Tektronix 314 User manual

WARRANTY
Tektronix warrants that this product is free from defects in materials and workmanship. The
warranty period is one (1) year from the date of shipment. Tektronix will, at its option, repair or
replace the product if Tektronix determines it is defective within the warranty period and if it is
returned, freight prepaid, to a service center designated y Tektronix.
Tektronix is not o ligated to furnish service under this warranty:
a. to repair damage resulting from attempts y personnel other than Tektronix
representatives to install, repair, or service the product;
. to repair damage resulting from improper use or from connecting the product to
incompati le equipment;
c. if personnel other than Tektronix representatives modify the hardware or software.
There is no implied warranty of fitness for a particular purpose. Tektronix is not liable for
conse uential damages.
Copyright © 1975 Tektronix, Inc. All rights reserved. Contents of this pu lication
may not e reproduced in any form without the written permission of Tektronix, Inc.
Products of Tektronix, Inc. and its su sidiaries are covered y U.S. and foreign
patents and/or pending patents.
TEKTRONIX, TEK, SCOPE-MOBILE, and
Tektronix, Inc. are registered trademarks of
Printed in U.S.A. Specification and price change privileges are reserved.
070-1823-00 First Printing Jan 1975

TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE
OPERATING INFORMATION i
Introduction 1
Safety Information 1
Power-Source Requirements 2
AC Power Source Selection 2
DC Power Source Selection 3
FUNCTIONS OF CONTROLS, CONNECTORS,
AND INDICATORS 4
Vertical 4
Display 5
Triggering 7
Horizontal, Cali rator, and Power 8
MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES io
Triggering the Sweep 10
Triggering Internally on the Input Signal 10
Triggering from an External Source 11
@314 Operators

TABLE OF CONTENTS (cont)
PAGE
Internal and External Sweep 11
X-Y Displays 12
Using External Sweep Voltage 12
Selecting Sweep Rate and Use of the Magnifier 12
Signal Application to Vertical Input 13
How to Measure Voltage 14
AC Signals 14
Instantaneous Voltage Measurement 15
Voltage Comparison 15
How to Measure Time 16
Risetime 16
Delay Time 17
How to Measure Frequency 17
How to Measure Phase 18
How to Make Dual-Trace Phase Measurements 18
How to Make High-Resolution Phase Measurements 19
How to Measure Common-Mode Rejection 19
ii 314 Operators @

TABLE OF CONTENTS (cont)
PAGE
How to Use External Blanking (Z-Axis or Intensity Modulation) 20
How to Store a Display 21
Using Enhanced Mode 22
Integrated Fast-Rise Waveforms 22
Care of Storage CRT 23
Some Common Operational Errors 23
iii
@314 Operators

Fig. 1. Sony-Tektronix 314 Storage Oscilloscope.
314 Operators

OPERATING INFORMATION
NOTE
INTRODUCTION
The Sony-Tektronix 314 is a dual-channel, 10 MHz porta le
storage oscilloscope.
The dc to 10 MHz vertical andwidth provides cali rated
deflection factors from 1 mV to 10 V/graticule div (25 V/div,
or greater, uncali rated, with VOLTS/DIV VARIABLE in
fully counterclockwise position). A delay line in the verti
cal system permits o servation of that part of the signal
which triggers the sweep.
The horizontal deflection system provides cali rated sweep
rates from 5 s/div to 1 /us/div; and a 10X sweep magnifier to
increase the fastest sweep rate to 0.1 jus/div. Three sweep
modes are availa le: AUTO, NORM, and SINGLE SWEEP.
The trigger circuit provides a sta le display over the full
vertical andwidth.
External horizontal input provides deflection factors of
20 mV to 2 V/div for X-Y operation.
The crt is a direct-view ista le storage device having an
8 x 10 div internal graticule. Each graticule div equals 0.25
inch. An enhance mode increases single-sweep writing speed.
An internal 1 kHz cali rator is connected internally to the
vertical inputs and to a front-panel connector.
The 314 is operated from a line voltage of 100, 115, 120,
200, 230, or 240 V ac, 48 to 440 Hz, or from a +12 or
+24 V dc source.
The 314 automatically reduces the display intensity
level when sweep speeds of 10 ms and slower are
selected. This reduces the possibility of accidentally
burning the sensitive storage crt phosphor at slower
sweep speeds.
When changing from sweep speed settings faster than
10 ms to settings of 10 ms and slower readjust the
INTENSITY control setting as necessary for a visible
display.
SAFETY INFORMATION
The instrument is designed to operate from a single-phase
power source having one of the current-carrying conductors
(the neutral conductor) at ground (earth) potential. Oper
ation from power sources where oth current-carrying
conductors are live with respect to ground (such as phase-
to-phase on a three-wire system) is not recommended since
only the line conductor has overcurrent (fuse) protection
within the instrument.
The instrument has a three-wire power cord with a three-
terminal polarized plug for connection to the power source
and safety earth. The ground (earth) terminal of the plug
is directly connected to the instrument frame. For elec
tric shock protection, insert this plug into only a mating
outlet with a safety earth contact.
REV. A, DEC. 1975 314 Operators 1

