RKI Instruments NP-204 User manual

INSTRUCTION MANUAL
Model NP-204
PORTABLE METHANE GAS DETECTOR
The accompanying instrument is sold and serviced in the USA by RKI Instruments, Inc. Please contact
RKI Instrumentsfor any follow up service needs, including questions, warranty issues, repairs, and spare
parts and sensors. Thank you for selecting this fine instrument for your use. With proper care and
maintenance, it will provide you with many.

NP-204 RKI Instruments, Inc.
Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
DESCRIPTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
COMPONENTSANDCONTROLS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Case . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Sensors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Control Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Switches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Buzzers and Earphone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Battery Compartment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Circuit Boards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
OPERATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Preparation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Alarms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Safety Self-Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Emergency Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
CALIBRATION AND MAINTENANCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Calibration Supplies and Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Calibration Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Sensor Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
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INTRODUCTION
The Model NP-204 is a proven gas detection instrument, in use internationally for detection of natural
gas levels over the full range of concentrations. The NP-204 is compact, easy to use, and offers the
following features:
•Battery operated, the NP-204 can use either alkaline or Ni-Cad cells. Batteries are
easily field replaceable.
•The NP-204 detects natural gas over two ranges : 0-5% volume (or optionally 0-
100% LEL), and 0-100% volume.
•Gas levels displayed on an easy to read analog meter.
•Two sensor types are utilized: Platinum catalytic combustion sensors for low levels, and
thermal conductivity sensors for high level detection.
•Sample drawing by use of an aspirator bulb provides quick, positive sampling. A
probe and hose allow sampling from hard to reach locations.
•Ease of operation. Controls easily accessible for user operation and adjustment.
•Vinyl carrying case with shoulder strap provided.
•Extremely rugged construction assures that the instrument will provide years of
troublefree operation.
WARNING
The NP-204 is designed to detect combustible gas levels which could be life threatening. Users
must follow the instructions and warnings in this manual to assure proper and safe operation of the
instrument. Read and understand instruction manual before use.
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DESCRIPTION
The RKI Model NP-204 is a rugged battery operated portable instrument for detection of combustible
gas (methane) levels over a wide range.The two ranges, 0-5% by volume and 0-100% by volume, are
displayed on a built in analog meter. The NP-204 utilizes a rubber aspirator bulb for drawing of a test
sample through a hose and probe. Typical uses are to test for gas levels in wells or pipelines at
landfills, natural gas handling plants, or other natural gas delivery systems.
The NP-204 is rugged and compact, and is supplied with a padded vinyl carrying case with shoulder
strap for easy transporting. The NP-204 is easy to adjust and maintain, with user-replaceable
batteries and sensors.
COMPONENTS AND CONTROLS
Case
The NP-204 has a cast aluminum housing that is durable and shock-resistant. The sensors are housed
inside the instrument in a sample chamber. The “lift to turn” protected controls are located on the top
face of the unit, along with the analog meter readout. The carrying case has openings for connection of
the sample inlet tube and aspirator type sample bulb, and the top flap of the case folds back during use
to provide access to the controls and meter. The case includes shoulder strap loops and a strap.
Sensors
The sensors are mounted inside the instrument to a flow chamber that sample flow passes through when
the aspirator bulb is squeezed.
Combustible Gas Sensor (0-5% range, or 0-100% LEL range).
The combustible gas (LEL) sensor consists of a filament set and wires. The filaments are
inserted and attached to the internal flow chamber. The flow chamber brings the sample gas
to the filaments when the aspirator bulb is squeezed. The chamber contains a flame arrestor
to prevent ignition of sampled flammable gases or vapors from exiting the instrument to the
surrounding atmosphere or to the sample line.
Combustible Gas Sensor - Principle of Operation
The LEL sensor is a platinum-coated resistive element, with a sealed, electrically identical
reference element, to compensate for temperature variations and other environmental
factors. The active elements are housed in a sintered stainless steel flame arrestor that
permits the atmosphere to diffuse inward, but prevents flame from passing outward when an
explosive atmosphere is encountered. The two elements form half of a balanced Wheatstone
Bridge. When voltage is applied to the elements, combustible gas in the atmosphere catalyzes
on the platinum coating, raising the temperature and changing the resistance of the element,
causing an imbalance in the Wheatstone Bridge. The imbalance is measured by the circuitry
of the NP-204 and converted to a measurement of gas concentration.
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100% Volume Gas Sensor
The Volume Percent Gas sensor also consists of a filament set and wires. The filaments are
similar to the LEL sensors in that they are inserted and attached to the internal, flame
arrestor protected flow chamber. The flow chamber brings the sample gas to the filaments
when the aspirator bulb is squeezed.
