supply voltage (see Appendix E - Technical Specifications)
Superheat below setpoint Pressure Transducer Range (correct transducer set up in controller; 0-300, etc)
Pressure Transducer Type (correct transducer set up in controller; gauge/sealed vs absolute)
Temperature Sensor Type (correct sensor set up in controller; 2K or 3K (see Appendix I - Sensor Installation)
Temperature Sensor wiring (ensure sensor locations are not mismatched)
Foam insulation on piping and sensors
Superheat above setpoint Liquid condition entering expansion valve
Pressure Transducer Range (correct transducer set up in controller; 0-300, etc)
Temperature Sensor Type (correct sensor set up in controller; 2K or 3K, see Appendix I - Sensor Installation)
EEV (correct valve set up in controller; 1596, 2500 steps, etc)
EEV sizing (if EEV position in controller is at 100% when symptom exists, EEV may be undersized)
Heat exchanger sizing
Proper system refrigerant charge
Oil return (oil logging in heat exchanger)
Liquid line filter (clogging or excessive pressure drop)
No Superheat Wiring terminals (power) at transformer and controller
Proper system refrigerant charge
Pressure Transducer Range (correct transducer set up in controller; 0-300, etc)
Pressure Transducer Type (correct transducer set up in controller; gauge/sealed vs absolute)
Temperature Sensor Type (correct sensor set up in controller; 2K or 3K (see Appendix I - Sensor Installation)
Temperature Sensor wiring (ensure sensor locations are not mismatched)
Foam insulation on piping and sensors
Superheat unstable Wiring terminals (power) at transformer and controller
Wiring terminals (sensors) at controller
Sensor locations
Sensor operation (See additional information under Section 8 - Troubleshooting)
Proper heat exchanger flow direction
Stability of head pressure control valves (upstream of EEV)
Stability of suction pressure control valves (downstream of EEV)
Stability of rack controller (verify compressors are not short cycling)
Controller PID setting (See Section 7 - PID Tuning)
No Communication Wiring at controller and master communication board
Addresses of controllers (see Section 6 - Controller Networking)
Communication errors Wiring terminals at controller and master communication board
Network wiring from controller to master communication board (see Section 5 - Controller Networking)
Proper network wire grounding (see Section 6 - Controller Networking)
Termination resistors (see Section 6 - Controller Networking)
Network parameters in controller and master communication board (baud rate, parity, etc; see Section 5)
Third-party controllers on Control network
Setpoints not saved ESC must be set within 60 seconds of changes being made

SD-324M / Page 9
LABEL COLOR Prng PSI
Green 150 (v-.5) x 37.5
None / Silver 300 (v-.5) x 75
Yellow 500 (v-.5) x 125
Figure 7 - Pressure Sensor Cable
Table 3 - Pressure Transducer Specifications
Troubleshooting Recommendations
As with any refrigeration component troubleshooting, actual
system conditions should be verified with a gauge set and a cali-
brated temperature sensor (i.e verify actual superheat and refriger-
ant condition). This system information is valuable in determining
whether it is component related or system related.
For systems or applications that experience light loads on the Kel-
vin II circuit, it is important that the heat exchanger and refrigerant
lines are sized correctly. This will ensure proper oil return and will
minimize the effects of oil logging in the heat exchanger. Many
heat exchanger manufacturers recommend a hot gas bypass for
loads below 50%.
Sensors
Failed sensors will trigger an alarm. An alarm code will show
which sensor is mis-wired, disconnected, or faulty. The alarm will
persist until the problem is corrected.
Failed temperature sensorsmayreadextremelyloworinnite
resistance when tested with an ohmmeter. Readings should be
taken with the sensor disconnected from the Kelvin II. A missing
or disconnected temperature sensor will read -60 on the controller.
Temperature sensor output can be checked by measuring the DC
voltage across the sensor wires and consulting the tables in
Appendix K and Appendix L.