POWER-SOURCE REQUIREMENTS AC Power Source Selection
The instrument may e operated on 100, 115, 120, 200,
230, or 240 V ac, from 48 to 440 Hz, or from a +12 or +24
V dc source.
The 115 to 230 V Line-Voltage and Regulating Range
Selectors are located on the rear panel, as shown in Fig. 2.
The AC-DC Selector switch is located on the right-side
panel, as shown in Fig. 3.
This instrument may be damaged if operated
with the Line-Voltage and Regulating-Range
Selector switches set for the wrong applied
line voltage.
To convert from one nominal line-voltage range to the other,
move the Line-Voltage and Regulating-Range Selector
Fig. 2. Line Voltage and Range Selector switches. Fig. 3. AC-DC Selector and DC Power-Source input.
2314 Operators @

switches (see Fig. 2) to indicate the correct nominal ac line
voltage. Be sure that the AC-DC Selector switch (see Fig.
3) is in the 115 V/230 V position. See Ta le 1 for regula
ting ranges. A 115 to 230 V adapter may e required for
the power-line cord.
The internal line voltage fuse value must be changed
when changing the nominal line voltage setting.
WARNING I
Dangerous potentials exist at several points through
out the interior of this instrument. Refer to the 314
Service manual for precautions and procedures con
cerning cabinet removal fuse replacement and nomi
nal line voltage selection. Only qualified service
personnel should attempt fuse replacement or other
internal maintenance procedures.
TABLE 1
Regulating-Range
Selector Position
Nominal Regulating Range
115 V 230 V
LO 100 V ±10 V 200 V ±20 V
M 115 V ±11.5 V 230 V ±23 V
HI 120 V ±12 V 240 V ±24 V
DC Power Source Selection
Move the AC-DC Selector switch (see Fig. 3) to the appro
priate DC position (11 V—14 V or 22 V—28 V). Connect
the DC Input connectors (+ and —) to the dc power source.
REV. B, MAR. 1977 314 Operators 3

FUNCTIONS OF CONTROLS. CONNECTORS. AND INDICATORS
VERTICAL
(T ) CH 1 VOLTS/DIV (charcoal gray knob). Selects cali
rated deflection factors from 1 mV/div to 10 V/div
in a 1-2-5 sequence.
Accuracy: Within 3% over cali rated range.
CH 2 VOLTS/DIV (silver gray knob). Selects cali
rated deflection factors from 1 mV/div to 10 V/div
in a 1 -2-5 sequence.
Accuracy: Within 3% over cali rated range.
CH 1 and CH 2 VARIABLE (CAL). Provides uncali
rated varia le deflection factors etween cali rated
ranges. Extends uncali rated range to 25 V/div.
(T ) CH 1 and CH 2 POSITION. Vertically positions the
display.
( 7 ) CH 1 and CH 2 Input Coupling Switch and Indicator.
GND(middle position). Grounds vertical ampli
fier input.
DC(in position). Presents all components of in
put signal to the vertical amplifier.
( J ) CH 2 INVERT. Button pushed in inverts channel 2
input signal (inverts display).
1823-04
Fig. 4. Front panel.
4
AC(out position). Blocks dc component of in
put signal. Low frequency —3 dB point is a out
10 Hz.
314 Operators

