Sigma 4-16KS User manual

Original operating manual
sb
07/2012
Rev. 1.26 of 24/10/2023
Sigma 4-16KS; ;
part no. 0701702
Sigma 4-16KS
from serial no. 144061
Refrigerated Centrifuge
Operating Manual
Please retain for later use!

Refrigerated Centrifuge Sigma 4-16KS
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Version 07/2012, Rev. 1.26 of 24/10/2023 • sb
Original operating manual, part no. 0701702

Refrigerated Centrifuge Sigma 4-16KS
Version 07/2012, Rev. 1.26 of 24/10/2023 • sb
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Original operating manual, part no. 0701702
© Copyright by
Sigma Laborzentrifugen GmbH
An der Unteren Söse 50
37520 Osterode am Harz
Germany
Tel.: [phone] / 5007-0
Fax: [phone] / 5007-12
Web: www.sigma-zentrifugen.de
E-mail: [e-mail]

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Original operating manual, part no. 0701702

Refrigerated Centrifuge Sigma 4-16KS
Table of contents
Version 07/2012, Rev. 1.26 of 24/10/2023 • sb
5 / 99
Original operating manual, part no. 0701702
1General information.............................................................................................................9
1.1 Importance of the operating manual..................................................................................9
1.2 Intended use.....................................................................................................................9
1.3 Warranty and liability.........................................................................................................9
1.4 Copyright........................................................................................................................10
1.5 Standards and regulations..............................................................................................10
1.6 Scope of supply..............................................................................................................10
2Layout and mode of operation..........................................................................................11
2.1 Layout of the centrifuge ..................................................................................................11
2.1.1 Functional and operating elements............................................................................11
2.1.2 Name plate................................................................................................................12
2.2 Mode of operation...........................................................................................................13
2.2.1 Centrifugation principle..............................................................................................13
2.2.2 Area of application.....................................................................................................13
2.2.2.1 Speed, radius, and relative centrifugal force ......................................................14
2.2.2.2 Density...............................................................................................................14
3Safety..................................................................................................................................15
3.1 Marking of the unit..........................................................................................................15
3.2 Explanation of the symbols and notes.............................................................................16
3.3 Responsibility of the operator..........................................................................................17
3.4 Requirements concerning the personnel.........................................................................18
3.5 Informal safety instructions .............................................................................................19
3.6 Safety instructions ..........................................................................................................20
3.6.1 Electrical safety .........................................................................................................20
3.6.2 Mechanical safety......................................................................................................20
3.6.3 Fire prevention...........................................................................................................21
3.6.4 Chemical and biological safety ..................................................................................21
3.6.5 Safety instructions for centrifugation..........................................................................22
3.6.6 Resistance of plastics................................................................................................22
3.6.7 Safety of rotors and accessories................................................................................23
3.6.7.1 Marking of rotors and accessories......................................................................23
3.6.7.2 Service life of rotors and accessories.................................................................24
3.6.7.3 Service life of the Sigma "Comfort" rotor coating................................................25
3.7 Safety devices ................................................................................................................27
3.7.1 Lid lock device...........................................................................................................27
3.7.2 Standstill monitoring system......................................................................................27
3.7.3 System check............................................................................................................27
3.7.4 Earth conductor check...............................................................................................27
3.7.5 Imbalance monitoring system....................................................................................27
3.7.6 Temperature monitoring system ................................................................................27
3.7.7 Rotor monitoring system............................................................................................27
3.8 Measures in the event of hazards and accidents ............................................................28
3.9 Remaining hazards.........................................................................................................28

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4Storage and transport ....................................................................................................... 29
4.1 Dimensions and weight...................................................................................................29
4.2 Storage conditions..........................................................................................................29
4.3 Notes on transport..........................................................................................................29
4.4 Packaging.......................................................................................................................30
4.5 Transport safety device...................................................................................................30
5Set-up and connection ...................................................................................................... 32
5.1 Installation site................................................................................................................32
5.2 Power supply..................................................................................................................32
5.2.1 Type of connection ....................................................................................................32
5.2.2 Customer-provided fuses...........................................................................................33
6Using the centrifuge.......................................................................................................... 34
6.1 Initial start-up..................................................................................................................34
6.2 Switching the centrifuge on.............................................................................................34
6.2.1 Opening and closing the lid........................................................................................34
6.2.2 Installation of rotors and accessories.........................................................................34
