Renesas RL78 Series User manual

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All information contained in these materials, including products and product specifications,
represents information on the product at the time of publication and is subject to change by
Renesas Electronics Corp. without notice. Please review the latest information published by
Renesas Electronics Corp. through various means, including the Renesas Electronics Corp.
website (http://www.renesas.com).
Renesas Demonstration Kit (RDK) for RL78
User’s Manual: Hardware
RENESAS MCU
RL78 Family
Release 1.0

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Disclaimer
ByusingthisRenesasDemonstrationKit(RDK),theuseracceptsthefollowingterms.TheRDKisnotguaranteedtobe
errorfree, and theUser assumes the entire risk as to the resultsandperformanceof the RDK. The RDK is provided by
Renesason an “as is”basis withoutwarrantyof any kind whether express or implied, including butnot limited to the
implied warranties of satisfactoryquality, fitness for a particular purpose, title and non-infringement of intellectual
propertyrightswithregardtotheRDK.Renesasexpresslydisclaimsallsuchwarranties.Renesasoritsaffiliatesshallin
noeventbeliableforanylossofprofit,lossofdata,lossofcontract,lossofbusiness,damagetoreputationorgoodwill,
any economic loss, anyreprogramming or recall costs (whether the foregoing losses are direct or indirect) nor shall
Renesasoritsaffiliatesbeliableforanyotherdirectorindirectspecial,incidentalorconsequentialdamagesarisingout
of or in relationto the use of this RDK,even if Renesasor its affiliateshave been advised of thepossibility of such
damages.
Precautions
This Renesas Demonstration Kit is only intended for use in a laboratory environment underambienttemperature and
humidity conditions. A safe separation distance should be used between this and any sensitive equipment. Its use
outside the laboratory, classroom, study area or similarsuch area invalidates conformity with the protection
requirements ofthe Electromagnetic Compatibility Directive and could lead to prosecution.
The product generates,uses, and can radiate radio frequencyenergy and may cause harmful interferenceto radio
communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this
equipment causes harmful interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the
equipment off or on, you are encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures:
•Ensure attached cables do not lie across the equipment
•Reorient the receiving antenna
•Increasethe distance between the equipmentand the receiver
•Connect the equipment into an outlet ona circuitdifferent from that which the receiver is connected
•Power down the equipmentwhen not in use
•Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help NOTE: It is recommended that wherever
possible shielded interfacecables are used.
Theproductispotentiallysusceptibleto certainEMCphenomena.Tomitigate againstthemitis recommendedthatthe
following measures be undertaken:
•The user is advised that mobile phones should not be used within 10m of the product when in use.
•The useris advised to take ESD precautions when handling the equipment.
TheRenesasDemonstrationKitdoesnotrepresentanidealreferencedesignforanendproductanddoesnotfulfillthe
regulatory standards for an end product.

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Table of Contents
Chapter 1. Preface................................................................................................................ 1
Chapter 2. Purpose............................................................................................................... 2
Chapter 3. Power Supply ...................................................................................................... 5
3.1. Requirements................................................................................................................. 5
3.2. Power–Up Behavior ....................................................................................................... 5
Chapter 4. Board Layout....................................................................................................... 6
4.1. Component Layout......................................................................................................... 6
4.2. Board Dimensions.......................................................................................................... 7
Chapter 5. Block Diagram..................................................................................................... 8
Chapter 6. User Circuitry..................................................................................................... 10
6.1. Switches....................................................................................................................... 10
6.2. Debug LCD Module...................................................................................................... 10
6.3. LEDs ............................................................................................................................ 11
6.4. Serial EPROM.............................................................................................................. 11
6.5. MicroSD Memory Card Slot.......................................................................................... 11
6.6. Audio (Audio Out, Mic, Speaker, Volume Potentiometer)............................................. 12
6.7. Serial port..................................................................................................................... 12
6.8. 3-Axis Accelerometer................................................................................................... 12
6.9. Digital Temp Sensor..................................................................................................... 12
6.10. Potentiometer............................................................................................................. 13
6.11. Infrared Emitter & Detector......................................................................................... 13
6.12. TRIAC ........................................................................................................................ 13

