Tektronix 519 User manual

INSTRUCTION
MANUAL
Tektronix,
Inc.
S.W.
Millikan
Way
@
P.O.
Box
500
©
Beaverton,
Oregon
©
Phone
MI
4-0161
@
Cables:
Tektronix

Type 519
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TYPE
D,
E,
H,
122,
1121
and
519
IMPORTANT
a
Before
operating
this
instrument,
be
sure
to
remove
the
plastic
shipping
clamps
from
the
shock
mounts
of
the
amplifier
chassis.
These
clamps
should
be
saved
and
reinstalled
as
shown
in
the
sketch
if
the
instrument
is
to
be
shipped.
Be
sure
the
tongue
is
inserted
next
to
the
chassis
to
prevent
damage
to
the
shack
mount.
The
clamp
should
be
on
the
same
side
of
the
shock
mount
as
the
nut.
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Section, 1__
Section 2
Section 3
Section 7 Accessories
Section 8 Parts List and Diagrams
Type 519

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woe
TYPE
519
OSCILLOSCOPE
SERIAL
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pecrnpiin
ies,
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Type
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»
General
Information
The
Tektronix
Type
519
Oscilloscope
is
a
wide-band
laboratory
instrument
designed
expressly
for
the
observation
and
measurement
of
high-frequency
phenomena.
Fast
linear
sweeps,
high
CRT
accelerating
potential,
excellent
triggering
sensitivity,
wide-band
trigger
system,
and
vertical
bandwidth
well
beyond
1000
megacycles
permit
accurate
repetitive
and
single-shot
displays
to
be
observed
and
photographed
from
tractional-nanosecond
signals.
An
inter-
nal
delay
line
in
the
vertical
channel
of
the
instrument
permits
display
of
the
leading
edge
of
the
signal
triggering
the
oscilloscope.
Sweep
delay
control
through
35
nano-
seconds
permits
viewing
signals
before
and
after
the
main
signal
event.
The
Type
519
incorporates
two
internal
waveform
gen-
erators.
An
adjustable
repetition-rate
fast-rise
pulse
gen-
erator
and
a_
fast-rise
calibration-step
generator
supply
waveforms
which
can
be
used
to
check
the
calibration
of
the
oscilloscope
itself,
or
to
drive
external
devices.
These
wave-
form
generators
meet
most
requirements
to
complete
a
test
setup.
VERTICAL-DEFLECTION
SYSTEM
Vertical
Deflection
Factor
With Type
T519P-A
CRT,
less
than
10
volts
per
cm.
Exact
CRT
deflection
factor
indicated
on
CRT
face
mask
of
each
instrument.
Passband
With Type
T519P-A
CRT,
de
to
1000
megacycles
minimum
at
3-db down.
Risetime
With
Type
T519P-A
CRT,
less
than
0.35
nanosecond
*
Input Impedance
125 ohms.
*1
nanosecond=10°?
seconds.
@
SECTION
1
CHARACTERISTICS
Maximum
Allowable
Input
Power
to
Vertical
Channel
1.8
watts,
corresponding
to
-K15
volts de
or
rms.
Maximum
Allowable
Peak
Signal
Amplitude
£100
volts.
Repeated
pulses
of
higher
voltage
may
dam-
age
the
125-ohm
signal
termination
resistor.
Internal
Signal
Delay
Approximately
45
nanoseconds,
fixed.
Voltage
Standing
Wave
Ratio
Nominally
1.25:1
to
1000
me.
TRIGGER
Triggering
Signal
Sources
Internal
from
-+
applied
signals,
internal
from
the
Rate
Gen-
erator,
internal
from
the
Calibration-Step
Generator,
and
external
from
=
trigger
inputs.
External
Triggering
Signal
Requirements
Pulse
amplitude:
20
millivolts.
Duration:
1
nanosecond
or
longer.
Maximum
permissible
external
triggering
signal:
+10
volts
peak,
higher
with
external
attenuators,
Repeti-
tion
rate:
to
1000
mc.
Internal
Triggering
Signal
Requirements
Pulse
amplitude:
sufficient
signal
to
produce
a
2
trace-
width
deflection
on
the
screen
{approximately
200
mv).
Dur-
ation:
1
nanosecond
or
longer.
Repetition
rate:
to
1000
mc.
Countdown
A
sweep
is
obtained
for
each
trigger
signal
at
trigger
signal
frequencies
below
the
maximum
sweep
repetition
rate.
Trig-
gering
circuits
countdown
for
trigger
signal
frequencies

Characteristics—Type 519
higher
than
the
maximum
sweep
repetition
rate.
Sine-wave
trigger
requirements:
]
mc
to
1000
mc,
20
mv
peak-to-peak
external
trigger
input,
or
200
mv
peak-to-peak
signal
to
verti-
cal
‘input.
Pulse
Amplitude
or
Sync
Single
control
adjusts
pulse
triggering
level
or
high-fre-
quency
sync.
An
additional
control
provides
vernier
sync.
Delay
Sweep-start
delay
over
a
range
of
35
nanoseconds.
Pet-
mits
waveform
to
be
positioned
horizontally
within
the
sweep,
to
display
a
selected
time
interval.
TIME BASE
Sweep Rates
Nine Ranges: 2, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 200, 500, and 1000 nano-
seconds per centimeter.
Accuracy
Typically within 2% of indicated rate on all ranges except
the 2-nanosecond range, which is within 3%. These specifi-
cations apply to the entire sweep except for the first 2 nano-
seconds or 2 mm (whichever is larger).
Single Sweeps
Normal or single sweeps selected by front-panel switch.
+ Trigger Output
Greater than 1-volt pulse into 50 ohms upon triggering.
Delayed + Gate
Greater than 1-volt gate into 50 ohms during sweep; delayed
with respect to + Trigger Output depending on the setting
of the sweep-delay control.
RATE GENERATOR
Risetime
Less than 0.8 nanosecond (0.5 nanosecond typical).
Pulse Repetition Rate
3 cps to 30 ke, continuously variable.
1-2
Pulse Duration
10 nanoseconds nominal.
Output Impedance
50 ohms.
Amplitude
Approximately +15 volts.
CALIBRATION-STEP GENERATOR
Risetime
Approximately 0.1 nanosecond.
Repetition Rate
Adjustable from 250 to 1000 step waveforms per second;
normally operated near reed-switch resonant frequency at
approximately 750 steps per second.
Output Impedance
125 ohms.
Amplitude
Into 125 ohms, 0 to 10 volts. Into 50 ohms through T50/T125
adapter, 0 to 1 volt. Voltages applied to both impedances
are continuously variable and calibrated. Uncalibrated volt-
ages up to 50 volts into 125 ohms.
Polarity
The ouput polarity can be selected by a front-panel switch.
CATHODE RAY TUBE
Type
T519P-A
Phosphors
Type P11 phosphor standard (recommended for single-shot
photographic recording at fastest sweep rate). Other phos-
phors available only on special request.
Usable Viewing Area
Two centimeters vertical, six centimeters horizontal.

