Texas Instruments MSP430 series User manual

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MSP430 Family
Serial Programming Adapter
Manual
January 2003 Mixed Signal Products
User’s Guide
SLAU048C

IMPORTANT NOTICE
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Post Office Box 655303
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Copyright 2003, Texas Instruments Incorporated

EVM IMPORTANT NOTICE
Texas Instruments (TI) provides the enclosed product(s) under the following conditions:
Thisevaluationkit being soldbyTI is intendedforusefor ENGINEERING DEVELOPMENT OR EVALUATION
PURPOSES ONLY and is not considered by TI to be fit for commercial use. As such, the goods being provided
may not be complete in terms of required design-, marketing-, and/or manufacturing-related protective
considerations, including product safety measures typically found in the end product incorporating the goods.
As a prototype, this product does not fall within the scope of the European Union directive on electromagnetic
compatibility and therefore may not meet the technical requirements of the directive.
ShouldthisevaluationkitnotmeetthespecificationsindicatedintheEVMUser’sGuide,thekitmaybereturned
within 30 days from the date of delivery for a full refund. THE FOREGOING WARRANTY IS THE EXCLUSIVE
WARRANTY MADE BY SELLER TO BUYER AND IS IN LIEU OF ALL OTHER WARRANTIES, EXPRESSED,
IMPLIED,ORSTATUTORY,INCLUDINGANYWARRANTYOF MERCHANTABILITYORFITNESSFORANY
PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
The user assumes all responsibility and liability for proper and safe handling of the goods. Further, the user
indemnifies TI from all claims arising from the handling or use of the goods. Please be aware that the products
receivedmaynotberegulatorycompliant oragency certified (FCC,UL, CE,etc.). Dueto theopen construction
oftheproduct,itistheuser’sresponsibilitytotakeanyandallappropriateprecautionswithregardtoelectrostatic
discharge.
EXCEPT TO THE EXTENT OF THE INDEMNITY SET FORTH ABOVE, NEITHER PARTY SHALL BE LIABLE
TO THE OTHER FOR ANY INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES.
TI currently deals with a variety of customers for products, and therefore our arrangement with the user is not
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TI assumes no liability for applications assistance, customer product design, software performance, or
infringement of patents or services described herein.
Please read the EVM User’s Guide and, specifically, the EVM Warnings and Restrictions notice in the EVM
User’sGuidepriortohandlingtheproduct.Thisnoticecontainsimportantsafetyinformationabouttemperatures
and voltages. For further safety concerns, please contact the TI application engineer.
Persons handling the product must have electronics training and observe good laboratory practice standards.
No license is granted under any patent right or other intellectual property right of TI covering or relating to any
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Mailing Address:
Texas Instruments
Post Office Box 655303
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Copyright 2003, Texas Instruments Incorporated

EVM WARNINGS AND RESTRICTIONS
It is important to operate this EVM within the specified input and output ranges described in
the EVM User’s Guide.
Exceeding the specified input range may cause unexpected operation and/or irreversible
damage to the EVM. If there are questions concerning the input range, please contact a TI
field representative prior to connecting the input power.
Applyingloadsoutsideofthespecifiedoutputrangemayresultinunintendedoperationand/or
possible permanent damage to the EVM. Please consult the EVM User’s Guide prior to
connecting any load to the EVM output. If there is uncertainty as to the load specification,
please contact a TI field representative.
Duringnormaloperation,somecircuitcomponentsmayhavecasetemperaturesgreaterthan
60°C.TheEVM isdesignedto operateproperlywith certain componentsabove 60°C aslong
astheinputandoutput rangesare maintained.Thesecomponentsincludebut arenot limited
tolinearregulators,switchingtransistors,passtransistors,andcurrentsenseresistors.These
typesof devicescanbeidentifiedusingtheEVM schematiclocated intheEVMUser’sGuide.
When placing measurement probes near these devices during operation, please be aware
that these devices may be very warm to the touch.
Mailing Address:
Texas Instruments
Post Office Box 655303
Dallas, Texas 75265
Copyright 2003, Texas Instruments Incorporated

Trademarks
v
Read This First
Preface
Read This First
About This Manual
This document describes the MSP430-family hardware, operation, and
software installation and setup.
How to Use This Manual
This document contains the following chapters:
-Chapter 1 –Installation and Setup
-Chapter 2 –Operation
-Chapter 3 –Hardware
-Appendix A –Intel Hex Object Format
-Appendix B –Schematics
Notational Conventions
This document uses the following conventions.
-Program code and program examples are shown in a special
typeface similar to a typewriter’s.
Here is an example of programming code:
long int VerifyFile(char* lpszFileName, long int
iFileType)
Trademarks
Microsoft Windows is a trademark of Microsoft Corporation.

