Rohde & Schwarz ZND-K1 User manual

R&S®ZND
Vector Network Analyzers
User Manual
1173955702
Version 63
(;×íÇ2)
Ihr Ansprechpartner /
Your Partner:
dataTec AG
E-Mail: [email protected]
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This manual describes the R&S®ZND (2 ports, 9 kHz to 4.5 GHz, unidirectional, N connectors), order no.
1328.5170K92 and its options.
Hardware Options
●R&S®ZND-B7 "High Output Power", order no. 1338.1578.02
●R&S®ZND-B10 "GPIB Interface", order no. 1328.5358.02
●R&S®ZN-B14 "Handler I/O", order no. 1316.2459.05
●R&S®ZN-B19 "Additional Removable Harddisc", order no. 1326.7760.02
●R&S®ZN-B19 "Additional Removable SSD", order no. 1338.1703.02
Software Options
●R&S®ZND-K1 "Frequency range extension to 8.5 GHz for unidirectional instrument", order no.
1328.5306.02
(not compatible with R&S®ZND-K5 and R&S®ZND-K8)
●R&S®ZND-K2 "Time Domain (TDR)", order no. 1328.5393.02
●R&S®ZND-K3 "Distance to Fault (DTF)", order no. 1328.5393.02
●R&S®ZND-K5 "Bidirectional measurements 9 kHz to 4.5 GHz", order no. 1328.5312.02
(not compatible with R&S®ZND-K1 and R&S®ZND-K6)
●R&S®ZND-K6 "Bidirectional measurements 9 kHz to 8.5 GHz", order no. 1328.5329.02
(requires R&S®ZND-K1; not compatible with R&S®ZND-K5 and R&S®ZND-K8)
●R&S®ZND-K8 "Frequency range extension to 8.5 GHz for bidirectional instrument", order no.
1328.5412.02
(requires R&S®ZND-K5; not compatible with R&S®ZND-K1 and R&S®ZND-K6)
●R&S®ZND-K7 "Extended Power Range", order no. 1328.5335.02
●R&S®ZND-K19 "1 mHz Frequency Resolution", order no. 1326.8089.02
●R&S®ZND-K210 "EAZY De-embedding (EZD) based on IEEE 370", order no. 1328.8670.02
●R&S®ZND-K220 "In-Situ De-embedding (ISD) that covers IEEE 370", order no. 1328.8686.02
●R&S®ZND-K230 "Smart Fixture De-embedding (SFD)", order no. 1328.8692.02
●R&S®ZND-K231 "Delta-L 4.0 PCB characterization", order no. 1328.8705.02
© 2023 Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co. KG
Muehldorfstr. 15, 81671 Muenchen, Germany
Phone: [phone] - 0
Email: [email protected]
Internet: www.rohde-schwarz.com
Subject to change – data without tolerance limits is not binding.
R&S® is a registered trademark of Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co. KG.
Trade names are trademarks of the owners.
1173.9557.02 | Version 63 | R&S®ZND
Throughout this manual, R&S® is abbreviated as R&S.

Contents
R&S®ZND
3User Manual 1173.9557.02 ─ 63
Contents
1 Safety and regulatory information......................................................13
1.1 Safety instructions......................................................................................................13
1.2 Warning messages in the documentation................................................................ 15
1.3 Korea certification class A......................................................................................... 16
2 Welcome to the R&S ZND....................................................................17
2.1 What's new in firmware version 3.50.........................................................................17
2.2 Documentation overview............................................................................................19
2.2.1 Getting started manual..................................................................................................19
2.2.2 User manual and help................................................................................................... 19
2.2.3 Service manual............................................................................................................. 20
2.2.4 Instrument security procedures.....................................................................................20
2.2.5 Printed safety instructions............................................................................................. 20
2.2.6 Data sheets and brochures........................................................................................... 20
2.2.7 Release notes and open source acknowledgment (OSA)............................................ 20
2.2.8 Application notes, application cards, white papers, etc.................................................21
3 Getting started......................................................................................22
3.1 Preparing for use........................................................................................................ 22
3.1.1 Lifting and carrying........................................................................................................22
3.1.2 Unpacking and checking............................................................................................... 22
3.1.3 Choosing the operating site.......................................................................................... 22
3.1.4 Setting up the product................................................................................................... 23
3.1.5 Considerations for test setup........................................................................................ 25
3.1.6 Connecting the analyzer to the AC supply.................................................................... 26
3.1.7 Switching the instrument on and off.............................................................................. 26
3.1.8 Standby and ready state............................................................................................... 27
3.1.9 Windows operating system........................................................................................... 27
3.1.10 Minimizing the VNA application.....................................................................................29
3.1.11 Connecting external accessories.................................................................................. 30
3.2 Instrument tour............................................................................................................32
3.2.1 Front panel.................................................................................................................... 32
3.2.2 Rear panel.....................................................................................................................38