Accelerating
Voltage
24 kv.’
Spot Diameter
0.004
inch
{approximately
0.1
mm)
at
normal
intensity.
Deflection
Electrostatic.
Vertical
deflection
system
is
125-ohm
dis-
>
tributed-constant
delay
line.
Conventional
horizontal
deflec-
tion plates.
CONSTRUCTION
AND
POWER
REQUIREMENTS
Construction
Single-unit
construction
with
light-weight
aluminum-alloy
chassis
and
four-piece
vinyl-finish
cabinet.
Side
panels,
top
and
bottom
panels
are
separately
removable.
Ventilation
Filtered
forced
air
with
Protective
thermal
cutout
insures
safe
operating
temperatures.
Dimensions
Approximately
221/,”
high,
1434,”
wide,
and
251,"
long.
Weight
Approximately
99
pounds.
@i
Characteristics—Type
519
Power
Requirements
105
to
125
or
210
to
250
volts,
50
to
60
cycles,
approxi-
mately
650
watts.
ACCESSORIES
SUPPLIED
WITH
THE
TYPE
519
(Refer
to
pages
2-10,
2-11,
and
2-12
for
additional
informa-.
tion
on
the
accessories.)
a,
1—1250
Termination
t
(017-007)
1
Adaptor
50/7125
+
(017-052)
2—125
0
Insertion
Units
t
(017-013)
1
Adaptor
N50/N125
+
(017-053)
1
Adaptor
T50/N125
t
(017-055)
1—1259
Coupling
Capacitor
+
(017-018)
1—1250
1
KMC
Timing
Standard
t
(017-019)
1—1250
Insec
Delay
Cable
(017-507)
1—1250
2nsec
Delay
Cable
(017-508)
1I—1250
Snsec
Delay
Cable
(017-509)
I—1250
10
nsec
Delay
Cable
(017-510)
1
Delay
Line
Equalizer
+
(017-057)
1—Set
of
spare
miscellaneous
cable
connector
parts
con-
sisting
of:
1
Double
Button
Assy.
t
(017-032)
]
Panel
Adaptor
Assy.
+
(017-033)
J
1250
Cable
Connector
+
(017-035)
2—Spare
Reed
Switches
+
(260-362)
1—Viewing
Hood
{includes
attached
bezel}
(016-025)
1—3-conductor
Power
Cord
(161-010)
1—Power
Cord
Adaptor
(103-013)
2—Instruction
Manuals
NOTE
Other
accessories
are
available
for
the
Type
519
Oscilloscope.
Information
on
the
optional
acces-
sories
is
contained
in
Section
7.
T
The
following
occessories
are
supplied
in
a
walnut
box.
(Tek
#
202-083)
with
a
foam
plastic
tray
(Tek
#
436-030).

Operating Information—Type 519
TERTRONIX, INC, PORTLANE, OREGON, U. & A.
TYPE S19 OSCILLOSCOPE
Ge SERIAL
POSITIONING
VERTICAL HORIZONTAL
AXIS ROTATION
TRIGGER OPERATION
TRIGGER
PULSE AMPLITUDE
on SYNC
PULBE AMPLITUDE OR SYNE
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8 BERT PULSE SENSITIVITY ALT? SRF ORE ARROW,
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ASTIGMATISM
SCALE
ILLUM.
VERNIER
SYNC
+
TRIGGER
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OR
MAPETITIEE
WAVERORUNE
TO
APPRORIMATELY
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TIME
BASE
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FUNCTION SYITOM
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PULSE FOR 5 MOLE COENTE ON AERET TICE AVEFONMS
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Type 519 Oscilloscope front panel.
INPUTS
EXTERNAL
TRIGGER SIGNAL
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TIGER Gai

Introduction
>
The
Type
519
Oscilloscope
is
a
high
speed
laboratory
instrument
designed
for
observing,
measuring,
and
photo-
graphically
recording
phenomena
in
the
nanosecond
{milli-
microsecond)
domain.
However,
before
the
instrument
can
be
used
successfully,
it
is
important
for
you
to
have
an
un-
derstanding
of
the
operation
of
each
control.
This
section
of
the
Instruction
Manual
is
intended
to
help
you
acquire
this
understanding.
Much
of
the
familiarity
with
the
controls
will
come
only
with
actual
use
of
the
instrument.
A
brief
description
of
each
of
the
front-panel
controls
follows.
Front-
panel
markings
are
shown
in
Fig.
2-1.
FUNCTION OF CONTROLS
CRT
FOCUS Used in conjuction with the ASTIGMATISM
control to focus the oscilloscope trace.
INTENSITY Adjusts the brightness of the trace.
ASTIGMATISM — Used in conjunction with the FOCUS con-
trol to obtain a round spot and a sharply
focused trace.
SCALE ILLUM. = Adjusts the brightness of the graticule
markings.
Graticule A knurled knob located below the center
Control of the graticule permits graticule to be
moved down out of the viewing area.
TIME BASE
NANOSEC/CM | Selects the desired time base.
DELAY Determines the delay of the start of the
sweep with respect to the trigger signal
input.
NORMAL-SINGLE Selects either normal or single-sweep
SWEEP operation.
RATE GENERATOR
CYCLES/SEC Used in conjunction with the MULTIPLIER
control to set the Rate Generator out-
put frequency.
SECTION 2
OPERATING
INFORMATION
MULTIPLIER
Multiplier
for
the
CYCLES/SEC
control.
Should
be
set
to
OFF
position
when
Rate
Generator is not being used.
CALIBRATION-STEP GENERATOR
RANGE
Selects
full-scale
amplitude
of
the
cali-
brated
steps,
a
variable
uncalibrated
step
amplitude,
or a
standby
condition.
Should
be set
to
STANDBY
when
Calibration-Step
Generator
is
not being
used.
VARIABLE
Permits
the
step
waveform
to
be
preset
to
an arbitrary
desired
amplitude
up
to about
50
volts
into
a 125-ohm
load.
VOLTS
Sets
the
output
voltage
of
the
calibration-
step
waveform
in
the 10V
and
1 V
posi-
tions
of
the RANGE
switch.
REED SWITCH:
DRIVE
Adjusts
the
reed-switch
magnetic
excita-
tion
for
proper
closures
or
permits
single
reed
operation.
FREQUENCY
Controls
frequency
of
the
reed-switch
mag-
netic
excitation
to
help
minimize
contact
bounce.
TRIGGER
PULSE
AMPLI-
Selects
triggering
signal
amplitude
re-
TUDE
OR
SYNC
*
quired
to
operate
triggering
circuits,
or
ad-
justs synchronization.
VERNIER
SYNC
Used
in
conjunction
with
PULSE
AMPLI-
TUDE OR SYNC control to synchronize the
sweep.
FUNCTION
*
Permits
choice
of
triggered
or
synchronized
displays.
GAIN
*
Selects
proper
gain
or
attenuation
for
the
triggering signal.
TRIGGER
Selects
the
triggering
signal
source
and
SOURCE polarity.
* Also see TRIGGER OPERATION section of front-panel, Fig. 2-1.
2-1

Operating
Information—Type
519
POSITIONING
VERTICAL
Adjusts
the
vertical
position
of
the
trace.
AXIS
ROTA-
Aligns
the
trace
parallel
to
the
horizontal
TION
graticule
lines.
HORIZONTAL
—
Adjusts
the
horizontal
position
of
the
trace.
POWER
DIM
ADJ.
Used
to
adjust
the
brightness
of
pilot
light
after
45-second
warm-up
period.
ON
AC
line
switch.
PRELIMINARY
INSTRUCTIONS
Cooling
A
blower
maintains
safe
operating
temperature
in
the
Type
519
Oscilloscope
by
drawing
air
through
a
filter
and
circulating
it
over
the
components.
Therefore,
the
instru-
ment
must
be
placed
so
that
the
air
intake
and
cabinet
ventilating
holes
are
not
blocked.
The
air
filter
must
be
kept
clean
to
permit
adequate
air
flow.
A
thermal
cutout
switch
disconnects
the
de
power
if
the
instrument
becomes
overheated.
The
pilot
lamp
will
re-
turn
to
full
brightness
in
the
event
that
dc
power
is
lost.
Brown-Yellow-Green
\
=
bs
|
LN.
nated
Brown
Black-White
117-VOLT
OPERATION
Brown-Yellow-Green
Brown-Yellow-
Brown Black-White
234-VOLT
OPERATION
If
this
happens,
check
immediately
for
proper
airflow
into
the
instrument.
The
blower
continues
to
cool
the
interior
and
reduces
the
time
the
thermal
switch
remains
open.
DC
power
will
be
restored
when
the
temperature
drops
to
a
safe
value.
Power
Requirements
The
regulated
power
supplies
in
the
Type.
519
Oscillo-
scope
will
operate
with
line
voltages
from
105
to
125
volts
{117
nominal}
or
from
210
to
250
volts
(234
nominal}.
The
line
voltage
for
which
your
instrument
is
wired
at
the
factory
is
indicated
on
a
metal
tag
fastened
to
the
rear
panel
near
the
power
receptacle.
Transformer
connections
may
be
changed
for
either
117-
or
234-volt
operation
by
using
the
information
given
in
Fig.
2-2.
The
power
trans-
former
is
wound
with
two
117-volt
primaries
which
are
connected
in
parallel
for
117-volt
operation
and
in
series
for
234-volt
operation.
Since
the
blower
motor
is
connected
across
only
one
of
the
transformer
primaries,
no
change
in
the
motor
lead
connections
is
required.
When
the
trans-
former
connections
are
changed,
the
voltage
indicated
on
the
metal
tag
should
be
covered
with
another
tag
which
conforms
to
the
new
operating
voltage.
For
maximum
dependability
and
long
life,
the
line
voltage
applied
to
the
Type
519
Oscilloscope
should
be
near
the
voltage
indicated
on
the
metal
tag
located
near
the
power
receptacle
at
the
rear
of
the
instrument.
If
the
line
voltage
exceeds
the
operating
limits,
or
has
a
poor
waveform
(dis-
torted
sine
waves),
unstable
power-supply
operation
may
Fig.
2-2.
Power
transformer
connections
for
operation
of
the
Type
519
Oscilloscope
at
117
or
234
volts.

