Tektronix 7A13 User manual

1 Ν ST F t U
CT10
Ν
ΜΑΝ U A L
Te k t r onix, Inc .
7 Α
13
A MPL I F I ER
. r te

S . W . M illi k an W ay " Ρ . Ο . Box 500 "
B eaverto n , Oregon 97005 " Ph
one 644-0161
"
Ca b les : Te k tronix
ι
Serial
Number
4/o - ~- , -'
070-0978-00

1069

WARRANTY
All
Tektronix
instruments are
warranted
against
defective materials and
workman-
ship
for one year . 7i ktronix
transformers,
manufactured in our plant,
are warranted
for the life of the
instrument .
Any questions
with respect to the war-
ranty mentioned
above should be taken
up
with
your Tektronix Field Engineer .
Tektronix
repair and replacement-part
service
is geared directly to the
field,
therefore
all requests for repairs and
re-
placement
parts should be
directed to the
Tektronix
Field Office or
representative
in
your area . This procedure
will assure
you the fastest possible
service . Please
include the instrument Type
and Serial or
Model Number with
all requests for parts
or service .
Specifications and price
change privi-
leges reserved .
Copyright '0' 1969
by Tektronix, Inc .,
Beaverton, Oregon .
Printed in the United
States of America .
All rights reserved .
Contents of this
publication may not be
reproduced in any
form without permis-
sion of the copyright
owner .