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6.13. FET ............................................................................................................................ 14
6.14. Oscillator Sources...................................................................................................... 14
6.15. Reset Circuit............................................................................................................... 15
6.16. Total Phase Beagle Debug Header............................................................................ 15
Chapter 7. Mode Switch...................................................................................................... 16
Chapter 8. Programming Methods...................................................................................... 17
Chapter 9. Headers............................................................................................................. 18
9.1. PMODTM Interfaces...................................................................................................... 18
9.2. Application Header (WIFI Module) ............................................................................... 18
9.3. Expansion Headers...................................................................................................... 19
Chapter 10. Code Development.......................................................................................... 21
10.1. Overview.................................................................................................................... 21
10.2. Memory Map .............................................................................................................. 22
Chapter 11. Component Placement.................................................................................... 23
Chapter 12. Additional Information...................................................................................... 24
12.1. Hardware Partner Information.................................................................................... 24
Renesas Contact Information.............................................................................................. 33
1.1....................................................................................................................................... 34

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Chapter 1. Preface
Cautions
This document may be, wholly or partially, subject to change without notice.
Allrightsreserved.TheRDKdesign,documentation,anddemosoftwareareintendedtoimproveunderstandingand
time-to-market for RL78-based designs. Duplication of the design, documentation, and demonstration software is
encouraged.
Trademarks
All brandor product namesused in this manual are trademarks orregistered trademarksof their respective
companies or organizations.
Copyright
© 2011 Renesas Electronics America, Inc. All rights reserved.
© 2011 Renesas Electronics Corporation. All rights reserved.
© 2011 Renesas Solutions Corporation. All rights reserved.
© 2011 Renesas Electronics Europe. All rights reserved.
Website: http://www.renesas.com/
Glossary
ADC Analog to Digital Converter
CPU Central Processing Unit
DAC Digitalto Analog Converter
EMC Electromagnetic compatibility
ESD Electrostatic Discharge
I/O Input / Output
LCD Liquid Crystal Display
LED Light Emitting Diode
MCU Microcontroller Unit
NC No Connection
PC Program Counter
PMOD Peripheral Module
RAM Random Access Memory
ROM Read-Only Memory
RDK Renesas Demonstration Kit
SDRAM Synchronous Dynamic Random Access
Memory

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Chapter 2. Purpose
This RDK is an evaluation and demonstration tool for Renesas RL78 low-power microcontrollers. The goal is to provide
the user with a powerful debug and demonstration platform targeted at common applications. A set of human/machine
interfaces are tightlyintegrated withthe featuresof theRL78 and the software demonstration programs providing the
user with an accessible platform to rapidly evaluate and customize.
Target Applications and Features:
Audio
•Stereo audio driver connected to the PWM interface
•Amplified on-board speaker and external audio jack.
•On-board microphone to demonstrate sampling, FFT/FPU capabilities
•Volume Control Potentiometer
User Interface
•Graphical LCD
•User pushbutton switches and a reset switch.
•On-board LEDs
Communications
•RS-232 Interface
•I2C, SPIwith Debug through the Beagle connector from Total Phase
•Application Header to support severalexternal WiFi modules.
•PMOD connectionsto support a variety of generic PMOD devices (WiFi, Bluetooth, RF, and much more).
Memory Storage
•Micro SD card slot
•512KB Serial EEPROM
•512KB On-chip Flash Memory

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Digital Sensors
•3 – Axis Accelerometer
•Temperature Sensor
•Ambient Light Sensor
Power Control
•FET Circuit for DC output
•TRIAC Circuit for AC output
User Code and Application Debugging
•On-board debugger for high-quality source code debugging (TK interface)
•User circuit breadboard area

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Renesas Online
The Renesas RDK online experienceis complementedby the online Renesasecosystem.
•Renesas Interactive: www.RenesasInteractive.com
oFree Online Learning
•Renesas Rulz: www.RenesasRulz.com
oOnline community
oOnline user forums
ohttp://www.renesasrulz.com/community/demoboards/rdkrl78g13 - Online support site for this RDK
•University Program: www.RenesasUniversity.com
oSupport for Professors and Students
oSupport for University Kits (QSKs)
•Renesas Microcontroller Samples (America Customers)
oFree of charge
oRequest directly from www.America.Renesas.com/samples
Developand submit your sample programs to demonstrate these featuresto the online
community: www.RenesasRulz.com/community/renesas_products/rl78