2Kand3Ksensorshaveapproximately1.9KΩand2.8KΩ,
respectively,at80Fmeasuredacrosssensorwires.
Pressure transducers must be installed tight enough to depress
thevalvesteminthetting.Failuretodosowillresultinerrone-
ous pressure readings and possibly leaks.
Pressure transducers should be tested while connected to the
controller and powered. Test at the controller terminals. Voltage
between terminals 34 and 35 should be 4.8 - 5.2 volts DC. Voltage
between 33 and 34 should be between 0.5 and 4.5 volts DC.
See Table 1 - Pressure Transducer Wire Colors.
To test the accuracy of the transducer, use a gauge set to obtain the
actual system pressure. For volts-to-pressure conversion, measure
the voltage between terminals 33 and 34. Identify the pressure
transducerusedandndthecorrectrangePrng in Table 3.
Substitute the measured voltage (v) into the formula in the PSI
column. The result should be within 3 psi of the actual system
pressure shown on the gauge set. If not, check the transducer for
proper installation, correct Schrader valve, and verify the pressure
rangeidentiedonthetransducer.
To test the transducer cable, disconnect the cable from the trans-
ducer and check for 4.8 - 5.2 volts between terminals +and –.
See Figure 7 - Pressure Sensor Cable.
ALARMS
If the superheat is 2 degrees below setpoint for 30 seconds, the
controller will display the alarm LSHA.
Alarms will persist until the problem is corrected.
ALARM DESCRIPTION ACTION
PSAL Pressure Sensor
Failure
Pumpdown (open terminals
19 & 20) and close EEV
tSAL Suction Temp
Sensor Failure
Pumpdown (open terminals
19 & 20) and close EEV
LSHA Low Superheat If superheat is 2 degrees or less,
EEV will close more aggressively
HSHA High Superheat No system response
Table 4 - Alarm Actions

Page 10 / SD-324M
DISPLAY DESCRIPTION OPTIONS
StEp Valve Type
DisplayReadout Description
16 1596 Step Bipolar Valve
313 3193 Step Bipolar Valve
00 2500 Step Bipolar Valve
636 6386 Step Bipolar Valve
400 400 Step Unipolar Valve
rEFr
Refrigerant Type
NOTE: Select the actualrefrigerant
used in the system.
DisplayReadout Description
r R-22
134A R-134a
40A R-402A
404A R-404A
40A R-407A
40C R-407C
410A R-410A
41A R-417A
4A R-422A
4d R-422D
r0 R-507A
r44 R-744
4F R-245FA
r-E R-E5
43A R-438A
401B R-401B
40A R-408A
0A R-508A
0b R-508B
tt4p Temperature Sensor Type
Readout Description
typ3 3K Thermistor
typ 2K Thermistor
Pt4p Pressure Sensor Type
DisplayReadout Description
AbSL Absolute Pressure Type
gAUg Gauge (Sealed) Pressure Type
Un_t Temperature Units
DisplayReadout Description
FAHR Fahrenheit
CELS Celsius
Un_p Pressure Units
DisplayReadout Description
PSI Pounds per square inch
BAR Bar units
APPENDIX A - Setup Menu
Counterclockwise
Clockwise
Default values are highlighted.