vi

Running Title—Attribute Reference
vii
Chapter Title—Attribute Reference
Contents
1 Installation and Setup 1-1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.1 Installing the Software 1-2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.2 Installing the Hardware 1-3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2 Operation 2-1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.1 Software / Hardware Layers of the PRGS430 Environment 2-2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.2 Programming the MSP430 Devices With the GUI 2-3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.2.1 Basic Procedure 2-3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.2.2 Description of the MSP-PRGS430 GUI 2-4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.2.3 Error Messages 2-5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.2.4 Content of the PRGS430.ini File 2-8. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.2.5 Use of a [Project].ini File 2-8. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.3 Command Line Options 2-9. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.3.1 General Definitions 2-9. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.3.2 Return Values / Error Codes in the .ini File 2-11. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.4 PRGS430.DLL—Description 2-12. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.4.1 Return Values / Error Codes From the PRGS430.DLL 2-22. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3 Hardware 3-1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.1 Specifications 3-2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.2 Basic Hints 3-2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.3 Programming Adapter Target Connector Signals 3-3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.4 MSP-PRGS430 Circuit Diagrams 3-5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.5 Location of Components, MSP-PRGS430 3-5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.6 Interconnection of MSP-PRGS430 to MSP430x31x 3-6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.7 Interconnection of MSP-PRGS430 to MPS430x32x and MSP430x32xA 3-9. . . . . . . . . . . .
3.8 Interconnection of MSP-PRGS430 to MSP430x33x and MSP430x33xA 3-12. . . . . . . . . . .
3.9 Interconnection of MSP-PRGS430 to MSP430x11x or MSP430x11x1 3-13. . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.10 Interconnection of MSP-PRGS430 to MSP430x12x or MSP430x12x2 3-14. . . . . . . . . . . .
3.11 Interconnection of MSP-PRGS430 to the MSP430x13x or MSP430x14x 3-15. . . . . . . . . .
3.12 Interconnection of MSP-PRGS430 to the MSP430x41x 3-16. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.13 Interconnection of MSP-PRGS430 to the MSP430x43x or MSP430x44x 3-17. . . . . . . . . .
A Intel Hex Object Format A-1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A.1 Intel Hex Object Format A-2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A.2 TI-TXT File Format A-3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
B Schematics B-1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Running Title—Attribute Reference
viii
Figures
1–1 ADT430 Program Icons 1-2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1–2 Serial Programming Adapter 1-3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2–1 MSP430 Programmer Dialog Box 2-3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2–2 Communication Error Box 2-6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2–3 Communication Error Box for Blown Fuse 2-6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2–4 Erase Check Error Message 2-6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2–5 Data Error 2-6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3–1 25-Pin Sub-D at the Programming Adapter 3-3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3–2 14-Pin Connector at the End of the Interconnect Cable 3-3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3–3 MSP-PRGS430 Components 3-5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3–4 MSP-PRGS430 Used to Program the MSP430x31xIDL Device 3-6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3–5 MSP-PRGS430 Used to Program the MSP430x31xSIDL Device 3-7. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3–6 MSP-PRGS430 Used to Program the PMSP430E31xFZ Device 3-8. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3–7 MSP-PRGS430 Used to Program the MSP430x32xIPG and
MSP430x32xAIPG Devices 3-9. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3–8 MSP-PRGS430 Used to Program the MSP430x32xIPM or MSP430x32xAIPM
Devices 3-10. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3–9 MSP-PRGS430 Used to Program the PMS430E32xFZ and PMS430E32xAFZ
Devices 3-11. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3–10 MSP-PRGS430 Used to Program the MSP430x33xIPJM and
MSP430x33xAIPJM, or the PMS430E33xHFD, PMS430E33xAHFD Devices 3-12. . . . . . . .
3–11 MSP-PRGS430 Used to Program the MSP430x11xIDW, MSP430x11x1IDW,
MSP430x11xIPW, MSP430x11x1IPW, or the PMS430E11xJL Devices 3-13. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3–12 MSP-PRGS430 Used to Program the MSP430x12xIDW, MSP430x12xIPW,
MSP430x12x2IDW, MSP430x12x2IPW and Devices 3-14. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3–13 Interconnection of MSP-PRGS430 to MSP430x13xIPM and
MSP430x14xIPM Devices 3-15. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3–14 Interconnection of MSP-PRGS430 to MSP430x41xIPM 3-16. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3–15 Interconnection of MSP-PRGS430 to MSP430x43x or MSP430x44x 3-17. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A–1 Intel Hex Object Format A–2

