Trina Solar DUOMAX Series User manual

Date: Dec 19th, 2019 Doc No: PS-M-0869 Ver. A Page 1 of 22
166-cell DUOMAX& DUOMAX TWIN USER MANUAL
166DUOMAX& DUOMAX TWIN USER MANUAL.............................................................. 1
1. INTRODUCTION FOR USER ANUAL......................................................................... 2
1.1 DISCLAIMER ............................................................................................... 2
1.2 LIMITATION OF LIABILITY .......................................................................... 2
2. SAFETY PRECAUTIONS .......................................................................................... 2
2.1 WARNING .................................................................................................... 2
2.2 GENERAL SAFETY ..................................................................................... 2
2.3 HANDLING SAFETY .................................................................................... 2
3. UNLOAD/TRANSPROTATION/STORAGE ............................................................... 3
3.1 MAKERS ON OUTER PACKAGING ........................................................... 3
3.2 UNLOADING WARNNING .......................................................................... 4
3.3 SECONDARY TRANSPORT AND WARNNING ........................................ 5
3.4 STORAGE .................................................................................................... 5
4. UNPACKING INTRODUCTION ................................................................................. 6
4.1 UNPACKING SAFETY ................................................................................. 6
4.2 UNPACKING STEP ..................................................................................... 6
5. INSTALLATION ......................................................................................................... 8
5.1 INSTALLATION SAFETY ............................................................................ 8
5.2 INSTALLATION METHOD ........................................................................... 9
5.2.1 MECHANICAL INSTALLATION AND WARNING ........................................ 9
5.2.2 GROUNDING (Apply to Framed Duomax and Framed Duomax Twin)
9
5.2.3 ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION .................................................................... 9
6. MODULE MAINTENANCE FOR PV MODULE PV .................................................. 19
6.1 PANEL VISUAL INSPECTION AND REPLACEMENT
……………………………………………………… ………………..19
6.2 CONNECTOR AND CABLE INSPECTION................................................. 20
6.3 CLEANNING .............................................................................................. 20
6.3.1 MODULE INSPECTION AFTER CLEANING ............................................ 21
6.3.2 TROUBLESHOOTING ............................................................................... 21
7. REPORTING TECHNICAL ISSUES or CLAIMS ..................................................... 21
Attachment 1: SITE SELECTION and Title Angle ........................................................... 21
Attachment 2: INVERTER SELECTION AND COMPATIBILITY...................................... 22

Date: Dec 19th, 2019 Doc No: PS-M-0869 Ver. A Page 2 of 22
1. INTRODUCTION FOR USER MANUAL
This Manual applies to the installation, maintenance and use of the Duomax series solar modules
manufactured by TrinaSolar Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as “Trina Solar”). Failure to follow these safety
instructions could result in personal injury or property damage.
Installation and operation of solar modules require specialized skills, and only professional personnel can
engage in the work. Please read the “Safety and Installation Instructions” carefully before using and
operating the modules. The installer must inform the end customer (or consumer) of the above matters
accordingly.
The term “Module” or “PV Module” in this Manual refers to one or more Duomax series solar modules.
Please keep this Manual for future reference.
1.1 DISCLAIMER
Trina Solar reserves the rights to change this User Manual without prior notice. Failure of the
customer to follow the requirements outlined in this Manual during the installation of the module will
result in the invalidity of product's limited warranty.
1.2 LIMITATION OF LIABILITY
Trina Solar is not responsible for any form of damage, including but not limited to module operation
and system installation error, and personnel injury, hurt, and property loss resulting from failure to
follow the instructions in this Manual.
2. SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
2.1 WARNING
Before installing, wiring, operating, or maintaining Trina modules, you should read and understand all
safety precautions. Direct current (DC) is generated when the battery surface of the module is
exposed to direct sunlight or other light sources, and direct contact with the live parts of the module,
such as terminals, may result in death of personnel whether connected to the module or not .
2.2 GENERAL SAFETY
All installation work must comply with the local codes and the relevant international electrical standards.
Trina recommends that PV module installation is conducted by personnel with experience in PV
system installation. Operation by personnel who are not familiar with the relevant safety procedures will
be very dangerous.
Do NOT allow unauthorized persons to access the installation area or module storage area.
Do NOT install modules with damaged glass
Do NOT disassemble or move any part of the module.
Do NOT artificially focus light on the module.
Do NOT connect or disconnect the module when it is energized or connected with an external power
supply
2.3 HANDLING SAFETY
Do NOT stand, walk on or lean on the module directly.
Do NOT damage or scratch the front or backside surfaces of the module.
Do NOT scratch the output cable or bend it with force. The insulation of output cable can break and
may result in electricity leakage or shock.
Do NOT use water to extinguish fires of an electrical origin.
Do NOT install or handle modules when they are wet or during periods of high wind. At the installation