SD-324M / Page 11
APPENDIX B - Process Values
PROCESS DESCRIPTION RANGE
End End display session with controller Controller display address CADR must be reset *
SvPH Superheat (tout-tsat)0 to 165°F (0 to 91.6°C)
SvcP Suction Pressure Depends on pressure sensor range and type
-14.7 to 500 PSI (-1.01 to 34.47 Bar) Max. range
tSAt Saturation Temperature -60 to 150°F (-51.1 to 65.6°C)
tovt Suction Temperature -60 to 150°F (-51.1 to 65.6°C)
CtP Case / Room Temperature -60 to 150°F (-51.1 to 65.6°C)
PoSn EEV Position (% of max stroke) 0 to 100% Open
S-3 Auxiliary Temperature 1
or Pumpdown State
-60 to 150°F (-51.1 to 65.6°C) if input is
within range for a valid temperature reading
Otherwise:
Display Description
CooL Cool Mode - High Resistance
or open on T3
Pdn Pumpdown Mode - Low
Resistance or short on T3
S-4 Auxiliary Temperature 2 -60 to 150°F (-51.1 to 65.6°C)
rELA Relay Status
Display Description
dEng Relay is de-energized (open)
Eng Relay is energized (open)
Stat System State
Display Description
SEtU Setup Mode
OFF Off Mode
COOL Cool Mode
Pdn Pumpdown Mode
StPO Manual Valve Override Mode
ALS Controller Alarms
Display Description
nonE No Active Alarms
PSAL Pressure Sensor Failure
tSAL Suction Temp Sensor Failure
LSHA Low Superheat Alarm
HSHA High Superheat Alarm
*If the controller display is alternating between CtrL, and either a number 1-99 or LocL, then scroll to LocLand press the SELECT knob
to view the local controller attached to this display. Press and hold the SELECT knob for approximately 5 seconds and enter password
111 when prompted. Scroll to CADR(Controller address) and set it to 0. Exit the setpoint menu.
NOTE: The controller’s default menu is the Process Values Menu.

Page 12 / SD-324M
PARAMETERS
ESC Escape and save settings -
SHSP Superheat Setpoint
Change to desired Superheat Setpoint 5 to 45°F (2.7 to 25°C) Default is 10°F (5.5°C)
rEFr
Chosen at Setup
Refrigerant Type
Change to desired Refrigerant Type
r R-22
134A R-134A
40A R-402A
404A R-404A
40A R-407A
40C R-407C
410A R-410A
41A R-417A
4A R-422A
4d R-422D
r0 R-507A
r44 R-744
4F R-245FA
r-E R-E5
43A R-438A
401b R-401B
40A R-408A
0A R-508A
0b R-508B
d_on Delay On 0 to 60 seconds Default is 0
doff Delay Off 0 to 60 seconds Default is 0
d_st Delay Step Position Open of Valve 0 to 100% Default is 0%
b_st Bleed Step Position of Valve % 0 to 15.0% Default is 0.0%
b_dL Bleed Delay Time 0 to 9999 seconds Default is 0
L_op Low Operating Pressure Values depend on pressure sensor range & type
-14.7 to 485 psi (-1.03 to 9.30 Bar) max. range
H_op Maximum Operating Pressure Values depend on pressure sensor range & type
5 to 485 psi (1.37 to 34.47 Bar) max. range
C_in Cut-in Temperature -59 to 125°F (-50.5 to 51.6°C)
Default is -59 (-50.5 C)
Covt Cut-out Temperature -60 to 125°F (-51.1 to 51.0°C)
Default is -60 ( -51.1 C)
ront Minimum Relay On Time 0 to 10 (default is 0)
roFt Minimum Relay Off Time 0 to 10 (default is 0)
HiCP Max Valve Capacity 0 to 100% Default is 100
Sups Supermarket Mode ON or OFF
dbnd Superheat Control Deadband 1 (+/-1°F) or 2 (+/-2°F) Default is 2
-P- Proportional Coefficient
-I- Integral Coefficient
-d- Derivative Coefficient
APPENDIX C - Setpoint Parameters
Counterclockwise
Clockwise
Default values are highlighted.