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Chapter 3.Power Supply
3.1. Requirements
This RDK getsits power from the debugger mini USB connection or optionally from a regulated 5V power supply. The
optionalpowerjackisacenterpositiveconnectorusinga2.1mmbarrel.Analternatepowerheaderislocatednexttothe
power jack (J5).
The RDK PCB can also be loaded with an optional 5.5V super cap (C73), part number EEC-S0HD334H.
Warning: The RDK is neither under nor over-voltage protected. Use a 5V REGULATED center positive supply.
3.2. Power–Up Behavior
When the RDK ispurchased it hasthe Theremin Demo pre-programmed into the Renesas microcontroller. The code
exercises the user LCD, Speaker andAccelerometer on the RDK. The LCDpowers up withX and Y axis lines on the
LCD. Switch 3 turns the speaker ON. The program takes samples from the accelerometer and changes the tone
frequency and volume of the speaker asthe board is tilted left, right, front, and back. The name of the factory demo
project is “RL78Theremin”.

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Chapter 4. Board Layout
4.1. Component Layout
The following diagram shows the top layer component layout.
Figure 4-1: Board Layout

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4.2. Board Dimensions
The following diagram gives the board dimensions (5.1”x5.1”) and connector locations. All through hole connectors are on a common 0.1” grid
for easy interfacing.
Figure 4-2: Board Dimensions

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Chapter 5. Block Diagram
Figure 5-1 shows the CPU board components and their connectivity.
Figure 5-1: Block Diagram

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Figure 5-2 shows host PC connection to the RDK board.
Figure 5-2: RDK Connections

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Chapter 6. User Circuitry
6.1. Switches
There are four switches located on the RDK board. The function ofeach switch and its connection are shownin Table
6-1.
Switch Function RL78
SWITCH 1 Connects to an interrupt line for user controls. INTP0, P137 (pin 9)
SWITCH 2 Connects to an interrupt line for user controls. INTP1, P50 (pin 33)
SWITCH 3 Connects to an interrupt line for user controls. INTP2, P51 (pin 34)
RESET When pressed, the RL78 is reset. /RESET , (pin 6)
Table 6-1: Switch Functions
6.2.Debug LCD Module
AdebugLCDmoduleissuppliedontheRDK.ThedebugLCDmoduleusesanSPIinterfacetoreducethepinallocation.
Softwarecontrastcontrol is also provided. The modulesupplied with the RDK uses 3.3v. The display is a 96 x64
graphicsdisplayandusesawhiteLEDbacklight. Thebacklightisonby defaultandcanbetoggledOFFbysettingP70
(BL-ENA) low. Notethereisa footprint,LCD1,fora 2 x8characterdisplay. Thisdisplayis not populated– but canbe
usedinastandard4bitnibbleconfigurationifdesired. Table 6-2showsthepinallocationandsignalnamesusedforthe
graphics LCD connector.
Pin Circuit Net Name RL78 Pin Circuit Net Name RL78
1 +5V Backlight Positive Anode - 2 GND -
3 GND - 4 GND -
5 GND - 6 LCD-CS P10 (pin 46)
7 RSTOUT# P130 (pin 57) 8 LCD-RS P15 (pin 41)
9 +3.3V - 10 +3.3V -
11 SCK P04 (pin 58) 12 MOSI P02 (pin 60)
13 MOSI P02 (pin 60) 14 MOSI P02 (pin 60)
15 +3.3V - 16 +3.3V -
17 +3.3V - 18 +3.3V -
19 GND - 20 +3.3V -
Table 6-2: Debug LCD Module Connections (J8)

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6.3. LEDs
There are eight LEDs on the RDK board. The green 5V (LED10) and 3V (LED9) LEDs are ON automatically when the
board ispowered. Thereare six user LEDs (see table 6-3) that are connected to IO portsand willlight when their
corresponding port pin is set low. Table 6-3, below, shows the user LED pin references and their corresponding
microcontroller port pin connections.
Circuit Net Name Function Color RL78
LED1 User Controlled Red P55 (pin 38)
LED2 User Controlled Red P62 (pin 19)
LED3 User Controlled Red P63 (pin 20)
LED4 User Controlled Green P52 (pin 35)
LED5 User Controlled Green P53 (pin 36)
LED6 User Controlled Green P54 (pin 37)
LED7 FET Green N/A
LED8 TRIAC Green N/A
LED9 3.3V Green N/A
LED10 5V Green N/A
Table 6-3: LEDs
6.4. Serial EPROM
A Renesas serial EPROM is provided for user non-volatile storage. This part, R1EX24512ASAAS0A, is 512KB and is
accessed by the I2C Bus (IICA0) with the following address with 17 bits:
I2C Address: 0xA0 (1010aaxr) aa = A2:A1 I2C address
x = A16 of memory address
r = R/W, Read/Write.
6.5. MicroSD Memory Card Slot
A MicroSD memory card slot is provided forfile systemdata storage. This is accessed on the SPI bus(CSI10) using
chip select P30 (pin 32) on the RL78.