6.2.2.1 Installation of a rotor ..........................................................................................34
6.2.2.2 Installation of an angle rotor with a hermetic lid..................................................35
6.2.2.3 Installation of accessories..................................................................................37
6.2.2.4 Adapters ............................................................................................................39
6.2.2.5 Vessels..............................................................................................................39
6.3 Control system "Spincontrol S".......................................................................................40
6.3.1 User interface............................................................................................................40
6.3.2 Manual mode.............................................................................................................41
6.3.2.1 Starting a centrifugation run...............................................................................41
6.3.2.2 Interrupting a centrifugation run .........................................................................41
6.3.2.3 Interrupting a deceleration process....................................................................41
6.3.2.4 Selection, display, and modification of data........................................................41
6.3.2.5 Standard menu ..................................................................................................42
6.3.2.6 Process library menu .........................................................................................48
6.3.2.7 Parameters menu ..............................................................................................49
6.3.2.8 Setup menu .......................................................................................................53
6.3.2.9 Curve menu.......................................................................................................56
6.3.2.10 Help menu .........................................................................................................57
6.3.2.11 Changing the contrast........................................................................................58
6.3.3 Program mode...........................................................................................................58
6.3.3.1 Saving a program...............................................................................................59
6.3.3.2 Loading a program.............................................................................................59
6.3.3.3 Executing a program..........................................................................................60
6.3.3.4 Deleting a program ............................................................................................60
6.3.3.5 Automatic program rotation................................................................................61
6.3.4 Options for data input and output...............................................................................62
6.4 Switching the centrifuge off.............................................................................................62

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7Malfunctions and error correction....................................................................................63
7.1 General malfunctions......................................................................................................63
7.1.1 Emergency lid release...............................................................................................64
7.2 Table of error codes........................................................................................................65
7.3 Service contact...............................................................................................................66
8Maintenance and service................................................................................................... 67
8.1 Maintenance...................................................................................................................67
8.1.1 Centrifuge..................................................................................................................67
8.1.1.1 Condenser (only refrigerated centrifuges with an air-cooled refrigeration system)
..........................................................................................................................68
8.1.2 Accessories...............................................................................................................68
8.1.2.1 Plastic accessories ............................................................................................69
8.1.3 Rotors, buckets and carriers......................................................................................69
8.1.3.1 Load bearing bolts .............................................................................................70
8.1.4 Glass breakage .........................................................................................................71
8.2 Sterilisation and disinfection of the rotor chamber and accessories ................................71
8.2.1 Autoclaving................................................................................................................72
8.3 Service ...........................................................................................................................73
8.4 Return of defective centrifuges or parts ..........................................................................74
9Disposal.............................................................................................................................. 76
9.1 Disposal of the centrifuge ...............................................................................................76
9.2 Disposal of the packaging...............................................................................................76
10 Technical data....................................................................................................................77
10.1 Ambient conditions .........................................................................................................78
10.2 Technical documentation................................................................................................78
11 Appendix............................................................................................................................ 79
11.1 Range of accessories .....................................................................................................79
11.1.1 Rotor radii..................................................................................................................79
11.2 Speed-gravitational-field-diagram ...................................................................................80
11.3 Acceleration and deceleration curves .............................................................................81
11.4 Table of the service life of rotors and accessories...........................................................83
11.5 Resistance data..............................................................................................................84
11.6 EC declaration of conformity...........................................................................................89
11.7 Declaration of conformity –China RoHS 2......................................................................91
11.8 UKCA declaration of conformity......................................................................................93
12 Index................................................................................................................................... 95

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1 General information
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1.1 Importance of the operating manual
A fundamental requirement for the safe and trouble-free operation of the
centrifuge is to be familiar with the fundamental safety instructions and all
possible hazards.
The operating manual includes important information concerning the safe
operation of the centrifuge.
This operating manual and, in particular, the notes on safety and hazards
must be observed by all persons operating the centrifuge.
In addition, the local rules and regulations for the prevention of accidents
must be complied with.