SUPS ON SUPS OFF
0 to 18 Default is 6 0 to 50 Default is 6
0 to 24 Default is 12 0 to 100 Default is 12
0 to 4 Default is 1 0 to 50 Default is 1

SD-324M / Page 13
PARAMETERS
StEp
Chosen at Setup Valve Type
16 1596 Step Bipolar Valve
313 3193 Step Bipolar Valve
00 2500 Step Bipolar Valve
636 6386 Step Bipolar Valve
400 400 Step Unipolar Valve
SPoS Manual Valve Position 0 to 100% Open Default is current valve position
nEt Network Type nbUS (Modbus) or ProP (Network Master)
Addr Modbus Network Address 1 to 255 Default is 1
BavD Modbus Baud Rate
6 9600
1 19200
34 38400
nPAr Modbus Network Parity
none No Parity
EvEn Even Parity
odd Odd Parity
Un_P Pressure Units
Psi Pounds Force Per Square Inch
bAr Bars
Un_t Temperature Units
FAHr Fahrenheit
CELS Celsius
tt4p
Chosen at Setup Temperature Sensor Type
Readout Description
t4p3 3k thermistor
t4p 2k thermistor
Pt4p
Chosen at Setup Pressure Sensor Type
AbSL Absolute Pressure Type
gAUg Gauge (Sealed) Pressure Type
Prng Pressure Sensor Range
Avto Based on Refrigerant
10 0-150 psi
300 0-300 psi
00 0-500 psi
CALP Pressure Sensor Calibration Offset -5 to 5 psi (-.34 to .34 Bar) Default is 0 psi (0.00 Bar)
CLT1 Suction Temperature Calibration Offset -5 to 5°F (-2.7 to 2.7°C) Default is 0
CLT T2 / Room Temperature Calibration Offset -5 to 5°F (-2.7 to 2.7°C) Default is 0
CLT3 T3 Temperature Calibration Offset -5 to 5°F (-2.7 to 2.7°C) Default is 0
CLT4 T4 Temperature Calibration Offset -5 to 5°F (-2.7 to 2.7°C) Default is 0
CAdr Controller Display Address 0 to 99 Default is 0 for sd, 2 for s
APPENDIX C - Setpoint Parameters (continued)
Clockwise
Counterclockwise
Default values are highlighted.

Page 14 / SD-324M
APPENDIX D - Accessories
DESCRIPTION ITEM NOTES
Kelvin II Refrigeration Control
Kelvin II sd 952567 Standalone Controller with display
Kelvin II s 952569 Standalone Controller, no display
Kelvin II d 952568 Remote display unit
Parker Sporlan Temperature Probes
2K Sensor - Nickel plated brass 952662 Used with well. Can be used without well.
3K Sensor - Brass 952551 Not used with well.
Parker Sporlan Pressure Transducers (Selectonepercontrollerbasedonrefrigerant)
PSPT0500SVSP-S 952576 0-500 psis transducer (R744)
PSPT0300SVSP-S 952574 0-300 psis transducer (R410A)
PSPT0150SVSP-S 952572 0-150 psis transducer (all other refrigerants)
Transducer Cables
PSPT000000CP50 953100 5 meter cable
PSPT000000CP20 953192 2 meter cable
Troubleshooting Accessories
SMA-12 953276 Handheld digital instrument for testing EEV performance.

SD-324M / Page 15
APPENDIX F - Controller Status
DISPLAY DESCRIPTION
CooL Compressor running
pdn Kelvin II Off (Pumpdown)
Off Compressor not running
APPENDIX G - Miscellaneous Displays
DISPLAY DESCRIPTION
End Press SELECT knob to exit menu
BAD The wrong password has been entered
LocL Shows that readings refer to current controller
CtrL Shows which controller is displayed
ELECTRICAL
Supply Voltage ................... 20-26VAC 50/60Hz or 22-26.6VDC; Class II input.