S E CTIO N 1
SPE CI
F
ICATIO N

P age

S E CTIO N 3 CI RCU IT D E
SCR I P TIO N

P age
Intro d u ctio n
1 -1

Introdu ction

3-1
E lectrical
C
h aracteristics

1-1

B loc k Diagram Descri p tion

3-1
Deflection F actor

1-1

In p u t Mode Switc hes

3-1
Commo n M ode Sign al R ange

1-1

In pu t Atten u ators

3-1
Differential Signal R ange

1-1

In pu t So u rce and E
mitter F ollowers

3-1
F re qu ency Resp onse

1-1

Differential
a
n
d Common M od e Signal Clam p s 3-1
Overd rive R ecovery

1-1

Differe n tial
Com
p
arator

3-1
Common
M ode R e j ection R atio

1-1

χ 1 an d
χ
10 Gai n -Switch ing Am p lifier

3-1
M axim u m In p
u t V oltage

1-2

χ 1 , χ 2
an
d Χ 5 Gain-Switc h i n g Am p lifier 3-1
In p
u t R an d C

1-2

Driver Am p
lifier

3-1
M axim u m GateC u rrent

1-2
DC Drift

1_2

O u t pu t Am p lifier

3-1
Disp laye dN
oise

1-2

Trigger Am p lifier

3-1
Com parison
V oltage

1-2

F ee d bac k L imiter

3-3
System C h a r acteristics

1-2

R eado u t Logic

3-3
E
nviro n mental C h aracteristics

1-2

V c Decimal L am p Driver

3-3
Altit ude

1-2

Detailed Circ u it Descrip tio n
3-3
Tra n s portation

1-2

In p u t M ode Switc
h 3-3
In p u t Atten uators

3-3
S E CTIO N 2
O
PER
ATI N G I N ST RU CTIO N
S

In p u t So u rce
and E mitter F ollowers

3-3
Intro
du ction

2-1

Differe ntial
Sig n al an d Common M ode Signal 3-4
F
ront-
P anel Descrip tion

2-1

Clam p
s
Test Set u p C h art

2-1

Differential
Com p arator

3-4
Familiarization P roce du
re

2-2

Χ 1 and X10 Gain-Switc h ing Am p lifier

3-4
First-Time O peration

2-2

Χ 1, Χ 2 an d Χ 5 Gain-Switc hing
Am p lifier

3-5
F ront P an el A d
ju stments

2-3

Driver Am p lifier

3-5
Exam p
les of V oltage/Signal M eas u rements

2-3

O u t p u t Am p lifier

3-5
Single-en ded operation DC M eas u
rement

2-3

Trigger Am p lifier

3-5
Differential Com p arator
O p eration, DC

2-4

F ee d bac k L imiter

3-5
M eas u rement
R ea d ou t L ogic and V c
Decimal L am p Driver

3-5
Single-End
ed O peration, W aveform

2-4
M eas u
rement

L ow V oltage P
ower Su pp lies

3-5
Differential
Am p lifier O peration

2-4

Com parison
V oltage Ge nerators

3-5
Use of Vc O U T 0-10 V Ti pJ ac k
2-4
General
Disc u ssion

2-5

S E CTIO N 4 M AI N T
EN
A
N C E
Common M o d e R e j ection

2-6

P reventive M
aintenance

4-1
Am p lit u d e an d Commo n
M o d e R e j ection

2-9

General

4-1
Factors Wh ic h Affect
C MRR

2-9

Cleaning t he
F ron t P anel

4-1
Differential Am p lifier
A pp lications

2-11

Cleaning t he
Interior

4-1
Χ - Υ A p p
lications

2-11

V is u al Ins p ection

4-1
P
assive Signal Co u p ling M et h o d
s

2-11

Tra n
sistor C h ec k s

4-1
TA BLE OF
CO
N
T EN TS
Ty pe 7 Α 13

SE CTIO
N 5 PERF O RM A N
C
E
C HE CK /
CA L I BR ATIO
N
Type 7A13
TA
BLE O F CO N T EN
TS (Cont)
P age

P
age
Calibration

4-1

C
hec
k /Ad ju st Ste p Atten u ator
DC
B
alance 5-8
Corrective M aintenance

4-1

C h ec k /Ad ju st P osition Ce n ter

5-8
General

4-1

C h ec k /Ad ju st Trigger
DC
B
alance

5-9
Obtaining R
e p lacement P arts

4-1

C h ec k /Ad ju st Sig n al
O u
t p
u t DC L evel

5-9
Sp ecial P arts

4-2

C h ec k /A d ju st Trigger
O u t p ut DC L evel

5-9
Soldering Tech ni qu es

4-2

C h ec k /A d ju st Gain

5-9
Switc h
Rep lacement

4-4

C hec k Gate
C
u rrent

5-9
L
am pRe p lacement

4-5

P reliminary Com p arison V
oltage C h ec k &

5-10
T r
o u bles h ooting

4-5

T hermal Com p ensation
A d ju stment
Intro
du ction

4-5

C h ec k Com p arison V
oltage

5-10
C h ec k /Ad ju st
Common M ode Th ermal

5-10
General

4-5
Com p
ensation
In d icator Oscillosco
p e

4-5

I n p ut R
esistance & DC Atten u ation R atio

5-11
O p erating P
rocedu res a n d Control Settings
4-5

Ad
ju stments
Trou ble
Sym p toms

4-5

C h ec k /Ad ju st +In pu t 10 Χ
DC

5-11
Attenu ation R atio
V is u al Ins
p ection

4-6
C
h
ec k /A d ju st +I n pu t 1 Χ
DC
In pu t

5-12
Calibratio n
C
h
ec k
4-6

R esistance
Detaile
dTrou bles h ooting

4-6

C h ec k /Ad ju st +In pu t 100
Χ DC

5-13
General

4 - 6

Atten u ation R atio
Test E qu
i p ment R ecommende d
4-6

C h ec k /Ad ju st -In p ut
10 Χ DC

5-13
Atten u ation R atio
Tro
u bles h ooting by Direct R e p
laceme n t

4-6

Check/Adjust -I n p u t 1
Χ DC In pu t

5-14
Tro
u bles h ooting Aid s

4-6

R esistance
Tro
u bles h ooti n g Tech ni qu
es

4-7

H ig h -F re q uency
Com
p
ensatio n Ad ju stments

5-15
Com p onent C h ec k s

4-8

C h ec k /A d ju st H ig h - F
re q u ency

5-15
Instr
u ment R e p ac k aging

4-9

Com p ensation
Attenu ator Com p
ensation A d ju stments

5-20
C h ec k /Ad ju st +I npu
t Atten u ator

5-20
Com p ensation
C hec k /A d
ju st -I n p u t Atten u ator

5-23
Intro d u ction

5-1

Com p ensatio n
Test E q u i p ment R
equ ire d
5-1

Commo n
M ode Re j ection A d ju stments

5-25
Ge n eral

5-1

C
h
ec k /A d ju st Am p lifier H ig h - F
re qu ency

5-25
Test Equ i p
me n t

5-1

Commo n M od eRe j ection
S h ort- F orm
P erformance C h ec k
/Calibration

5-3

C h ec k /A d ju st Attenu ator
Common M o d e

5-27
P rocedu
re

R e j ection at 100 Hz
P
erformance C h ec k /Calibration
P rocedu re

5-5

C h ec k /Ad ju st Attenu
ator Common M ode

5-28
General

5-5

R e j ectio n at 10 kH z
P reliminary Proced u
re

5-6

Trigger & Signal Am p lifier
R es p onse C h ec k s 5-28
DC an d Gain A d ju stments

5-7

C h ec k Trigger Am p lifier
Gain an d Ste p 5-28
R es ponse
C h ec k /Ad ju st P osition
Center & DC B ala nce 5-7
C h ec k Trigger Am p
lifier H ig h -F re q uency

5-30
C h ec k /A d ju
st Χ 10 DCB alan ce

5-8

Si ne W ave R
es
ponse

TA
BLE O F CON T EN
TS (Cont)
P age

Page
Check Signal Am p lifier H ig h - F re qu ency

5-31

SE
CTIO N 6 ELE CT R
ICA
L
P A RTS L IST
R esp onse
Abbreviations
& Symbols
C h eck Signal Am p lifier 5-MHz B andwi d t h
5-31
Sine W ave R esp onse

P
arts Or d eri n g Information
Com p a r ison V oltage Ad ju stments

5-31
C h eck /Ad ju st 10- V olt Calibration

5-32

SE
CTIO N 7 DIAG R A M S A
N
D
ME CH A N ICA L
C h ec k /A d ju st 1- V olt Calibratio n
5-33

P A R TS I LLU STR ATIO
N S
C h ec k Com parison
V oltage L inearity

5-33

Diagrams
M ec h an
ical P arts Ill u strations
C h ec k V olts Co unter M
ech a
n
ical B ac k las h 5-33
C h ec k E lectrical Zero

5-34

SE CTIO N 8 ME
CH AN ICA L P A R TS L IST
N oise & Overdrive R
ecovery C h ec ks

5-34

M ec h
anical P arts L ist Information
C h ec k N oise

5-35

I n dex of M
echanical P arts Ill u st r atio n s
M ech a n ical P arts L ist
C heck Over d
rive R ecovery Time

5-36

Accessories
Ty pe 7 Α 13

Fig .
1-1
.
Type 7
Α 13
Differential Comparator
.

C h ange information, if any, affecting t h
is section
will
be fo un d at
t h e
rear of t h e man u al .
I N TR
OD
UCTIO N

C h aracte r istic
The Ty p
e 7
Α
13 V ertical Plug-In is α DC coup le d d iffere n tial
comparator wit h excelle n t commo n -mo de r e j ection a n d medi-
u m gain c h aracte r istics for me d i u m level applications . The
Type 7 Α 13 is desig ned fo r use in Te k t r onix 7000 se r ies oscillo-
sco p es . It may be u se d as αd iffe r en tial i n p u t p ream p lifier
o r conve n tio n al p ream p lifie r in ad d ition to its u se as α com-
pa r ator .
In t h e d ifferential in p u t mo d e, t h e dyn amic r ange allows
t he ap p licatio n of
common-mo
de
signals up to +10 o r -10
volts
to be app lie d to t h e u nit wit h ou t atte nu ation . Common-
mo de re j ection ratio of at least 20,000 :1 at DC to 100 kH z
p ermits meas u reme n ts of diffe r e n tial sig n als less t ha n 1 m V
in am p lit u d e on 10 volt commo n -mo de signals .
Wh en u se d as α differe n tial com p arator, t h e Ty p e 7 Α 13
h as an effective offset ra n ge of 10,000 d ivisio n s .
ELE CT R ICA L CH A R ACT ER ISTICS

F re q u ency R es p onse
T h e elect r ical c h a r acteristics desc r ibe d i n Table 1-1 are

(8 Div R eference)
valid over t he state d envi r onme
ntal r ange fo r i n
str
u me
n ts
calibrate d at an ambie n t tem pe
r at u re of +20° C to +30° C
a n d afte r α20-min u te
wa
r m
u p p erio d un less ot h e r wise noted .
C h aracteristic
Deflection F actor
( V O L TS/DI V )
Calib r ate d R ange
Gain R atio Acc u racy
Un calib r ated ( V a r i-
able)
Common
M ode Signal
Ran ge
1 mV /Div to
50 mV/ Div ;
Χ 10 V c Ιη
10 mV /Div to
50 mV/ Div ;
X10 V c O u t
0 .1 V /Div to
0 .5 V /Div ;
Χ 10 V c In
0 .1 V /Div to
0 .5 V /Div ;
Χ 10 V c O u t
TA BLE 1-1
ELE CT R ICA L C H A R ACT ER ISTICS
P erformance R e q u i r ement
1 m V /Div to 5 V /Div, 12 ste p s i n
α 1, 2, 5 se q u ence
W it h i n 1 .5% of GAI
N ad ju
ste d
at 1 mV /Div
Continuo
u
sly
variable : exte n d s
deflectio n factor to at least 12 .5
V /Div
At least +10V and -10V
At least +100V and -100V
At least +500V
and
-500V
SECTION I
SPECIFICATION
1 V /Div to 5 V /Div ;
Χ 10 V c Ιη
Differential Signal R ange
1 m V /Div to
50
mV/
Div ;
ΧΙΟ V
c In
10 m V /Div
to
50
m
V /Div
;
X10 V c O u t
0 .1 V /Div to
0 .5 V /Div ;
Χ 10 V c In
0 .1 V /Div to
0 .5 V /Div ;
X10
V c O u t
1
V /Div to 5V /Div ;
Χ 10 V c Ιη
FULL Ba n dwidt h
U pp e r L imit
AC (Cap acitive)
Co u p le d Inp u t
L ower B an dwidt h
F re qu ency
5
MH z B an dwidth
Over d rive R ecove r y
(IX Attenu ator at
1 m V /Div)
Commo n M o d e R e j ec-
tio n R atio
1 m V /Div to
50 m V /Div
X10 V c In'
DC to 100 kH z
100 kH z to 1 MHz
1 MHz to 10 MHz
20 MHz
10 m V /Div to
50 m V /Div ; Χ 10 V c
O u t ;
0 .1 V /Div to 5 V /Div ;
Χ 10 V c In or Out
DC to 10 kH z
P erforma nce Req u ireme n t
At least -1--500 V a n d