Contents
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3.3 Operating the instrument........................................................................................... 39
3.3.1 Manual operation.......................................................................................................... 39
3.3.2 Control elements of the application window..................................................................44
3.3.3 Working with dialogs..................................................................................................... 50
3.3.4 Handling diagrams, traces, and markers...................................................................... 51
3.3.5 Entering data.................................................................................................................55
3.3.6 Scaling diagrams...........................................................................................................58
3.4 Performing measurements.........................................................................................64
3.4.1 Transmission S-parameter measurement..................................................................... 64
3.4.2 Reflection S-parameter measurement.......................................................................... 71
4 Concepts and features........................................................................ 73
4.1 Basic concepts............................................................................................................73
4.1.1 Global (persistent) settings........................................................................................... 73
4.1.2 Recall sets.....................................................................................................................74
4.1.3 Traces, channels and diagrams.................................................................................... 74
4.1.4 Sweep control............................................................................................................... 76
4.1.5 Data flow....................................................................................................................... 81
4.2 Screen elements..........................................................................................................85
4.2.1 Display elements of a diagram......................................................................................85
4.2.2 Dialogs.......................................................................................................................... 96
4.2.3 Trace formats................................................................................................................ 99
4.3 Measurement results................................................................................................ 107
4.3.1 S-parameters.............................................................................................................. 108
4.3.2 Reference impedances............................................................................................... 109
4.3.3 Impedance parameters................................................................................................111
4.3.4 Admittance parameters............................................................................................... 115
4.3.5 Wave quantities and ratios.......................................................................................... 116
4.3.6 Unbalance-balance conversion................................................................................... 119
4.3.7 Stability factors............................................................................................................124
4.3.8 Group delay.................................................................................................................125
4.4 Operations on traces................................................................................................ 126
4.4.1 Limit check.................................................................................................................. 126
4.4.2 Trace files....................................................................................................................134

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4.4.3 Memory-mapped trace data transfer...........................................................................143
4.5 Calibration................................................................................................................. 145
4.5.1 Calibration types......................................................................................................... 146
4.5.2 Calibration standards and calibration kits................................................................... 157
4.5.3 Calibration pool........................................................................................................... 163
4.5.4 Calibration labels.........................................................................................................163
4.5.5 Automatic calibration...................................................................................................164
4.5.6 Scalar power calibration..............................................................................................176
4.5.7 Parallel calibration of multiple channels...................................................................... 181
4.5.8 Joining calibrations......................................................................................................181
4.6 Offset parameters and de-/embedding................................................................... 182
4.6.1 Offset parameters........................................................................................................182
4.6.2 Embedding and deembedding.................................................................................... 188
4.7 Optional extensions and accessories.....................................................................200
4.7.1 Frequency range extension to 8.5 GHz for unidirectional R&S ZND.......................... 201
4.7.2 Bidirectional measurements 100 kHz to 4.5 GHz for R&S ZND................................. 202
4.7.3 Bidirectional measurements 100 kHz to 8.5 GHz for R&S ZND................................. 202
4.7.4 Frequency range extension to 8.5 GHz for bidirectional R&S ZND............................ 202
4.7.5 Time domain analysis..................................................................................................203
4.7.6 Distance-to-fault measurements................................................................................. 210
4.7.7 Frequency resolution 1 mHz....................................................................................... 212
4.7.8 Eazy de-embedding based on IEEE 370.................................................................... 212
4.7.9 In-situ de-embedding.................................................................................................. 214
4.7.10 Smart fixture de-embedding........................................................................................214
4.7.11 Delta-L 4.0 PCB characterization................................................................................215
4.7.12 Health and usage monitoring service (HUMS)............................................................216
4.7.13 High output power for R&S ZND................................................................................. 217
4.7.14 GPIB interface.............................................................................................................217
4.7.15 Handler I/O (universal interface)................................................................................. 217
4.7.16 Additional removable system drive............................................................................. 218
4.7.17 Extended power range................................................................................................ 218
4.7.18 USB-to-IEC/IEEE adapter........................................................................................... 218
4.7.19 External power meters................................................................................................ 218