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1.2 Intended use
Centrifuges are power-driven machines that separate liquids from solid
matter, liquid mixtures, or solid mixtures by centrifugal force. They are
solely intended for this purpose. Any other use beyond this area of
application is regarded as improper use. Sigma Laborzentrifugen GmbH
cannot be held liable for any damage resulting from such improper use.
The intended use also includes
•observation of all the notes and instructions included in the operating
manual and
•compliance with the care, cleaning, and maintenance instructions.
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1.3 Warranty and liability
The warranty and liability are subject to our "General Conditions" that were
distributed to the operator upon the conclusion of the contract.
Warranty and liability claims are excluded if they are due to:
•improper use.
•non-compliance with the safety instructions and hazard warnings in the
operating manual.
•improper installation, start-up, operation, or maintenance of the
centrifuge.
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1.4 Copyright The copyright concerning the operating manual remains with
Sigma Laborzentrifugen GmbH.
The operating manual is solely intended for the operator and their
personnel. It includes instructions and information that must not be
•duplicated,
•distributed, or
•communicated in any other way.
Non-compliance may be prosecuted under criminal law.
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1.5 Standards and regulations
These operating instructions have been created in accordance with the
relevant European standards and regulations (see chapter 11.6 - "EC
declaration of conformity").
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1.6 Scope of supply
The centrifuge comprises:
•1 rotor wrench,size 13
Part no. 930 102
•1 hexagon socket wrench size 5
Part no. 930 051
•1 tube (30 g) heavy-duty grease for
load-bearing bolts
Part no. 71 401
Documentation
Operating manual incl. EC declaration of conformity
(see chapter 11.6 - "EC declaration of conformity")
Accessories
According to your order, our order confirmation, and your delivery note.
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2 Layout and mode of operation
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2.1 Layout of the centrifuge
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2.1.1 Functional and operating elements
1 Lid
2 User interface
(see chapter 6.3.1 -
"User interface")
3 Mains switch
Fig. 1: Total view of the centrifuge
4 Name plate
(see chapter 2.1.2 -
"Name plate")
5 Mains cable
Fig. 2: Rear view of the centrifuge
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2.1.2 Name plate
1 Manufacturer
2 Power consumption
3 Max. speed
4 Max. kinetic energy
5 Serial number
6 Part number
7 Type
8 Nominal voltage
9 CE mark in
compliance with the
directive 2006/42/EC
10 Symbol for special
disposal (see chapter
9 - "Disposal")
11 Consult operating
manual
12 Date of manufacture
13 Max. permissible
density
14 Refrigerant data
Fig. 3: Example of a name plate
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2.2 Mode of operation
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2.2.1 Centrifugation principle
Centrifugation is a process for the separation of heterogeneous mixtures of
substances (suspensions, emulsions, or gas mixtures) into their
components. The mixture of substances, which rotates on a circular path, is
subject to centripetal acceleration that is several times greater than the
gravitational acceleration.
Centrifuges use the mass inertia inside the rotor chamber for separating the
substances. Due to their higher inertia, particles or media with a higher
density travel outwards. In doing so, they displace the components with a
lower density, which in turn travel towards the centre.
The centripetal acceleration of an object inside a centrifuge, as the effect of
centripetal force, depends on the distance between the object and the axis
of rotation as well as on the angular velocity. It increases linearly as a
function of the distance with regard to the axis of rotation and quadratically
as a function of the angular velocity. The bigger the radius in the rotor
chamber is and the higher the speed is, the higher the centripetal
acceleration is. However, the forces acting on the rotor also increase.
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2.2.2 Area of application
Depending on the area of application of the centrifuge and also on the
particle size, solids content, and volume throughput of the mixture of
substances that is to be centrifuged, there are different types of centrifuges.
The areas of application go from household use as a salad spinner or
honey separator up to specialised technical applications in the clinical,
biological, or biochemical context:
•For numerous clinical examinations, cellular material must be separated
from the liquid to be analysed. The normal separation process can be
sped up considerably by using laboratory centrifuges.
•In the metal-working industry, centrifuges are used for separating oil
from metal cuttings. Dairies use centrifuges in order to separate cow’s
milk into cream and low-fat milk.
•Particularly big centrifuges are used in the sugar industry for separating
the syrup from the crystalline sugar.