Digital Inputs .................... 0-5VDC Max Range, Interface to dry contact or open collector
Analog Inputs .................... 4 Temperature Sensors 2Kohm (3Kohm optional)
1 Pressure Transducer .5 - 4.5VR
Relay Outputs.................... 100-240VAC, 3A ind/250V
22-28VDC, 250mA digital output w/ground (Not currently used)
Digital Display ................... LED - Red, 7 segment, 4 digit
Indicators ....................... LED - Red, Power
User Interface. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Optical Encoder (SELECT knob)
Data Interface ................... RS 485, Modbus
MECHANICAL
Operating Temperature ............ -40°F to 158°F (-40°C to 70°C)
Humidity ........................ 0-95%RH (Non-Condensing)
Enclosure ....................... PC - Light Gray
Wiring. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Screw terminal
Mounting ....................... DIN Rail - EN 50 022
COMPLIANCE
Environmental ................... RoHS
WEEE
Electrical ....................... CE
UL/CUL (Recognized per 873)
FCC (Class A, part 15)
C-tick
APPENDIX E - Technical Specifications

Page 16 / SD-324M
APPENDIX H - Wiring Diagram
NOTE: Use caution when working around high voltage components.
Dry Contacts (T3)
Evap. Outlet Temp. (T1)
Room Temp. (T2)
White
Green
Black
Black
24V
AC/DC
RS485
White
Green
Red
B-
Ground
A+
Suction Temperature Sensor
Pressure Transducer
Pumpdown
Relay
L1 L2
EEV
Load
Line
Liquid Line Solenoid Valve
10”-14”
minimize
1”- 2” ideal
Evaporator
Aux. Temp. (T4)
Internal Relay
Rated 240v, 3A
*
*T3 can be used as an Auxillary Temperature Input or a Pumpdown Input signal. Note: Piping and sensor insulation is not shown.
Refer to the evaporator manufacturer’s installation/orientation instructions.
White
Green
Black
Black
White
Green
Red
Return Air
For 400 Step Sporlan Unipolar Valve
4 -> Gray Wire 5 -> Orange Wire 6 -> Yellow Wire 7 -> Red Wire 8 -> Black Wire

SD-324M / Page 17
Refer to Appendix H - Wiring Diagram for sensor locations.
Mount the Pressure Transducer
1. Locate or install a ¼” SAE access fitting on the suction line
near the outlet of the evaporator. Mount it at 12 o’clock on a
free-draining horizontal line to decrease the possibility of oil
trapping.
WARNING: Remove pressurized refrigerant from the line
before installing the tting.
2. Install the transducer, tighten it to 8 ft-lbs, and check for leaks.
Do not use a gasket or a washer.
WARNING: For safety, ensure that the correct Schrader core
is installed in the access tting and use caution
when removing Schrader cap/installing transduc-
er to avoid contacting escaping refrigerant.
3. Connect the pressure transducer cable to the transducer.
4. Route and secure transducer cable away from hot surfaces and
high power A/C voltage lines.
5. Connect transducer wires to the Kelvin II controller.
6. Ensure pressure range and type (gauge or absolute) are cong-
ured properly in the Kelvin II, See Section 2 - SETUP.
7. After startup, use a gauge set to verify proper pressure reading
through the controller. An improperly installed Schrader core
can cause erroneous pressure readings.
8. Check for leaks after system is in operation.
Mount the Suction Outlet Temperature Sensor
1. Per Appendix H - Wiring Diagram, the temperature sensor
should be installed 10-14 inches from the heat exchanger, on
a free-draining horizontal line. Minimize the distance from
the pressure transducer.
2. Use Scotch-BriteTM to clean the copper line at the installation
location. Remove oxides and dirt to increase sensor accuracy.
3. Fasten the suction temperature sensor as oriented in Figure 8.
Mount the sensor on the suction line after the heat exchanger,
near the pressure transducer.
4. Route the cable away from hot surfaces and high power A/C
voltage lines.
5. Connect sensor wires to the Kelvin II controller.
6. Verify that the Kelvin II is configured properly for the
temperature sensor used (2K or 3K sensor), See Section 2 -
SETUP.
7. Wrap temperature sensor and copper tube with foam insula-
tion to minimize ambient temperature effects (Figure 9).