Date: Dec 19th, 2019 Doc No: PS-M-0869 Ver. A Page 3 of 22
site, take care to keep modules and in particular their electrical contacts, clean and dry before
installation. If connector cables are left in damp conditions then the contacts may corrode. Any module
with corroded contacts should not be used.
Please do NOT loosen or unscrew the PV module bolts. This may lead to a reduction of the module’s
load rating and potential damage from a fall.
Do NOT drop PV modules or allow objects to fall down on the PV modules.
Do NOT touch the terminal box or the ends of the output cables (connectors) with bare hands under
sunlight, regardless of whether the PV module is connected to or disconnected from the system.
3. UNLOAD/TRANSPROTATION/STORAGE
Precautions and general safety rules:
The modules should be stored in the original Trina package before installation. Protect the package from
damage. Unpack the modules as per the recommended unpacking procedures. The whole process of
unpacking, transport and storing should be handled with care;
Do NOT stand, climb, walk or jump on unpacked pallets of modules;
Before installation, ensure that all modules and electrical contacts are clean and dry;
If the modules are required to be stored temporarily, they should be stored under dry and ventilated
conditions;
Unpacking must be carried out by two or more persons at the same time. It is forbidden to use the wires or
junction boxes of the modules to carry the modules. Handling the modules requires two or more people with
non-slip gloves; Do NOT handle the modules over-head or stack the modules;
Do NOT put the modules in a place that is not supported or stable;
Do NOT allow the modules to come in contact with sharp-pointed objectives to prevent them from scratches,
avoiding a direct impact on the safety of modules.
3.1 MAKERS ON OUTER PACKAGING
3.1.1
Do NOT discard the modules at will; special recycling is
required
3.1.2
Modules must be kept dry, not expose to rain or
moisture
3.1.3
Modules in carton are fragile, which must be handled
with care
3.1.4
The packaging must be transported upright
3.1.5
Do NOT step on the package and module
3.1.6
The carton can be recycled

Date: Dec 19th, 2019 Doc No: PS-M-0869 Ver. A Page 4 of 22
3.1.7
Modules shall be stacked as required, not exceeding the
maximum number of layers printed on the outer
packaging. ( n = 2 means no more than two layers and
n = 3 means no more than three layers)
3.1.8
One module shall be handled by at least two persons
together
3.2 UNLOADING WARNNING
3.2.1 Use the correct (as picture) lifting fixture to handle,
no more than 2 pallets per lift. Before lifting, please
confirm the tray and the carton are NOT damaged and
the hoisting rope is firm and solid. Before lowering the
carton back on the ground, two persons must support
the two sides of the carton gently to put it on a relatively
flat place.
3.2.2 If the condition permits, use a fork lift to remove
the module pallets from the truck
Put the modules on level ground
3.2.3 Store the module in a dry and ventilated place
3.2.4 Do Not stack the modules at the project site.
3.2.5 Cover all of parts of the package with waterproof material to prevent the panel package and plate from
moisture.

Date: Dec 19th, 2019 Doc No: PS-M-0869 Ver. A Page 5 of 22
3.3 SECONDARY TRANSPORT AND WARNING
3.3.1 Do NOT remove the original packaging if the
modules require long-distance transport or long-term
storage.
3.3.2 The finished package can be transported by
land, sea or air. During transport, make sure that the
package is fixed securely to the shipping platform
without movement.
3.3.3 Transport: Do Not Stack more than two layers on
truck;
3.3.4 Only one layer stacking is only allowed for
transport at the project site
3.3.5 No transport or handling by pedi-cab as shown
below;
3.3.6 Do Not transport the module with rope as shown
below:
3.3.7 Do Not carry the modules on the back of one person as shown below:
3.4 STORAGE
Long-term storage in warehouse
Do NOT remove the original packaging if the module requires long-distance transport or long-term
storage.
Do NOT expose the modules to rain or moisture. Store the finished product in a well ventilated,
waterproof, dry and smooth place.