100% Volume gas sensor - Principle of Operation
The 100% Volume gas sensor is a Thermal Conductivity (TC) type of sensor. It consists of
two electrically identical TC elements. The active element is placed in the sample chamber
in the gas stream, and the reference element is placed outside of the gas stream. The two
elements form half of a balanced Wheatstone Bridge. When voltage is applied to the elements,
the elements heat up. “Thermal conductivity” is a measurement of the rate a gas can carry
heat away from a hot object. High levels of natural gas (methane) in the sample stream
carry heat away from the hot reference element in the gas stream faster than heat transfers
from the reference element which is surrounded by air. This causes a difference in
temperature between the active and reference elements, which causes a difference in the
electrical resistance of the elements. This causes an imbalance in the Wheatstone Bridge
circuit. The imbalance is measured by the circuitry of the NP-204 and converted to a
measurement of the % Gas concentration.
Control Panel
The control panel is at the top of the instrument for easy access when the NP-204 is carried. It
contains the display, range lights, and switches that control the functions of the NP-204. The switches
are “lift to turn” type knobs, to reduce the possibility of accidental turning.
Switches
1. RANGE SWITCH
The range switch has the following selections:
OFF This position turns the power off to the
instrument.
VOLT ADJ. This position is used to set the proper
voltage for the detector elements (used in
conjunction with the “VOLT ADJ.”
potentiometer).
LThis position selects the LOW range (0-5%
gas by volume or 0-100% LEL ranges).
When the switch is in the “L” position the
instrument will detect and display the low
range only.
HThis position selects the HIGH range (0-
100% gas by volume range). When the
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switch is in this position the instrument
will detect and display the high range only.
2. ZERO ADJ.
This adjustment is used to Zero the reading for the LOW range. This is generally done
before each use of the instrument. (The zero adjustment for the % gas range only
rarely needs adjustment, so is not externally adjustable).
3. VOLT ADJ.
This adjustment is used to set the voltage for the detectors. When the “RANGE” switch
is in the “Volt Adj.” position, this knob can be turned to bring the meter reading to
match the red “V” line, which sets the detector voltage to the proper level.
4. LIGHTS
LWhen this light is lit, it indicates that the
instrument is turned on and that the LOW
range sensor is energized.
HThis light indicates that the HIGH range
sensor is energized.
5. Meter Mechanical Zero
Located centered directly below the meter, this adjustment is used if necessary to
adjust the meter Mechanical Zero while the power is turned off to the instrument.
Battery Compartment
The NP-204 battery compartment is located on the bottom of the instrument. It has a removable panel
for easy replacement of the batteries. The panel is held in place by one screw located on the bottom of
the instrument.
The NP-204 uses two “D” size cells; alkaline batteries will run the NP-204 for approximately 5
hours, rechargeable nickel-cadmium batteries will run for approximately 4 hours. (Rechargeable
batteries must be removed from the NP-204 and charged separately.)
Circuit Boards
The NP-204 has one circuit board. The circuit board contains the screw connectors for the replaceable
detectors, adjustment potentiometers for High range Zero and Span and for Low range span, and wiring
to the external switches and adjustments. The circuit board is internally mounted directly to the back of
the meter.
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OPERATION
Preparation
Normally the NP-204 requires very little preparation before use. Before using the instrument, follow
the steps listed below:
Start-up
1. Mechanical Zero
Before turning the instrument on, set it on a flat surface and verify that the meter
reading is exactly on zero. If necessary, turn the Mechanical Zero adjustment to bring
the reading to zero. The mechanical zero adjustment is located centered directly
underneath the meter.
2. Battery Check
Turn the range switch to the VOLT ADJ. position. Lift and turn the VOLT ADJ. knob to
bring the meter reading exactly to the red ”Volt Check” line indicated on the meter by
a red “V” and line near the top of the scale. Turning clockwise will increase the voltage
reading.
If you are unable to adjust to the voltage up the red “volt Check” line, replace or
recharge batteries before use. Do not attempt to use the instrument if the
voltage cannot be set high enough.
3. Flow System
Attach the hose to the inlet fitting on the left hand side of the instrument, and the
sample probe to the end of the hose. Assure that the hose and probe fittings are secure.
Close off the inlet to probe with finger, and squeeze aspirator bulb. Bulb should remain
collapsed while probe inlet is sealed off with finger. If not, re-check hose and probe
fittings and re-tighten if necessary.
With probe inlet sampling from fresh air, squeeze aspirator bulb 5 times to flush out
any remaining gas from the instrument and sample line.
4. Zero (Low range)
Turn range selector switch to “L”. Lift and turn the ZERO ADJ. knob to bring the meter
reading to exactly zero. If unable to adjust to zero, filaments may need to be replaced
or sample system may not be fully flushed with fresh air.