Mount the Optional Room Temperature Sensor
1. Mount the Room or Box temperature sensor in the area to be
controlled. Ensure that it is at least 4 inches from the surface
of the evaporator coil.
2. Connect sensor wires to terminals 29 and 30 on the Kelvin
II controller as shown in Appendix H - Wiring Diagram. The
sensor leads are not polarized.
3. Ensure that the Kelvin II is configured properly for the
temperature sensor used (2K or 3K sensor), See Section 2 -
SETUP.
Figure 8 - Temperature Sensor Positioning
Figure 9 - Cutaway of Pipe Insulation
APPENDIX I - Sensor Installation
Temperature sensor should be mounted at either
4 or 8 o’clock, on a free-draining horizontal line.
NOTE: Sensors may be extended to 100 ft. (30.5 m) using 18
gauge shielded twisted pair cable. Splice connections
should be use Scotchlok™ UR connectors for long-
term integrity.
WARNING: Route and secure sensor cables away from
hot surfaces, high voltage lines, and moving
components.
2K sensor shown

Page 18 / SD-324M
APPENDIX J - Modbus Memory Map
REGISTER ADDRESS/DESCRIPTION RANGE
Read Coils (0x01) 0. Manual Valve Enabled Flag 0 = Disabled
1 = Enabled
1. Manual Valve Duration Enabled Flag 0 = Disabled
1 = Enabled
Read Holding Register
(0x03)
0. Superheat Setpoint 5 to 45°F (2.7 to 25.0°C)
1. Refrigerant Type 0 = R-22
1 = R-134A
2 = R-402A
3 = R-404A
4 = R-407A
5 = R-407C
6 = R-410A
7 = R-417A
8 = R-422A
9 = R-422D
10 = R-507A
11 = R-744
12 = R-245FA
13 = R-E5
14 = R-438A
15 = R-401B
16 = R-408A
17 = R-508A
18 = R-508B
2. Delay On Relay 0 to 60 seconds
3. Delay Off Relay 0 to 60 seconds
4. Delay Steps 0 to 100% open
5. Low Operating Pressure 0 to 150 psi (0 to 13.34 Bar)
6. Maximum Operating Pressure 0 to 150 psi (0 to 13.34 Bar)
7. Temperature Cut-in -60 to 125°F (-51 to 51.7°C)
8. Temperature Cut-out -60 to 125°F (-51 to 51.7°C)
9. Valve Maximum 0 to 100%
10. Supermarket Mode 1=On, 0=Off
8. Proportional Coefficient 0 to 18 if Supermarket Mode is On
0 to 50 if Supermarket Mode is Off
9. Integral Coefficient 0 to 24 if Supermarket Mode is On
0 to 100 if Supermarket Mode is Off
13. Derivative Coefficient 0 to 4 if Supermarket Mode is On
0 to 50 if Supermarket Mode is Off
14. Valve Type 0 = 1596
1 = 3193
2 = 2500
3 = 6386
4 = 400
15. Manual Valve Position 0 to 100.0% Open
16. Modbus Network Address 1 to 255
17. Pressure Units 0 = PSI
1 = BAR
18. Temperature Units 0 = FAHR
1 = CELS
19. Pressure Sensor Type 0 = ABSL
1 = GauG

SD-324M / Page 19
APPENDIX J - Modbus Memory Map (continued)