1
(? ) CH 1 and CH 2 VERT INPUT. Signal input connec
tor for channels 1 and 2.
(? ) Chassis Ground. Provides a common-signal ground
return to the signal source. Operating the 314 un
grounded on +12 V or +24 V dc isolates the instrument
from ground-loop currents and conducted radio fre
quency interference (rfi). However, this ungrounded
operation permits the instrument case to rise to the
signal source potential.
DISPLAY
(? ) FOCUS, INTENSITY. Adjust for a sharp, right
display.
Fig. 5. Side panel.
(? ) CHOP. Displays signals from oth channels simul
taneously (dual trace). Display is switched etween
channels at a 100 kHz rate. See NOTE following ALT.
(To) ALT. Signals from oth vertical channels are displayed
alternately (dual trace). Display is switched after
each sweep. See NOTE.
NOTE
When both CHOP and ALT buttons are pushed
in display is the algebraic sum of the vertical-
channel input signals.
Fig. 6. Front panel.
1823-05
@314 Operators 5

© CH 1. Selects channel 1 vertical input for display.
Channel 1 is the triggering signal. See NOTE follow
ing CH 2.
@ CH 2. Selects channel 2 vertical input for display.
Channel 2 is the triggering signal. See NOTE.
NOTE
When CH 1 and CH 2 buttons are pushed in to
display both channel I and channel 2 signal
generates an internal composite trigger signal.
(T3) STORE. Instrument is in storage mode with utton
pushed in, and in non-store mode with utton out.
(|4) ENHANCE. Increases single-sweep writing speed.
(T5) AUTO ERASE. Erases stored display after each sweep
when oth AUTO and NORM uttons are pushed in.
(j?) ERASE. Erases the stored display.
(l7 ) ENHANCE LEVEL. Adjusts the single-sweep stored
writing speed.
(iT ) VIEWING TIME. Adjusts the viewing time from a out
1 s after end of sweep to a out 5 s after end of sweep.
(l9^) INTEGRATE. Permits charge to uild up on target
efore the display is stored. For repetitive signals,
parts of which are too fast to store normally.
1823-06
Fig. 7. Front panel.
6314 Operators

EXT BLANK. Input connector for external crt lank
ing signal.
NOTE
TRIGGERING
With AC and AC LF FtEJ buttons pushed in
(EXT DC) accepts all triggering signals from dc
to 10 MHz.
AC. Rejects dc components and attenuates triggering
signals elow a out 50 Hz. See NOTE following AC
LF REJ.
^22) AC LF REJ. Rejects dc and attenuates triggering sig
nals elow a out 50 kHz. Accepts triggering signals
etween 50 kHz and 10 MHz.
(23) INT. O tains triggering signal from vertical deflection
system (CH 1 or CH 2, or oth) when utton is pushed
in. O tains triggering signal from EXT TRIG OR
HORIZ INPUT connector (right-side panel) when
utton is out.
(24) LEVEL. Selects the amplitude of the signal on which
the sweep is triggered.
Fig. 8. Rear panel. Fig. 9. Front panel.
REV. A , AUG. 1975 314 Operators 7

(2?) SLOPE. Selects the slope of the signal on which trig
gering occurs; positive going (+) or negative going (—).
(26) External Trigger Attenuator-Line Trigger Selector. In
the 10X position, an external signal connected to EXT
TRIG OR HORIZ INPUT is attenuated y a factor of
10. In the IX position, the external signal is not
attenuated. In the LINE position, a sample of the ac
power line is used as triggering signal.
(27) EXT TRIG OR HORIZ INPUT. BNC connector for
applying either an external triggering signal or an ex
ternal horizontal signal.
HORIZONTAL, CALIBRATOR, AND POWER
(28) TIME/DIV. Selects cali rated sweep rates from 5 s to
1 /us/div, in a 1-2-5 sequence.
Accuracy, calibrated ranges: Unmagnified, 5 s/
div to 0.5 s/div, within 4%, over center 8 div and
within 5% over any 2 div interval with 8 center
div; 0.2 s/div to 1 /is, within 3%, over center 8
div and within 4% over any 2 div interval within
center 8 div.
1823-10
Fig. 10. Side panel. Fig. 11. Front panel.
8314 Operators