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5. Verify Response (Low Range)
To verify detection of combustibles use a controlled source of flammable vapor, for
example a bottle of isopropyl alcohol. For accurate testing of calibration, use a known
calibrating gas source, such as 50% LEL methane. (See calibration section of this
manual for calibrating instructions).
After verifying response, squeeze the aspirator bulb 5 times again to flush fresh air
through the system.
Caution
Do not use gas from a cigarette lighter to test response to combustibles. Do not use a gasoline
container or tank to verify response. Exposing the sensor to uncontrolled high concentrations of
gas in this manner will reduce response and sensor life.
WARNING
If the NP-204 does not respond to these verifications, take it to a known “fresh-air” environment,
Sample the fresh air and Re-Zero the unit. Repeat the “Verify Response” procedure before using the
NP-204 in a potentially hazardous location. Do not attempt to use the instrument unless the
response is verified.
6. Zero (High range)
Turn the range selector switch to the “H” (High) position. Allow a few seconds for
instrument to warm up, and verify the reading is exactly on zero. If it is not on Zero,
adjust the reading to zero using the internal adjustment before using the instrument.
Refer to the “Internal Adjustments” section of this manual for instructions on how to
adjust the High range zero.
7. After the above steps are successfully completed, the instrument is ready to take to the
job site and use. It may be turned off until needed. When using, refer to the Normal
Operation section of this manual below.
Normal Operation
The NP-204 can now be used to check atmospheres for gas levels. Before each sample is taken, the user
should follow the following steps:
1. Turn unit on to Volt Adj., and adjust voltage to the red Volt Check line on the meter,
using the Volt Adjust knob.
2. Turn Range switch to “L” position, and adjust the Zero to be exactly zero using the
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Zero Adj. knob.
3. Generally, when testing an unknown space or sample, it is recommended to have
the range selector switch in the H position. This helps to extend the life of the
Low range sensor by not stressing it with exposures to very high concentrations.
4. Attach hose and probe and check for leaks by holding finger over
probe inlet while squeezing aspirator bulb. Bulb should remain
collapsed if there are no leaks in the system.
5. Insert probe into the space or atmosphere to be tested, and squeeze aspirator bulb
4 to 5 times. Watch meter and observe the maximum reading.
If reading is very low, and range selector switch is on the “H” position, remove probe
from test space and place in fresh air, squeeze bulb 5 times, then repeat steps 2 and 5
above.
6. When test is completed, remove probe from the test space and place in fresh air.
Squeeze bulb 5 times to flush any test vapors out of the system, and turn instrument
off.
WARNING
If repeated tests are to be taken, it is necessary to periodically verify the battery voltage is
properly set (to the red Voltage Check line). If the voltage is not set properly, the instrument may
not provide correct readings.
Alarms
The NP-204 contains no audible or visual alarms.
CALIBRATION AND MAINTENANCE
The NP-204 requires only a few user adjustments. These are the zero and span for the low range and
high range sensors. The Low range span should be checked periodically ( preferably every use for
critical applications). The high range span needs to be checked only when the sensor is replaced.
The sensors need to be replaced if the span cannot be set to read the proper value, or if they cannot be
set to read Zero with the appropriate zero adjustment.
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Calibration Supplies and Equipment
To adjust the NP-204, you will need the following supplies and equipment, some of which is available
in an RKI Calibration Kit:
•Known calibrating sample of 2.5% Volume (50% LEL) natural gas (methane) in air.
•Aflowmeter with a range of 0 - 1.0 lpm (0-2.0 SCFH).
•Acontrol valve for the cylinder, and a tubing length to connect the gas to the NP-204.
•Asource of 100% natural gas or methane.
All the above items except the 100% natural gas source are available from RKI in a test kit. The 100%
natural gas source can be obtained by bleeding off a sample from a gas company, as piped to homes for
stoves or furnaces.
Calibration Procedure
Combustibles Span (Low range span)
1. Take the NP-204 to a non-hazardous environment before calibrating.
2. Loosen the two large screws on the top of the instrument, and separate the top
half of the case from the bottom case. Locate the potentiometer on the PCB marked
“SPAN (L)”
3. Turn the instrument on to “VOLT ADJ.”, and adjust the voltage to the red Volt
Check line near the top of the meter. Turn the Range switch to “L”, allow two
minutes warm-up, and then Zero the reading using the external zero adjustment.
4. Connect the hose and probe onto the instrument, and connect the span gas tubing
to the probe tube.
5. Open the valve connected to the 50% LEL Methane span gas cylinder, and,
verifying flow with flowmeter, flow about 0.5 lpm through instrument.
6. Adjust the SPAN (L) potentiometer if necessary to match the meter reading to
the span gas concentration. Turning the potentiometer clockwise increases the
reading.
Note
The combustible gas sensor is a general hydrocarbon sensor that responds to most flammable vapors
and gases; the response will vary depending upon the substance. See Appendix A for Relative
Response Curves for common gases and vapors, relative to a methane calibration.
