
3.1
SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS
Safety regulations demand that the set be restored to
its original condition and
that
components
identical
with the original types be used.
Safety components are marked by the symbol A.
-ESD
,,.
~
All IC's and many other semi-conductors are
susceptible to electrostatic discharges (ESD).
Careless handling during repair can reduce life
drastically.
When repairing, make sure that you are connected
with the same potential as the
mass
of
the set via a
wrist
wrap
with resistance.
Keep components and tools also at this potential.
For detailed information see "Handling ESD-sensitive
components".
- A set to be repaired should always be connected to
the mains via a suitable isolating transformer.
-never replace any modules
or
any
other
parts
while
the set is switched on.
-Use plastic instead
of
metal alignment tools. This
in
order to prelude short-circuit
or
to prevent a specific
circuit form being rendered unstable.
3.2 SERVICING OF SMDs (Surface Mounted Devices)
3.2.1 General cautions
on
handling and storage
a.
Oxidation on the SMDs terminals results in
poor
soldering. Do
not
handle
SMDs
with bare hand.
b.
Avoid
for
storage places that are sensitive to
oxidation such as places with
sulfur
or
chlorine gas,
direct sunlight, high temperatures
or
a high degree
of
humidity.
As
a result the capacitance
or
resistance value
of
the
SMDs may be affected.
c.
Rough handling
of
circuit boards containing SMDs
may cause damage to the
components
as well as the
circuit boards. Circuit boards containing
SMDs
should
never be bent
or
flexed. Different circuit board
materials expand and contract at different rates when
heated
or
cooled and the
components
and/or
solder
connections may be damaged due
to
the stress.
Never rub
or
scrape chip
components
as this may
cause the value
of
the component
to
change. Similary,
do
not
slide the circuit board across any surface.
3.2.2 Removal of SMDs
a.
Heat the solder (for 2-3 seconds) at each terminal
of
the chip. Small components can,
by
means
of
litz wire
and a limited horizontal force, be removed with the
soldering iron. They can also be removed with a
solder sucker (see Fig. 1
a)
or
b.
While holding the SMD with a pair
of
tweezers
take it
off gently using th soldering
iron's
heat applied
to
each terminal (see Fig. 1
b).
c.
Remove the excess solder on the solder lands by
means
of
litz wire
or
a solder
sucker
(see Fig. 1
c).
3.2.2.1 Caution
on
removal:
a.
When handling the soldering iron, use suitable
pressure and
be
careful.
b.
When removing the chip,
do
not use undue force with
the pair
of
tweezers.
c.
The soldering iron
to
be
used (approx. 30
W),
must
preferably
be
provided with a thermal control
(soldering temperature about 225
to
250°C).
d The chip, once removed,
must
never be used again.
PCS 67
631
DISMOUNTING
SOLDERING
IRON
~
e g
WELLER
SOLDER
TIP
PT-H7
SOLDERING
OR
IRON~
SOLDER
WICK
\\
4822
3;;-,
40042
~
e g A PAIR OF
TWEEZERS
HEAT~.
t
HEAT
IN:
,.,
,,.,
,,
SOLDERING
IRON
SOLDE'R
WICK,;:~
CLEANING
Fig. 1
3.2.3 Attachment of
SMDs
t,J 757 Ali
C
a.
Locate the
SMD
on the
solder
lands by means
of
tweezers and
solder
the
component
at
one
side.
Ensure
that
the
component
is positioned well on the
solder lands (see Fig. 2a).
b.
Next complete
te
soldering
of
the terminals
of
the
component (see Fig. 2b).
MOUNTING
SOLDER
••
Q 5 ·
05
mm
SOLDERING'\
PRESSURE
IRON
'I..,
\ •
•
:b:===:o
'
SOLDERING
TIME
3 S!:-C
s.~de
SOLDf::R
.• 0
!>
-0 8 rnm
O 768
An
Fig. 2
EXAMPLES
@x(@0$,
8
SOLDERING
~'
43
7-69
An
Fig.
3
3.2.3.1 Caution
on
attachment:
a.
When soldering the SMD terminals,
do
not
touch them
directly with the soldering iron. The soldering
must
be
as quick as possible; care
must
be taken
to
avoid
damage
to
the terminals and the
body
itself.
b.
Keep the
SMD's
body
in
contact with the printed
board when soldering.
c.