Contents
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4.7.20 External switch matrices............................................................................................. 220
4.7.21 External DLLs..............................................................................................................226
4.7.22 R&S ZNXSIM.............................................................................................................. 228
5 GUI reference......................................................................................232
5.1 Function Keys and Softtools................................................................................... 232
5.2 Meas softtool............................................................................................................. 234
5.2.1 S-Params tab.............................................................................................................. 235
5.2.2 Ratios tab.................................................................................................................... 244
5.2.3 Wave tab..................................................................................................................... 247
5.2.4 Z←Sij tab.................................................................................................................... 250
5.2.5 Y←Sij tab.................................................................................................................... 252
5.2.6 Y-Z-Params tab........................................................................................................... 254
5.2.7 Imbal. CMRR tab.........................................................................................................256
5.2.8 Stability tab..................................................................................................................259
5.2.9 Power Sensor tab........................................................................................................260
5.2.10 External DLL tab......................................................................................................... 261
5.3 Format softtool..........................................................................................................266
5.4 Scale softtool.............................................................................................................272
5.4.1 Scale Values tab..........................................................................................................272
5.4.2 Scale Coupling tab...................................................................................................... 274
5.4.3 Zoom tab..................................................................................................................... 275
5.5 Trace Config softtool................................................................................................ 277
5.5.1 Traces tab................................................................................................................... 277
5.5.2 Mem tab...................................................................................................................... 282
5.5.3 All Mem All Data tab....................................................................................................285
5.5.4 Math tab...................................................................................................................... 286
5.5.5 Time Domain tab......................................................................................................... 292
5.5.6 Time Gate tab..............................................................................................................297
5.5.7 Distance to Fault tab................................................................................................... 299
5.5.8 Trace Statistics tab......................................................................................................299
5.5.9 Smooth Shift Hold tab................................................................................................. 305
5.5.10 Infinite Averaging tab...................................................................................................309
5.5.11 Trace Data tab.............................................................................................................309

Contents
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7User Manual 1173.9557.02 ─ 63
5.6 Lines softtool.............................................................................................................318
5.6.1 Limit Test tab............................................................................................................... 318
5.6.2 Ripple Test tab............................................................................................................ 326
5.6.3 Circle Test tab............................................................................................................. 331
5.6.4 Display Circle tab........................................................................................................ 334
5.6.5 Horiz. Line tab............................................................................................................. 335
5.7 Marker softtool.......................................................................................................... 336
5.7.1 Markers tab................................................................................................................. 336
5.7.2 Marker Props tab.........................................................................................................339
5.7.3 Marker Search tab.......................................................................................................341
5.7.4 Multiple Peak tab.........................................................................................................347
5.7.5 Target Search tab........................................................................................................349
5.7.6 Bandfilter tab............................................................................................................... 351
5.7.7 Set by Marker tab........................................................................................................355
5.7.8 Info Field tab............................................................................................................... 357
5.7.9 Marker Coupling tab....................................................................................................357
5.8 Stimulus softtool.......................................................................................................358
5.8.1 Stimulus tab................................................................................................................ 359
5.8.2 Power tab.................................................................................................................... 360
5.8.3 Time Domain tab......................................................................................................... 361
5.9 Power Bw Avg softtool............................................................................................. 363
5.9.1 Power tab.................................................................................................................... 364
5.9.2 Bandwidth tab............................................................................................................. 364
5.9.3 Average tab.................................................................................................................365
5.10 Sweep Softtool.......................................................................................................... 366
5.10.1 Sweep Params tab......................................................................................................366
5.10.2 Sweep Type tab.......................................................................................................... 369
5.10.3 Trigger tab................................................................................................................... 379
5.10.4 Sweep Control tab.......................................................................................................384
5.11 Cal softtool................................................................................................................ 388
5.11.1 Start Cal tab................................................................................................................ 388
5.11.2 Cal Devices tab........................................................................................................... 416
5.11.3 Power Cal Settings tab................................................................................................429