-500 V
At least 0 .8 V
At least
8 V
At least 80 V
10 Hz o r less
See F ig . 1-2 .
At least 2,000 :1
AC Co u p led at 60 Hz I At least 500 :1
Ty pe 7 Α 13
See Table
1-2,
System
C h aracte r is-
tics
DC to
5 MH z wit h in 500 kH z
1 μS

to

recover

wit h in

1 .5
m V ,
0 .1 ms to recove r wit h in 0 .5
m
V,
followi n g r emoval of a +10V or
-10V over d rive signal .
At least 20,000 :1, 20 V Ρ - Ρor less
test sig n al
At
least 10,000
:1,
10V
Ρ - Ρ or less
test signal
C
MRR = 10,000/f r eq u en cy (MHz)
At least 250 :1, 1 V Ρ - Ρo r less test
signal

Specification-Type 7 Α 13
C h aracteristic
Maxim u m I n p u t V oltage
DC
(Direct) Co u ple d
DC - Ι - P ea k AC
1 m V /Div to
50 m V /Div ;
Χ 10 V cΙη
10 m V /Div to
50 m V /Div ;
X10 VC O u t
0 .1 V /Div to
0 .5 V /Div ;
Χ 10 V c In
0 .1 V /Div to
0 .5 V /Div
;
X10 V c O u t
1 V /Div to 5 V /Div ;
Χ 10 V cΙη
AC (Ca p acitive) Co u p -
le d In p u t
I npu t R and C
R esista n ce
Ca p acitance
R an d C Pr od u ct
Maxim u m Gate
C
u rrent
0°Cto+35°C
B ot h Inpu
ts
+35 0 C to +50 0 C
B ot h I npu ts
DC D r ift
Drift W it h Time (Am-
bie n t Tem p erat ur e
an dL ine
V
oltage Co n -
stant)
Sho
r t Term
L ong Term
TA BLE 1-1

C h aracte r istic
ELE CT R ICA L CH A R ACT ER ISTICS (cont)
D r ift W it h Ambie n t
Temp e r at u re ( L ine V ol-
tage Consta n t)
Am p lifier Crosstal k
P erformance R e q u irement
40 V DC . 40 V P ea k AC, 1 kH z or
less
400 V DC . 400 V P ea k AC, 1 kH z
or less
500 V DC . 500
V
P ea k AC, 1 kH z
o
rless
500 V DC
7500 Se
r
ies

None

75

4 .7

1
.5

2 .5

3 .5

55

6 .4
1 ΜΩ within 0 .15%

Ρ 6053

75

4
.7

1
.5

2 .5

3 .5

55

6 .4
Ρ 6048
7700 Se r ies

N 6 n e

100

3 .5

1
.5

2
.5

3
.5

55

6 .4
Ρ 6053 100 3 .5 1
.5 2 .5 3 .5 55 6 .4
f or se t t i n gs .

Ρ 6ο48
W
it h in 1 % for all d eflection fac-
1 m V Ρ - Ρ or less o r 0 .1 Div o r less
(w h ic h ever is greater) any 1 minu te
i n terval with i n 1 h ou r afte r 20 min-
u tes from turn-on .
1 m V Ρ - Ρor less o r 0 .1 Div (w h ic h -
ever is g r eate r ) d u ring any h ou r
after
t h
e
first h ou r an d 20 min-
u tes
from
turn-on .
2 m V /10° C or less, 0 .2 Div/10°
C
(wh ic h ever is greater)
1 % o r less s h ift wit h in 20 ns of
ste p of fast rise s q u a r ewave w h en
switc h i ng u nd r iven i np u t from
G N D to AC o r DC
Dis played N oise (Tan-
gentially M eas u red)
Com par ison Voltage
R ange
Acc ur acy
E lect r ical Ze r o
V c O U T R esistance
C
h aracteristic
Altit
ud e
Non-Operating
Transpo r tation
P erformance R equ irement
400 μV o r less at 1 m V /Div i n
Type 7700-Series or 7500-Se r ies
in d icator oscillosco pe
OV to -4-10V
±

0 .1
%
ο

setti n g
+5
m V )
0 .5 m V or less
15 k Ω wit h i n 5 k Ω
SYST EM C H A R ACT ER ISTICS
T
h esystem ch
a r acte r istics liste d in Table 1-2 a r e to s p ecify
t h epe r fo r ma n
ce of
t he pl u g-in wit h va r io u s combinatio n s of
probes a n d in vario u s in d icator oscillosco p es .
TA BLE 1-2
SYST EM CH A R ACT ER ISTICS
In d icato r I Pr o b e Ι BW Ι Τ , Ι

'Acc u racy W

Ι

Sig O u t
Oscilloscope

(MHz)

I n s)

'UT 1

4 ΙΝΤ

BW

Τ r
t

CA L

Ι

CA L

Ι

CA L (MHz) Ι (n s)
Ο .2
πΑ 0r
less
( Ο .2 D Ίν at 1 mV/D Ίν )

'Acc
ur acy p ercentages apply
to
all deflection facto
r s . Plug-in GAI N
m
u st be set at t h e d eflection
facto r
d
esig n
ate
d at t h e app licable
position of t h e V O L TS/DI V switc
h . Wh
en
α pr ob e is u se d , t h e GAI N
2 ηΑ or less (2 D Ίν at 1 m V /D
Ίν )

m u st be set with t he calib r ation signal a p p lied to
t he pr obe ti p .
2 E XTe rn al CA L ib r ator, 0 ° C to 50 ° C : The p l u g-i
n
GAI N
is set (within
10 ° C of t h e op er ating temp e r at u re) u si ng an exte rn al calib
r ato r
signal w h ose acc u racy is wit h i n 0 .25% .
'I N Te rn al
CA
L ib r ator, 15 ° C to 35 ° C : T h e plug-in GAI N is set u si n g
t h e oscillosco p e's own calib r ato r and t h e i n str u men t is op e r ati
n g
within t he +15 ° C to +35 ° C range .
'I N Ter n al CA Lib r ato r , 0 ° C to 50 ° C : T h e plug-in GAI N is set (wit hin
10 °
Cof
t h e o p e r ati ng tem p e r at ur e) u si n g t h e oscilloscope's own
calibrator, and
t h e inst rum ent is o p e r ati n g within t h e 0 ° C to +50 ° C
r ange
.
ENV I R O NMEN TA
L
CH
A R ACT ER ISTICS
TA BLE 1-3
Ty p e 7 Α 13 teste d alone (se p arate f r om in d icator oscil-
loscope)
Information
To 50,000 feet a n d -55° C
Q u alifie d u nde r N ational Safe
Tran sit Committee test p r oce d u re
1 Α , Catego r y ΙΙ