Running Title—Attribute Reference
ix
Contents
Tables
2–1 MSP430 Function Buttons and Descriptions 2-4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2–2 Error Messages 2-7. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2–3 Command Line Options 2-9. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3–1 MSP430 Hardware Specifications 3-2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3–2 Target Connector Signal Functions 3-4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3–3 Programming Adapter Signal Levels 3-4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

x

1-1
Installation and Setup
Installation and Setup
This chapter describes the process of installing and programming the
hardware and software for the MSP430-PRGS430 programming adapter
used with the MSP430 family of microcontrollers.
Topic Page
1.1 Installing the Software 1-2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.2 Installing the Hardware 1-3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Chapter 1

Installing the Software
1-2
1.1 Installing the Software
To install the MSP-PRGS430 software, perform the following steps:
1) Insert the MSP-PRGS430 CD-ROM in the computer’s CD drive. Itshould
start automatically. A setup routine checks if you have an HTML browser
installed on your computer. The MSP430 start page is then displayed.
(Alternatively, use a browser to open the file index.htm that is located in
therootdirectoryoftheMSP430CD-ROM.TheMSP430startpageisthen
displayed.)
2) Select Software
3) Select Serial Programming Adapter
4) Select Save it to disk. A Save As dialog is displayed.
5) Use the Save As dialog to save PRGS430_Rxxx.exe to the computer.
Note the directory path to this saved file.
6) Navigate to this saved file (PRGS430_Rxxx.exe) and execute it. A
welcoming message is displayed.
7) Follow the setup instructions on the screen. The setup program guides
you through the installation process.
8) After you run setup, the MSP430 program icons are installed in the
selected folder. Click on the PRGS430 Read Me First icon, shown in
Figure 1–1, to obtain important information about the program device
hardware and software.
Figure 1–1.ADT430 Program Icons
9) The appropriate program group and icons are added to the Windows
program manager.
10) Tostarttheprogrammingadapter software,clickthePRGS430icon inthe
selected program group (default: ADT430).

Installing the Hardware
1-3
Installation and Setup
1.2 Installing the Hardware
To install the programming adapter hardware, perform the following steps:
1) Using the 9-pin SUB-D connector, connect the programming adapter to
the serial port (COM1–COM4) of the PC.
2) Connect an external power supply to the programming adapter. The
voltage of the power supply must be between 14 V and 20 V dc and must
provide a minimum of 200 mA of power. The center terminal of the supply
connector at the programming adapter is the plus pole.
3) The red LED on the programming adapter lights if the power supply is
properly connected. If the LED does not light and the power supply is
properly connected, check the F1 fuse on the programming adapter
printed-wire board (PWB).
4) The MSP430 devices, in a socket or on a PWB, should be connected to
the programming adapter through the 14-pin cable.
TheprogrammingadapterprovidestheselectedsupplyvoltageVCCatpin
14 of the 25-pin SUB-D connector, or at pin 2 of the 14-pin connector to
supply the MSP430 device. The signal name is VCC_MSP.
If an external supply voltage VCC is used for the MSP430, the internal
voltage VCC_MSP must be set to the same voltage level.
Figure 1–2.Serial Programming Adapter
MSP430 Serial Programming Adapter
MSP–PRGS430
14–20 V
200 mA
PC Serial Port
RS232
RS232 OUT
Target (JTAG)
RS232 From PC
Power Supply
RS232 Out
May Be Connected
to an EVK
JTAG Connector
for the MSP430

1-4

2-1
Operation
Operation
This chapter describes the programming procedure for MSP430 devices and
the error messages you may encounter during the procedure.
Topic Page
2.1 Software/Hardware Layers of the PRGS430 Environment 2-2. . . . . . . . .
2.2 Programming the MSP430 Devices With the GUI 2-3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.3 Command Line Options 2-9. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.4 PRGS430.DLL—Description 2-12. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Chapter 2

Software / Hardware Layers of the PRGS430 Environment
2-2
2.1 Software / Hardware Layers of the PRGS430 Environment
PRGS430.EXE PRGS430.INI
PRGS430.DLL
CommandLine
MSP430
DEVICE.CFG
PRGS430
[Project] .INI
RS232
JTAG
PC –Software
Serial Programming Adapter
Target Socket or Application
Function
GUI
There are three ways to handle and communicate with the PRGS430 hard-
ware:
-Using the graphical user interface (see Section 2.2)
-Using command line parameters (see Section 2.3)
-Using the PRGS430.dll (see Section 2.4)
Note: this is the fastest way if the PRGS430 should be used in an
in-system program and test environment.