Contents
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8User Manual 1173.9557.02 ─ 63
5.11.4 Use Cal tab................................................................................................................. 436
5.12 Channel Config softtool............................................................................................441
5.12.1 Channels tab............................................................................................................... 442
5.12.2 Port Config tab............................................................................................................ 446
5.12.3 Mode tab..................................................................................................................... 450
5.13 Offset Embed softtool...............................................................................................451
5.13.1 Offset Embed dock widget.......................................................................................... 451
5.13.2 Offset tab.....................................................................................................................461
5.13.3 One Way Loss tab.......................................................................................................467
5.13.4 Single Ended tab.........................................................................................................469
5.13.5 Fixture modeling dialog............................................................................................... 471
5.13.6 Port Sets tab............................................................................................................... 486
5.13.7 Balanced tab............................................................................................................... 488
5.13.8 Ground Loop tab......................................................................................................... 491
5.13.9 Differential Match tab.................................................................................................. 493
5.13.10 Config tab....................................................................................................................495
5.13.11 Deembed Assistant tab............................................................................................... 496
5.13.12 Delta-L tab...................................................................................................................507
5.14 File softtool................................................................................................................514
5.14.1 Recall sets tab.............................................................................................................515
5.14.2 Favorites tab............................................................................................................... 519
5.14.3 Print tab.......................................................................................................................520
5.14.4 Printer Setup dialog.....................................................................................................521
5.14.5 Trace Data tab.............................................................................................................522
5.14.6 More tab...................................................................................................................... 523
5.14.7 Configure Additional Simulation Data dialog...............................................................524
5.15 Applic softtool........................................................................................................... 527
5.15.1 External Tools application........................................................................................... 527
5.15.2 Distance to Fault Application.......................................................................................529
5.16 Display softtool......................................................................................................... 537
5.16.1 Diagram tab.................................................................................................................537
5.16.2 Split tab....................................................................................................................... 540
5.16.3 Config tab....................................................................................................................543

Contents
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9User Manual 1173.9557.02 ─ 63
5.16.4 View Bar tab................................................................................................................550
5.16.5 Touchscreen tab..........................................................................................................551
5.17 Setup softtool............................................................................................................ 552
5.17.1 Setup tab.....................................................................................................................552
5.17.2 Freq. Ref. tab.............................................................................................................. 577
5.17.3 Remote Settings tab....................................................................................................578
5.17.4 External Devices tab................................................................................................... 581
5.17.5 External Ports tab........................................................................................................588
5.18 Help softtool.............................................................................................................. 596
5.19 Additional Function Keys.........................................................................................597
6 Remote control...................................................................................599
6.1 Introduction to remote control.................................................................................599
6.1.1 Starting a remote control session................................................................................600
6.1.2 GPIB Explorer............................................................................................................. 601
6.1.3 Switchover to remote control.......................................................................................602
6.1.4 Combining manual and remote control....................................................................... 605
6.2 Messages................................................................................................................... 606
6.2.1 Device messages (commands and device responses)...............................................606
6.2.2 SCPI command structure and syntax..........................................................................606
6.2.3 SCPI parameters.........................................................................................................610
6.3 Basic remote control concepts................................................................................612
6.3.1 Traces, channels, and diagram areas......................................................................... 612
6.3.2 Active traces in remote control....................................................................................613
6.3.3 Initiating measurements, speed considerations.......................................................... 614
6.3.4 Addressing traces and channels................................................................................. 615
6.4 Command processing.............................................................................................. 616
6.4.1 Input unit..................................................................................................................... 616
6.4.2 Command recognition................................................................................................. 617
6.4.3 Data base and instrument hardware........................................................................... 617
6.4.4 Status reporting system.............................................................................................. 618
6.4.5 Output unit...................................................................................................................618
6.4.6 Command sequence and command synchronization................................................. 618
6.5 Status reporting system........................................................................................... 620