J ` ξ
Οα
α
---------------------------------------
----------
ϋίϋϋϋϋϋϋϋϋϋίπ ~ πσϋϋϋϋϋϋίίϋιίιιί πίίίίίιίίί ~ ίίίίίίιίίιίίίίίιιίιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιι ιυπι " π "
ιιιι

igloo
ιιιιυππ
ιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιι ιιυιυ "
πιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιππ " ιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιι " π "
ιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιι ιι 1/ // " ο " ιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιι
/// ιο " ιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιιι 1// π " σ
ΙΙΙΙΙΙΙΙΙΙΙΙΙΙΙΙΙΙΙΙΙΙΙΙΙΙΙΙΙΙΙΙΙΙΙΙΙΙΙΙΙΙΙΙΙΙΙ "1111/1 / """"" ΙΙΙΙΙΙΙΙΙΙΙΙΙΙΙΙΙΙΙΙΙΙΙΙΙΙΙΙΙΙΙΙΙΙΙΙι 11 Ι 11 Ι 11111111 ι /ι // """"
ΙΙΙΙΙΙΙΙΙΙΙΙΙΙΙΙΙΙΙΙΙΙΙΙΙΙΙΙΙΙΙΙΙΙΙΙΙΙΙΙΙΙΙΙΙΙΙΙΙΙΙΙ //// """"
ΙΙΙΙΙΙΙΙΙΙΙΙΙΙΙΙΙΙΙΙΙΙΙΙΙΙΙΙΙΙΙΙΙΙΙΙΙΙΙΙΙΙΙΙΙΙ . . : ~ 1 ι/// """"" ΙΙΙΙΙΙΙΙΙΙΙΙΙΙΙΙΙιΙ 1 ιΙ 111 ΙΙΙ / ΙΙΙΙΙΙΙΙΙΙΙΙι 1Ι 111111 ΙΙΙΙ // """" ΙΙΙΙΙΙΙΙΙΙΙΙΙΙΙΙΙΙι 1Ι 111111111 ΙΙΙΙΙΙ 11 ΙΙ 1111 Ι 11111 " ///// """
Specification-Type
7 Α 13
λ
υ
ε
m
ά
Fig . 1-2 .

Ty pe

W3 common
mo d
e
rejection r atio g r a ph . It pertai n s to 1 mV /Div t hr o u g h 20 mV /D ίν deflection facto r s .

NOTES

S E CTIO N 2
O
PER ATI N
G
I N ST RU CTIO N S
C h ange information, if any, affecting t h is section will be fo un d
at t he
rear of t h e man u al .
I N TR OD UCTIO N

twelve
settings above . Α minim u m
of 2 .5
times t h e
V
O L TS/DI V switc h
T h is section o p ens wit h α b r ief f un ctio n al desc r i p tion of

setting is p rovi d e d .
T
h e UN
CA L
t he f r ont p anel cont r ols a n d connecto r s (see F ig . 2-1) . F ol-

lam p lig h ts w h en t h e VA
RIABLE
lowi ng t h e f r ont- panel desc r i p tion is α famila r ization p ro-

cont r ol is ou t of t h e CA
L decent .
ced ur e and fi n ally α gene r al disc u ssion of t h e ope r ation of
the Type 7 Α
13 .

PULL VA R F O R Χ 10 Vc

Selects

α

Vc

R ange

10 Χ

t h at
-P A NEL D E
SC
R I P TIO N

R A N G E Switc h

w h ic h is indicated on t h e V O
L
TS/
FRONT -PANEL

Switc h . T h is only occ ur s
for
R ι n
- φ

10, 20, and 50 m V /DI V an d .1, .2
1-50 mV

Ill u min ates w h e n switc h S10, lo-

and

.5 V/DI V settings

of

t h e
VA R IN O NLY

cated on left side of p l u g-i n , is

VO L TS/DI V switc h .
L am p

t urn e d cw . Th is indicates α + IN-

-I
NPU T
Co
nn ector

Same
as fo r -}- I NPU T connector
PU T and -I NPU T imp e da n ce of

above .
approximately infinity w h eneve r
t h e VO L TS/DI V switc h is set be-

-I
NPU
T
M ode Switc
h
Selects AC, DC,
G
ND
o r
V c
M ode
tween

1

a n d

50
m
V,

VA
RIABLE

of co u p li ng for t h e -I NPU T c h
an
k nob
is p
u
s
h
ed
in and 1
Χ p
r obe

nel .
i s u se d .
ST EP ΑΤΤΕΝ B A L

Ad ju sts for no vertical tr ace move-
NOTE

A d ju stme n t

ment as t he VO L TS/DI V switc
h
W it h V O L TS/DI V switc h set f r om .1 V to 5 V, lam p
setti n g is varie d f r om 10 to 50
remai n s onb u t in pu t im ped
ance
is  1
ΜΩ an d t he

m V /DI V .
in pu t atte nu ator is uncom p ensate d .

GAIN

A d ju sts t h e amplifie r gai n for dis-
CO MP A R ISO N V O L T-

Selects

p olarity

of

com p arison

A d ju stment

play of fo ur d ivisio n s upon r eceipt
AG E ( V c) + and
-

voltage .

of α 4-m V signal w h en t h e VO L TS/
Pu s h b u ttons

DI V switc h is set to 1 mV a nd t h e
VA
RIA BLE control
is
set to CA L .
CO MP A R ISO
N V
O L T-

Reads o u t t h e voltage selected by
AG
E (
V c) Co un te r

t h e CO MP A R ISO NV O L TAG E ( V c)
selector switc h i n co nju nction wit h
F I NE, VO L TS/DI V an d PULL V A R
for X10 V c RA N G E controls .
VA R B A L
CON
TR
O L

Ad ju sts for no ve
r
tical
t r
ace
move-
ment as V A RIABLE (
V
O
L TS/DI V )
k nob is va r ied t hr o u g h ou t its
range .
CO MP A R ISO N V O L T-

Selects α com p ariso n voltage
AG E ( V c) F I NE Control

somew h e r e betwee n t
h
e
lowe r and

Release L atc h Pull to wit h d raw p l u g-i n from indi-
u pp er limits of t h
e selected ban d
cator oscillosco pe .
above .

BW Switc h Selects eit h e r t he FULL bandwidt h
+
I NPU T
Co
nn
ector

Provi d es α mea n s of conn ection for

o r 5 MHz .
sig n al meas ur ement . It also con-

V c
O U T 0-10V J ac k

Pr ovi d es α conve n ience o u tlet for
tai n s α t h ird co n tact fo r p robe at-

t h e com pa r ison voltage .
ten u atio n info r matio n . Th is ena-
bles prop er r eado u t of deflection

POSITIO N Cont r ol

Positions dis p lay vertically on t h e
factor on C RT scree n .

C R T face .
CO MP A R ISO N V O L T-

Selects one of te n voltage r anges
AG E ( V c) Selector Switc h

f r om zero to te n volts .
+ I NPU T M od e Switc h Selects AC, DC, G N D or V c M o de
of co up li n g fo rt h e +I NPU T c han-
nel .
Vc REF -ID
EN
T Pu s hb u t-

I n ter n ally disco n nects
bot h signals
ton

an d a pp lies
Vc
to
bot
h i np
u ts .
T E ST S E T
UP
C H A R T
Ty p e 7 Α 13
Χ
10 B A L

Ad ju sts for no ve r tical t r ace move
A d ju stment

ment
as V
A RIABLE ( V O L TS/DI V )
kn ob is p u lle do u t .
VO L TS/DI V Switc h Selects on e of twelve volts pe r
d ivision cali b rated deflection fac-

F ig .
2-10
s
h
ows α d
r awing
of t h e f r ont pa n el cont r ols a
n
d
tors .

connecto rs
.
Th
is c
ha r t
can be
r
epro d u ced and used as α test
set up r eco r
d
for
s p ecial meas u reme n ts and a pp lications, o
r
V O L TS/DI V VA RIABLE

Selects
an
un cali b rated deflectio n
it may be used as α training ai d for op eration of t h e Ty pe
Co n t r ol

factor somew h ere betwee
n
t h e

7 Α 13 .