The soldering iron to be used (approx. 30
W)
must
preferably be provided with a thermal control
(soldering temperature
about
225 to 250°C).
d. Soldering should
not
be
done
outside the
solder
land.
e.
Soldering
flux
(of rosin)
may
be used but should
not
be acidic.
f.
After soldering, let the
SMD
cool
down
gradually at
room temperature.
g. The quantity
of
solder
must
be proportional with the
size
of
the solder land. If the quantity is
too
great, the
SMD might
crack
or
the
solder
lands
might
be torn
loose from the printed board (see Fig. 3).
3.3 HANDLING ESD-SENSITIVE COMPONENTS
3.3.1 Personal safety
The testing, handling and replacing
of
ESD-sensitve
components requires special attention for personal
safety. A person dealing with ESD-sensitive
components should, normally speaking, be connected
via a resistance to the same potential as the chassis
of the set to protect him against direct contact with
the supply voltage.
This resistance is often applied
in
the connection lead
of
wrist wraps. If necessary, make use
of
an
isolating
transformer.
3.3.2 Storage and transport
Transport and store the circuits and PCBs
in
their
original packages.
As
an
alternative to the original package one may use
a conductive material
or
special
IC
package which
short-circuits all the pins
of
the component with one
another.
Always discharge the package before opening
it
3.3.3 Testing or handling
Work on a conductive surface when testing loose
circuits and components
or
when transferring
components and circuits from one package to
another.
Use a conductive wrist
wrap
with lead to make an
electrical connection between the conductive surface
and yourself via a resistance
in
the connection lead
of
the wrist wrap.
Connect equipment and tools also with this conductive
surface.
Do
not connect any signals
to
inputs as long as the
power supply of the set to be tested is off.
All
the inputs that are
not
used should
be
connected
either
to
ground
or
to the supply voltage. When
testing, do not use any freon sprays for under-cooling
of sensitive components.
3.3.4 Mounting ESD-sensitive components
Mount ESD-sens1tive components only after all other
components have been mounted.
Make sure that the components themselves, the metal
parts
of
the PCB, mounting equipment and mounting
operator are at the same potential level as the chassis
of
the set.
If it is impossible to ground the PCB, the mounting
operator should pick the PCB up before bringing it
into contact with the components
to
be replaced.
Conductive sheet
Special attention should be paid
in
regions having a
dry atmosphere and when the floor
is
covered with a
nylon carpet or such.
Bit
3.3.5 Soldering
Soldering iron tips, also
those
of
low-voltage soldering
stations, should be
kept
at the same potential as the
components and the PCB.
It is better to use solder-removing braid than solder
suckers.
3.3.6 Electrostatic charges
One should stick to the precautionary measures also
after the ESD-sensitive
components
have been
mounted on the PCB. Until the sub-PCBs have been
incorporated into a complete system on which the
correct supply voltages are connected, the PCB
is
nothing
more
than an extension
of
the conductors
of
the
components
on this PCB. To prevent electrostatic
discharges from passing
to
the
components
via the
terminals, we recommend
that
you apply conductive
clips
or
conductive tape on the terminals
of
the PCB.
3.3.7 Transients (switch-on phenomena)
To
prevent permanent
damages
as a result
of
switch-on phenomena. no ESD-sensitive components,
or
PCBs populated with these components, should be
inserted
in
or
removed from test-sockets
or
systems
with the
supply
voltage on.
Prevent switching peeks on the mains as a
consequence
of
switching electric equipment, relay
and
DC
lines on and off.
3.3.8 Working environment
The
work
bench for the service technician should look
like the
one
shown
in
the figure.
3.3.9 Replacement of the Flat Pack IC's
For replacing a component see Fig. 6 Dismounting
and Mounting. Also a
number
of
precautions and
examples is given.
When replacing a flat pack, rosin flux applied to the
device leads will ensur-e a
good
soldered joint.
Since rosin flux, when
not
properly
heated by the
soldering process,
is
sticky, it will attract
dust
which
will result
in
component
degeneration over a period
of
time.
The removal
of
excess flux with a cleaner will
not
solve this problem because the flux is then even
spread over a greater area by the cleaner. Drying of
the flux can
be
accomplished by blowing the area with
a common hair dryer for 1
or
2 minutes at a distance
of
approx. 10 centimeters.
I•
Safety isolating transformer
Wrist wrap