•Ultracentrifuges are predominantly used in biology and biochemistry in
order to isolate particles, e.g. viruses. They are specifically designed for
high speeds up to 500,000 rpm. The rotor moves in a vacuum in order
to avoid air friction.
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2.2.2.1 Speed, radius, and relative centrifugal force
The acceleration g, which the samples are subject to, can be increased by
increasing the radius in the rotor chamber and by increasing the speed.
These three parameters are interdependent and linked with each other via
the following formula:
Relative centrifugal force RCF = 11.18 x 10-6 x r x n2
r = radius in cm
n = speed in rpm
RCF without any dimension
If two values are entered, the third value is determined by way of the stated
formula. If, afterwards, the speed or the radius is changed, the resulting
relative centrifugal force will be recalculated automatically by the control
unit. If the RCF is changed, the speed will be adapted while the specified
radius is maintained.
The speed-gravitational-field-diagram provides an overview of the
relationship between speed, radius, and RCF (see chapter 11.2 - "Speed-
gravitational-field-diagram").
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2.2.2.2 Density The laboratory centrifuge is suitable for the separation of constituents of
different densities in mixtures with a maximum density of 1.2 g/cm3. All
information concerning the speed of rotors and accessories refers to liquids
with a density corresponding to this specification. If the density is above this
value, the maximum permissible speed of the centrifuge must be reduced
based on the following formula:
n = nmax x √(1.2/𝜌)
𝜌= density in g/cm3
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3 Safety
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3.1 Marking of the unit
The following symbols are used on this centrifuge:
I
On (Power)
Arrow indicating the direction
of rotation
0
Off (Power)
Rotor loading information
(see chapter 6.2.2.3 -
"Installation of accessories")
Name plate (see chapter
2.1.2 - "Name plate")
CE mark in compliance with
the directive 2006/42/EC
Do not dispose as part of
domestic waste
Consult operating manual
RCM mark
(only for Australia)
China RoHS 2 mark
(only for China)
UKCA mark
(only for UK)
NOTE
Safety indications on the centrifuge must be kept readable at all times. If
necessary, they must be replaced.
NOTE
The marking varies depending on the version and country of destination of
the centrifuge.
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3.2 Explanation of the symbols and notes
In this operating manual, the following names and symbols to indicate
hazards are used:
DANGER
This symbol stands for a direct hazard to the life and health of persons.
Non-observance of these symbols causes serious health problems up to
life-endangering injuries.
DANGER
This symbol stands for a direct hazard to the life and health of persons
due to electrical voltage.
Non-observance of these symbols causes serious health problems up to
life-endangering injuries.
WARNING
This symbol stands for a potential hazard to the life and health of
persons.
Non-observance of these symbols can cause serious health problems up
to life-endangering injuries.
CAUTION
This symbol indicates a potentially hazardous situation
Non-observance of these notes can cause minor injuries or damage to
property.
NOTE
This symbol indicates important information.
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3.3 Responsibility of the operator
The operator is responsible for authorising only qualified personnel to work
on the centrifuge (see chapter 3.4 - "Requirements concerning the
personnel").
The areas of responsibility of the personnel concerning the operation,
maintenance, and care of the unit must be clearly defined.
The safety-conscious work of the personnel in compliance with the
operating manual and the relevant EC and national health and safety
regulations as well as with the accident prevention regulations must be
checked at regular intervals (e.g. every month).
Under the international rules for health and safety at work, the operator is
obliged to:
•take measures in order to prevent all danger to life or health during
work.
•ensure that centrifuges are operated properly and entirely as intended
(see chapter 1.2 - "Intended use").
•take protective measures against fire and explosion when working with
hazardous substances.
•take measures for the safe opening of centrifuges.
The operator must perform a risk assessment concerning potential
accidents in connection with the centrifuge and take design-related
countermeasures, if necessary.
The centrifuge has to be maintained regularly (see chapter 8 -
"Maintenance and service").
Components that are not in a perfect state must be replaced immediately.
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3.4 Requirements concerning the personnel
DANGER
Risk of injury if the personnel are not sufficiently qualified
If unqualified personnel perform work on the centrifuge or are present in
the danger zone of the centrifuge, hazards result that can cause serious
injuries and considerable damage to property.
•Ensure that all the tasks are performed by personnel with the
corresponding qualifications.