O pe r ating Instr u ctions-Ty pe 7 Α 13
F irst-Time
O p
eration
Fig . 2-1 . F ront p a n el of Ty p e 7 Α 13 and location of R ;  α φ switch 510 .
F A M I L IAR IZATIO N PR
OC
E D URE
T he following
ste p s are inte nd e d to h el p get t h e trace on
t h e
C
R T
screen qu ic k ly an d to p r e p are t he u nit for imme d i-
ate u se . Th ese ste p s are inten d ed to acq u aint you wit h some
of t h e basic f u nctions of t h e Type 7 Α 13 .
3 . Turn
t h
e
I
n te n sity co n t r ol f u lly co un tercloc kwise an d
t
u rn t he oscillosco pe Powe r ON . Pr eset t h e time-base p l u g-in
triggeri n g cont r ols for α .5 ms/ d iv swee p rate and a u tomatic
trigge r i ng .
4 . W ait abo u t five minu tes for t h e Type 7 Α 13 an d t h e
oscillosco p e to warm up .
ΝΟΤΕ
1 . Inse r t
t
h e u nit i n to t he oscillosco pe vertical p l u g-in com-

Abo u t five min u tes is s u fficient warm u p time w h en
p a r tment .

using t he
Ty pe 7
Α
13
for
s
h
ort-term DC meas u re-
ments
.
For long-term
DC meas u
rements using t he
2 . Set t h e Ty p e 7 Α 13 f r ont p anel
controls as follows :

lower deflection
factors, allow at least one ho u
r .
Ζ - Ζ
CO MP A R ISO
N
V O L TAG E

Pu s h b utto n s canceled
( V c) Polarity
CO MP A R ISO
N V O
L
TAG E As is
( V c) Co u nter
I NPU T M o d e

G N D
- I
NPU
T
M o d e

G N D
VO L TS/DI V 1 V
V A R IABLE

In (CA L )
ST EP ΑΤΤΕΝ B A L As is
GAI N As is
X10 B A L As is
VA R B A L

As is
BW

5 MHz
POSITIO N

M idrange
5 . A d ju st t he I n tensity control for n ormal viewing of
t he
trace . T h e trace s h o u l da pp ear nea rt h e gratic u le ce n ter .
6 . U sing t h e POSITIO N cont r ol, p osition t h e t r ace two
divisions below g r atic u le cente r . Set VO L TS/DI V to 1 mV
p ositio n .
ΝΟΤΕ
If trace is off screen, perform F ront P a n el A d ju st-
ments ou tline d below .
7 . Apply α 4 m V p ea k -to- p ea k calibrato r signal t hr oug h α
coaxial cable to t h e
-F
INPU T con n ector on t h e Type 7 Α 13 .
8 . F or DC co u p le d , si n gle-e n ded o p eratio n , set t h e +
I NPU T M o d e Switc h to DC . T h e dis p lay s ho u ld be 4 divi-
sions of s q u a r e waveam p lit u de wit h t h e bottom of t h e dis-
play at t h e reference established i n ste p 6 .

NOTE

2 .
Vary
t he V A R IA BLE cont r ol t h ro ugho u t its r an ge w h ile
If t he dis play am p lit u de is not 4 d ivisio n s, a d ju st

observing t he C R
T t
r ace .
GAI N co n trol u ntil it is .

3 . A d ju st V
A R B A L so t h at t h ere is no t r ace moveme n t
9 . F or AC co u p le d , single-en d e d operation, re-position t h e

while varying t h e V A R IA BLE co n trol
.
d is p lay to p lace t h e bottom of t h e d is p lay at t h e gratic u le
cen te r line .

X10 B A L A d ju stment
10 . Set t h e + I NPU T M o de switc h to AC a n d note t h at the
d is p lay s h ifts d ownwar d abo u t two d ivisions to its average
level
.
11 . Disconnect t h e calib r ator signal from t h e + I NPU T
conn
ecto r .
Set b
ot h t he + a n d - I NPU T M o de switc h es to
G ND
.
15 . A d ju st X10 B A L so t h at t h ere is no t r ace moveme n t
w h ile movi ng t h e PULL
VA
R F O R X10 V c R A
NG
E kn ob
in a n
do u
t .
16 . Vary t h e V O L TS/DI V switc h f r om 20 m V to 1 mV w h ile
obse
r
ving t
h
e C
R T t r
ace .
17 . A d ju st STEP ΑΤΤΕΝ B A L so t h at t h e t r ace does not
move w h ile varying t h e V O L TS/DI V switc h .
18 . Rep eat ste p s 12 t
hr
oug
h
17 un
til op tim u m settings are
ac h ieve d .
19 . Pu s h
i n t h
e PULL VA
RF
O
R
X10 V cR
A
N
G E kn ob .
F ront P anel A d ju stments
Co u nter

As is
+
I
NPU
T M o
de

GN D
- I
NPU
T
M o de

G ND
V O L TS/DI V 1 V
VA RIABLE

In (CA L )
STEP ΑΤΤΕΝ B A L

M id r ange o r as is
GAI N As is
X10 B A L

M id r ange o r as is
VA R B A L

M id r ange o r as is
BW

5 MHz
P OSITIO N

M id r ange
O p erating Instructions-Type 7A13
1 . Set t h e V O L TS/DI V switc h to 10 m V .

Pull o u t t h e PULL
VA R F O R X10 V c R A N G E kn ob w h ile obse r ving t h e C RT
trace .
2 . A d ju st Χ 10 B A L so t h at th e r e is no trace moveme n t
w hile movi ng t h e k nob in and o u t .
12 . Set
t h
e V O L
TS/DI
V switc
h
to
1
m V . V
ary t h
e V
A R I-

STEP ΑΤΤΕΝ B A L A d ju
stment
A BLE cont
r
ol
t hr
oug
h
o u
t its r
ange
w h ile observi ng t h
e C
R T
trace .

1 . V ary t h e
V
O L TS/DI V switc h from 20 mV to 1 m V w h ile
13 . Ad ju st VA R B A L so t h at t h ere is no trace movement

ob
serving t h e C R T trace .
w h ile varying t h e VA R IA BLE co n t r ol .

2 . A d ju st ST EP
ΑΤΤΕΝ B A L so t h at t he trace does n ot move
14 . Set t h e V O L TS/DI V switc h to

10 m V .

Pull o u t t h e

w
hile va r ying t he V O
L TS/DI V switc h .
PULL V A R F O R Χ 10 V c R A N G E kn ob w h ile ob serving t h e

3 . Repeat all bala n ce ad ju stments u ntil op tim u
m settings
C RT trace .

a r e ac h ieved .
GAI NAd
ju
stment
1 . Using t h e P OSITIO N control, p osition t he C RT t r ace two
d ivisions below gratic u le cen ter .
2 . Set V O L TS/DI V to 1 mV positio n .
3 . Apply α4 m V p ea k -to- p ea k cali b rator signal t hr o u g h α
coaxial cable to t h e + I NPU T conn ector on t h e Ty pe 7 Α 13 .
4 . Set t h e + I NPU T M ode switc h to DC .
5 . A d ju st GAI
N
con t r ol so t h at t h e d is p lay is fo ur divisio n s
of s qu a r e wave am p lit u d e wit h t he bottom of t h e dis p lay at
t h e refe r ence establis
h ed i n ste p 1 .
T h ese ad ju stme n ts m u st be accomplis h e d eac h time t h e
Ty pe 7 Α 13 is p laced i n α diffe r e n t oscilloscope, and sh o u ld

E
xam
p
les of
V oltage/Signal M easurements
be c hec k ed p rior to any critical meas u rement of waveforms .