result,
Check
for
proper
line
voltages
and
waveform
before
checking
for
other
causes
of
unstable
operation.
Fuse Requirements
When
the
Type
519
Oscilloscope
is
connected
for
117-
volt
operation,
use
a
7-amp
slow-blowing
type
fuse.
When
the
instrument
is
connected
for
234-volt
operation,
use
a
4-amp
slow-blowing
type
fuse.
Time Delay
A
time
delay
relay
used
in
the
Type
519
delays
operation
of
the
instrument
for
approximately
45
seconds
after
the
instrument
is
switched
on.
The
relay
allows
a
brief
tube-
warmup
period
before
the
dc
operating
voltages
are
applied.
When
the
ac-power
pilot
light
dims,
the
instrument
is
ready
for
use.
If
the
ac-power
is
interrupted
for
only
an
instant,
the
normal
45-second
delay
will
occur
before
the
instrument
returns
to
full
operation.
Dim Adjustment
The
DIM
ADJ.
control
is
a
screwdriver
adjustment
which
controls
the
brightness
of
the
ac-power
pilot
light
after
the
45-second
warm-up
period.
Normally,
it
is
adjusted
to
a
setting
which
will
reduce
glare
from
the
pilot
light
when
waveform
observations
are
being
made
in
a
darkened
room.
Camera Bezel
When
one
of
the
Tektronix
cameras
is
used
with
the
Type
519
the
bezel
supplied
on
the
oscilloscope
must
be
used.
The
bezel
supplied
with
the
camera
will
not
take
the
graticule
assembly
properly.
FIRST-TIME OPERATION
To
place
the
Type
519
in
operation
for
the
first
time,
the
following
procedure
is
suggested:
1.
Set
the
front-pane!
controls
as
follows
(controls
not
mentioned
may
be placed
in
any
position):
POWER
Off
DIM
ADJ.
Centered
INTENSITY
Fully
counterclockwise
NORMAL-SINGLE
SWEEP
NORMAL
NANOSEC/CM
5
DELAY
Centered
MULTIPLIER
X1000
CYCLES/SEC
10
RANGE
STANDBY
TRIGGER
SOURCE
RATE
GEN.
GAIN
NORMAL
FUNCTION
PULSE
PULSE
AMPLITUDE
Fully
counterclockwise
OR
SYNC
VERTICAL
Centered
HORIZONTAL
Fully
clockwise
Operating
Information—Type
519
2.
(The
line
voltage
for
which
the
instrument
is
wired
at
the
factory
is
indicated
near
the
power
cord
receptacle.}
Connect
the
power
cord
to
the
rear
of
the
instrument
and
to
the
source
of
power.
3.
Set
the
POWER
switch
to
ON.
4.
Allow about
45
seconds
for
the
pilot
lamp
to
dim,
indicat-
ing
that
de
operating
voltages
are
applied
and
the
instru-
ment
is
ready
for
use.
CAUTION os
Do
not
turn
the
intensity
so
high
that
a
bright
glow
surrounds
the
spot.
Excessive
brightness
of
a
stationary
spot
may
damage
the
screen
in
a
few
seconds.
5.
Advance
the
INTENSITY
contro!
until
a
visible
spot
appears
near
the
left
center
of
the
screen.
6.
Adjust
the
FOCUS
and
ASTIGMATISM
controls
to
produce
a
small
round
spot.
7.
Advance
the
PULSE
AMPLITUDE
OR
SYNC
control
fully
clockwise
to
obtain
a
horizontal
sweep
across
the
screen.
Readjust
the
INTENSITY
control
for
suitable
trace
bright-
ness.
8.
Rotate
the
HORIZONTAL
positioning
control
to
position
the
start
of
the
trace
at
the
left
marking
of
the
graticule.
|
9.
Adjust
the
AXIS
ROTATION
contro!
until
the
trace
is
parallel
to
the
horizontal
markings
of
the
graticule.
10.
Connect
a
T50/N125
adapter
to
the
+RATE
50Q
con-
nector
making
certain
that
the
50-ohm
connectors
are
mated.
If
the
wrong
impedance
connectors
are
mated,
the
signal
path
remains
open
and
the
connections
will
not
seat
fully.
11.
Connect
a
2-nsec
125-ohm
cable
from
the
125-ohm
end
of
the
adapter
to
the
SIGNAL
125
Q
connector.
12.
Rotate
the
PULSE
AMPLITUDE
OR
SYNC
control
slowly
counterclockwise
and
adjust
the
DELAY
control
until
a
stable
display
of
the
Rate
Generator
pulse
is
obtained.
Locate
the
waveform
vertically
using
the
VERTICAL
positioning
control.
13.
Adjust
the
FOCUS,
INTENSITY,
and
ASTIGMATISM
controls
until
a
sharp
trace
with
adequate
intensity
ts
ob-
tained.
These
controls
are
slightly
interdependent.
An
exter-
nal
signal
and/or
trigger
may
now
be
applied
to
the
input
connectors.
If
external
triggers
are
used,
set
the
TRIGGER
SOURCE
switch
to
+
or
—
EXT.
If
internal
triggering
from
the
input
signal
is
used,
set
the
TRIGGER
SOURCE
switch
to
+
or
—
INT.
CRT
CONTROLS
AND
GRATICULE
Intensity
The
INTENSITY
control
is
used
to
adjust
the
brightness
of
the
oscilloscope
display.
Compensation
can
be
made
for
changes
in
brightness
resulting
from
changes
in
the
trigger-
ing
rate
or
time
base.
The
INTENSITY
control
is
rotated
clockwise
to
increase
brightness
and
counterclockwise
to
decrease
brightness.
Care
must
be
taken
when
using
the
INTENSITY
control
that
the
brightness
is
not
turned
up
to
the
point
where
the
phosphor
on
the
face
of
the
cathode
2-3