REGISTER ADDRESS/DESCRIPTION RANGE
Read Holding Register
(0x03)
20. Pressure Calibration Offset -5 to 5 PSI (-0.34 to 0.34 Bar)
21. Suction Temperature Calibration Offset -5 to 5°F (-2.8 to 2.8°C)
22. Room Temperature Calibration Offset -5 to 5°F (-2.8 to 2.8°C)
23. Auxiliary Temperature 1 Calibration Offset -5 to 5°F (-2.8 to 2.8°C)
24. Pressure Range 0 = Auto (based of refrigerant)
1 = 150 PSI
2 = 300 PSI
3 = 500 PSI
25. Bleed Port Percent Open of Valve 0 to 150 (0 to 15 percent)
26. Bleed Delay Time 0 to 9999 seconds
27. Controller Display Address 0 to 99
28. Temperature Sensor Type 0 = 3K thermistor
1 = 2K thermistor
29. Auxillary Temp 2 Calibration Offset -5 to 5°F (-2.8 to 2.8°C)
30. Superheat Control Deadband 1 or 2 deg F (.6 or 1.1°C)
31. Minimum Relay On Time 0 to 10 minutes
32. Minimum Relay Off Time 0 to 10 minutes
Read Input Registers
(0x04)
0. Superheat 0 to 165°F (0 to 91.6°C)
1. Suction Pressure Depends on Pressure Sensor Range and Type
-15 to 500 PSI (-1.01 to 34.47 Bar) Maximum Range
2. Saturation Temperature -60 to 150°F (-51.1 to 65.6°C)
3. Suction Temperature -60 to 150°F (-51.1 to 65.6°C)
4. Room Temperature -60 to 150°F (-51.1 to 65.6°C)
5. Valve Position (% of Max. Stroke) 0 to 100.0% Open
6. Auxiliary Temperature 1 -60 to 150°F (-51.1 to 65.6°C)
7. Relay Status 0 = de-energized, 1 = energized
8. Alarm Status If Bit set then alarm is active:
Bit 0 = Pressure Sensor Failure Alarm
Bit 1 = Suction Temperature Sensor Failure Alarm
Bit 2 = Low Superheat Alarm
Bit 3 = High Superheat Alarm
9. System State If Bit set then mode is active:
Bit 1 = Setup Mode
Bit 2 = Off Cycle
Bit 3 = Cooling Cycle
Bit 4 = Pump-down Cycle
Bit 5 = Manual Valve Override Mode
10. Firmware Revision Controller Firmware revision
11. Auxiliary Temperature 2 -60 to 150°F (-51.1 to 65.6°C)
Write Single Coil (0x05) 0. Manual Valve Enabled Flag 0 = Disabled, 1 = Enabled Other coils are read-only
Write Single Register
(0x06)
Same as above. The max number of registers written at a time is 1.
The limits are listed under ‘Read Holding Register’.

Page 20 / SD-324M
APPENDIX K - 2k Temperature Sensor Specs
°C °F RANGE VDC
-51.1 -60 4.375 - 4.555
-50.6 -59 4.361 - 4.539
-50.0 -58 4.345 - 4.524
-49.4 -57 4.330 - 4.508
-48.9 -56 4.314 - 4.492
-48.3 -55 4.299 - 4.475
-47.8 -54 4.282 - 4.458
-47.2 -53 4.266 - 4.441
-46.7 -52 4.249 - 4.423
-46.1 -51 4.232 - 4.406
-45.6 -50 4.214 - 4.387
-45.0 -49 4.196 - 4.369
-44.4 -48 4.178 - 4.350
-43.9 -47 4.160 - 4.331