T
h e following exam
p les are pr ovi d ed to ill u strate some of
P reset Ty p e 7 Α 13 controls as follows :

t h
e va
r
io u s ways to u
se t h e Type 7Α 13 . All exam p les p r e-
s u me t h at t h e Type 7 Α 13 front
p
anel ad ju stme
nts h ave bee n
CO MPA R ISO N V O L TAG E
ma de satisfactorily .
T h
ese
exam p
les ca
n
be
dup licate d by
( V c) P ola r ity

Pu s h bu tto n s can cele d
an op erator to serve as
familia r
izatio
n exercises .
ΝΟΤΕ
In all
t h e following exam p les t h e CO MPA R ISO N
V O L TAG E ( V c) selector switch setting an d t h e
V O L TS/DI V switc h setting h ave been set on t h e
basis of α voltage in pu t w h ose a pp roximate val u e
is k nown (an d is wit h in t h e maxim u m in p u t signal
range of t h e Ty pe 7 Α 13) . The switc h settings can
be determined
by single end ed or differe n tial com-
parator met h o d s, sta r ti ng wit h t he least sensitive
V O
L TS/DI
V
setting of 5 V .
E xam
p
le 1
Allow 20 min u tes Wa r m up time .
Single-en de do pe r ation, DC meas ur ement . M easu re t h e
VA R B A L A d ju stment

voltage o u t p u t of 1 .5 volt battery . (Any convenie n t DC
so ur ce can be
substit u te d by setting t he deflectio n facto r
1 . Set t h e V O L TS/DI V switc h to 1 m V .

of t h e Ty p e 7
Α
13 acco
rd i n gly .)
2- 3

O pe r ati n g Inst ru ctions-Ty p e 7 Α 13
Set t h e Type 7 Α 13 front p a n el co n t r ols as follows :

E xam p le 3
COMPA R ISO N V O L TAG E
( V c)
P ola rity

E it h
e
r +
o
r -
Co un ter

As is
λ - INPU T M ode

GN D
-Ι- INPU T Co nn ector

Con n ecte d to b atte r y p osi-
tive te r minal . N egative te r -
minal connecte d to ground
l u g on front panel .
- I NPU T M ode

GN D
VO L TS/DI V

.5 V
VA RIABLE

In
(CA L )
STEP ΑΤΤΕΝ B A L As is
GAI
N As is
X10
B A L
As is
VA R B A L

As is
BW

5 MHz
POSITIO N

M i d range
1 . U se t h e POSITIO N control to set t h e trace to DC-0 ref-
ere n ce .
F
or signals with α
hig h
AC
to
DC
ratio, t he AC an d
DC signal com p onents can be eval u ated
simu ltan-
eo u sly by using DC co up
li n g an d single-en d e d
operation met h od s .
3 . Mu lti p ly t h e n u mber of divisio n s dis p laye d by t h e
deflection facto r (3 d iv Χ
.5
V = 1 .5 V) . Th e i np u t voltage

6 . Disconnect t h e calib
r
ator signal .
am p lit u de is 1 .5 volts ±0 .3 Volts .
2 . Place t h e + I NPU T M ode switc h to DC .
Note t h at if t he in p u t voltage we r e a pp lie d to t h
e - IN-

E xam
p le 4
PU T connecto r , wit h + I NPU T M o de switc h set to GN D an d
- I
NPU T M ode switc
h
set to DC,
t
h e 3 d ivisions deflection

Diffe r ential Am p lifie r O pe r ation . M
eas
ur e
t h
e
diffe r
ence
wo u ld be dow
n
wa
r
d, since
t h
e -
I
NPU
Tca
u ses an inverte d
between t h e oscillosco pe Calib r ato r + V olts ou t pu t and α
presentation .

mo d ifie d Calibrator + V olts o u t p u t .
Ty p e 7 Α 13 co n t r ol setti n gs are t h e same as exam p le 3
above wit h t he followi ng exce p tion : The - I NPU T M ode
E xam p le 2

switc h s h o u l d be set to DC .
Differential Com p arator O pe r ation, DC meas u rement .
M eas ur e t h e voltage o u t p u t of α 1 .5 volt batte r y .
Type 7 Α 13 control settings a r e t he same as for E xam p le 1
above .
1 . Set t h e CO MP A R ISO
NV
O L TAG E ( V c) Polarity switc h to
+ an d set t h e
co
un ter to 0150 .
2 . Set t he VO L TS/DI V switc h to 20 mV and pull t h e VA R I-
A BLE k nob o u t .
3 . U sing t h e POSITIO N control, set t h e t r ace to DC ze
r o
reference (gratic u le center) .
4 . Sim u lta n eo u sly p lace t h e + I NPU T M ode switch to DC
a n d t h e - I NPU T M ode switc h to V c .
5 . U sing CO MP
A R
ISO N V O L
TAG E (
V c) cont
r
ols,
r
eset
t h e
trace to DC zero r eference .
2- 4
Single-E nded O p eration-wavefo r m meas ur eme n t .
M eas u re t he oscillosco pe Calib r ato r -Ι - V olts wavefo r m a n d
DC level .
Type 7 Α 13 control settings a r e same as fo r exam p les 1 a n d
2 except fo r th e + I NPU T connector, w h ic h s h o u ld be con -
n
ected to
t h
e Calib
r
ato r λ - VO
L
TS BN C connecto
r
on t
h e
oscillosco pe via coaxial cable .
1 .
Set
t h
e oscillosco p e Calibrator control to 40 m V .
2
.
Set VOLTS/ DI V Switc h to 10 mV p osition .
3 . Set
+
I NPU T M ode switc h to AC an d set t h e time base
p l u g-i n controls fo r α stable display .
4
.
Comp u te AC waveform am p lit u de u sing t he POSITION
cont rol to establis hα r efe r ence line . (4 divisions d eflectio n
times 10 mV/ DI V yields 40 mV .)
5 . Determin e t h e DC level on w h ic h t h e waveform is rid-
i n g, u si n g t h e met h o d sh own in eit he r exam p le 1 or 2 . N ote
t he DC level of t h e top or bottom of t h e wavefo r m as de-
sire d .
ΝΟΤΕ
1 . Set t h e V O L TS/DI V Switc h to 20 mV position .
2 . Connect α BN CΤ ada p ter to t h e Calibrato r + Volts
ou t p u t of t h e oscillosco pe .
3 . Bu il d and conn ect αvoltage d ivi d er to t h e BN C Τas
ill u st r ate d in F ig . 2-2 .
4 . Co nn ect t h e jun ctio n of t he two resistors to t h e - IN-
PUT co nn ecto r via coaxial cable .
5 . Set t h e oscillosco pe Calibrator + Volts o u t pu t to 4 V .
6 . Sim u ltaneo u sly place t he + I NPU T an d - I NPU T M ode
switc hes to G
ND
. U sing t h e POSITIO N con t r ol, set t h e t r ace
to DC zero r efe r e n ce two divisio n s below t h e gratic u le ho r i-
zontal cente
r
line .
7 . Sim u ltaneo u sly set both t h e + a n d - I NPU T M o de
switc h es to DC . Ad ju st t h e time-base pl u g-in triggering con-
tr ols
if
n
ecessary
to obtain α stable waveform .
6 . Read t h e val u e of t h e in pu t voltage on t h e CO MPA R
I-

g .
M eas u re t h e wavefo r m am p lit u de . It will be equ al to
SO N V O L TAG E ( V c) coun ter . It s h ou l d be 1 .5 volts ±0 .3

the
differe n
ce
between t h e two in pu t wavefo r ms . (A pp roxi-
volts .
mately 40 m V ; t
h
is is t
hevoltage drop across t h e 1 k Ω resis-
7 . Disconnect t h e battery from t he Type 7 Α 13 .

tor .)