Operating
Information—Type
519
ray
tube
(CRT)
becomes
permanently
damaged.
The
intensity
of
the
beam
should
never
be
turned
up
to
the
point
where
a
bright
halo
forms
around
a
stationary
spot.
The
FOCUS
and
ASTIGMATISM
controls
permit
a
sharp,
clearly
defined
spot
or
trace
to
be
obtained.
Perhaps
the
best
way
to
adjust
the
FOCUS
and
ASTIGMATISM
controls
is
to
display
a
waveform
on
the
oscilloscope
and
then
adjust
the
FOCUS
and
ASTIGMATISM
controls
alternately
for
the
best
overall
focus
of
the
trace.
It
may
be
necessary
to
make
a
new
adjustment
of
the
controls
if
the
intensity
of
the
trace
is changed.
The
disappearing
graticule
used
with
the
Type
519
Oscilloscope
is
accurately
marked
with
6
horizontal
and
2
vertical
1-centimeter
divisions.
The
minor
division
markings
on
the
horizontal
centerline
are
5
millimeters
apart;
those
on
the
vertical
centerline
are
2
millimeters
apart.
The
grati-
cule
markings
allow
accurate
time
and
voltage
measure-
ments
to
be
made
from
the
oscilloscope
screen.
To
move
the
graticule
out
of
the
viewing
area
of
the
screen,
loosen
the
knurled
knob
located
just
below
the
graticule
and
slide
it
downward
the
full
length
of
the
slot.
Tighten
the
knob.
To
return
the
graticule
to
functioning
position,
reverse
the
process.
The
graticule
cover
and
mask
assembly
is
held
securely
in
place
by
four
slotted
graticule
nuts
and
is
provided
with
hinge
fittings
for
mounting
the
viewing
hood.
In
addition,
the
hinge
fittings
allow
quick
removal
of
the
viewing
hood
so
that
a
Tektronix
Model
C-12
or
C-19
camera
may
be
mounted.
The
Model
C-19
camera
is
especially
designed
to
photograph
the
fast
sweeps
of
the
Type
519
Oscillo-
scope.
When
the
camera
is
not
being
used,
it
can
be
unlatched
and
swung
away
from
the
CRT
screen.
Graticule
tIllumination
The
graticule
is
illuminated
by
two
lamps
located
at
the
top
edge
of
the
graticule.
The
SCALE
ILLUM.
control,
located
below
the
oscilloscope
screen,
is
rotated
clockwise
to
brighten
the
graticule
markings
and
counterclockwise
to
dim
them.
Camera Jack
A
camera
jack,
marked
6.3V
CAMERA,
provides
a
6.3-volt
source
for
use
with
a
camera.
When
the
camera
plug
is
inserted
in
the
jack,
the
SCALE
ILLUM.
control
and
oscil-
loscope
graticule
lights
are
automatically
disconnected.
POSITIONING
Two
controls,
VERTICAL
and
HORIZONTAL,
are
used
to
position
the
trace
to
the
desired
point
on
the
oscilloscope
screen.
A
third
positioning
control,
AXIS
ROTATION,
is
used
to
align
the
trace
with
the
horizontal
markings
of
the
graticule.
The
VERTICAL
position
control
has
sufficient
range
to
allow
the
trace
to
be
positioned
completely
off
the
top
or
bottom
of
the
screen,
or
to
any
intermediate
point.
The
trace
2-4
moves
up
when
the
control
is
rotated
clockwise
and
down
when
the
control
is
rotated
counterclockwise.
The
HORIZONTAL
position
control
causes
the
trace
to
move
to
the
right
when
it
is
rotated
in
the
clockwise
direction
and
to
the
left
when
it
is
rotated
counterclockwise.
The
total
horizontal
positioning
range
of
the
control
is
about
2
centi-
meters.
The
AXIS
ROTATION
control
is
a
screwdriver
adjustment
located
between
the
VERTICAL
and
HORIZONTAL
controls.
This
adjustment
permits
the
trace
to
be
rotated
about
an
axis
through
the
center
of
the
screen.
Te
VERTICAL-DEFLECTION
SYSTEM
Signal Input Connection
The
electrical
signal
to
be
observed
is
applied
externally
through
a
125-ohm
coaxial
cable
to
the
SIGNAL
125
Q
con-
nector.
If
the
impedance
of
the
signal
source
is
other
than
125
ohms,
corresponding
cables
and
a
suitable
adaptor
should
be
used
to
prevent
mismatches
and
resulting
reflec-
tions.
The
signal
passes
internally
first
through
a
trigger
takeoff,
then
through
a
45-nsec
delay
cable
to
the
distributed
vertical
deflection
system
of
the
CRT.
The
signal
causes
the
spot
to
be
deflected
vertically.
The
spot
traces
out the
sig-
nal
waveform
on
the
screen
as
the
spot
is
deflected
hori-
zontally
by
the
horizontal
sweep
circuits.
The
vertical
size
of
the
displayed
waveform
can
be
adjusted
to
a
suitable
amplitude
by
inserting
external
attenuators
or
an
amplifier
in
series
with
the
signal-carrying
cable.
Or,
if
the
Calli-
bration-Step
Generator
is
being
used
as
the
signal
source,
the
vertical
amplitude
of
the
waveform
can
be
adjusted
by
means
of
the
Calibration-Step
Generator
front-panel
con-
trols.
The
vertical
sensitivity
of
the
Type
519
Oscilloscope
is
dependent
on
the
CRT
mounted
in
the
instrument
and
on
the
adjustment
of
the
high
voltage.
The
risetime
and
sensitivity
of
each
Type
519
CRT
is
measured
at
the
factory.
These
measurements
are
then
recorded
on
the
CRT
face
mask.
The
sensitivity
measurement
can
be
checked
at
any
time
by
using
the
Calibration-Step
Generator.
To
check
the
measurement,
connect
a
125-ohm
cable
from
the
OUTPUT
1259
connector
to
the
SIGNAL
1259
con-
nector.
Set
the
(CALIBRATION-STEP
GENERATOR)
RANGE
switch
to
10V
TO
125Q
and
rotate
the
VOLTS
control
to
10.00.
Adjust
the
oscilloscope
front-panel
controls
for
a
stable
presentation
of
the
step
waveform.
Adjust
the
VOLTS
control
until
the
portion
of
the
waveform
located
2
nsec
after
the
rise
is
exactly one
centimeter
high.
The
vertical
sensitivity
in
volts
per
centimeter
can
be
read
directly
from
the
VOLTS
dial.
For
example,
if
the
VOLTS
dial
shows
a
reading
of
8.70,
the
vertical
deflection
factor
is
8.7
volts
per
centimeter.
When
connecting
the
oscilloscope
to
any
signal
source,
the
connections
should
be
made
directly
through
125-ohm
cables
or
through
suitable
impedance
matching
devices
to
the
SIGNAL
1259
connector.
However,
when
impedance
@

matching devices are used, you must consider possible signal
voltage changes produced by the devices. If the signal
amplitude is too great, it will be necessary to attenuate the
signal to a usable level before applying it to the SIGNAL
125Q connector. This can be done by inserting a 1259
attenuator {of known attenuation factor) between the signal
source and the SIGNAL 125 connector. Attenuators may
be used individually or may be ‘'stacked’ (connected in
series).
If the signal amplitude is too low to produce sufficient
vertical deflection, an external amplifier can be inserted
between the signal source and the SIGNAL 125 connector.
However, if the amplifier does not provide the correct input
and output impedance, severe waveform distortion may
result. In addition, if the amplifier stages have limited band-
width, or do not operate linearly, the signal will not be
reproduced faithfully on the CRT.
In general, to obtain an accurate waveform display and
to prevent unwanted reflection of high-frequency waveforms
or of fast-rise pulses, all cables should be terminated in
their characteristic impedances. An exception is described
under Accessories, part (4) Adaptor N50/N125 (page 2-11).
Delaying the Signal
The Type 519 Oscilloscope contains a fixed 45-nanosecond
signal-delay line which allows sufficient time for the trigger
circuits to process the trigger signal and start the sweep
before the leading edge of the input signal arrives at the
CRT. The internal delay cable provides about 10 nano-
seconds extra delay after sweep start and before display
of the triggering signal. At the slower sweep rates the trig-
gering signal will appear very near the start of the trace.
If you wish the signal to appear farther to the right, you
may insert additional 125-ohm delay cable, but at the ex-
pense of risetime. The extra delay cable must be added
after the trigger takeoff point to increase the signal delay.
The most common point of insertion is at the CRT end of the
fixed delay line.
The DELAY control provides a 35-nanosecond adjust-
ment in sweep starting time with respect to the triggering
signal. Within this range of adjustment, the DELAY control
can be used to select the display time and thus apparently
position the waveform horizontally on the screen with re-
spect to the trace.
For triggered sweep operation with externally-derived
trigger signals, the time relationship of the external trigger
signal to the input signal must fall within the adjustment
range of the DELAY control. If, for example, too much de-
lay is introduced by using long cables to couple the trigger
signal to the EXTERNAL TRIGGER 125 connector, the in-
put signal will arrive at the vertical deflection plates be-
fore the sweep is triggered. The signal input waveform,
having arrived early, will not be displayed on the screen.
To offset external delay of this type, shorten the external
trigger cable, if possible. If this is not possible, cable can
be added into the signal-carrying circuits, but only with loss
of bandwidth due to high-frequency attenuation in the cable.
The delay provided by a typical 125-ohm cable such as
the RG-63/U cables shipped with the oscilloscope is approxi-
mately 1.2 nsec per foot. If any portion of the input wave-
form is displayed on the screen, the amount of delay which
®
Operating Information—Type 519
Piil Prrrt
SS
ad
~~ _
(a)
{itd
UTES
eo
j
t
4
LI
(b)
Fig. 2-3. Typical waveforms resulting from incorrect signal or trig-
gering signal delays. Waveform (a) results from either too much
triggering delay or too little signal delay. Waveform = (b)
results either from too little triggering delay or too much signal
delay.
must be added or subtracted to display the waveform pro-
perly on the screen can be determined by the sweep rate
and the number of divisions that the display must be moved.
If the display must be moved to the right, less delay in the
trigger cable is required. Fig. 2-3 shows displays resulting
from incorrect signal or trigger delays.
When 30-megacycle or higher repetition-rate signals of
identical shape and amplitude are being displayed, the DE-
LAY contro! will always permit display of the complete
waveform. If all waveforms are uniform, it is not important
which one is displayed. The internal delay line may be
bypassed by direct connections to the CRT if desired, at the
sacrifice of internal triggering from the signal.
Triggering (or Synchronizing) the Sweep
In most applications it is desirable for a repetitive wave-
form to appear stationary on the oscilloscope screen so that
the characteristics of the waveform can be examined in de-
tail. As a necessary condition for this type of display, the
start of each horizontal sweep must be time-related to a
characteristic of the input waveform. In the Type 519 Oscil-
loscope this is accomplished either by triggering or syn-
chronizing the sweep with the displayed waveform or with
another waveform bearing a definite time relationship to the
displayed waveform. More information about the horizontal
sweep is given in the Time Base portion of this section of
the manval.
The following paragraphs outline the operation of the
various triggering controls in the TRIGGER section of the
front panel, in the order normally encountered. Usually,
the TRIGGER SOURCE switch would be set first, GAIN
switch second, and FUNCTION switch third. Finally, the
PULSE AMPLITUDE OR SYNC control is adjusted to obtain
a stable display for ‘“‘triggered’’ sweep operation. For
2-5