Date: Dec 19th, 2019 Doc No: PS-M-0869 Ver. A Page 6 of 22
72/144 –cell modules storage: Do Not Stack more than 2 layers (moisture＜85%, temperature range
from -20°C to + 50 °C)
Storage in project site
The module must be installed as soon as possible in the project site and must not be exposed to rain or
damp. Trina shall not be responsible for any damage or collapse of the modules caused by moisture in
the packaging.
4. UNPACKING INTRODUCTION
4.1 UNPACKING SAFETY
For unpacking outdoors, it is prohibited to operate in rainy conditions. Because the carton will
become soft and damaged after it gets wet in the rain. The stacked PV modules (hereinafter referred
to as "modules") may tip over, which may cause damage or injury to personnel.
For a windy site, it is necessary to pay special attention to safety. Especially, it is NOT recommended
to transport the modules in high wind conditions. The unpacked modules must be tied down to avoid
any unwanted movement.
The work surface is required to be level to ensure that the package can be placed stably, avoiding
sliding.
Wear protective gloves during unpacking to avoid hand injury and fingerprints on the glass surface.
Module information and unpacking instructions can be found on the outside of each package. Please
read the instructions before unpacking.
Each module shall be handled by two persons. It is forbidden to use the wires or junction boxes of the
modules to carry the module. Do Not take the module out of the carton by pulling on the long side
frame.
4.2 UNPACKING STEP of FRAMED DUAL-GLASS MODULE SERIES
4.3.1
Put the carton box on a level surface. Cutting the
packing belts with blade or scissor.
4.3.2
Taking away 4 plywood protectors.

Date: Dec 19th, 2019 Doc No: PS-M-0869 Ver. A Page 7 of 22
4.3.3 Taking down the upper carton box. Before
unpacking, please check the product name, serial
number and related suggestions on the A4 paper.
Please read the unpacking instructions carefully.
NO other customized unpacking method is allowed.
4.3.4 Cut the two packing belts at shorter sides of
the tray with blade or scissors, and unpack the
side surface of the carton along the vertical
direction.
4.3.5
Cut the tape at shorter edge and hold it up by 90°
from the bottom; and pull out the cardboard to
expose the modules.
4.3.6
Cut the two horizontal packing belts in the carton
and cut the two packing belts near the bottom of
the tray, and remove the packing belts
4.3.7
When unpacking on a level surface, take out the
module from one side of package to the other, and
then carry it with two persons (Please refer to 3.1.8)
When unpacking on a sloping surface, please protect
the modules from tipping over or sliding. As shown
below.
4.3.8
Do NOT lean the module on the mounting posts;
Unpacking
instructions
A4 paper (product
name, serial
number, related
suggestions, etc.)

Date: Dec 19th, 2019 Doc No: PS-M-0869 Ver. A Page 8 of 22
4.3.9 If all the modules are NOT removed after unpacking and some of them are left in the package, the
remaining modules shall be laid flat and repackaged to prevent from falling down. Must be placed by
horizontal.
The stacked number of modules: 120-cell frame modules to be stacked NOT more than 20 pieces, 144-
cell frame modules NOT more than 16 pieces;
5. INSTALLATION
Trina Solar Duomax series modules may be installed in extreme environmental conditions to produce
energy for more than 30 years. In addition to the required IEC certifications, Trina Solar products have also
been tested to verify resistance to ammonia fumes that may be present around barns sheltering cattle, as
well as suitability for installation in humid (coastal) areas and areas of high sand storms(desert).
5.1 INSTALLATION SAFETY
Trina Solar Modules can be mounted in landscape or portrait orientation however the impact of dirt
shading the solar cells can be minimized by orienting the product in landscape.
Always wear dry insulation protection equipment: insulated tools, head gear, insulated gloves, safety
belt and safety shoes (with rubber soles).
Do NOT wear metallic jewelry which can cause electric shock during installation.
Do NOT install modules under rain, snow or windy conditions.
Please keep the connector dry and clean during installation to avoid the risk of electric shock. It is
recommended to install it immediately after unpacking.
Due to the risk of electrical shock, do NOT perform any work if the terminals of PV module are wet.
Please install immediately after unpacking.
The application level of Trina Solar module is Class A, which can be used in systems operating at
greater than 50 V DC or 240 W, where general public contact access is anticipated;
Keep the PV module packed in the Trina carton until installation.
Please use an opaque material to completely cover the PV module surface during PV module
installation and wiring.
Do NOT unplug the connector if the system circuit is connected to a load.
Do NOT stand on the module glass while installing. There is a risk of injury or electric shock if glass is
broken.
Do NOT work alone (always work as a team of 2 or more people).
Do NOT damage the back glass of PV modules when fastening the PV modules to a support with bolts.
Do NOT damage the surrounding PV modules or mounting structure when replacing a PV module.
Cables shall be located and secured so that they will not be exposed to direct sunlight after installation
to prevent degradation of cables. Low drooping of cables from the terminal box must be avoided. Low
hanging cables could cause various problems such as animal biting, electricity leakage in water, and fire.
Modules with different color codes are not recommended to be installed in one block or the same
rooftop.
Protective measures must be taken in the process of installation to avoid force extrusion or impact on
the modules, especially in areas with a 25mm edge around the modules.