Programming the MSP430 Devices With the GUI
2-3
Operation
2.2 Programming the MSP430 Devices With the GUI
2.2.1 Basic Procedure
The following steps should be used to program the MSP430 devices:
1) ClickontheProgramDeviceicon during theinstallationselectedprogram
group (default: ADT430). The MSP430 programmer dialog box appears.
The status line at the bottom of the window shows the actual or the most
recent activity (see Figure 2–1).
The status line displays the message Connecting to adapter... until the
programming adapter is detected and the baud rate is set.
2) Select the correct device and supply voltage.
3) Select the name of the object file (TI TXT (.txt) or Intel hex (.a43) format).
4) Select the additional options to program, if necessary using Erase Flash,
Erase Check, or Verify.
5) Click on the Program button to start programming
Thestatuslineatthebottomofthewindowshowstheactualormostrecent
activity (see Figure 2–1).
Figure 2–1.MSP430 Programmer Dialog Box

Programming the MSP430 Devices With the GUI
2-4
2.2.2 Description of the MSP-PRGS430 GUI
An MSP430 device is commonly programmed as follows:
1) Select the file that contains the data to program from the MSP430
programmer dialog box (see Figure 2–1).
2) Select the device. An error message appears on the screen if the device
selected is different or not connected.
3) Set the required supply voltage, communication port COMx, and baud
rate. The device configuration and memory type are selected
automatically according to the selected device.
4) Use the program button to start the programming operation.
Table 2–1 describes the function of the buttons for different options and
combinations for the MSP430 programmer dialog box.
Table 2–1.MSP430 Function Buttons and Descriptions
Button Name Sub-Functions Description
File Name Selects the name of the file to program (intel-hex or TI-txt format)
Device Select Selects the MSP430 device type to program via pulldown menu
Supply Voltage Selects the supply voltage for the MSP430
VCC switch off If selected (default), the supply voltage is switched off after each MSP430
access; otherwise, the supply voltage remains connected.
Program An object code is programmed to the on-chip memory using the select
options.
With Erase Flash Memory is erased before programming (only with flash devices).
The following options are possible:
–Main and information memory
–Main memory only
With Erase Check Erase check is performed before programming operation is executed.
With Verify Each section is verified after it is programmed, or an error message is
displayed if verification fails.
With Blow Fuse The code-protection fuse is blown after the entire object code, with verify, is
programmed.This actionis irreversibleand disablesfuture on-chipmemory
access (reading or programming). This step is not performed if verify is
disabled or verify fails. A warning is displayed.
Erase Flash Erase operation can be done only with flash devices, according to the
selected option.
By file Only the memory locations corresponding to the selected object file are
erased. All other memory locations keep their old data (smart erase).
By device The entire flash memory of the device is erased.
By range An erase is performed depending on the values entered in the range fields.
Erase Check Checks if memory locations are erased.
By file Checks only the memory locations used by the selected object file.
By device Checks the entire programmable memory of the device. (No RAM is
checked).
By range An erase check is performed according to the range of memory locations in
the range for Erase Check/Readout field.

Programming the MSP430 Devices With the GUI
2-5
Operation
Table 2–1.MSP430 Function Buttons and Descriptions (Continued)
Button Name Sub-Functions Description
Verify VerifythedataintheMSP430deviceaccordingtotheselectedoption
By file A verification of the memory locations vs. the selected object file is
By device performed. (By file and by device are the same functions.)
By range Verify memory locations defined in the range field versus the data in
the selected file. The defined range should not contain memory
locations outside the data stored in the selected file, otherwise an
error is reported.
Blow Fuse The on-chip security fuse is irreversibly disabled and any access
such as reading or programming of the MSP430 is impossible via
JTAG. Access via bootstrap loader interface is possible for devices
which support that interface.
Read Out Read out data from MSP430 device. When this function is executed,
a dialog box appears; the file name for the data to store should be
selected.
By device Read out the entire memory of the device and store the data into the
file selected in the file name field.
By range Read out the memory locations selected by the range field and store
the data in the file selected in the file name field.
Reset TheresetofaMSP430canbeperformedintwoways.Afterreset,the
MSP430 may remain under JTAG control or can be released to
operate normally and execute the program.
PUC A software reset of the chip is generated.
RST/NMI GeneratesahardwareresetbyapplyingalowpulseonRST/NMIpin.
With JTAG-release JTAG is released after the execution of the reset (via JTAG or
RST/NMI).
COM Port SelectstheComporttowhichtheprogrammingadapterisconnected
Baud Rate Selects the baud rate for communication with the programming
adapter hardware
Help Help is available for programming MSP430 devices, command
buttons, selectors, and the object file format used.
The Help menu can be found in the system menu of the serial
programmingadaptersoftware(rightclickonthe symbolat theupper
left corner of the program window) or with the F1 function key.
2.2.3 Error Messages
One of the following messages may show up if JTAG communication is not
established correctly:
IftheMSP430 devicetoprogramcan notbefound,the messageshownin
Figure 2–2 appears. This problem can be caused by the PRGS430 not
being connected to the hardware, the device not inserted or incorrectly
inserted into the socket, or the device not powered.