Operating
Information—Type
519
“synchronized
sweep
operation,
both
the
PULSE
AMPLI-
TUDE
OR
SYNC
and
VERNIER
SYNC
controls
may
be
ad-
justed
to
obtain
a
stable
display.
Selecting
the
Trigger
Source
The
sweep
can
be
either
triggered
or
synchronized
(de-
pending
upon
the
setting
of
the
FUNCTION
switch)
from
the
following
sources:
(1)
displayed
waveform,
(2)
exter-
nally-derived
waveform,
(3)
Calibration-Step
Generator,
of
(4)
Rate
Generator.
The
trigger
source
selection
is
by
means
of
the
TRIGGER
SOURCE
switch.
Each
trigger
source
has
advantages
for
certain
applications.
s
(1)
Displayed
Waveform.
Triggering
from
the
displayed
waveform
is
the
method
most
commonly
used.
Triggering
1s
from
the
displayed
waveform
with
the
TRIGGER
SOURCE
switch
set
to
either
the
+-INT.
or
—INT.
position.
Internal
triggering
is
convenient,
since
no
external
triggering
signals
or
connections
are
required.
A
displayed
waveform
that
produces
at
least
two
trace-widths
of
vertical
deflection
with
a
time
duration
of
one
nanosecond
or
more
is
sufficient
for
reliable
triggering.
(2)
Externally-Derived
Signal.
To
trigger
the
sweep
from
an
external
signal,
connect
the
triggering
signal
to
the EX-
TERNAL
TRIGGER
1259
input
connector.
The
external
triggering
signal
must
be
at
least 20
millivolts
in
amplitude,
with
a
time
duration
of
I
nanosecond
or
more.
The
maxi-
mum
amplitude
should
not
exceed
-£2
volts
peak
except
when
the
GAIN
switch
is
set
to
X.2.
In
the
X.2
position
the
external
trigger
should
not
exceed
+10
volts.
Larger
trig-
gers
may
be
attenuated
externally.
External
triggering
sig-
nals
can
be
used
when
the
TRIGGER
SOURCE
switch
is
set
to
either
-+-EXT.
or
—EXT.
External
triggering
signals
preferably
should
be
disconnected
from
the
EXTERNAL
TRIGGER
1259
connector
when
some
other
mode
of
trig-
gering
is
used
to
reduce
the
possibility
of
stray
triggering.
External
triggering
provides
definite
advantages
over
other
methods
of
triggering
in
certain
applications.
With
external
triggering,
the
triggering
signal
usually
remains
constant
in
amplitude
and
shape
(depending
upon
the
source).
Also,
time
and
phase
relationships
between
wave-
forms
at
different
points
in
a
circuit
can
be
seen.
If,
for
ex-
ample,
the
external
triggering
signal
is
derived
from
the
waveform
at
the
input
to
a
device
under
test,
it
is
possible
to
observe
the
shaping,
jitter,
amplification,
or
delay
of
the
signal
through
the
device
without
resetting
the
oscillo-
scope
triggering
controls
for
each
observation.
(3)
Calibration-Step
Generator.
In
the
+CAL.
or
—CAL.
positions
of
the
TRIGGER
SOURCE
switch,
the
triggering
sig-
nal
is
obtained
internally
from
the
Calibration-Step
Gen-
erator.
The
signal
is
derived
through
the
use
of
a
trigger
takeoff
circuit
inserted
near
the
termination
of
the
gener-
ator.
Therefore,
it
is
necessary
to
keep
in
mind
that
the
con-
trols
which
adjust
the
output
amplitude
of
the
Calibra-
tion-Step
Generator
also
affect
the
amplitude
of
the
trig-
gering
signal
available
at
the
+CAL.
and
—CAL.
posi-
tions
of
the
TRIGGER
SOURCE
switch.
These
two
positions
of
the
TRIGGER
SOURCE
switch
are
used
to
observe
a
wave-
form
which
is
time-related
to
the
output
waveform
of
the
Calibration-Step
Generator.
It
is
then
possible
to
observe
and
accurately
measure
shaping,
_|itter,
amplification,
or
delay
at
various
points
in
the
device
under
test.
In
2-6
addition,
the
internal-trigger
requirement
for
a
minimum
signal
height
and
duration
can
be
circumvented.
When
the
step
generator
is
not
being
used,
it
should
be
set
on
STAND-
BY.
(4)
Rate
Generator.
The
RATE
GEN.
position
of
the
TRIG-
GER
SOURCE
switch
provides
triggering
signals
which
can
be
varied
to
cover
a
continuous
repetition-rate
range
from
3cps
to
30kc.
These
signals can
then
be
used
to
trigger
the
sweep
at
a
known
repetition
rate
within
the
above
range.
To
select
the
Rate
Generator
trigger,
set
the
TRIGGER
SOURCE
switch
to
RATE
GEN.
‘Then
set
the
MULTIVIBRATOR
switch
and
CYCLES/SEC
control
to
the
desired
repetition
rate.
Selecting
the
Trigger
Polarity
The
horizontal
sweep
can
be
triggered
on
either
the
ris-
ing
(+slope)
or
falling
(—slope)
portion
of
the
triggering
waveform
as
determined
by
the
position
of
the
TRIGGER
SOURCE
switch.
In
many
applications
the
triggering
polarity
is
important
since
triggering
on
the
wrong
slope
will
make
it
impossible
to
display
the
portion
of
the
waveform
which
is
of
interest.
In
many
other
cases,
however,
such
as
high-frequency
repeti-
tive
waveforms,
the
triggering
signal
polarity
is
usually
not
important.
Selecting
the
Trigger
Gain
A
four-position
GAIN
switch
permits
incoming
trigger
sig-
nals
to
be
attenuated
or
amplified
as
necessary
for
proper
triggering
or
synchronization.
The
four
gain
settings
are:
X.2,
NORMAL,
X5,
and
X20.
To
aid
in
determining
which
GAIN
switch
setting
to
use
for
reliable
triggering,
Table
2-1
is
included.
Additional
information
is
given
in
the
PULSE
AMPLITUDE
OR
SYNC
control
description.
TABLE 2-1
TRIGGER
SOURCE
Approximate
GAIN
Switch
Settings
Switch
Setting
X.2
NORMAL
|
XS5t
|
X20t
RATE
GEN.
Always
set
in this
position.
=ECAL.
*
8v
to
50vi1.5v
to]
0.5v
to
50 v 50 v
EXT.
lv
to
10v
0.2v
to
2v/0.04v
to|
0.01
v
to
(peak)
(peak)
2v
|
2v
-EINT.
**
10
v
(pulse)
to]
2v
to
20v
|0.4v
to}
0.1
v
to
100
v
{pulse}
(pulse)
20v
|
20v
+
Used
for
small
amplitude
triggers
up
to
200
me.
*
Calibration-Step
Generator
output
step
amplitudes
are
listed.
Approximately
2.5%
of
the
step
amplitude
is
coupled
to
the
+
CAL.
and
—CAL.
positions
of
the
TRIGGER
SOURCE
switch.
**
Voltage
ranges
of
signals
applied
to
the
SIGNAL
12522
con-
nector
are
given.
Approximately
10%
of
the
signal
amplitude
is
picked
off
and
coupled
to
the
+-INT.
and
—INT.
positions
of
the
TRIGGER
SOURCE
switch.
@