Accuracy, calibrated ranges: Magnified, 0.5 s/
div to 50 ms/div, within 5% over center 8 div,
and within 6% over any 2 div interval within
center 8 div; 20 ms/div to 0.5 jus/div, within 4%
over center 8 div, and within 5% over any 2 div
interval within center 8 div; 0.2 ns and 0.1 ns/
div, within 5% over center 8 graticule divisions.
Within 6% over any 2 division interval within
center 8 divisions, excluding first and last 2
divisions of magnified sweep.
(29) CAL. Varies time/div etween cali rated steps. Range,
at least 2.5X. Uncali rated sweep rate is extended to
12.5 s/div.
(30) SWEEP MAG. Sweep is unmagnified in XI position.
In X I0 position, the horizontal gain increases y a
factor of 10 (sweep expands from graticule center).
X I0 magnifier extends fastest displayed sweep rate
to 0.1 jus/div.
(3?) Horizontal POSITION. Positions the display horizon
tally.
(32) AUTO. Sweep free runs in the a sense of a triggering
signal. See NOTE following NORM.
(33) NORM. Sweep generator requires a triggering signal
to generate a sweep.
NOTE
With AUTO and NORM buttons in sweep runs
once on the first triggering event after RESET
button is pressed.
(34) READY. Lights when single sweep has een reset and
waiting for a triggering signal to start the sweep gene
rator.
(3?) RESET. When pressed, single sweep function is armed;
READY indicator lights.
( i i ) .5 V CAL OUT. Provides a 0.5 V square-wave cali ra
tor signal.
(3?) LOW LINE. Lights when instrument is on. Flashes
when power supply goes out of regulation due to low
source voltage.
REV. A, AUG. 1975 314 Operators 9

MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES
The following procedure descri es a few operational tech
niques and measurements that can e made or used with the
314.
TRIGGERING THE SWEEP
The 314 sweep can e triggered from an internal or external
source. Internal triggering is used for most applications in
volving time, frequency, and amplitude measurements. At
least 0.3 div of deflection is required to trigger the sweep.
After selecting the triggering source, the method of coupling
must e determined. Frequency limitations or ranges of the
coupling methods are descri ed under Function of Controls
and Connectors. Use AC LF REJ (ac low-frequency reject)
to improve trigger sta ility when a trigger signal a ove 50
kHz contains low-frequency components that interfere with
triggering. Use dc coupling for the external trigger if a very
low frequency is the triggering source.
Either manual (NORM) or automatic triggering (AUTO)
mode can e used with a choice of triggering on the (+)
positive-going or (—) negative-going slope of the triggering
signal. For most applications, automatic triggering is used
ecause a sweep is generated even when a trigger signal is
a sent.
In AUTO mode, the displayed signal locks to the trigger
rate when a trigger signal is present to produce a sta le dis
play. AUTO mode covers a wide amplitude range and
permits rapid o servation of many signals and frequencies.
Manual (NORM) triggering is used when the exact trigger
ing point is important, or for triggering on signal frequen
cies elow a out 30 Hz. Manual triggering can also e used
to trigger on single-shot or random events. Triggering
occurs in manual operation when the signal amplitude pas
ses through a reference level set y the LEVEL control.
Changing the trigger signal amplitude or LEVEL control
setting affects the sweep start.
Triggering Internally on the Input Signal
a. Press I NT and AC uttons in. Set LEVEL control to
midrange and SLOPE switch to +. Press AUTO utton in.
. Connect a low-frequency, sine-wave signal to CH 1 VERT
INPUT connector (right-side panel). Press CH 1 utton in.
c. Set CH 1 VOLTS/DIV to .1. Adjust Sine-Wave Genera
tor output for approximately 4 div of vertical display.
10 314 Operators

d. Set TIME/DIV switch to .2 ms and Sine-Wave Generator
frequency to 1 kHz.
e. Turn 314 LEVEL control through its range and note
that the triggering point on the displayed signal changes.
Note that the triggering occurs on the positive-going slope
of the displayed signal.
f. Set SLOPE switch to —. Note that triggering occurs on
the negative-going slope of the displayed signal. Turn
LEVEL control to either extreme position and note that
the triggering point reaches either a peak or a valley, and
that the sweep is no longer triggered (free runs).
g. Press NORM utton in.
h. Turn LEVEL control throughout its range and note that
when the sweep is not triggered, the signal is not displayed.
When the sweep is triggered the LEVEL control sets the
point at which triggering occurs.
Triggering from an External Source
a. Connect the Sine-Wave Generator signal through a tee
connector to CH 1 VERT INPUT connector and to the EXT
TRIG OR HORIZ INPUT connector on the right-side panel.
. Set EXT ATTEN switch (side panel) to X10 and set
INT utton to the out (EXT/LINE) position.
c. Set SLOPE switch to + and LEVEL control to midrange.
d. Press AUTO utton in.
e. Set CH 1 VOLTS/DIV switch to .5.
f. Adjust Sine-Wave Generator for a 4 div vertical display
(200 mV, p-p) into EXT TRIG OR HORIZ INPUT connec
tor.
g. Turn LEVEL control and note that the sweep is triggered
on the positive-going slope.
h. If manual triggering is desired, press NORM utton in
and check triggering as in part h.
i. Set SLOPE switch to — and check triggering as in part h.
INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL SWEEP
As with triggering, most applications call for operation using
internal sweep. The internal sweep rate is set y the TIME/
DIV switch, which permits accurate time and frequency
measurements when the TIME/DIV VARIABLE control is
in the cali rated (CAL) position.
External sweep or horizontal deflection for the 314 can e
used for X-Y displays or for mating the oscilloscope to a
@314 Operators 11