Contents
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10User Manual 1173.9557.02 ─ 63
6.5.1 Overview of status registers........................................................................................621
6.5.2 Structure of a SCPI status register..............................................................................622
6.5.3 Contents of the status registers.................................................................................. 624
6.5.4 Application of the status reporting system.................................................................. 630
6.5.5 Reset values of the status reporting system............................................................... 633
7 Command reference.......................................................................... 635
7.1 Special terms and notation...................................................................................... 635
7.1.1 Upper- vs. lower-case................................................................................................. 636
7.1.2 Special characters.......................................................................................................636
7.1.3 Parameters..................................................................................................................636
7.1.4 Numeric suffixes..........................................................................................................636
7.2 Common commands.................................................................................................637
7.3 SCPI command reference.........................................................................................638
7.3.1 CALCulate commands................................................................................................ 639
7.3.2 CONFigure commands............................................................................................... 832
7.3.3 CONTrol commands....................................................................................................841
7.3.4 DIAGnostic commands............................................................................................... 850
7.3.5 DISPlay commands.....................................................................................................852
7.3.6 FORMat commands.................................................................................................... 878
7.3.7 HCOPy commands..................................................................................................... 879
7.3.8 INITiate commands..................................................................................................... 885
7.3.9 INSTrument commands.............................................................................................. 888
7.3.10 MEMory commands.................................................................................................... 889
7.3.11 MMEMory commands................................................................................................. 891
7.3.12 OUTPut commands.....................................................................................................928
7.3.13 PROGram commands.................................................................................................933
7.3.14 [SENSe:] commands...................................................................................................936
7.3.15 SOURce commands................................................................................................. 1040
7.3.16 STATus commands................................................................................................... 1066
7.3.17 SYSTem commands..................................................................................................1070
7.3.18 TRACe commands.................................................................................................... 1112
7.3.19 TRIGger commands.................................................................................................. 1115
7.4 HUMS and service date commands.......................................................................1122

Contents
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11User Manual 1173.9557.02 ─ 63
7.4.1 SNMP/REST commands...........................................................................................1122
7.4.2 System information commands................................................................................. 1126
7.4.3 Device tags commands............................................................................................. 1136
7.4.4 Utilization commands................................................................................................ 1137
7.4.5 Service date commands............................................................................................1144
7.5 R&S ZVR/ZVABT compatible commands.............................................................. 1146
8 Programming examples...................................................................1170
8.1 Basic tasks...............................................................................................................1170
8.1.1 Typical stages of a remote control program.............................................................. 1170
8.1.2 Channel, trace and diagram handling........................................................................1173
8.2 Condensed programming examples..................................................................... 1179
8.2.1 Path-independent remote control programs..............................................................1180
8.2.2 Trace and diagram handling......................................................................................1180
8.2.3 Using markers........................................................................................................... 1189
8.2.4 Data handling............................................................................................................ 1191
8.2.5 Calibration................................................................................................................. 1195
8.2.6 Fixture modeling........................................................................................................1202
9 Error messages and troubleshooting............................................ 1204
9.1 Errors during firmware operation..........................................................................1204
9.1.1 Asynchronous errors................................................................................................. 1205
9.1.2 Errors during measurement...................................................................................... 1205
9.2 Errors during firmware installation/update.......................................................... 1206
9.3 Collecting information for technical support....................................................... 1207
9.4 Contacting customer support................................................................................1209
10 Transporting..................................................................................... 1210
11 Maintenance, storage and disposal................................................1211
11.1 Recalibration and repair......................................................................................... 1211
11.2 Cleaning................................................................................................................... 1211
11.3 Storage..................................................................................................................... 1211
11.4 Disposal................................................................................................................... 1211
12 Annexes............................................................................................ 1213
12.1 Administrative tasks............................................................................................... 1213

Contents
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12User Manual 1173.9557.02 ─ 63
12.1.1 Firmware installation................................................................................................. 1213
12.1.2 Remote operation in a LAN.......................................................................................1214
12.2 System recovery..................................................................................................... 1218
12.3 Interfaces and connectors..................................................................................... 1218
12.3.1 Rear panel connectors.............................................................................................. 1218
12.3.2 LAN interface............................................................................................................ 1220
12.3.3 GPIB interface...........................................................................................................1221
12.3.4 Handler I/O (universal interface)............................................................................... 1224
12.4 Showroom mode..................................................................................................... 1232
12.5 ENA emulation commands.....................................................................................1232
Glossary: Frequently used terms...................................................1241
List of commands............................................................................ 1247
Index..................................................................................................1270