Selecting the Trigger Function
Three functions or modes of operation are provided in
the Type 519 Oscilloscope to cover a wide range of trig-
gering conditions. They are: PULSE, SYNC, and HF SYNC.
To determine the best trigger mode for a particular appli-
cation, it is best to have some understanding of all three
before making a selection.
Each of the triggering modes is designed to provide sta-
ble triggering from a certain type of waveform. For many
applications, however, more than one mode will work
well. For such applications, the triggering mode selected
is simply a matter of choice. )
The PULSE mode permits choice of a free-running sweep or
a sweep triggered by signals at random or uniform repeti-
tion rates up to 50 mc. The upper repetition-rate limit varies,
depending upon the regularity of the pulse period. The
PULSE mode, when used in conjunction with the SINGLE
SWEEP feature, permits photographs to be made of single
events at any setting of the NANOSEC/CM switch.
The SYNC mode permits stable displays of waveforms
occurring at a constant repetition rate up to approximately
150 me. To select this mode, place the FUNCTION switch
in the SYNC position.
The HF SYNC mode permits the sweep to be synchronized
from high-frequency signals in the range from approximately
100 me to more than 2kmc. To use the high-frequency syn-
chronization mode, place the FUNCTION switch in the HF
SYNC position.
Triggering or Synchronizing the Sweep
The last controls normally operated in the TRIGGER sec-
tion of the front panel are the PULSE AMPLITUDE OR SYNC
and VERNIER SYNC controls. These controls are used for
two functions: pulse amplitude selection and synchroniza-
tion, depending upon the setting of the FUNCTION switch.
If the FUNCTION switch is set to the PULSE position, the
PULSE AMPLITUDE OR SYNC control determines the level a
signal must reach to initiate the sweep. All triggers below
the set level are rejected. In order for the control to oper-
ate properly within its rotational range, sufficiently large
triggers must be available as explained earlier under Select-
ing the Trigger Gain.
Triggering on small signals is best when the control is set
just short of the point where the sweep free runs. The sweep
normally free runs when the PULSE AMPLITUDE OR SYNC
control is rotated clockwise past the RECURRENT arrow.
If the FUNCTION switch is set to either the SYNC or the
HF SYNC position, the PULSE AMPLITUDE OR SYNC con-
trol is used for making the coarse synchronization adjust-
ment. Final adjustment may be made with the VERNIER
SYNC control. The sweep repetition rate will synchronize at
the frequency of the triggering signal or at some sub-
multiple frequency.
The VERNIER SYNC control is normally set at midrange
until the coarse adjustment is made, then the VERNIER SYNC
control is adjusted to obtain a stable display.
®
Operating Information—Type 519
+
4
_/
C
fist
VOLTAGE
=a
oe
a
PUTT
v
t
TIME >
a
Fig. 2-4. The usual oscilloscope display is a graphical presentation
of voltage versus time.
TIME BASE
Horizontal Sweep
The Type 519 Oscilloscope graphically presents instantane-
ous signal voltage versus time (see Fig. 2-4). The signal volt-
age produces vertical deflection of the trace; time is repre-
sented through horizontal deflection. The horizontal sweep
is also known as the time base, since horizontal deflection
of the spot bears a definite relationship to time and provides
the means for making time measurements from the screen.
The NANOSEC/CM switch selects the desired sweep rate
from one of nine accurately calibrated rates available.
Time base steps range from 2 nanoseconds per centimeter to
1000 nanoseconds (1 psec) per centimeter. The sweep gen-
erator has been designed to provide long-term stability of
sweep calibration and linearity.
Single Sweep Operation
The Type 519 Oscilloscope permits a single-sweep pre-
sentation to be obtained and eliminates all subsequent
sweeps so the signal can be clearly recorded without con-
fusion resulting from multiple traces. The single-sweep fea-
ture is selected by placing the NORMAL-SINGLE SWEEP
switch in the SINGLE SWEEP position. The RESET button
must be actuated to “arm" the time base and permit a sin-
gle-trigger event.
When the FUNCTION switch is placed in the PULSE posi-
tion and the PULSE AMPLITUDE OR SYNC control is set
fully clockwise (past the RECURRENT arrow or line), a sin-
gle sweep runs immediately each time the RESET button is
depressed.
When the PULSE AMPLITUDE OR SYNC control is set for
triggered sweep operation, the single sweep does not neces-
sarily occur immediately after the RESET button is depressed.
Instead, the READY lamp lights to indicate that the sweep
is armed and ready to be triggered. When a trigger is re-
ceived, the sweep runs once and the READY light goes out.
Each time the RESET button is depressed the procedure is
repeated.
When the FUNCTION switch is placed either in the SYNC
or HF SYNC position, a single sweep runs immediately each
time the RESET button is depressed regardless of the set-
tings of the PULSE AMPLITUDE OR SYNC control.
2-7