swept-frequency device such as a Spectrum Analyzer. The
external horizontal sensitivity ranges from approximately
20 mV/div (with IX attenuation and Horizontal Magnifica
tion on) to 2 V/div (with 10X attenuation and Horizontal
Magnifier off).
The TIME/DIV VARIABLE control provides an additional
10:1 range with which exact adjustment or cali ration of
horizontal deflection can e made.
X-Y Displays
One signal (vertical input) viewed with respect to another
(external horizontal input) displays patterns that show
phase and frequency relationships.
a. Set TIME/DIV switch to XI, EXT HORIZ. Press AC
utton in and set I NT utton to the out position if the sig
nal has a dc component. Press AC and LF REJ uttons in
(EXT DC) if the signal frequency is 30 Hz or less (within
the input frequency limitations).
. Set the ATTEN switch (X1-X10 on side panel) to the
appropriate position for the voltage level of the external
horizontal signal.
c. Set VOLTS/DIV switch to an appropriate position for
the vertical signal voltage.
d. Apply oth X (horizontal) and Y (vertical) signals to
their respective input connectors and o serve the display.
NOTE
The vertical and horizontal amplifier character
istics must be considered in X-Y operation be
cause of bandwidth and input impedance dif
ferences. To determine phase difference apply
the same signal to both inputs and calculate
the difference.
Using External Sweep Voltage
a. Perform the steps under X-Y Displays.
. Cali rate the horizontal sweep for frequency per div y
adjusting the TIME/DIV VARIABLE control.
SELECTING SWEEP RATE
AND
USE OF THE MAGNIFIER
The sweep rate depends on the desired o servation or
measurement to e made. For frequency measurements,
several cycles or events are usually displayed and the time
12 314 Operators REV. A, AUG. 1975

of 1 cycle or the time etween 2 or more events is measu
red (see Frequency Measurements). A portion of 1 cycle,
or a full cycle is usually displayed when measuring or o 
serving small portions of a wave train (such as risetime,
pulse duration, and a errations). When part of a wave
train or waveform that occurs later than the sweep trigger
are to e examined, the X10 position of the SWEEP MAG
switch can e used to expand the center portion of the dis
play. The effective sweep rate for the expanded portion is
decreased y a factor of 10; therefore, timing measurements
must e divided y 10. Portions of the display to e expand
ed should e centered with the POSITION control efore
switching to the X10 position.
SIGNAL APPLICATION TO VERTICAL INPUT
For most applications, the P6049B, or similar pro e, should
e used as an interface etween the signal source and the
oscilloscope vertical input. The pro e increases the input
resistance of the oscilloscope system to a out 10 Mf2 and
decreases the effective capacitive loading to a out 13.5 pF.
The higher the impedance ratio etween the input to the
oscilloscope system and the signal source, the less the cir
cuit under test is loaded, and the more accurate the measure
ment. Because of circuit loading considerations, all
measurements should e made at low impedance points in
the circuit eing tested.
NOTE
To insure that measurements are accurate al
ways compensate the probe before using. To
compensate the probe touch the probe tip to
the .5 V CAL OUT connector on the 314 front
panel and adjust the compensation for the
best front-corner response to the square wave
signal (set VOL TS/Di V switch to 10 m and
TIME/DIV switch to 1 ms).
For applications in which the source, such as the output of
a signal generator, is a coaxial connector, use a coaxial ca le
etween the oscilloscope and the signal source. In this
application, loading is not a pro lem; however, to preserve
signal fidelity, the ca le impedance should equal the source
impedance and the ca le should e terminated in its charac
teristic impedance at the oscilloscope input.
Use a common-ground return etween the signal source and
the oscilloscope. When a pro e is used, connect the shortest
possi le ground lead near the signal source to avoid a long
signal path to ground.
WARNINGH
If the 314 is powered from an external dc source
(not connected to an ac power source) provide
@314 Operators 13