Date: Dec 19th, 2019 Doc No: PS-M-0869 Ver. A Page 9 of 22
The design loading of modules have been evaluated by TUV according to IEC61215 with 1.5 times
safety factor;The mechanical load bearing is dependent upon the mounting methods used and failure to
follow the instructions of this manual may result in different capabilities to withstand snow and wind
loads;The system installer must ensure that the installation methods used meet these requirements and
any local codes and regulations.
5.2 INSTALLATION METHOD
5.2.1 MECHANICAL INSTALLATION AND WARNING
The connection of the module to the racking system can be created with clamps, with frame, or an
embedded system on the frame. The modules must be installed according to the following examples and
recommendations. If a different installation method is desired, please contact Trina Solar customer service
or technical support team for consultation. Improperly mounted modules maybe damaged. If alternative
mounting method is used that has not been approved by Trina, the modules will not continue to carry a
valid warranty.
Panels must not be subjected to wind or snow loads exceeding the maximum permissible loads, and must
not be subjected to excessive forces due to the thermal expansion of the support structures.
The module frame drain holes cannot be blocked in any situation during installation or use.
To maximize mounting longevity, Trina Solar strongly recommends the use of corrosion proof (stainless
steel) attachment hardware.
Secure the module in each mounting location with a boltand a flat washer, spring washer and nut and
tighten to a torque of 16~20 N.m(140-180lbf.in.). The tightening step is as follows :
a. Use torque wrench to tighten nut to target torque: 16~20N.m;
b. Nut loosen 90~180 degrees;
c. Finally tighten the nut to the target torque and reduce the torque attenuation.
All parts in contact with the modules should use flat stainless steel washers of minimum 1.5mm thickness
with an outer diameter of 20-24mm (0.79-0.94in).(Except for Single-axis tracking system)
Flat stainless steel gaskets with a minimum thickness of 1.5mm and an external diameter of 16-20mm
(0.63-0.79 inches) shall be used in all parts of the components connected to the Single-axis tracking
system.
A. Mounting with Bolts 4-φ9*14mm mounting holes, (Applicable to framed Duomax & framed
Duomax Twin)
Modules can be attached using the mounting holes 4-φ9*14mm on the back of the module frame, by
fixing the module to the support rails with bolts. The mounting details are shown in the following
figures.
The frame of each module has 4-φ9*14mm mounting holes, ideally placed to optimize the load
handling capability, to secure the modules to the supporting structure. Installation holes of 4-9*14 mm
are used for installation, as shown in Figure 4
To maximize mounting longevity, Trina Solar strongly recommends the use of corrosion proof
(stainless steel) attachment hardware.
Secure the module in each mounting location with an M8 bolt and a flat washer, spring washer and
nut and tighten to a torque of 16~20 N.m (140-180lbf.in.).
All parts in contact with the modules should use flat stainless steel washers of minimum 1.5mm
thickness with an outer diameter of 20-24mm (0.79-0.94in).

Date: Dec 19th, 2019 Doc No: PS-M-0869 Ver. A Page 10 of 22
Fig.4 Duomax serial module with frame
1.aluminum frame 2.M8 stainless bolt M8
3.flat stainless washer 4.spring stainless washer
5.hex stainless nut
Module
Mechanical Load
Pressure
Safety
factor
Mounting Direction (The crossbeam is
perpendicular to the long side.)
120 pcs Framed
Duomax& Framed
Duomax Twin
1600 Pa /-1600
Pa(Standard);
+3600 Pa / -
1600Pa (Special
requirement, need
confirm with Trina)
1.5
*NOTE:
1. This installation may cause the cell covered, so
Trina does not recommend this installation for Framed
Duomax twin.
2.The above-described distance is from the middle of
the bolts to the middle of the bolts
3.Need two support rails below the PV module to make
sure the Mechanical load.
4. Standard actual load is + 2400Pa/-2400Pa;
Special requirement with actual load of + 5400Pa/-
2400Pa need confirm with Trina
120 pcs Framed
Duomax& Framed
Duomax Twin
1600 Pa /-1600 Pa
(Standard);
+3600 Pa / -
1600Pa (Special
requirement, need
confirm with Trina)
1.5
*NOTE:

Date: Dec 19th, 2019 Doc No: PS-M-0869 Ver. A Page 11 of 22
1.The above-described distance is from the middle of
the bolts to the middle of the bolts.
2.Need two support rails below the PV module to make
sure the Mechanical load.
3. Standard actual load is + 2400Pa/-2400Pa;
Special requirement with actual load of + 5400Pa/-
2400Pa need confirm with Trina
144 pcs Framed
Duomax& Framed
Duomax Twin
1600 Pa /-1600
Pa(Standard);
+3600 Pa / -
1600Pa (Special
requirement, need
confirm with Trina)
*NOTE:
1. This installation may cause the cell covered, so
Trina does not recommend this installation for Framed
Duomax twin.
2.The above-described distance is from the middle of
the bolts to the middle of the bolts
3.Need two support rails below the PV module to make
sure the Mechanical load.
4.The Standard actual load is + 2400Pa/-2400Pa;
Special requirement with actual load of + 5400Pa/-
2400Pa need confirm with Trina
144 pcs Framed
Duomax& Framed
Duomax Twin
+1600Pa /-1600 Pa
(Standard);
+3600 Pa / -
1600Pa (Special
requirement, need
confirm with Trina)
*NOTE:
1.The above-described distance is from the middle of
the bolts to the middle of the bolts
2.Need two support rails below the PV module to make
sure the Mechanical load.
3. The Standard actual load is + 2400Pa/-2400Pa;
Special requirement with actual load of + 5400Pa/-
2400Pa need confirm with Trina
B. Mounting with Single-axis Tracking System with 4-φ7*10mm mounting holes
Modules can be attached through the mounting holes 4-φ7*10mm on the back of the module frame,
by fixing the module to the support rails with bolts. The mounting details are shown in the following
figures.
1.5
1.5

Date: Dec 19th, 2019 Doc No: PS-M-0869 Ver. A Page 12 of 22
The frame of each module has 4-φ7*10mm mounting holes, ideally placed to optimize the load
handling capability, to secure the modules to supporting structure. 4 installation holes of 7*10 mm are
used for Single-axis tracking system installation, as shown in Figure 5
To maximize mounting longevity, Trina Solar strongly recommends the use of corrosion proof
(stainless steel) attachment hardware.
Secure the module in each mounting location with an M6 bolt, two flat washers, a spring washer and
nut.
If a different bolt similar to M6 is used, they need to be tightened to a torque of 16N.m.(140lbf.in).
The bolt should be made of stainless steel or the other anti-corrosion material.
Flat stainless steel gaskets with a minimum thickness of 1.5mm and an external diameter of 16-
20mm (0.63-0.79 inches) shall be used in all parts of the components connected to the Single-axis
tracking system.
Mechanical Load Pressure under this method: 30 lbs.ft2 max from the front side & 30 lbs.ft2 max
from the rear according to UL1703.
Fig 5. PV module installed with Single-axis Tracing System
1) M6 Stainless hex bolt M6 2) flat stainless washer
3) spring stainless washer 4) hex stainless nut
Module
Mechanical Load
Pressure
Safety
factor
Mounting Direction

Date: Dec 19th, 2019 Doc No: PS-M-0869 Ver. A Page 13 of 22
144 pcs Framed Duomax&
Framed Duomax Twin
+1600 Pa /-1600 Pa
*NOTE:
1.This installation may cause the cell covered,
so Trina does not recommend this installation
for Framed Duomax twin.
2. The above-described distance is from the
middle of the bolts to the middle of the bolts.
3. The actual load is + 2400Pa/-2400Pa
C. Mounting with Clamps applied for framed Duomax and Duomax Twin
Trina Solar has tested its modules with a number of clamps from different manufacturers, with a
mounting bolt of at least M8. The length of clamp ≥40mm(1.57in), thickness≥3mm(0.12in).
The clamp must overlap the module frame by at least 7mm (0.28in) but no more than 11mm (0.43in).
Use at minimum 4 clamps to attach modules to the mounting rails.
Modules clamps should not come into contact with the front glass and must not deform the frame.
Be sure to avoid shadowing effects on the solar cells from the module clamps.
The module frame is not to be modified under any circumstances.
When choosing this type of clamp-mounting method, use at least four clamps on each module, two
clamps should be attached on each long sides of the module (for portrait orientation) Depending on
local wind and snow loads, additional clamps may be required to ensure that modules can bear the
load.
Applied torque should refer to mechanical design standard according to the bolt customer is using, ex:
M8 ---- 16-20N.m(140-180lbf.in)
End Clamp installation
Middle Clamp installation
Module
Mechanical Load
Pressure
Safety
factor
Mounting Direction (The beam is parallel to the long side.)
1.5