Co nn ect to
+I NPU T
Co
nn
ecto
r
ι
BN C Τ CO NNE CTO R
Con n ect to

Co nn ect to
Cali brator

-I NPU T
+
V olts

Co nn ector
U se of V c O U T 0-10 V
Ti
p J ac k
CO MPA R ISO N V O L TAG E ( V c) can be rea d on α voltmeter
or oscillosco pe connecte d to t h e V c O UT 0-10 V tip j ac k . T h e
read i n g (or wavefo r m) m u st be e qu al to t h e CO MPA R ISO N
V O L TAG E V c switc ha n dF I NE co n trol settings . If αh ig h im-
ped ance voltmeter (one w h ic h d raws little or no c u rre n t from
t h e meas ur ed voltage) is u sed, t h e meas ur ed val u e will be
wit h i n ±0 .5% or ±5 mV (w h ic hever is greate r ) of t h e V c
co u nter .
If an acc u rate, low im ped ance meas u ring d evice is u se d ,
t he val u e r ead will be t h e val u e ap p lie d to t h e selecte d in pu t
c h an nel, b u t it will disag r ee wit ht h e CO MPA R ISO
N V
O L T-
AG E V c control setting . T h e amo u nt of d iffe r e n ce will be
dete
r mi n
ed by
t h
e deg
r
ee of loadi
n gca
u se d by t
h
e meas ur
-
i ng device
. Wh en
t h
e loa d is
r
emoved by d isconnecting t
h
e
meas
u
ri ng d evice, t h e voltage will r et ur n
to
t h
at indicated by
t he CO MP A R ISO N V O L TAG E V c con trol .
T he V c O U T 0-10 o u t pu t can be u sed as α voltage so ur ce,
b u t t h e acc u racy and val u e of V c will vary i n ve r sely wit h t he
loa d i ng effect, ju st as it does wit h α meas ur i ng d evice con-
nected to it . T h is is ill u strate d in F ig . 2-3 .
ΝΟΤΕ
U se s h ielded leads w h e n ever connecting to t he V c
O U T 0-10 ti p j ac k w h ile waveform observations
are being
made
.
Stray voltages of 10
mV
or
more
can
be p ic ked
up
by unsh iel d
ed cables connected
to t h
e
ti p j ac k
s .
T h
is
induced noise will affect
t
he
C RT p resentation w h enever one of t h e I NPU T M o d e
switc h es is in t h e V cp osition
.
G
ENER A L DISC U SSIO N
F ig . 2-2 .

V oltage divider fo r E xam p le 4 .
10
6
O pe r ating Inst ru ctions-Ty pe 7Α 13
1 κΩ
100
κΩ
(CO MP A R ISO NV O L TAG E )
V c = 10 .0
V ε= 9 .0
V c = 8 .0
V c = 7 .0
V c=6 .0
V c = 5 .0
V c = 4 .0
V c = 3 .0
V c = 2 .0
νε = 1 .0
An
oscillosco pe wit hα d iffe r ential amplifier
is
αdevice

Ι

50 οΚ

5 οΚ

5 Κ Ι
t h at am p lifies a n dd is p lays αvoltage d ifference t h at exists

L OAD RE SISTA NC E
at eve r y insta n t betwee n signals ap p lie d to its two in pu t c h an
-
nels .

T h e following - con cl u sio n s can be d raw n from t h is d
ef-
inition w h en two sig n als a r e a pp lie d to t h e in p u t of αd if-

Fi g .
2-3
. Effect of exte r nal loa d connecte d to Co mp a r iso n V oltage
fere n tial am p lifier .

V c OUT 0-10V jac k .
2-5

O per ating Inst ru ctions-Ty p e 7 Α 13
2-6
2 .
If t he two signals are in ph ase bu t of d ifferent am p li-
t ud es,
t he o u t pu t will e q u al t h e am p lit u de d ifference .
FRE Q UEN CY
(+I
NPUT) -
(-INPU
T) =-0
.05 V
A pp arent DCC MRR = 200 :1
(See g r a ph fo r effect on ACCM RR)
ΜΩ
ΜΩ
F ig . 2-4 . T h e effect of d iffe r e n ce in so ur ce impedance upon a pp
are n t
C
MRR . ( H ig h impedance so u rces .)
Common Mod eRe j ection
1 . If two sig n als are in ph ase an d of e qu al am p lit u de ( h ere-

p lit ude
t
h eou
t p u t signal is αcom p lex q u antity d erived from
after calle d commo n -mo d e), t h eo u t pu t will be zero .

bot h am p lit u d e an d p
h ase d ifferences .
3 .
If t h
e
two signals a r e ou t of p hase and of eq u al am p li-
t ud e t he ou t pu t will be
t h e p hasor differe nce between t he

Thed efinitio n of
t he te r m " d ifferential am p lifie r " imp lies
two signals . (Sin u soi d
al signals .)

α re j ection of e qu al am
p lit u d e, coinci d e n t signals . Th is imp li-
cation is co r rect . H
owever, t h e degree of r e j ection d e p end s
4 . If t h e two
signals are ou t of p hase an d of d ifferent am-

p rimarily on t he symmet ry of
t
h e
am p lifier in pu ts .

The

α
α
ξ
υ
FRE Q UEN CY
O p erating Instructions Type 7 Α 13
(+I
NPU T) - (-INPU T) =-0 .0005 V
Appa r ent DCC M RR= 20,000 :1
(See gra ph for effect on AC CM RR)
F ig . 2-5 . T h e effect of d iffe r
ence
i n
so
urce
impedance upon appa r e n t C MRR . ( L ow impe da n ce sour ces .)
amo un
t
of d iffere n ce signal cont r ib u te d by αp artic u lar am-

Common- M ode R e j ection R atio (C MRR) : R atio of t h ed eflec-
p
lifier
at α s p ecific fre q u e n cy is docu mente d wit h α mat h -

tion factor fo r α common-mo de signal to t h ed eflectio n factor
ematical

r elatio n s h
i p
t h at is calle d t h e common-mo d e re-

for αd ifferential signal .
j ection ratio (C MRR) . T h is ratio and associate d terms are
define d as follows :

NOTE
Since t he d ifferential am p lifier is p art of an oscillo-
Common- M o de : R efers to sig n als t h at are i d entical in bot h
sco p e, t h eo u t pu t signal used to calc u late t he C MRR
am p lit u de an d time . It is also u se d to identify t h e res p ective

is meas u re d from t he C R T screen an d V O L TS/DI V
p arts of two sig n als t h at are i d entical in am p lit u de an d time .

switc h setting . T hu s, α d ifferential am p lifier t hat
p rod
u ces α
.001
volt o u t pu t w h en d riven
by α 10
Commo n - M o de R e j ectio n : Th e ability of αd ifferential am-

volt p ea k to p ea k common-mo d
esignal
h
as α
p lifier to re j ect commo n -mo d e signals .

C MRR of 10
-
.001 or 10,000 :1 .
2-7

Operating Instr u ctions-Ty pe 7 ι 413
2-8
F ig . 2-6 . Ca p acitive a nd
inductive reacta n ce vers u s f r equ ency .
. .
ι , . :
ι ~~
:
ιΙΙ~~\ λ R .. . .! ί :~ ΆίΙΊ f1 " \ \~ . m ι ~ νηιΊ
Rigo
Ί ,
in W ii .~4 ί :W τϊϊ Wi v sa? ί S
:4
ί
:
W "
ιτϊϊ .' " ~i
ιπι
MINING,,
. . :

~1 ιπι , ρ
PA
. .
M14
~
OWNING
ιιι . ρΡι . ." :~~~e
π ~ι~ ιι .