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6.6. Audio (Audio Out, Mic, Speaker, Volume Potentiometer)
An amplified stereo audio output jackis provided and connected to the timer circuit. TO01 is used for Right audio
channel and comes out on CPU pin 40. TO02 is usedfor the Left audio channel and comes out on CPUpin 39. The
stereo amp is powered by a National Semi LM4808. The on-board speaker is powered bya LM4889 audio power
amplifier which can be disabled by setting P42 low. An on-board Analog Devices Inc. (ADI) Silicon microphone
(ADMP401) is connected to the ADCchannel AN5 (CPU pin 51) usingan ADI SSM2167 low voltage Microphone
preamplifier.
6.7. Serial port
The Serial moduleallows the MCU to communicate to aHost PC through the RS-232 connector, J14, using UART0 on
theRL78.TheserialportisconfiguredinDCEmodeallowingdirectconnectiontoaPCwithoutaNullmodem.Theserial
module can also be usedas a serial debug port. Table 6-4 contains details of the specific pin functions and their
locations.
Description Function MCU Pin Connector Pin
TxD0 Serial Transmission Pin 44 J14.2
RxD0 Serial Reception Pin 45 J14.3
Table 6-4: Serial port pin details
6.8. 3-Axis Accelerometer
The RDK includes an Analog Devices ADXL345 3–axis accelerometer. The part is accessed by the I2C Bus (IICA0)
with the following address:
I2C Address: 0x3A (0011101r) where r = R/W
6.9. Digital Temp Sensor
The RDK includes an ADT7420 Digital Temperature Sensor. The part is accessed by the I2CBus (IICA0) with the
following address:
I2C Address: 0x90 (10010aar) where aa = A1:A0, r = R/Wn

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6.10. Potentiometer
AsingleturnpotentiometerisconnectedtotheADCchannelAN4(CPUpin52)ofthemicrocontroller. Thismaybeused
to vary the inputanalog voltage valueto this pinbetween 3V3A and Ground.
Note: The potentiometeris fitted to offer an easy wayof supplying a variableanalog input tothe controller. It does not
necessarily reflect the accuracy ofthe controllers ADC. Please see the device manual for details.
6.11. Infrared Emitter & Detector
An infrared emitter (IR-LED,part TSKS5400S)and infrared detector (IR-DET, part TSOP98238) are included on the
RDK. TheIRemitterisdesignedtousetheburstcapabilitiesoftheRL78Clock/BuzzerOutput(PCLBUZ0)andisoutput
onCPUpin64. TheIRdetectorcanbe usedwitheithertheTI03orINTP4interfacesontheRL78todetectIRburstson
CPU pin 21.
Note: TheseIRemitterandIRdetectorarepositionedclosetogetherontheboard.Thedetectorwillreceivetheoutputof
the emitter.
6.12. TRIAC
ARenesasTriac,Q2(Partnumber:BCR3AS-12A)designedforlowpoweruseisincludedontheRDK.TheTriaccanbe
turned ON by an I/O pin of the CPU to control an AC load. The Triac connections are to be in series with a low-voltage
AC source (48VACRMS Maximum)and a load at J3 between 1 &3,as shown inthe schematic below. It canturn the
load ONand OFF but is not intended fordimming orproportional (phase) control. When the MCU pin 30 is setto HIGH,
the transistor Q6 is turned on, which turnson the input of the opto-coupler. The opto-coupler output allows current to
flow to the Gate of Q2. Resistor R10, 360 ohm, limits current to the Triac Gate. When the load is turned ON, as MCU
Pin 30 is set to HIGH, LED8will turn on at the same time.
The below is an example of a connection diagram when a light bulbis connected as a load.
Note: DO NOT USE LINE VOLTAGE! For safety, an isolation transformer is required.