Safety and regulatory information
R&S®ZND
13User Manual 1173.9557.02 ─ 63
1 Safety and regulatory information
The product documentation helps you use the product safely and efficiently. Follow the
instructions provided here and in the following chapters.
Intended use
The product is intended for the development, production and verification of electronic
components and devices in industrial, administrative, and laboratory environments.
Use the product only for its designated purpose. Observe the operating conditions and
performance limits stated in the data sheet.
Where do I find safety information?
Safety information is part of the product documentation. It warns you of potential dan-
gers and gives instructions on how to prevent personal injury or damage caused by
dangerous situations. Safety information is provided as follows:
●In Chapter 1.1, "Safety instructions", on page 13. The same information is provi-
ded in many languages as printed "Safety Instructions". The printed "Safety
Instructions" are delivered with the product.
●Throughout the documentation, safety instructions are provided when you need to
take care during setup or operation.
1.1 Safety instructions
Products from the Rohde & Schwarz group of companies are manufactured according
to the highest technical standards. To use the products safely, follow the instructions
provided here and in the product documentation. Keep the product documentation
nearby and offer it to other users.
Use the product only for its intended use and within its performance limits. Intended
use and limits are described in the product documentation such as the data sheet,
manuals and the printed "Safety Instructions". If you are unsure about the appropriate
use, contact Rohde & Schwarz customer service.
Using the product requires specialists or specially trained personnel. These users also
need sound knowledge of at least one of the languages in which the user interfaces
and the product documentation are available.
Never open the casing of the product. Only service personnel authorized by
Rohde & Schwarz are allowed to repair the product. If any part of the product is dam-
aged or broken, stop using the product. Contact Rohde & Schwarz customer service at
http://www.customersupport.rohde-schwarz.com.
Lifting and carrying the product
The maximum weight of the product is provided in the data sheet. You can lift or carry
the product by yourself, if you can manage the weight on your own. Alternatively, you
Safety instructions

Safety and regulatory information
R&S®ZND
14User Manual 1173.9557.02 ─ 63
can use lifting or transporting equipment. Follow the instructions provided by the equip-
ment manufacturer.
Choosing the operating site
Only use the product indoors. The product casing is not waterproof. Water that enters
can electrically connect the casing with live parts, which can lead to electric shock,
serious personal injury or death if you touch the casing. If Rohde & Schwarz provides
accessories designed for your product, e.g. a carrying bag, you can use the product
outdoors.
Unless otherwise specified, you can operate the product up to an altitude of 2000 m
above sea level. The product is suitable for pollution degree 2 environments where
nonconductive contamination can occur. For more information on environmental condi-
tions such as ambient temperature and humidity, see the data sheet.
Setting up the product
Always place the product on a stable, flat and level surface with the bottom of the prod-
uct facing down. If the product is designed for different positions, secure the product so
that it cannot fall over.
If the product has foldable feet, always fold the feet completely in or out to ensure sta-
bility. The feet can collapse if they are not folded out completely or if the product is
moved without lifting it. The foldable feet are designed to carry the weight of the prod-
uct, but not an extra load.
If stacking is possible, keep in mind that a stack of products can fall over and cause
injury.
If you mount products in a rack, ensure that the rack has sufficient load capacity and
stability. Observe the specifications of the rack manufacturer. Always install the prod-
ucts from the bottom shelf to the top shelf so that the rack stands securely. Secure the
product so that it cannot fall off the rack.
Connecting to power
The product is an overvoltage category II product. Connect the product to a fixed
installation used to supply energy-consuming equipment such as household applian-
ces and similar loads. Keep in mind that electrically powered products have risks, such
as electric shock, fire, personal injury or even death. Replace parts that are relevant to
safety only by original parts, e.g. power cables or fuses.
Take the following measures for your safety:
●Before switching on the product, ensure that the voltage and frequency indicated
on the product match the available power source. If the power adapter does not
adjust automatically, set the correct value and check the rating of the fuse.
●Only use the power cable delivered with the product. It complies with country-spe-
cific safety requirements. Only insert the plug into an outlet with protective conduc-
tor terminal.
●Only use intact cables and route them carefully so that they cannot be damaged.
Check the power cables regularly to ensure that they are undamaged. Also ensure
that nobody can trip over loose cables.
Safety instructions

Safety and regulatory information
R&S®ZND
15User Manual 1173.9557.02 ─ 63
●If you connect the product to an external power supply, use the one delivered with
the product or recommended in the product documentation. The external power
supply must conform to the country-specific regulations.
●Only connect the product to a power source with a fuse protection of maximum
20 A.
●Ensure that you can disconnect the product from the power source at any time.
Pull the power plug to disconnect the product. The power plug must be easily
accessible. If the product is integrated into a system that does not meet these
requirements, provide an easily accessible circuit breaker at the system level.
Cleaning the product
Use a dry, lint-free cloth to clean the product. When cleaning, keep in mind that the
casing is not waterproof. Do not use liquid cleaning agents.
Meaning of safety labels
Safety labels on the product warn against potential hazards.
Potential hazard
Read the product documentation to avoid personal injury or product damage.
Electrical hazard
Indicates live parts. Risk of electric shock, fire, personal injury or even death.
Hot surface
Do not touch. Risk of skin burns. Risk of fire.
Protective conductor terminal
Connect this terminal to a grounded external conductor or to protective ground. This connec-
tion protects you against electric shock if an electric problem occurs.
1.2 Warning messages in the documentation
A warning message points out a risk or danger that you need to be aware of. The sig-
nal word indicates the severity of the safety hazard and how likely it will occur if you do
not follow the safety precautions.
WARNING
Potentially hazardous situation. Could result in death or serious injury if not avoided.
NOTICE
Potential risks of damage. Could result in damage to the supported product or to other
property.
Warning messages in the documentation