Date: Dec 19th, 2019 Doc No: PS-M-0869 Ver. A Page 14 of 22
120 pcs
Framed
Duomax&
Framed
Duomax
Twin
1600 Pa /-1600
Pa(Standard);
1.5
*NOTE:
1. This installation may cause the cell covered, so Trina does
not recommend this installation for Framed Duomax twin.
2.The above described distance is from the module edge to the
middle of the clamp.
3.Need two support rails below the PV module to make sure
the Mechanical load.
4.The actual load is + 2400Pa/-2400Pa;
120 pcs
Framed
Duomax&
Framed
Duomax
Twin
1600 Pa /-1600 Pa
(Special
requirement, need
confirm with Trina);
1.5
*NOTE:
1.The above described distance is from the module edge to the
middle of the clamp.
2.Need two support rails below the PV module to make sure
the mechanical load.
3.Special requirement products with actual load of + 2400Pa/-
2400Pa;
144 pcs
Framed
Duomax&
Framed
Duomax
Twin
1600 Pa /-1600
Pa(Standard);
+3600 Pa / -
1600Pa (Special
requirement, need
confirm with Trina)
1.5
*NOTE:
1.This installation may cause the cell covered, so Trina does
not recommend this installation for Framed Duomax twin.
2.The above described distance is from the module edge to the
middle of the clamp
3.Need two support rails below the PV module to make sure the
Mechanical load.
4.The actual load is + 2400Pa/-2400Pa; Special requirement
products with actual load of + 5400Pa/-2400Pa

Date: Dec 19th, 2019 Doc No: PS-M-0869 Ver. A Page 15 of 22
144 pcs
Framed
Duomax&
Framed
Duomax
Twin
1600 Pa /-1600 Pa
(Standard);
+3600 Pa / -
1600Pa (Special
requirement, need
confirm with Trina)
1.5
*NOTE: The above described distance is from the module edge to the
middle of the clamp.
*NOTE: Need two support rails below the PV module to make sure
the mechanical load.
*NOTE: Special requirement products with actual load of + 2400Pa/-
2400Pa; Special requirement products with actual load of + 5400Pa/-
2400Pa
*Note1: The above-described distances are from the module edge to the middle of the clamp.
*Note2: Need two or more support rails below the PV module to ensure the mechanical load.
The modules depicted are mounted on continuous rails that extend beneath the modules. If modules are
mounted without continuous rails below them, the maximum allowable loading will be reduced and is subject to
review by Trina.
If the customer needs a different size of Duomax Clamps, it should be fully evaluated and approved by Trina.
5.2.2 GROUNDING (Apply to Framed Duomax and Framed Duomax Twin)
Duomax without frame do not need grounding because there will be no leakage current between cell
and encapsulation material due to non-frame structure
All module frames and mounting racks must be properly grounded in accordance with appropriate
respective National Electrical Code.
Proper grounding is achieved by bonding the module frame(s) and all metallic structural members
together continuously using a suitable grounding conductor. The grounding conductor or strap may be
copper, copper alloy, or any other material acceptable for use as an electrical conductor per respective
National Electrical Codes. The grounding conductor must then make a connection to earth using a
suitable earth ground electrode.
Trina Solar modules can be installed with the use of third party listed grounding devices for grounding
the metallic frames of PV modules. The devices have to be installed in accordance with the grounding
device manufacturer’s specified instructions.
Please refer to the “Product Catalogue” link for detailed grounding hole locations and size at
http://www.trinasolar.com/
Grounding hardware comes in a package that includes the grounding screw, flat washer、star washer
and wire
Electrical contact is made by penetrating the anodized coating of the aluminum frame, and tightening
the mounting screw (come with the star washer) to the proper torque of 25lbf.in.
Grounding wire size (6 to 12 AWG solid bare copper) should be selected and installed underneath the
wire binding bolt.

Date: Dec 19th, 2019 Doc No: PS-M-0869 Ver. A Page 16 of 22
Star washer, flat washer, grounding wire are placed
in turn, then screwed into the grounding hole to bond
the adjacent modules
Trina recommends using the following methods to ground modules properly
Method 1: Tyco grounding bolt # 2058729-1:
Figure 4. Tyco grounding bolt # 2058729-1
1) Wire bolt and slot
2) Mounting wash hex nut
3) Aluminum frame
4) 0.006 to 0.025in2 cable
5) Hex Nut
Tyco grounding hardware comes in a package that includes the grounding bolt, mounting and
grounding hex nut.
Electrical contact is made by penetrating the anodized coating of the aluminum frame, and tightening
the mounting hex nut (come with the star washer) to the proper torque of 25lbf.in.
Grounding wire size (6 to 12 AWG solid bare copper) should be selected and installed underneath the
wire binding bolt.
The wire binding bolt should be tightened to the proper torque of 45lbf.in.
Method 2: Tyco grounding bolt #1954381-2:

Date: Dec 19th, 2019 Doc No: PS-M-0869 Ver. A Page 17 of 22
Figure 5. Tyco grounding bolt # 1954381-2 (NOT applicable for TRINAMOUNT module series)
1) Wire slot (available for 0.006 to 0.025in2cable)
2) Slider
3) Bolt
4) Base
5) Nut
Tyco grounding hardware comes in a package that includes the grounding bolt, mounting and
grounding hex nut.
Electrical contact is made by penetrating the anodized coating of the aluminum frame, and tightening
the mounting hex nut (come with the star washer) to the proper torque of 25lbf.in.
Grounding wire size (6 to 12 AWG solid bare copper) should be selected and installed underneath the
wire binding bolt.
The wire binding bolt should be tightened to the proper torque of 45lbf.in.
The Tyco grounding bolt is only listed for use with 6 to 12 AWG bare solid copper wire.
Method 3: ERICO grounding bolt # EL6CS14-6
Figure 6. ERICO grounding bolt # EL6CS14-6 (NOT applicable for the TRINAMOUNT module
series)
1) Machine Bolt A
2) Machine Bolt B
3) Belleville washer
4) Flat Washer
5) Clearance hole for #10[M5] machine bolt
6) Aluminum frame
7) Machine box hex nut with lock washer
8) Grounding bolt
The lug should be installed on a surface that is larger than the bottom surface of the lug.
The lug should be installed in the grounding holes provided on the PV module.
Machine bolt A should be torqued to 35lbf.in, to secure the grounding bolt to module frame.
The grounding bolt is only listed for use with 6-12 AWG bare solid copper wire.
For proper wire binding, machine bolt B should be torqued to 35lbf.in.
INSTALL EFFECT CHART
The install effect chart is as follows. Please consult with Trina Solar engineers to confirm whether the rails
match Trina clamp/frame or not. And confirm there are no shelter on the back of the modules.

Date: Dec 19th, 2019 Doc No: PS-M-0869 Ver. A Page 18 of 22
5.2.3 ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION
All wiring should be performed, by qualified installers, in accordance with the local codes and
regulations.
Modules can be connected in series to increase the operating voltage by plugging the positive plug of
one module into the negative socket of the next. Before connecting modules always ensure that the
contacts are corrosion free, clean and dry.
Product can be irreparably damaged if an array string is connected in reverse polarity to another.
Always verify the voltage and polarity of each individual string before making a parallel connection. If
you measure a reversed polarity or a difference of more than 10V between strings then check the
string configuration before making the connection.
Trina Solar modules are provided with stranded copper cables with a cross sectional area of
4mm²(0.006in²) which are UV resistant. All other cables used to connect the DC system should have a
similar (or better) specification. Trina Solar recommends that all cables are run in appropriate conduits
and sited away from areas prone to water collection.
The maximum voltage of the system must be less than the maximum certified voltageand the
maximum input voltage of the inverter and of the other electrical devices installed in the system. To
ensure that this is the case, the open circuit voltage of the array string needs to be calculated at the
lowest expected ambient temperature for the location. This can be done using the following formula.
Max System voltage ≥ N * Voc * [1 + TCvoc x (Tmin-25)]
Where
N Number of modules in series
Voc Open circuit voltage of each module (refer to product label or data sheet)
TCvoc Thermal coefficient of open circuit voltage for the module (refer to data sheet)
Tmin The lowest expected operating temperature of module
Each module has two industry standard 90°C sunlight resistant output cables, each terminated with
plug & play connectors. The PV Wire cable and are 12AWG in size. This cable is suitable for
applications where wiring is exposed to direct sunlight. Trina requires that all wiring and electrical
connections comply with the appropriate National Electrical Code.
The minimum and maximum outer diameters of the cable are 5 to 7mm (0. 038 to 0.076in2).
For field connections, use at least 4mm2 copper wires insulated for a minimum of 90°C and sunlight
resistance with insulation designated as PV Wire.
The minimum bending radius of the cables must be 43mm (1.69in).
5.2.4 WIRING
To ensure proper system operation the correct cable connection polarity (Figures 1 & 2) should be
observed when connecting the modules to each other or to a load, such as inverter, a battery etc. If
modules were not connected correctly, the bypass diodes could be destroyed. PV modules can be
wired in series to increase voltage. A series connection is made when the wire from the positive