-43.3 -46 4.141 - 4.311
-42.8 -45 4.122 - 4.291
-42.2 -44 4.102 - 4.271
-41.7 -43 4.083 - 4.251
-41.1 -42 4.063 - 4.230
-40.6 -41 4.042 - 4.209
-40.0 -40 4.022 - 4.187
-39.4 -39 4.001 - 4.165
-38.9 -38 3.979 - 4.143
-38.3 -37 3.958 - 4.121
-37.8 -36 3.936 - 4.098
-37.2 -35 3.914 - 4.075
-36.7 -34 3.891 - 4.052
-36.1 -33 3.868 - 4.028
-35.6 -32 3.845 - 4.004
-35.0 -31 3.822 - 3.980
-34.4 -30 3.798 - 3.955
-33.9 -29 3.774 - 3.930
-33.3 -28 3.750 - 3.905
-32.8 -27 3.726 - 3.880
-32.2 -26 3.701 - 3.854
-31.7 -25 3.676 - 3.828
-31.1 -24 3.651 - 3.802
-30.6 -23 3.625 - 3.775
-30.0 -22 3.600 - 3.749
-29.4 -21 3.574 - 3.722
-28.9 -20 3.548 - 3.694
°C °F RANGE VDC
-28.3 -19 3.521 - 3.667
-27.8 -18 3.495 - 3.639
-27.2 -17 3.468 - 3.611
-26.7 -16 3.441 - 3.583
-26.1 -15 3.414 - 3.555
-25.6 -14 3.386 - 3.527
-25.0 -13 3.359 - 3.498
-24.4 -12 3.331 - 3.469
-23.9 -11 3.303 - 3.440
-23.3 -10 3.275 - 3.411
-22.8 -9 3.247 - 3.381
-22.2 -8 3.218 - 3.352
-21.7 -7 3.190 - 3.322
-21.1 -6 3.161 - 3.293
-20.6 -5 3.133 - 3.263
-20.0 -4 3.104 - 3.233
-19.4 -3 3.075 - 3.203
-18.9 -2 3.046 - 3.173
-18.3 -1 3.017 - 3.142
-17.8 0 2.988 - 3.112
-17.2 1 2.958 - 3.082
-16.7 2 2.929 - 3.051
-16.1 3 2.900 - 3.021
-15.6 4 2.871 - 2.990
-15.0 5 2.841 - 2.960
-14.4 6 2.812 - 2.929
-13.9 7 2.782 - 2.899
-13.3 8 2.753 - 2.868
-12.8 9 2.724 - 2.837
-12.2 10 2.694 - 2.807
-11.7 11 2.665 - 2.776
-11.1 12 2.636 - 2.746
-10.6 13 2.607 - 2.716
-10.0 14 2.577 - 2.685
-9.4 15 2.548 - 2.655
-8.9 16 2.519 - 2.625
-8.3 17 2.490 - 2.595
-7.8 18 2.462 - 2.565
-7.2 19 2.433 - 2.535
-6.7 20 2.404 - 2.505
-6.1 21 2.376 - 2.475
°C °F RANGE VDC
-5.6 22 2.347 - 2.446
-5.0 23 2.319 - 2.416
-4.4 24 2.291 - 2.387
-3.9 25 2.263 - 2.358
-3.3 26 2.235 - 2.329
-2.8 27 2.207 - 2.300
-2.2 28 2.179 - 2.271
-1.7 29 2.152 - 2.242
-1.1 30 2.125 - 2.214
-0.6 31 2.098 - 2.186
0.0 32 2.071 - 2.158
0.6 33 2.044 - 2.130
1.1 34 2.017 - 2.102
1.7 35 1.991 - 2.075
2.2 36 1.965 - 2.048
2.8 37 1.939 - 2.021
3.3 38 1.913 - 1.994
3.9 39 1.888 - 1.967
4.4 40 1.862 - 1.941
5.0 41 1.837 - 1.915
5.6 42 1.812 - 1.889
6.1 43 1.788 - 1.863
6.7 44 1.763 - 1.837
7.2 45 1.739 - 1.812
7.8 46 1.715 - 1.787
8.3 47 1.691 - 1.763
8.9 48 1.668 - 1.738
9.4 49 1.644 - 1.714
10.0 50 1.621 - 1.690
10.6 51 1.598 - 1.666
11.1 52 1.576 - 1.642
11.7 53 1.554 - 1.619
12.2 54 1.531 - 1.596
12.8 55 1.510 - 1.573
13.3 56 1.488 - 1.551
13.9 57 1.467 - 1.529
14.4 58 1.446 - 1.507
15.0 59 1.425 - 1.485
15.6 60 1.404 - 1.463
16.1 61 1.384 - 1.442
16.7 62 1.363 - 1.421