Safety and regulatory information
R&S®ZND
16User Manual 1173.9557.02 ─ 63
1.3 Korea certification class A
이 기기는 업무용(A급) 전자파 적합기기로서 판매자 또는 사용자는 이 점을 주의하시기
바라며, 가정외의 지역에서 사용하는 것을 목적으로 합니다.
Korea certification class A

Welcome to the R&S ZND
R&S®ZND
17User Manual 1173.9557.02 ─ 63
2 Welcome to the R&S ZND
This manual is intended to provide you with all information that is necessary for setup,
manual and remote control of the R&S ZND.
We also invite you to find out what's new in the current revision of the software and
learn how to make best use of our documentation and of the help system.
If you have any questions or comments, please contact your partners at Rohde &
Schwarz and give us your feedback.
2.1 What's new in firmware version 3.50
This manual describes version 3.50 of the R&S ZND firmware. Compared to the previ-
ous version 3.45, firmware version 3.50 provides the following changes:
New functionality
●Firmware support of new EcoCalU calibration units R&S ZN-ZE1xx
●Deembedding assistant (R&S ZND-K220 | R&S ZND-K230 | R&S ZND-K210): New
"Deembedding Quick Setup" dialog that guides you in choosing channel settings
that permit accurate modeling with the selected fixture tool
See Chapter 5.13.11, "Deembed Assistant tab", on page 496
●Time domain measurements (R&S ZND-K2):
– Time gates can be coupled within the same channel
See "Time Gate Linking/Single Time Gate Linking" on page 299
– Effective rise time is displayed and can be set for low pass time domain trans-
formations
See "Rise Time/Rise Time Def." on page 363
●New "Only Active Channel On" function to disable all channels except the active
one
See "Only Active Channel On" on page 444
●For calibration kit standards defined using snp files, it is now possible to export
these files
See "Write .s1p File/Write .s2p File" on page 422
Modified functionality
●Time domain analysis (R&S ZND-K2): "Stumulus" > "Time Domain X-Axis" tab
renamed to Time Domain tab
●R&S ZNXSIM PC simulation: the default instrument is now a second generation
R&S ZNB8 with 4 ports
●R&S HUMS (R&S ZND-K980) service updated to version 1.44
New remote control features
●New command CALCulate<Chn>:PARameter:COPY, implementing the "Add
Trace" and "Add Trace + Diagram" functions (additionally specifying the trace
name)
What's new in firmware version 3.50

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18User Manual 1173.9557.02 ─ 63
●Additional commands for cal validation:
–CALCulate:CALValidate:AVERage[:STATe]
–CALCulate:CALValidate:RESPonse:IMAGinary:LOWer|UPPer
–CALCulate:CALValidate:RESPonse:REAL:LOWer|UPPer
–CALCulate:CALValidate:RUN:RESult?
●Deembedding assistant (R&S ZND-K220 | R&S ZND-K230 | R&S ZND-K210): New
command CALCulate:FMODel:DEASsistant:RUN:RESult? to check for suc-
cessful deembedding tool execution
●Generating default calibration data using [SENSe<Ch>:]CORRection:COLLect:
SAVE:SELected:DEFault now also works for frequency-converting channels.
Improvements
●Temperature compensation for inline calibration units R&S ZN-Z3x: Outside the
temperature range covered by the factory characterization, characterization data
are now calculated using extrapolation (instead of taking the data of the nearest
factory-characterized temperature)
●Deembedding assistant (R&S ZND-K220, R&S ZND-K230, R&S ZND-K210): DUT
+ test fixture data can now also be loaded from file
See "Measure / Apply section" on page 506
●Command DISPlay[:WINDow<Wnd>]:TRACe:EFEed can now move live and
memory traces between diagram areas
●Improved wheel positioning of markers on logarithmic sweeps
Solved issues
●Full n-Port calibration with reduced number of Through connections: Since FW
V3.25, an automatic calibration involving switch matrices did not complete, if, apart
from the star-shaped Through measurements, additional Through measurements
were needed.
●Cal validation was silently rejected, if the "original" calibration unit was not connec-
ted to the VNA. Now a warning message is displayed.
Note: Currently, the same calibration unit has to be used for calibration and valida-
tion.
●Compression point measurements (trace statistics): the compression values were
not displayed, if the input power of the compression point was not visible on the
selected stimulus axis.
●HP8720 parser emulation: Acquisition of calibration data for calibration type "Trans
Norm" was not initialized correctly
●Power meter driver NRPSN: Auto-configuration of R&S NRX power meters did not
work
●With coupled markers, marker creation using CALCulate<Chn>:MARKer<Mk>
ON behaved erratically, if <Mk> was higher than the highest existing marker num-
ber plus 1.
●Inline calibration: Temperature compensation for the current ICU temperatures was
only applied correctly if the corresponding flag was toggled in the calibration wiz-
ard. It was neither applied if the calibration was repeated, nor if the wizard was run
with "Temperature Compensation" already checked.
What's new in firmware version 3.50

