Shure SM81 User manual

MODEL SM81
UNIDIRECTIONAL CONDENSER MICROPHONE
The Shure Model SM81 is a high-quality, unidirectional
condenser microphone designed for studio recording, broad-
casting, and sound reinforcement. Its wide frequency re-
sponse, low noise characteristics, and low RF susceptibility
have made it a standard for applications involving acoustic in-
struments, especially guitar, piano, and cymbals.
The SM81 is ruggedly constructed. It operates on phantom
power and performs over a wide range of temperatures and hu-
midity conditions. It is furnished with a swivel adapter, attenua-
tor-switch lock, foam windscreen, and case for carrying and
storage. Other accessories are available.
Model SM81 Features
•20 Hz to 20 kHz frequency response
•Flat response curve for accurate reproduction of sound
sources
•Low noise and high output clipping level
•Low distortion over a wide range of load impedances
•Cardioid polar pattern, uniform with frequency and symme-
tric about axis, providing maximum rejection and minimum
coloration of off-axis sounds
•Low RF susceptibility
•Selectable low-frequency response: flat, 6 or 18 dB/octave
rolloff
•0 dB/10 dB lockable attenuator switch
•Phantom powering (DIN 45 596 voltages of 12 to 48 Vdc)
•Rugged steel construction for durability
•Field-usable over wide range of temperature and humidity
conditions
SPECIFICATIONS
Type
Condenser (electret bias)
Frequency Response
20 to 20,000 Hz (see Figure 1)
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20 200001000 10000 50 100 9876543298765432
+10
0
–10
Hz
dB
1 METER
TYPICAL FREQUENCY RESPONSE
FIGURE 1
Polar Pattern
Cardioid (unidirectional) response—uniform with fre-
quency, symmetrical about axis (see Figure 2)
150o
120o
150o
120o
180o
30o
60o
90o
30o
60o
90o
–5dB
–10 dB
–15 dB
–20 dB
0
500 kHz
100 Hz
1 kHz
150o
120o
150o
120o
180o
30o
60o
90o
30o
60o
90o
–5 dB
–10 dB
–15 dB
–20 dB
0
2 kHz
5 kHz
10 kHz
TYPICAL POLAR PATTERNS
FIGURE 2
Output Impedance
Rated at 150 ohms (85 Ωactual)
Recommended minimum load impedance: 800 Ω(May
be used with loads as low as 150 Ωwith reduced clip-
ping level)
Output Configuration and Connector
Balanced, transformer-coupled output; male XLR con-
nector
Sensitivity (at 1,000 Hz)
Open Circuit Voltage –45 dBV/Pascal (5.6 mV). . . . . . . (1 Pascal = 94 dB SPL)
Clipping Level (at 1,000 Hz)
800 ΩLoad –4 dBV (0.63 V). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
150 ΩLoad –15 dBV (0.18 V). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total Harmonic Distortion
Less than 0.5% (131 dB SPL at 250 Hz into 800 Ωload)
Model SM81 User Guide
27B2916 (BE)
E2002, Shure Incorporated Printed in U.S.A.

2
Maximum SPL (at 1,000 Hz)
800 Ωload 136 dB (attenuator at 0). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
146 dB (attenuator at –10)
150 Ωload 128 dB (attenuator at 0). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
138 dB (attenuator at –10)
Hum Pickup
–3 dB equivalent SPL in a 1 mOe field (60 Hz)
Self-Noise (equivalent sound pressure levels; measured
with true rms voltmeter)
16 dB typical, A-weighted
19 dB typical, weighted per DIN 45 405
Signal-to-Noise Ratio
78 dB (IEC 651)* at 94 dB SPL
*S/N ratio is difference between microphone output at 94 dB SPL
and microphone self-noise A-weighted.
Overvoltage and Reverse Polarity Protection
Max. external voltage applied to pins 2 and 3 with
respect to pin 1 + 52 Vdc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Reverse polarity protection 200 mA max.. . . . . . . . . . . .
(diode-clamped)
Polarity
Positive pressure on diaphragm produces positive volt-
age on pin 2 relative to pin 3
Cartridge Capacitance
54 pF
Low Frequency Response Switch Positions
Flat; –6 dB/octave below 100 Hz; –18 dB/octave below
80 Hz
Attenuator Switch Positions (Lockable)
0 or –10 dB
Power
Supply Voltage 11 to 52 Vdc, positive, pins 2 and 3. .