Operating
Information—Type
519
{1} Recurrent sweep.
(2) Triggered: sweep.
w (TIME BASE
tl)
“i
NORMAL
Output
from
+
TRIGGER
500
nme
or
DELAYED
+GATE
50
or
+
RATE
50
©
connector
NO
ie
RATE
GENERATOR
OPTIONAL
Output from external
cirevit directly to crt if
less delay is required
Circuit
to
be
.
triggered
or
L
synchronized
‘rey
Output
from
external
crevit to oscilloscope
Input.
Fig.
2-5.
Using
the
Type
519
Oscilloscope
to
drive
an
external
circuit.
the
oscilloscope
for
display.
Synchroscope
Operation
In
the
usual
oscilloscope
application,
the
sweep
is
trig-
gered
or
synchronized
by
the
input
waveform.
However,
in
some
applications
it
may
be
more
desirable
to
reverse
the
process
and
drive
an
external
circuit
from
the
oscilloscope.
In
this
“‘synchroscope”
application,
the
sweep
is
caused
to
free
run
or
to
be
triggered
by
the
Calibration-Step
Generator
or
the
Rate
Generator.
The
output
signal
from
the
-TRIGGER
509,
the
DELAYED
+GATE,
the
+
RATE
509,
or
the
OUTPUT
125
connector
is
used
to
in-
itiate
the
input
waveform
(see
Fig.
2-5).
The
sweep
can
be
made
to
free
run
in
any
position
of
the
FUNCTION
switch.
If
the
PULSE
position
of
the
FUNCTION
switch
is
used,
the
PULSE
AMPLITUDE
OR
SYNC
control
must
be
rotated
fully
clockwise
past
the
RECURRENT
arrow.
The
sweep
free
runs
at
all
times
when
the
FUNCTION
switch
is
in
either
the
SYNC
or
HF
SYNC
positions.
The
number
of
free-running
sweeps
per
second
is
determined
by
the
settings
of
the
NANOSEC/CM
switch
(refer
to
Table
2-2).
A
free-running
sweep
also
provides
a
convenient
refer-
ence
trace
on
the
oscilloscope
screen
without
requiring
an
input
signal.
The
trace
can
then
be
positioned
to
a
desired
point
on
the
oscilloscope
screen
or
can
be
used
to
establish
a
zero-voltage
reference
line.
Delayed Trigger
A
delayed
triggering
pulse
is
produced
at
the
DELAYED
+GATE
502
connector
of
the
oscilloscope
at
approximately
2-8
The
output
of
the
external
circuit
is
then
applied
to
the
input
of
TABLE 2-2
NANOSEC/CM
SWEEP
REPETITION
RATES
Switch
Settings
|
(Recurrent
Rates)
2
|
Adjusted
to
400
kc
7
5
|
200
ke
nominal
10
|
100
kc
nominal
20
|
50
ke
nominal
50
|
20
kc
nominal
100
|
10
kc
nominal
200
|
5
kc
nominal
500
|
2ke
nominal
1000
T
kc
nominal
|
the
time
of
sweep
start.
The
delay
of
the
delayed
trigger-
ing
pulse
with
respect
to
the
time
that
the
trigger
is
accepted
and
a
pulse
is
produced
at
the
+TRIGGER
509
connector
can
be
adjusted
over
a
range
of
approximately
35
nanosec-
onds
by
means
of
the
DELAY
control.
RATE GENERATOR
The
output
pulse
from
a
transistor
operating
in
the
ava-
lanche
mode
is
coupled
to
the
RATE
GEN.
position
of
the
TRIGGER
SOURCE
switch
and
to
the
+RATE
509
con-
nector.
The
pulse
risetime
is
less
than
0.8
nanosecond,
ampli-
tude
is
nominally
+15
volts,
and
duration
is
approximately
10
nanoseconds.
A
typical
Rate
Generator
waveform
as
displayed
on
the
Type
519
is
shown
in
Fig.
2-6.
To
use
the
®

1 t
U
/
ian
on
ee
2 NSEC/CM
Fig. 2-6. Typical Rate Generator output waveform as displayed
on the Type 519 Oscilloscope.
>
Rate Generator, set the TRIGGER SOURCE switch to
RATE GEN. Then adjust the CYCLES/SEC and MULTIPLIER
controls for the desired repetition rate. Any frequency be-
tween 3cps and 30kc can be selected within an accuracy
of 10%.
Since the sweep can be triggered at the repetition rate
set by the Rate Generator from 3cps to 30kc, this fea-
ture can be used for applications such as those described
previously under the headings "Selecting the Trigger
Source’, and “Synchroscope Operation". When the Rate
Generator is not used, it should be turned off by placing
the MULTIPLIER switch to the OFF position to reduce the
possibility of stray triggering.
CALIBRATION-STEP GENERATOR
Step Waveform
The step waveform from the Calibration-Step Generator
is generated by discharging a charged coaxial line into
Line-Charging Network
(Can be disconnected so
Trigger Takeoff
(The complete Trigger
Takeoff can be disconnect- that additional charge
ed from the Type 519 and cable may be added.)
used in other 125-ohm sys-
tems.)
Fig. 2-7. Locations of the Calibration-Step Generator line charging
network and trigger takeoff.
®
Operating Information—Type 519
an external load through a magnetically-operated dry-
reed switch. The physical length of the charged line
determines the duration of the output step waveform. In
the Type 519, with no external charge line added, the
duration of the constant-amplitude portion of the step is
equal to twice the transit time of the built-in 1.5-nsec charge
line. (Transit time of the charge line is the time required
for a signal to pass from one end of the line to the other.)
For the 1.5-nsec charge line, then, the duration of the output
pulse is 3 nsec. To obtain a longer duration step waveform,
an additional length of charge line (cable) may be added
to the Charge Line Connector located next to the Trigger
Takeoff (see Fig. 2-7). When an additional charge line is
added, the charging network and the charging voltage must
be disconnected. They must then be connected to the open
end of the added charge line. A typical display of the
Calibration-Step Generator waveform as seen on the Type
519 Oscilloscope appears in Fig. 2-8.
j T
pip
ih
Le
A
2 NSEC/CM
Fig. 2-8. Typical Calibration-Step Generator waveform as displayed
on the Type 519 Oscilloscope. It is not always possible to com-
pletely eliminate reed switch multiple contact bounce. Extraneous
traces, therefore, sometimes will occur in the display.
Polarity
Step polarity is selected by the POLARITY switch. The
polarity of the step at the output connector is the same as
the polarity of the charge voltage. The setting of the TRIG-
GER SOURCE switch should agree with the setting of the
POLARITY switch for normal triggering.
Amplitude
The step amplitude is dependent upon the amount of
charging voltage used. The charge voltage obtained from
the charging source at the instant of reed switch closure is
2 times the step voltage present at the OUTPUT 1250
connector when driving an external 125-ohm load. The
step voltage reading is accurately indicated by the settings
of the RANGE and VOLTS controls.
When the VOLTS control is set to 10.00, the RANGE
switch permits a choice of two full scale step amplitudes,
10 volts or 1 volt. When the RANGE switch is placed in the
10V TO 1259 position, 10 volts is produced across a 125-
ohm load. When the RANGE switch is set in the 1V TO
50 position, a T50/T125 adapter must be properly con-
nected to the OUTPUT 125 connector to obtain a 1-volt
step into a 50 ohm load.
The scale of the VOLTS control, when used with either of
the two above RANGE switch positions, indicates the step
2-9