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R&S®ZND
19User Manual 1173.9557.02 ─ 63
●If measurement data was available for some calibration standards, and the related
setup was saved under a different name, then "Repeat Calibration" failed in the
resulting recall set.
●Changing the smoothing aperture did not take effect immediately
●"Delay" memory traces used the current stimulus axis instead of the stored one
●In swept mode, the validity of a calibration depends on the IF-bandwidth. However,
changing the IF-bandwidth did not invalidate the calibration.
●A memory trace with "Math" could not be recalled correctly if the original trace was
a wave
●The analyzer GUI became slow if many markers were active
●Self test execution from system "Info" dialog did not work
●In FW versions 3.40 and higher, selecting a trace via
CALCulate<Ch>:PARameter:SELect <TraceName> restarted the sweep
●Drivers for calibration units R&S ZV-Z5x did not work on Windows 7
Firmware version
► To check your R&S ZND firmware version, select "Help" > "About..." from the main
menu.
2.2 Documentation overview
This section provides an overview of the R&S ZND user documentation. Unless speci-
fied otherwise, you find the documents at:
https://www.rohde-schwarz.com/manual/ZND
2.2.1 Getting started manual
Introduces the R&S ZND and describes how to set up and start working with the prod-
uct. Includes basic operations, typical measurement examples, and general informa-
tion, e.g. safety instructions, etc.
A printed version is delivered with the instrument. A PDF version is available for down-
load on the Internet.
2.2.2 User manual and help
The user manual contains the description of all instrument modes and functions. It also
provides an introduction to remote control, a complete description of the remote control
commands with programming examples, and information on maintenance, instrument
interfaces and error messages. Includes the contents of the getting started manual.
The contents of the user manual are available as help in the R&S ZND. The help offers
quick, context-sensitive access to the complete information for the instrument and its
firmware.
Documentation overview

Welcome to the R&S ZND
R&S®ZND
20User Manual 1173.9557.02 ─ 63
The user manual is also available for download or for immediate display on the Inter-
net.
2.2.3 Service manual
Describes the performance test for checking the rated specifications, module replace-
ment and repair, firmware update, troubleshooting and fault elimination, and contains
mechanical drawings and spare part lists.
The service manual is available for registered users on the global Rohde & Schwarz
information system (GLORIS):
https://gloris.rohde-schwarz.com
2.2.4 Instrument security procedures
Deals with security issues when working with the R&S ZND in secure areas. It is avail-
able for download on the internet.
2.2.5 Printed safety instructions
Provides safety information in many languages. The printed document is delivered with
the product.
2.2.6 Data sheets and brochures
The data sheet contains the technical specifications of the R&S ZND. It also lists the
firmware applications and their order numbers, and optional accessories.
The brochure provides an overview of the instrument and deals with the specific char-
acteristics.
See https://www.rohde-schwarz.com/brochure-datasheet/ZND
2.2.7 Release notes and open source acknowledgment (OSA)
The release notes list new features, improvements and known issues of the current
firmware version, and describe the firmware installation.
The software makes use of several valuable open source software packages. An open-
source acknowledgment document provides verbatim license texts of the used open
source software.
Documentation overview