
EB 3017 EN 3-1
Design and principle of operation
3 Design and principle of oper-
ation
ÎSee Fig.3-1 to Fig.3-3
The regulators restrict the ow rate in the
pipeline to a set point adjusted at the restric-
tion. The set point for the differential pressure
or downstream pressure is adjusted at the di-
aphragm actuator. The largest signal is al-
ways used to control the regulator.
The regulators basically consist of a
Type2423 Valve with seat, plug and restric-
tion as well as a closing actuator (Type2427
or Type 2429) with an operating dia-
phragm. Valve and actuator are delivered
separately and must be assembled on site
using a coupling nut.
The medium ows through the valve in the
direction indicated by the arrow. The areas
released by the restriction (1.1) and the plug
(3) determine the ow rate and the differen-
tial pressure ∆p across the plant.
In balanced valves, the forces acting on the
plug created by the upstream and down-
stream pressures are balanced by a balanc-
ing bellows (5) or balancing diaphragm (5.1,
balanced by a diaphragm, DN65 to 250).
Regulators balanced by a bellows or a dia-
phragm only differ in the pressure balancing
principle applied. Valves balanced by a dia-
phragm have a balancing diaphragm (5.1)
instead of the balancing bellows (5). The
downstream pressure p2acts on the bottom
of the diaphragm and the upstream pressure
p1on the top of the diaphragm. In both cas-
es, the forces created by the upstream and
downstream pressures that act on the plug
are balanced out.
Type42-37: The high pressure of ∆p acts on
the bottom diaphragm chamber Dover the
control line (18). The high pressure of the
ow rate upstream of the restriction (1.1) is
transferred over the control line (19) to the
middle diaphragm chamber Band C. It is the
same as the low pressure of ∆p. The low
pressure of
downstream of the restriction is
transferred over holes in the plug and dia-
phragm stems to the top diaphragm chamber
A.
For example, if the differential pressure rises,
the resulting positioning force at the bottom
operating diaphragm (13.2) rises as well.
The diaphragm stems (12.1 and 12.2) push
the plug stem with plug in the closing direc-
tion until the ow rate reaches the set point
adjusted at the set point spring (16).
If the ow rate increases, the differential pres-
sure at the restriction (1.1) and the resulting
positioning force at the top operating dia-
phragm (13.1) increase. The top diaphragm
stem (12.1) pushes the plug stem with plug in
the closing direction until the ow rate reach-
es the adjusted ow set point. The largest sig-
nal is always used to move the plug.
An overload protection (force limiter with in-
ternal excess pressure limiter) (15) protects
the seat (2), plug (3) and plant from over-
load during exceptional operating condi-
tions.
Type42-37: The principle of operation is al-
most the same as for Type42-37. However,
in the Type2429 Actuator, the high pressure
of the ow rate is separate from the low
pressure of the differential pressure ∆p. The
diaphragm chambers have their own control
line connections.