Current Drain 1.2 mA max.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Environmental Conditions
Temperature:
Storage –29_to 74_C. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(–20_to 165_F)
Operating –6.7_to 49_C. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (20_to 120_F)
Humidity:
Storage 0–95% relative humidity at room. . . . . . . . .
temperature (72_to 80_F, 22_to 27_C)
Case
Steel construction with vinyl metallic paint finish and
stainless steel screens
Dimensions
See Figure 3
Weight
Net 230 grams (8 oz). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Packaged 740 grams (1 lb 10 oz). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Certification
Eligible to bear CE marking. Conforms to European
EMC Directive 89/336/EEC. Meets applicable tests and
performance criteria in European EMC Standard EN
55103 (1996) parts 1 and 2 for residential (E1) and light
industrial (E2) environments.
OPERATION
Power
The SM81 requires phantom power. This may be supplied
to the microphone by a mixer, preamplifier or console with built-
in phantom power or from an external power supply (such as
the Shure model PS1A). Phantom power sources providing be-
tween 11 and 52 Vdc are suitable.
Use only high-quality cables because intermittent shorts
between broken shield wires and balanced conductors will
cause extremely large noise transients in the system. Avoid
ground loops due to grounded connector shells or the micro-
phone case touching other grounded metal objects. Follow
generally accepted audio grounding practices.
Impedance
A minimum load impedance of 800 Ωor greater should be
used for maximum signal handling and minimum distortion. The
load may be as low as 150 Ω, but a reduction in output clipping
level will result. It should be noted that the power supply itself
may add loading (3300 Ωin the Shure PS1A power supply) to
the microphones.
PS1A Power Supply
When using the Shure PS1A to phantom power the SM81,
connect the microphone cable to the SM81 and to the MICRO-
PHONE connector of the power supply. The power supply uses
the balanced audio cable pair to carry the supply current to the
microphone and the cable shield as a ground return.
Connect the OUTPUT connector of the power supply to a
low-impedance microphone input of a mixer, audio console or
tape recorder. A second SM81 may be connected to the re-
maining power supply channel in a similar manner.
212 mm
23.5 mm 20.1 mm
OVERALL DIMENSIONS
FIGURE 3

3
Low-Frequency Response Filter
The SM81 has a three-position low-frequency response fil-
ter controlled by a switch located on its handle. The switch is
recessed to avoid accidental movement, but may be easily
moved with fingertips. The user may select either flat response,
low-frequency rolloff of 6 dB per octave below 100 Hz, or low-
frequency cutoff of 18 dB per octave below 80 Hz (see
Figure 1). When close-miking instruments or vocalists, an
increase in low-frequency response (proximity effect) takes
place. Figure 4 illustrates this effect with the switch in each of
the three positions. Note that the low-frequency response filter
may be used to compensate for proximity effect or reduce low-
frequency noise from stage traffic and other sources.
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20 100050 100
+10
0
–10
Hz
dB
152.4 MM ( )
152.4 MM ( )
152.4 MM ( )
PROXIMITY EFFECT AND COMPENSATION
FIGURE 4
Attenuator Switch
The SM81 has a switchable 10 dB capacitive attenuator to
prevent high sound pressure levels from overloading its internal
electronics. The attenuator is engaged by rotating the actuator
ring, located directly below the grille assembly, until it reaches
the “–10”position. This reduces the output of the microphone
by 10 dB and increases the maximum sound pressure level at
clipping by 10 dB. There are no intermediate levels of attenua-
tion available.
The attenuator ring may be locked in either the “0”or “–10”
position as follows. Unscrew the grille and cartridge assembly
by unscrewing counter-clockwise from the top. Turn the actua-
tor ring to the “0”or “–10”position as desired. Insert the actuator
ring lock (small clear piece of plastic) in the area behind the ac-
tuator ring between the pin and the edge of the slot. This will
prevent the ring from turning. Replace the grill and cartridge as-
sembly.
Mixer Overload
The SM81’s output is about 15 dB higher than most dynam-
ic microphones. At moderate to high SPLs, this additional out-
put may require attenuation (or padding). If no attenuation is
available on the preamplifier, mixer or console being used, a re-
sistive attenuator can be inserted between the microphone and
the input. The Shure Model A15AS Attenuator (15, 20, or 25 dB
switch-selectable) is specially designed for use with condenser
microphones such as the SM81. Alternately, the attenuator de-
sign shown in Figure 5 may be used. The resistors shown are
1/2-watt, 1% tolerance, and the circuit may be packaged in a
Switchcraft S3FM adapter housing. The circuit will provide15
dB of attenuation and can be used between the SM81 and the
PS1A (or other power supply), or between the PS1A and the
mixer. Two of these circuits may be used in series to provide 30
dB of attenuation. (Note that, due to excessive loading, com-
mercially available 150Ωattenuators, such as the Shure Model
A15AS, are not recommended when two are used in series.)