Date: Dec 19th, 2019 Doc No: PS-M-0869 Ver. A Page 19 of 22
terminal of one module is connected to the negative terminal of the next module. Figure 1 shows
modules connected in series. PV modules can be connected in parallel to increase current (Figure 2).
A parallel connection is made when the wire from the positive terminal of one module is connected to
the positive terminal on the next module.
The number of modules in series and in parallel shall be designed reasonably according to the system
configuration.
All instructions above have to be obeyed to maintain Trina Solar’s limited warranty
Connecting in series
Figure 1
Connecting in parallel after connected in series
Figure 2
5.2.5 FUSING
When fuses are fitted they should be rated for the maximum DC voltage and connected in each, non-
grounded pole of the array (i.e. if the system is not grounded then fuses should be connected in both
the positive and negative poles).
The maximum rating of a fuse connected in series with an array string is typically 20A but the actual
module specific rating can be found on the product label and in the product datasheet.
This fuse rating value also corresponds to the maximum reverse current that a module can withstand
(when one string is shaded then the other parallel strings of modules will be loaded by the shaded
string and current will flow) and therefore impacts the number of strings in parallel.
Do NOT share a fuse in a Combiner Box with two or more strings in parallel connection.
6. MODULE MAINTENANCE FOR PV MODULE PV
6.1 PANEL VISUAL INSPECTION AND REPLACEMENT
The modules in a PV array should be regularly checked for damage. Factors such as glass breakage,
cable breakage, and junction box damage may lead to function and safety problems. In the case of a
damaged module, replace it with the same type of module. Refer to the appropriate Product Installation
Manual for installation and dis-assembly of module.
It is recommended to perform a preventive inspection every six months without changing the
components of the module. If electrical or mechanical appliances are used for inspection or
maintenance, qualified professionals to avoid any electric shock or loss of life.
Trim any vegetation which may shade the solar array, thus impacting performance.
Check that mounting hardware is properly tightened.
Check that all string fuses in each non/earthed pole are operating.
Replacement modules must be of same type. Do NOT touch live parts of cables and connectors. Use
appropriate safety equipment (insulated tools, insulating gloves, etc.) when handling modules.
Cover the front surface of modules by an opaque material when repairing. Modules when exposed to
sunlight generate high voltage and are dangerous.
Trina Solar PV modules are equipped with bypass diodes in the junction box. This minimizes module
heating and current losses.
oDo NOT open the junction box to change the diodes even if they malfunction.

Date: Dec 19th, 2019 Doc No: PS-M-0869 Ver. A Page 20 of 22
oIn a system using a battery, blocking diodes are typically placed between the battery and the PV
module output to prevent battery discharge at night.
In the event that a module is damaged (broken glass or a scratch on back sheet) and needs to be
replaced
oObserve the safety precautions listed earlier in this Manual
oWear cut resistant gloves and other personal protective equipment required for the particular
installation.
oIsolate the impacted array string to prevent current flow before attempting to remove the module.
oDisconnect the connectors of the affected module using the related disconnect tool provided by
suppliers.
oReplace the damaged module with a new functional module of the same type.
oCheck the open circuit voltage of the array string and verify that this is within 10V of the other strings
to be connected in parallel.
oTurn the breaker back on.
6.2 CONNECTOR AND CABLE INSPECTION
Inspect all cables to verify that connections are tight, the cables are protected from direct sunlight and
sited away from areas of water collection.
It is recommended to check the torque of terminal bolts and the general condition of wiring at least
once a year. Also, check that mounting hardware is properly torqued. Loose connections will result in
damage to the array.
6.3 CLEANING
The amount of electricity generated by a solar module is proportional to the amount of light falling on it.
A module with shaded cells will produce less energy and therefore it is important to keep all PV
modules clean.
Clean PV modules when the irradiance is below 200W/m2; liquid with a large temperature difference
from the modules must not be used for cleaning the modules;
It is forbidden to clean PV modules under the weather conditions of wind more than 4 grades, heavy
rain or heavy snow;
When cleaning with pressurized water, the water pressure on the glass surface of the module must not
exceed 700 KPa (14619.80psf); the module must NOT bear the extra force;
When cleaning PV modules, do NOT step on the modules; do NOT spray water on the backside of the
module or the cables; keep the connectors clean and dry; prevent fire and electrical shock from
occurring; do NOT use as steam cleaner;
When cleaning the modules, use a soft cloth together with a mild detergent and clean water. Take care
to avoid severe thermal shocks which might damage the module by cleaning modules with water which
has a similar temperature to the modules being cleaned.
Use dry or wet soft clean cloth to clean the PV modules; use of non-corrosive solvents or hard objects
are strictly prohibited;
If there is greasy dirt and other substances on the surface of the PV module which are difficult to clean,
conventional household glass cleaning agents can be used; Do NOT use the alkaline and strong acid
solvents.
The back surface of the module normally does not need to be cleaned but, in the event this is deemed
necessary, avoid the use of any sharp projects that might damage the penetrating the substrate
material.
When cleaning the back surface of the module, take care to avoid penetrating the substrate material.
Modules that are mounted flat (0°tilt angle) should be cleaned more often, as they will NOT ''self-
clean'' as effectively as modules mounted at a 10°tilt or greater.
If you are unsure whether the array or section there of needs to be cleaned, first select an array string
that is particularly soiled, then