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Caution
The combustibles measurement (low range) is flow-sensitive. Use a flowmeter and set the flow rate
to 0.8 SCFH (0.4 l/m).
7. Remove the span gas tubing from the probe, and place the probe in fresh air.
Squeeze the bulb 5 times to expose the sensor to fresh air, and then verify that
the combustibles reading returns to zero.
8. Repeat the exposure to the calibrating sample and verify that the combustibles
reading reaches the correct level. Readjust and repeat from step 3 until no
further adjustment is required.
9. If the combustibles reading cannot be set high enough to agree with the
calibrating sample, replace the sensor.
Maintenance
Batteries
1. Check the battery voltage periodically by turning the Range switch to the VOLT
ADJ. position, and verifying that the voltage can be set to the red Volt check line.
Replace the batteries if the voltage cannot be set to the Volt check line.
WARNING
Take the NP-204 to a non-hazardous location before replacing the batteries.
2. The batteries are located in a compartment on the bottom of the case. To replace
the batteries, loosen the screw on the bottom of the case, and remove the battery
compartment cover. Remove the batteries and verify that the battery
compartment and electrical contacts are clean. If necessary, use a soft wire
brush to gently clean the compartment and contacts. Insert fresh batteries
(alkaline or fully-charged Ni-Cd) according to the polarity (+/-) markings on
the battery holder diagram, and replace the cover.
Sensor Maintenance
Combustibles sensor (Low range sensor) life is generally related to usage, but certain environmental
factors may affect duration. Exposure to high concentrations (above 5% volume) will reduce the life of
the low range sensor. The Thermal conductivity sensor (High range sensor, or TC sensor), is an
extremely stable sensor that generally will last for several years. However, if liquid is drawn into the
instrument, both sensors could be ruined.
If a sensor requires replacement, call RKI or your local distributor.
Low Range Sensor
Replace the low range sensor filaments when:
1. The low range cannot be calibrated correctly.
2. The low range cannot be set to zero after warmup using the external ZERO ADJ.
knob.
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High Range sensor
Replace the high range sensor filaments when:
1. The High range cannot be calibrated correctly.
2. The high range cannot be set to zero after warmup using the internal ZERO (H)
potentiometer.
Sensor Replacement
1. Take the NP-204 to a non-hazardous location and turn the power off.
2. Remove the instrument from the carrying case.
3. Loosen the two large screws on the top face of the instrument, lift the top half of
the case away from the bottom case, and lay the top case upside down on the
workbench.
4. Locate the sensor/chamber block assembly. It is a rectangular shaped block in
the case corner right next to the inlet fitting. The sensor filament sets are each
held in place by a U shaped bracket and two screws. Filament sets have colored
wires soldered to their rear posts, and these wires are connected to screw
terminals on the circuit board.
5. To replace individual sensors, proceed as follows:
Low range sensor
A. The low range sensor has wire colors of Black, Red, and White. Loosen
(but do not remove) the screws on the circuit board holding these
wires (terminals T1, T2, and T3) and remove the wires.
B. Remove the two screws holding the U shaped bracket which secures
the Low range sensor filaments into the sample chamber. Remove the
bracket and pull the sensor filaments from the chamber.
C. Install the replacement filaments into the chamber. Insure that the
filaments with the black and white wires are installed into the hole
closest to the corner of the instrument. Replace the U shaped bracket
and tighten its two screws securely.
D. Attach the three wires to the terminals on the circuit board, and
tighten the screw terminals securely. Insure that the color coded
wires go to the proper terminals, as indicated by the color wording
printed on the circuit board.
E. After sensor replacement, the instrument must be calibrated on a
known gas sample. Refer to the calibration section of this manual for
calibration instructions.
High range sensor
A. The High range sensor has wire colors of Yellow, Blue, and Red.
Loosen ( but do not remove) the screws on the circuit board holding
these wires (terminals T4, T5, and T6) and remove the wires.
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B. Remove the two screws holding the U shaped bracket which secures
the TC sensor filaments into the sample chamber. Remove the bracket
and pull the sensor filaments from the chamber.
C. Install the replacement filaments into the chamber. Insure that the
filaments with the black and white wires are installed into the hole
closest to the corner of the instrument. Replace the U shaped bracket
and tighten its two screws securely.
D. Attach the three wires to the terminals on the circuit board, and
tighten the screw terminals securely. Insure that the color coded
wires go to the proper terminals, as indicated by the color wording
printed on the circuit board.
E. After sensor replacement, the instrument must be calibrated on a
known gas sample. Refer to the calibration section of this manual for
calibration instructions.
If sensor response is still too low, or is very slow, even after replacement of
sensor filaments, it may be necessary to clean or replace the flame arrestor
assembly.
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