.0
4
MIN A
1
;
ι

j/' Ί ''
" ~~,
~
. .
"
,ι
j /'Ί :~~

Ί
"
~ Ύ '~ /' ί ' "~
~
.
"
~Ι

Q~ ,, "" ι , "
~ Ι

IRON,

ιι
. ι .ιΙΙ
~~
:

1 ιΙΙ

"
Ι ~
.
., " .ι
.. ιιι
.
._ . . ωιιι

Am p lit u d e an d
Common- M o
d e
R e j ection
In t h e text w h ic h follows, t he term "I
np
u t Signal
R ange"
mea n s t h e common-mo de o pe r ating range of voltage t hr o u gh
w h ic h t h e am p lifie r will p r od u ce α u sable o u t p u t . Th is s h o u l d
not be conf u se d wit ht he maxim u m (non-destructive) i np u t
voltage, w h ic h is relate d to t h e brea k down limits of t h e am-
p
lifie
r com pone n ts .
F
actors
Wh ic h Affect C MRR
F re qu ency . Since
t h e common-mode o u t pu t voltage is
α factor of phase
diffe r ences as well
as
gain betwee n
chan-
n els, t h e freq u ency of t h e in p u t common-mo de signal h as α
d irect bearing on the C MRR . Gene rally, as t h e fre qu ency
of t h e in p u t signal i n c r eases, t h e C MRR d ecreases . ( Exce p
tion :
wit h AC-co up le d i n p u t, t h e C MRR will b ecome h ig h e r as f r e-
qu en cy is i n c r eased f r om DC to over 100 Hz .)
T h e u ser may d esire to con st ru ct α similar graph
of C
MRR
vers u s fr eq u e n cy for s p ecific a pp lications w h ere t h e so u rce
or sig n al t r an s po r ti n g lea d imp edances a r e u nbala n ced . F ig .
2-6 is i n cl u d ed for t h is p u r pose .
Signal Trans p orting L eads . Α p r i n ci p al re q u iremen t for
maxim u mC MRR is t h at t h e signals a rr ive at t h e am p lifie r 's
two in p u ts wit h no c h ange in p h ase o r amplit u de . Slig h t
diffe r ences in atten u ation factors, o r p h ase s h ift betwee n two
i npu t atte nu ato r s may r ed u ce t he C MRR 20% or mo r e .
Atte nu ator p robes exte n d t he u sable voltage range of α
differe n tial am p lifier by red u cing t h e i n pu t sig n al level below
χ 10 Pr ob e Α

I
1
+
ΙΝΡ U Τ ιΙ
9 ΜΩ

ι

ΙΙι
Χ 10 Pr obe Β
9 ΜΩ
Ι
M atc h e d
1 ΜΩ
r esisto r s
Ι
-
INPUT ν

ι
ι
Diffe r ential
W o r st case

C MRR

a mp
lifie r
d iffe r e n ce

limitatio n
b etween

i n t r odu ce d
Pr ob e
Α
a n d

by pr o b es
Pr ob e Β
1 0 / (0 .5% r esisto r s)

111 :1
2 %

(1 %

r esistors)

55 :1
10% (5% resisto r s)

11 :1
F ig . 2-7 . Sim p lified circuit showing t h e limitation in C MRR t h at α
d iffe r e n ce betwee n atte nu ato r pr o b es can i n trod u ce . Differences be-
twee n pr o be ca p ac ί tances ad d to t h e effect
on AC
signals .
( Α ) R ig h t
So ur ce Im p e d ance . T h e s p ecifie d C MRR ass u mes t h at

( Β ) Wr o n g
t h e p oints being meas ur ed h ave identical so ur ce imp eda n ce .
T h e sou rce imp edance and t he am p lifier in p u t imp eda n ce
form an R C d ivi d er w h ic h d etermi n es t he po r tion of t h e sig n al
t h at a pp ears across t he am p lifier inp u t, and t he a ppa r ent
effect on C
MRR . See F
ig .
2-4 an d 2-5
.
~_
Ι

Ι
_ J
ci rc u it
u n de r
test
(C) Wr ong
O pe r ati ng Inst ru ctions-Ty p e 7 Α 13
ι

INS
pr obe s h iel d s
tie d toget h e r

Ι'
Ι
Ι

Diffe r
e n tial
ι

A mp lifie r
ι
ιΙ J

Ιι
ci rc u it
und e r test

common
g
r o und
p ro be s h iel
d s

Diffe r en tial
s
ho
u
l d
not
b e

ι

Am p lifie r
floating
I t
Ι

Ι
Ι
_ J 1
circuit

pr o be sh iel d s s hou l d
unde r test

not b e g r o und e d to
e qu i pme n t und e r test
Diffe r
en
tial
Am
p lifie r
F ig .2-8 . Co nn ecti n gαd iffe r e n tial am p lifie r ac r oss α circuit .
t h e maxim u m common-mo de in pu t voltage . H owever, α re-
d u ction i n t h e appare n t C MRR will u s u ally occ ur beca u se of
comp onent val u e diffe r e n ces wit h in t h e p r obes . F o r exam p le,
F
ig .
2-7
ill
u
strates t h e
c
h ange in C MRR (a pp a r ent) d u e to
Χ 10 p
robes t h at a r e with i n 1, 2, an d 3% of t h eir attenu-
ation
val u e .
2- 9

Operating
Inst ru ctions-Ty pe 7
Α 13
ξ ο
C)
ω
Ζ
Ο
ήα
α
υι Ο
-i υ
φ
Fά
η
Ν
Δ
φ
υ
= υ
Η
α
IL
Ζ
c
η " Ο
α
2-10
έ
Ο
Ο
0
CL
Ο ) ω
α
0
-0
ύ
- ς
ω
Μ
i
=
α
ο
Λ
Ν
ά )
" Ό
ν
φ
σ
ς
σ
α
ο
ω
0.
ς
σ
υ-
0
Ν
ο - ρ
η σ
α
Ν
CL Ό
ο
φΜ
ς
Μ
.- Ο
- σ
Ο
C Μ
m
ν
σ
άι
ω
Ζ σ Ν
m -ρ

)
λ
ο
Ν
λ
Ο
c
ω
= ύ
σ ω
ω .-
ιΩ
Ν
α ω
Q
C=
ε0
0
ν
-'
ϋ
Ν
Q
υ _
ν
Q
υ
c
c °
'
ι α
υ
Ο
ο
α
σ
G
υ
ξ
ω
ν
Ζ
m
ω
.
Ι 1
α -
U - c -
Ο
συ
" Χ ω
ρ α
ο0
ν 0 U
ίν
c
α
ύ " σ
ς
0
ω
σ
=υ
σ
Φ =
λΟ )
ωΩ
Cσ
" μ
ε ο
-
: :j
Q
ο
ω
Ν
σ
ο
ν
τ
ω
ώό
Μ
α
ω
Λ
α
υ c
Ο
υ_
Qρ
σ
ή ' Χ
σ
ο ω
Q
Ν
ac Ό α U
ν άν ~
Ζ CZ ^
m έ m ο
S ω . ι
_ = .~ c
3 Ο _ . ο
~ " -

C _
Ω Μ ε
σ
`Q
. °

CUD
ρ ό
c
α
ν
Ο
.
οοό
G
ο
φ
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