Operating
Information—Type
519
amplitude.
The
VOLTS
control
is
the
0
to
1
multiplier
for
the
two
ranges.
When
the
RANGE
switch
is
set
to
the
VARIABLE
position,
the
step
amplitude
may
be
preset
by
the
VARIABLE
con-
trol
to
any
uncalibrated
amplitude
from
0
to
approximately
50 volts
when
driving
a
125-ohm
load. To
determine
the
amplitude
of
the
step
for
any
setting
of
the
VARIABLE
con-
trol,
apply
the
step
waveform
from
the
OUTPUT
1250
connector
through
a
125-ohm
cable
(and
attenuator,
if
needed)
to
the
SIGNAL
125Q
connector.
Measure
the
amplitude
of
the
vertical
deflection
in
centimeters
and
multiply
the
distance
measured
by
the
sensitivity
of
the
oscilloscope
(and
attenuation
if
used).
>
Adjusting
the
Drive
and
Frequency
Two
front-panel
controls,
DRIVE
and
FREQUENCY,
con-
trol
the
movement
of
the
dry-reed
switch.
These
controls
are
adjusted
to
cause
the
reed
to
make-and-break
contact
with
a
minimum
of
contact
bounce.
To
adjust
the
two
controls,
they
must
first
be
preset
fully
counterclockwise.
Then
advance
the
DRIVE
control
until
the
reed
vibrates
(makes
a
buzzing
sound).
Advance
the
FRE-
QUENCY
control
until
the
reed
fails
to
operate
and
then
rotate
the
control
slightly
counterclockwise
to
start
the
reed
operating
again.
Slowly
rotate
the
DRIVE
control
counter-
clockwise
while
rotating
the
FREQUENCY
control
back
and
forth
to
find
the
resonant
frequency
of
the
reed.
The
reso-
nant
frequency
is
found
when
the
drive
is
decreased
to
a
point
where
the
reed
will
vibrate
in
only
one
small
rota-
tional
area
of
the
FREQUENCY
control
range.
For
optimum
operation
the
DRIVE
and
FREQUENCY
controls
are
then
adjusted
to
obtain
the
most
stable
waveform
near
the
reso-
nant
frequency
of
the
reed.
When
adjusting
the
DRIVE
con-
trol,
use
enough
drive
to
get
solid
closures
of
the
reed
contacts.
The
resonant
frequency
of
most
reeds
is
usually
within
the
range
of
700
to
800
cps.
NOTE
The
reed
switches
used
in
the
Type
519
are
chosen
to
produce
the
best
possible
waveform.
The
high
requirements
of
these
switches
frequently
result
in
a
short
lifetime.
To
extend
the
life
of
the
reed
switch
set
the
RANGE
switch
to
STANDBY
when
the
Calibration-Step
Generator
is
not
being
used.
ACCESSORIES
The
following
information
pertains
to
the
accessories
which
are
included
with
the
Type
519
Oscilloscope.
Other
optional
accessories
which
are
available
are
accompanied
by
specific
application
notes.
See
also
Section
7,
Acces-
sories.
(1)
125
©
Termination
The
1259
Termination
(Fig.
2-9)
is
supplied
as
a
spare
for
the
T519P-A
CRT
termination
or
to
terminate
any
125-
ohm
cable.
*The
letter
‘‘T’
in
an
adaptor
type
means
“Terminated”;
‘‘N”
means
‘Not
Terminated”.
2-10
rr
ae
\
an
125
@
DISC-TYPE
|
1252
wrt
SHUNT
RESISTOR
|
CONNECTOR
VI
sa
;
ey
<n
_/
Fig.
2-9.
Construction
of
the
12522
Termination.
TYPE 519 OSCILLOSCOPE
CALIBRATION-STEP
GENERATOR
° Kem
C)
uur
SIGNG
125
Q
CABLE
O
reo
RANGE
conte
50
2
150/T125
set to 1 V to 5!
CONNECTOR TSO/TIOS
125 & CONNECTOR
502
150/T125 DEVICE
ADAPTOR
UNDER
Q
TEST
1252
50S
CABLE
CONNECTOR
502
50)
INPUT
CONNECTOR
502
1259
CONNECTOR
CONNECTOR
(64.6
©
DISC-TYPE
96.8
©
SERIES
\
|
_ISHUNT
RESISTOR
JE
RESISTOR
WY
T
i!
ve $
SIGNAL
Fig.
2-10.
Construction
of
the
150/T125
Adaptor.
Also
shown
are
two
typical
applications
for
this
adapter.
(2)
Adaptor
T50/T125*
This
adaptor
(Fig.
2-10)
is
commonly
known
as
a
mini-
mum
loss
matching
pad.
Designed
to
match
between
a
50-ohm
line
and
125-ohm
line,
the
attenuator
presents
minimum
loss
and
reflections.
It
contains
a
network
com-
posed
of
a
shunt
and
a
series
resistor.
Though
the
attenu-
ator
presents
a
correct
impedance
match
“in
either
direc-
tion",
the
signal
voltage
transmission
factor
of
0.225
in
going
from
125
ohms
to
50
ohms
is
less
than
the
N50/N125
adaptor
described
later.
In
going
from
50
ohms
to
125
ohms,
the
signal
voltage
transmission
factor
is
approximately
0.564.
The
primary
advantage
of
the
T50/T125
adaptor
is
that
it
receives
signals
into
either
end
without
producing
reflections.
(3)
Adaptor
T50/N125
This
adaptor
is
usually
called
a
50-ohm
termination
adaptor
and
the
internal
circuitry
is
shown
in
Fig.
2-11.
In
actual
use
the
83.3-ohm
resistor
is
shunted
by
the
125-ohm
input
impedance
of
the
load.
The
combined
resistances
present
a
total
input
impedance
of
50-ohms
to
the
signal
source.

Fr, Q 502
EXTERNAL
To
Type
519
PULSE
OR
CW
[420.2
CABLE
Ton
25[
fe
SIGNAL
125
&
‘GENERATOR
|~
(ANY
LENGTH)
c
'
125.2
SOQ
CONNECTOR
==
CONNECTOR
/"\
83.3.0
DIsc-TYPE
\
|||
SHUNT
RESISTOR
mz)
'
i
$
\
]
7 ee
Fig. 2-11. Construction of the T50/N125 Adaptor. A typical appli-
cation for this adaptor is also shown.
The adaptor is designed to handle pulse or continuous-
wave
signals
originating
from
a
50-ohm
source.
It
is
not
generally used to handle a signal traveling in the 125-ohm
to 50-ohm direction, since it does not provide a termination
for the 125-ohm connector. When a T50/N125 is used to
connect a 50-ohm signal to the 519 signal input con-
nector, the signal voltage is unchanged and the signal
cable is fully terminated. The vertical deflection system
has 50 nsec of delay before it is terminated in 125 ohms.
Any reflections from the CRT, its connections, or termination,
would
return
through
the
delay
fine
and
reflect
from
the
nonterminating
end
of
the
T50/N125
to
reappear
at
the
CRT 90 to 100 nanoseconds after the original signal.
(4) Adaptor N50/N125
Also called an unterminated adaptor, this accessory (Fig.
2-12) is a straight-thru connector which connects a 50-ohm
line directly to a 125-ohm line. This unit is used primarily
for pulse applications. If a pulse from 50 ohms is applied to
the 50-ohm end of the adaptor, the pulse amplitude
increases 1.43 times at the 125-ohm end due to the reflec-
tion at the end of the 50-ohm system. In going from 125
to 50 ohms, approximately a 0.572 transmission factor
results. This is more than for any of the other adaptors.
Since it is a nonterminating unit, it will produce a high
VSWR when used with high-frequency sine waves.
59 Q 502
EXTERNAL To Type 519
TEST PULSE [Jeet OF) nys0/N125 [ p> SIGNAL 125 0
GENERATOR 50 2 CABLE Connector
RG-8A/U
T= Pulse Duration
I
_T
2 Cable Length= a
502 125 Q
CONNECTOR, —— ——— awa
py \
ee |
tT I
A] ]
Ne nn ce a ee ee ee /
—_——-—SIGNAL
Fig. 2-12. Construction of the N50/N125 Adapter. Also shown
is a typical application for the adaptor.
@
Operating Information—Type 519
When the adaptor is used for pulses, the abrupt discon-
tinuity inherent in the unit causes a reflection to occur
which may interfere with the displayed waveform unless
certain precautionary measures are taken. To prevent a
reflection from occurring on the displayed waveform, make
the electrical length of the cable supplying the adaptor
equal to or more than T/2, where T is the length of the
pulse to be observed. The reflection will then appear
after the displayed waveform.
TABLE 2-3
SIGNAL VOLTAGE
TRANSMISSION FACTORS
SIGNAL SIGNAL
DIRECTION ADAPTOR DIRECTION
509 to 1250 TYPE 1259 to 502
564 750/T125 225
1.000 T50/N125 Not Used
Not Used N50/T125 .400
1.43 N50/N125 572
1.58 Theoretical 633
Maximum Power
Transfer
(5) 125 Q Insertion Unit
This unit is a hollow tube with 125-ohm connectors on
each end and access holes located on each side to permit
small components to be mounted inside. A snap-on sleeve
cover permits adequate shielding of components and pro-
vides minimum discontinuity in the line. The unit facilitates
125-ohm (or 50-ohm, if desired) connections for pulse testing
components such as diodes or transistors. It can also be
used for testing or design of networks such as filters, attenu-
ators, impedance-matching circuits, etc., and measurements
on amplifiers and many other devices. The device makes
it unnecessary to use a chassis with long leads and poor
impedance matching. Instead, the components or circuit can
be mounted in the small insertion unit and used as part
of the 125-ohm system.
For series tests, the effective impedance of the fest cir-
cuit is 2Zo. For shunt tests, the effective test circuit imped-
ance is Zo/2. Thus, for tests using 125-ohm cable, a series
measurement is with 250 ohms equivalent series resistance
while a test from center conductor to ground is with a
62.5-ohm equivalent source resistance. The above condi-
tions assume proper termination impedances in both direc-
tions from the test point.
(6) 125 0 Coupling Capacitor
The 1250 Coupling Capacitor connector contains a
silvered-ceramic, wafer-type capacitor connected in series
with the inner conductor. A slight amount of compensating
inductance is supplied by the conductors butt-soldered to
the capacitor. (See Fig. 2-13).
This unit is normally used for ac-coupling high-frequency
signals to the Type 519 Oscilloscope with minimum reflec-
tions. Low-frequency signals and de are blocked. Its char-
acteristics are:
Coupling Capacitance: 0.01 pf +20%, 0.0082 pf
GMV.
2-11