•Ensure that unqualified personnel stay clear of the danger zones.
DANGER
Risk of fatal injury to unauthorised persons due to hazards in the
danger zone or work area
Unauthorised persons who do not fulfil the requirements described herein
are not aware of the hazards in the work area. This is why there is a risk
of serious or even fatal injuries for unauthorised persons.
•Ensure that unauthorised persons stay clear of the danger zone and
work area.
•If in doubt, address these persons and instruct them to leave the
danger zone and work area.
•Interrupt any running work if unauthorised persons are present in the
danger zone or work area.
This manual uses the following personnel qualifications for various areas of
activity:
Qualified electrician
Due to their special training, knowledge, experience and familiarity with the
relevant standards and regulations, qualified electricians are in the position
to perform work on electrical systems and to autonomously identify and
prevent possible hazards.
Qualified electricians have been specifically trained for the environment in
which they work and they are familiar with all the relevant standards and
regulations.
Qualified electricians must fulfil the requirements as set out in the
applicable legal provisions concerning the prevention of accidents.
Specialised personnel
Due to their special training, knowledge, experience and familiarity with the
relevant regulations, specialised personnel are in the position to perform
any tasks assigned to them and to autonomously identify and prevent
possible hazards.
Operating personnel
Only trained, specialised personnel are authorised to operate the unit. The
persons operating the unit must
•be familiar with the fundamental health, safety, and accident prevention
regulations,
•have read and understood this operating manual, in particular the safety
sections and warning notes, and confirmed this with their signature,
•have been instructed in the operation and maintenance of this
centrifuge.
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3 Safety
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3.5 Informal safety instructions
•This operating manual is a part of the product.
•The operating manual must be kept at the location of use of the
centrifuge. Ensure that it is accessible at all times.
•The operating manual must be handed over to any subsequent owner
or operator of the centrifuge.
•Any changes, additions or updates received must be added to the
operating manual.
•In addition to the operating manual, the general and local rules and
regulations concerning the prevention of accidents and the protection of
the environment must also be supplied.
•Safety and danger indications on the centrifuge must be kept readable
at all times. If necessary, they must be replaced.
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Refrigerated Centrifuge Sigma 4-16KS
3 Safety
20 / 99
Version 07/2012, Rev. 1.26 of 24/10/2023 • sb
Original operating manual, part no. 0701702
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3.6 Safety instructions
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3.6.1 Electrical safety
As protection against electric shock, the centrifuge is equipped with an
earthed mains power cable and connector. To ensure the effectiveness of
this safety feature, the following must be ensured:
DANGER
•Ensure that the wall socket is properly wired and grounded.
•Check that the mains voltage agrees with the nominal voltage listed on
the name plate.
•Ensure that the mains power cable is intact prior to using the
centrifuge. Damaged or faulty mains power cables must be replaced
immediately.
•Do not place vessels containing liquid on the centrifuge lid or within
the safety distance of 30 cm around the centrifuge. Spilled liquids may
get into the centrifuge and damage electrical or mechanical
components.
•Only qualified and specialised personnel are authorised to perform
service tasks or repairs of the electrical system for which the housing
needs to be removed.
•Inspect the electrical equipment of the unit regularly. Defects such as
loose or burnt cables must be eliminated immediately.
•Following the completion of any type of repair or service, the qualified
and specialised personnel must perform final inspection and testing in
compliance with the relevant standards.
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3.6.2 Mechanical safety
In order to ensure the safe operation of the centrifuge, observe the
following:
WARNING
•Do not open the lid when the rotor is in motion!
•Do not reach into the rotor chamber when the rotor is in motion!
•Do not use the centrifuge if it was installed incorrectly.
•Do not use the centrifuge without panels.
•Do not use the centrifuge if the rotors and inserts show signs of
corrosion or other defects.
•Only use the centrifuge with rotors and accessories that have been
approved by the manufacturer. In case of doubt, contact the
manufacturer (see chapter 7.3 - "Service contact").
•Do not hold your fingers between the lid and the housing when closing
the lid. Risk of crushing!
•Defective lid relieving devices could cause the centrifuge lid to fall
(contact the service department, if necessary). Risk of crushing!
•Do not hit or move the centrifuge during its operation.
•Do not lean against or rest on the centrifuge during its operation.