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6.13. FET
A Renesas N-channel power switching MOSFET (part number: RQKD609CQDQS) Q7 with low on resistance (Rds(ON)
= 78mOHM typ.) is included on the RDK. The MOSFET will switch a load (ON/OFF) connected between headerJ2-5&6
and J2-3&4. The power to the MOSFET is supplied from external source from header J2-1&2 (ground or negative) to
J2-5&6(positive,upto60Vmax). TheMOSFETwillswitchtheloadONorOFFbyPWMwaveformoutputfromtheRL78
timer channel TO05 on CPU pin 31. LED7 will Turn ON when the MOSFET is ON.
A schottky flywheel diode which matches with the MOSFET ratings (2A at 60V) is added to catch flyback currents when
using inductive loads such as small motors. The below isan exampleof connection diagram when external motor or
lamp is connected to the MOSFET.Using PWM can vary the motor speed.
6.14.Oscillator Sources
All crystalsareprovidedbyNDK. The RDK suppliestheRL78withanexternal main system clock crystalunit(X1), part
numberNX3225GA,andsubsystemclockcrystalunit(X2),partnumberNX3215SA.TheTKdebuggerhasaUSBclock
crystal unit (X3), partnumber NX3225SA. Table 6-5 details the crystals thatare fitted on the RL78 RDK.
Component Function Frequency
Crystal (X1) Main System Clock (X1) 12 MHz
Crystal (X2) Subsystem Clock (XT1) 32.768 KHz
Crystal (X3) Debugger USB Clock 16 MHz
Table 6-5: Oscillators / Resonators

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6.15. Reset Circuit
The RDK includesa user reset pushbutton switch which is connected to the internal reset circuit on the RX62N(RES#)
and reset inputon the Segger J-Link Debugger (TRESin). The RX62N (RES#) can also be reset by the debugger
(TRESout).
There isa peripheral reset control lineconnected to PC2 (pin 49) on the RX62N which can beused to reset major
peripherals at once. This includes the Ethernet PHY, Beagle Port, Application Header, and Debug LCD.
6.16.Total Phase Beagle Debug Header
TheBeagleI2C/SPIProtocolAnalyzerisanon-intrusive USB-basedbusmonitorthatcan capture,display,and filterI2C
and SPI data asit appearson the bus. Using boththeData Center Softwareand Beagle analyzer, users caneasily view
I2C bus traffic (up to 4 MHz) and SPI bus traffic (up to 24 MHz) in real time.Additional functionality allowsengineers to
filterdataagainstawidevarietyofparameters,orinstantlysearchforspecifichexadecimalorASCIIdatapatternsduring
a live capture. TheBeagleanalyzer isfully supported on Windows, Linux,and MacOS X,and comes with free software,
free APIs, free technical support,and free software/firmware upgrades.
TotalPhasemanufacturespowerfulandaffordableUSB,I2C,SPI,andCANtoolsforembeddedsystemsengineers.The
completelineofTotalPhasehostadaptersandprotocolanalyzersarethedevelopmentanddebuggingtoolsofchoicefor
Fortune500 companies, small businesses,and research institutions all over the world.
For more technical information, online demos, and ordering information, visit www.totalphase.com.

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Chapter 7. Mode Switch
ThisRDKhasan on-boardmodulewith4 switches(SW5)for controllingTKMUXSelect,TKMUXDisable,andSpeaker
Enable. Table 7-1 below shows common settings for SW5.
Mode TK MUX Select TK MUX Disable Speaker Enable SW5.4
Run ON ON ON ON
Debug ON OFF ON ON
Virtual COM OFF OFF ON ON
Table 7-1: Common Mode Configurations
TK MUX Select (SW5.1)
•ON sets the USB connection (J16) for debugging purposes.
•OFF sets the USB connection (J16) as a virtual communication port.
TK MUX Disable (SW5.2)
•ON disables the TK debugger and puts the RL78 in normal operation.
•OFF enables the TKdebuggerand puts the RL78 in debug operation.
The Speaker Enable (SW5.3)
•ON – enables the on-board speaker
•OFF – disables the on-board speaker
SW5.4 is not used.