12
3
OUTPUT TO
MIXER
INPUT FROM
MICROPHONE
1
23
412
412
215
15 DB ATTENUATOR CIRCUIT
FIGURE 5
Wind Noise
The wide frequency response of the SM81 makes it sensi-
tive to wind, breath, and air currents from heating, ventilation
and cooling (HVAC) systems. The foam windscreen included
with the SM81 can be used to reduce wind and breath noise,
while the low-frequency response filter can be used to reduce
low-frequency room noise caused by HVAC systems.
The Model A81G Pop Filter Grille attenuates breath pop-
ping sounds when the microphone is close-talked, and permits
its use outdoors with minimal pickup of rushing and rumbling
sounds. To install the A81G, slip it over the SM81 until the inside
of the A81G touches the top of the microphone. Tighten the
A81G by rotating the knurled collar clockwise from the bottom.
(Note: When removing the A81G, first loosen the knurled collar.
Otherwise the cartridge will unscrew with the A81G.)
For outdoor use under very windy conditions, use the Mod-
el A81WS large foam windscreen.
CAPACITOR
CARTRIDGE
FET
IMPEDANCE
CONVERTER
LF
RESPONSE
FILTER
CLASS A
COMPOUND
AMPLIFIER RFI
FILTER
BALANCED
TRANSFORMER
REGULATOR/
REVERSE
VOLTAGE
PROTECT
CAPACITIVE
ATTENUATOR
BLOCK DIAGRAM
FIGURE 6

4
CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION
A block diagram of the SM81 is shown in Figure 6. The ca-
pacitor cartridge is followed by a switch-controlled capacitive
attenuator stage which provides for 10 dB attenuation at the
cartridge output. The signal is fed to a field-effect transistor
(FET) impedance conversion stage. The FET output drives an
active low-frequency response (high-pass) filter controlled by
a three-position switch. The filter output from a compound tran-
sistor, Class A, emitter-follower amplifier is transformer-
coupled, providing a balanced output to the RFI protection filter
at the microphone connector. An active, constant-current
power supply circuit regulates the phantom voltage, allowing
the SM81 to operate over a very wide range of voltages. A re-
verse voltage protection diode guards against miswired cables
and equipment.
TROUBLESHOOTING
If the SM81 fails to operate properly, verify that the micro-
phone is powered properly.
1. Check the power supply output voltage to the microphone.
For the Shure PS1A, this should be 21.5 ±1.5 Vdc open
circuit.
2. Check the voltage on microphone connector pins 2 and 3
(at back of connector; cable connector disassembled from
shell but connected to microphone). The voltage at pins 2
and 3 with reference to pin 1 should be between 11 and 52
Vdc.
Due to its high packing density and circuit complexity, dis-
assembly of the SM81 is not recommended. Contact Shure’s
Service Department if problems persist.
ARCHITECTS’ SPECIFICATION
The microphone shall be a condenser microphone with a
frequency response of 20 to 20,000 Hz. It shall have a unidirec-
tional pickup characteristic, with cancellation at the sides of 6
dB and a minimum cancellation at the rear of 15 dB at 1 kHz.
The microphone shall have a rated output impedance of 150 Ω
for connection to microphone inputs of 150 ohms or higher. The
open circuit voltage shall be –65 dB (0.56 mV) (0 dB equals 1
volt per microbar).
The microphone shall contain a three-position low-freq-
uency response switch and a lockable 10 dB attenuator pad.
The overall dimensions shall be 212 mm (8-11/32 in.) in
length by 23.5 mm (15/16 in.) in diameter. The handle diameter
shall be 20.1 mm (25/32 in.). The weight shall be 230 grams
(8 oz).
The microphone shall be capable of being powered by a
phantom power supply with an output of 11 to 52 Vdc, or by a
mixer, audio console or tape recorder capable of supplying 11
to 52 Vdc.
The microphone shall be a Shure Model SM81.
FURNISHED ACCESSORIES
Swivel Adapter A57F. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10 dB Attenuator Lock 34A830. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Carrying/Storage Case 65A1797. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Windscreen 49A111. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
OPTIONAL ACCESSORIES
Pop-Filter Grille A81G. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Heavy-Duty Windscreen A81WS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Tripod Microphone Stand (4.3 m [14 ft]) S15A. . . . . . . . . . . .
Stereo Microphone Adapter A27M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Cable (7.6m [25ft]) C25F. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Phantom Power Supply PS1A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
REPLACEMENT PARTS
Cartridge and Grille Assembly R104. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .