Valhalla Scientific 4314Mi User manual

4314 M i
Wide-Range Digital Igniter Tester
Operation Manual
Rev 6 9.1
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9 S C I E N T I F I C
© 202 3 Valhalla Scientific .. All Rights Reseed.

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VALHALLA SCIENTIFIC INC. CERTIFICATION
Valhalla Scientific, Inc. certifies that this instrument was thoroughly tested and inspected and found
to meet published specifications when shipped from the factory. Valhalla Scientific, Inc. further
certifies that its calibration measurements are traceable to the Nation Institute of Standards and
Technology to the extent allowed by NIST’s calibration facility.
Due to continuing product refinement and due to possible parts manufacturer changes, Valhalla
Scientific, Inc. reserves the right to change any or all specifications without notice.
VALHALLA SCIENTIFIC INC. WARRANTY STATEMENT
The warranty period for this instrument is stated on your invoice and packing list. Please refer to these
to determine appropriate warranty dates.
We will repair the instrument during the warranty period provided it is returned to Valhalla Scientific,
Inc. freight prepaid. No other warranty is expressed or implied.
Valhalla Scientific, Inc. is not liable for consequential damages.
Permission and a Return Material Authorization number (RMA) must be obtained directly from the
factory for warranty repairs. No liability will be accepted if returned without such permission.
Due to continuing product refinement and due to possible parts manufacturer change, Valhalla
Scientific reserves the right to change any or all specifications without notice.
SUPPORT
For repair and calibration services, call 800-548-9806 or visit valhallascientific.com.
Email support available at [e-mail]
4314Mi Programmable Digital Igniter Tester User Manual
Revision 69-1 (2023)
Copyright © 2023 Valhalla Scientific, Inc. All rights reserved

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WARNINGS
The following general safety precautions must be observed during all phases of operation, service, and
repair of this product. Failure to comply with these precautions or with specific warnings elsewhere in this
manual violates safety standards of design, manufacture, and intended use of the product. Valhalla
Scientific assumes no liability for the customer’s failure to comply with these requirements.
Ground the equipment: For Safety class 1 equipment (equipment having a protective earth terminal), an
interrupted safety earth ground must be provided from the main power source to the product input wiring
terminals or supplied power cable.
DO NOT operate the product in an explosive atmosphere or in presence of flammable gases or fumes.
For continued protection, replace the line fuse(s) only with fuse(s) of the same voltage and current rating
and type. DO NOT use repaired fuses or short-circuited fuse holders.
Keep away from live circuits: Operating personnel must not remove equipment covers or shields.
Procedures involving the removal of covers or shields are for the use of service-trained personnel only.
Under certain conditions, dangerous voltage may exist even with the equipment switched off. To avoid
dangerous electrical shock, DO NOT perform procedures involving cover or shield removal unless you are
qualified to do so.
DO NOT operate damaged equipment: Whenever it is possible that the safety protection features built
into this product have been impaired, either through physical damage, excessive moisture, or any other
reason, REMOVE POWER and do not use the product until safe operation can be verified by service-trained
personnel. If necessary, return the product to Valhalla Scientific for service and repair to ensure that safety
features are maintained.
DO NOT service or adjust alone: Do not attempt internal service or adjustment unless another person,
capable of rendering first aid and resuscitation, is present.
DO NOT substitute parts or modify equipment: Because of the danger of introducing additional hazards,
do not install substitute parts or perform any unauthorized modification to the product. Return the
product to Valhalla Scientific for service and repair to ensure that safety features are maintained.
Measuring high voltage is always hazardous: ALL multimeters input terminals (both front and rear) must
be considered hazardous whenever inputs greater than 42V (dc or peak) are connected to ANY input
terminal.
Permanent wiring of hazardous voltage or sources capable of delivering greater than 150VA should be
labeled, fused, or in some other way protected against accidental bridging or equipment failure.
DO NOT leave measurement terminals energized when not in use.

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Table of Contents
Table of Contents .................................................................................................................................... 3
1. General Information ........................................................................................................................ 5
Instrument Description........................................................................................................................5
Instrument Identification.....................................................................................................................5
2. Unpacking and Installing ..................................................................................................................6
Inspection............................................................................................................................................6
Power Requirements ...........................................................................................................................6
Installation .......................................................................................................................................... 6
3. Specifications...................................................................................................................................7
Range/Resolution/Test Current/Failsafe Current ................................................................................. 7
Accuracy.............................................................................................................................................. 7
Temperature .......................................................................................................................................8
General Specifications ......................................................................................................................... 8
Physical Specifications .........................................................................................................................8
4. Features and Operations..................................................................................................................9
Introduction ........................................................................................................................................ 9
Front Panel .......................................................................................................................................... 9
Power Switch................................................................................................................................... 9
Display............................................................................................................................................. 9
Range Selection Keys ..................................................................................................................... 11
6 Pin Mil-Spec Connector for Measurement and Charging ............................................................. 11
Rear Panel ......................................................................................................................................... 13
Fuse Holder ................................................................................................................................... 13
RS-232 Connector .......................................................................................................................... 13
Power Up .......................................................................................................................................... 14
Connecting a Load to the 4314Ki ....................................................................................................... 15
4-Wire Resistance Measurement ................................................................................................... 16
Interpreting the Display..................................................................................................................... 18
Fail-Safe Operation............................................................................................................................ 18
Low Battery Indicator ........................................................................................................................ 19
5. Optional Features and Accessories................................................................................................. 20
Options.............................................................................................................................................. 20

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Accessories........................................................................................................................................ 20
AF-A: Battery Charger ................................................................................................................... 20
Replacement Battery Pack ............................................................................................................. 20
Test Leads ......................................................................................................................................... 20
Alligator Clip Type Leads ................................................................................................................ 20
Needle Type Probes....................................................................................................................... 21
Surface Probes............................................................................................................................... 21
6. Remote Operations........................................................................................................................ 22
Safety Isolated RS-232 Interface ........................................................................................................ 22
Connecting the 4314Mi via RS232.................................................................................................. 22
COMMANDS AND SYNTAX ............................................................................................................. 23
DETAILS OF COMMAND REFERENCE .............................................................................................. 23
7. Routine Maintenance .................................................................................................................... 28
General ............................................................................................................................................. 28
Required Test Equipment .................................................................................................................. 28
Precision Resistors:........................................................................................................................ 28
Voltage Standard: .......................................................................................................................... 28
DMM: ............................................................................................................................................ 28
Power Supply:................................................................................................................................ 28
Calibration Procedure........................................................................................................................ 29
VOLTAGE SENSE ADJUSTMENTS..................................................................................................... 29
SOURCE ADJUSTMENTS ................................................................................................................. 31
FAILSAFE CHECK............................................................................................................................. 31
Checking the Calibration Results........................................................................................................ 32
½ Scale and Linearity Check ........................................................................................................... 32
Zero Check..................................................................................................................................... 32
Battery Replacement Instructions...................................................................................................... 32
8. Addendum..................................................................................................................................... 33

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1. General Information
Instrument Description
Welcome to a new era of Protection. Featuring the intrinsically safe internal circuitry of our storied 4314
Igniter Tester line, the 4314Mi expands our new generation of precision measurement instruments.
Covering a wide 8-measurement range, the 4314Mi is an ideal fit for the aerospace, defense, renewable
energy, and manufacturing industries. This unit can easily replace multiple other instruments while
providing clearer, more useful data. Some applications include squib circuits, fuses, release mechanisms,
thrust vector motor control, deployment systems, pyrotechnic initiators, primers, and generic circuity
continuity testing.
As in the past, safety and reliability have been the fundamental focus throughout the conception,
prototyping, and testing process. Externally, the unit is housed in a durable, impact-resistant aluminum
case built for both laboratory and field use. Internally, the 4314Mi incorporates our redundant fail-safe,
current-limiting network circuitry ensuring the instrument test currents cannot exceed the specified
amount, even in the unlikely event of a worst-case component failure.
The 4314Mi features the same circuits and specifications as the 4314Ki, but with additional safety. The
4314Mi front panel has a 6-pin Mil-Spec circular connector, “MS3112E10-6S” that replaces the four-
terminal banana jacks used on the 4314Ki front panel and the battery charge jack located on the 4314Ki
back panel. This gives the 4314Mi, an added safety feature that prevents the possibility of having the
charging adapter connected while using the instrument for measurements. This is accomplished by the
removal of the rear panel charge jack and including its connections to the instruments charging circuits
through the 6-pin front panel connector. Four of the front panel connector pins are used to mate with
the measurement adapter cable and the other two pins are for the battery charging cable adapter. By
using separate adapter cables for measurements and charging of the batteries, it ensures that the charge
circuit cannot be activated at the same time as measurements are being made.
Also included is the isolated serial interface, that allows for remote control of the unit through an RS-232
port on the back panel. Digital signals are transmitted across the isolation barrier using iCoupler
technology. Via the interface, the user can fully operate the meter and query measurement and
configuration data.
Please read this manual thoroughly and all accompanying addendums before attempting to operate this
igniter tester.
Instrument Identification
Valhalla Scientific instruments are identified by a two-part serial number. The Serial Tag is located on the
rear or bottom of the instrument. The number is in the form of 69-0000. The first two digits, called the
serial number prefix, indicate the model. It changes only when a change is made to the instrument. The
last 4 digits, called the serial number suffix, are unique for each individual unit.
Be sure to include the entire serial number, both prefix and suffix, in any correspondence about your
instrument.

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2. Unpacking and Installing
Inspection
If the shipping carton is damaged, request that the carrier's agent be present when the unit is unpacked.
If the instrument appears damaged, the carrier's agent should authorize repairs before the unit is returned
to the factory. Even if the instrument appears undamaged, it may have suffered internal damage in transit
that may not be evident until the unit is operated or tested to verify conformance with its specifications.
If the unit fails to operate or fails to meet the performance specifications, notify the carrier's agent and
the nearest Valhalla Sales Office. Retain the shipping carton for the carrier's inspection. DO NOT return
equipment to Valhalla Scientific, Inc., or any of its sales offices prior to obtaining authorization to do so.
Power Requirements
The Model 4314Mi is powered by four internal rechargeable heavy-duty Nickel–metal hydride (NiMH)
batteries within a battery pack. The battery pack is charged by an external AC/DC converter that plugs
into a standard receptacle. The AC adapter can accept an input voltage from 100 to 240 Vac (50-60Hz)
and has an output of 5.9VDC @ 1.25A.
The 4314Mi can also support supplies from 5.9V to 9Vdc @ 300mA to 1.25A.
The unit is equipped with a 2A Fast Blow fuse installed on the rear panel.
To charge the batteries, the device must be:
1. Turned Off
2. Connected to the Power Supply/Charger.
The battery pack may power the 4314Mi for up to 18 hours before requiring a recharge.
Although the batteries are fully charged prior to shipment, it may be desirable to refresh the charge for
24 hours before use. It takes approximately 16 hours to fully charge the batteries. Do not leave the unit
plugged in for extended periods (24+ hours)
Installation
The Model 4314Mi consumes little power and generates virtually no heat. Consequently, it may be used
in any area where the environment does not exceed the temperature specifications of Chapter 3.

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3. Specifications
This section contains accuracy and operational specifications for the Model 4314Mi. The accuracy
specifications are valid for a period of one year from the date of calibration at a temperature of 15°C
(59°F) to 35°C (95°F). Outside this range, the temperature coefficient specification applies.
Range/Resolution/Test Current/Failsafe Current
Table 1
Range
Value
2Ω
20Ω
200Ω
2kΩ
20kΩ
200kΩ
2MΩ
2MΩ
Standby
Resolution
100μΩ
1mΩ
10mΩ
100mΩ
1Ω
10Ω
100Ω
1kΩ
-
Test
Current
5mA
5mA
500µA
50μA
5μA
500nA
50nA
5nA
0A
Fail-Safe
Current[1]
8mA
8mA
1.8mA
180μA
18μA
1.8μA
180nA
18nA
-
[1] Maximum value. Actual Failsafe Currents vary from instrument to instrument. The actual measured
level is provided on the certificate of calibration.
Accuracy
Table 2
Range
Accuracy
2Ω
±0.03% of reading ± 0.02% of range
20Ω
±0.03% of reading ± 0.02% of range
200Ω
±0.03% of reading ± 0.02% of range
2kΩ
±0.03% of reading ± 0.02% of range
20kΩ
±0.03% of reading ± 0.02% of range
200kΩ
±0.05% of reading ± 0.05% of range
2MΩ
±1% of reading ± 0.2% of range
20MΩ
±2% of reading ± 0.2% of range

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Temperature
Temperature Coefficient: ±0.002% per °C (from 0°C-15°C and 35°C-50°C)
not applicable for 200kΩ range and above.
Operating Temperature Range: 0°C to 50°C
Storage Temperature Range: -10°C to 70°C
General Specifications
Display Type: 4 ½ digits OLED (19999)
Overload Indication: Screen displays “O.L.”
Conversion Rate: 3 readings per second
Terminal Configuration: 4-Wire Kelvin
Current Source Compliance Voltage: Clamped at 1.6V
Power: (“D” Cell Batt. Pk) 4.8V rechargeable NiMH Batteries 10000mAh
Battery Charger: Provides 4.9VDC at 1.25A nominal.
Physical Specifications
Width: 9.75” / 24.8cm
Depth: 11.5” / 29.2cm
Height: 3.5” / 8.9cm
Weight: 6.2lbs / 2.8kg net

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4. Features and Operations
Introduction
This chapter covers the fundamentals of Igniter Tester operation. It shows how to use the 4314Mi front
and rear panels, how to make connections, and describes the display sections and messages. Before using
the instrument to make measurements, it is important to familiarize yourself with each section of the
front and rear panel of the 4314Mi.
Front Panel
The front panel of the 4314Mi can be broken down into 4 parts. In Figure 1 you can see the regions
indicated by their name.
Figure 1 – 4314Mi Front Panel Callouts
Power Switch
When the front panel power switch is placed in the OFF/CHARGE position, all power is removed from the
output terminals, and the battery pack is connected to the charging circuit. When the switch is placed in
the ON position, the battery pack is disconnected from the charging circuit. The possibility of a common
mode voltage between the device under test and AC Power ground is therefore eliminated. The switch
also functions as a low battery indicator. When battery level is within operational limits, the switch will
illuminate in blue. Once the battery voltage level drops below the minimum operational limit, the switch
will change to red.
Display
During measurements, the display presents 4 sections.

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Measurement
Under normal operations, the Ohms display will indicate the value of the resistance being measured. The
multiplier will indicate whether the value displayed is in Ohms, kOhms or MOhms. (ohms, kilo-ohms or
mega-ohms).
Battery Indicator
Indicates that the device is in battery mode.
Indicates that the device is in battery mode and low battery is detected.
Readings should not be trusted. A 16-hour recharge should be performed before using the
4314Mi.

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Range and Test Current
Indicates the range selected and the test current level used.
Local/Remote Indicator
This section of the display indicates the remote/local state of the instrument. If RMT is displayed, the
instrument is in remote state and can only receive commands through its remote interface port. If the
section is blank, the 4314Mi is in local state and will receive commands from the front panel keys.
Range Selection Keys
The eight range keys allow the user to select the required measurement range of the instrument. Each
key is labeled with the respective range value.
6 Pin Mil-Spec Connector for Measurement and Charging
Measurement connections and charging are made via the front panel 6 pin connector.
Source and Sense Connections
The 4314Mi will include a set of 4 wire alligator clips (AF-K) that will mate with the front panel connector
via Mil-Spec MS3116F10-6P. Four of the terminal pins on the front panel receptacle are used as Sense and
Source pins providing full 4-Wire Kelvin measurement capability.
PIN-A
Positive Voltage Sense
PIN-D
Negative Current Source
PIN-B
Negative Voltage Sense
PIN-E
Positive Current Source
Positive and negative current source terminals provide the test current, while the positive and negative
voltage sense terminals are used to monitor the voltage drop across the load.
The 4-Wire Kelvin configuration eliminates errors normally caused by test lead and contact resistances. In
many applications, the contact resistance can exceed the value of the load by several orders of magnitude.
The 4314Mi bypasses this potential error source by providing two pins of constant current and an
additional two pins for high impedance voltage sensing. The result is a fast, accurate resistance

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measurement of the load, independent of the resistance of the current carrying leads. Later in this chapter
we will illustrate how the 4-wire principle is used to eliminate lead, wire, and contact resistances as
potential error sources.
Charger Connections
The 4314Mi will include a battery charger that will mate with the front panel connector via Mil-Spec
MS3116F10-6P. Two of the terminal pins on the front panel receptacle are used as charger inputs.
PIN-C
Battery Charger Negative
PIN-F
Battery Charger Positive
The charging requirements of the internal battery pack are 5.9VDC @ 1.25A. The correct charging voltage
is supplied by the adapter included with the instrument. Additional adapters are available as Option "AF-
A".

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Rear Panel
The rear panel of the 4314Mi may vary from unit to unit based on the features installed. If the 4314Mi
that you are using features terminals or connectors that are not described in this section, please refer to
any available addendum that references the particularities of your model.
Fuse Holder
The fuse holder is mounted on the rear panel and contains a 2 amp in-line fuse. This fuse is designed to
protect the battery pack from excessive charging currents. For continued protection, replace the line fuse
only with fuse of the same voltage and current rating and type. DO NOT use repaired fuses or short-
circuited fuse holders.
RS-232 Connector
The RS-232 interface of the 4314Mi is an ultra-safe isolated serial Interface. The digital signals are
transmitted across the isolation barrier using iCoupler technology. The RS-232 serial interfacing is done
through the 9-pin female D-Sub connector located on the rear panel of the instrument. Knowledge of the
specific pin functions of the serial connector may be necessary for certain applications; see chapter 6
(Remote Interface) for connector pin assignment.

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Power Up
Before applying power, please refer to chapter 2.
Turn on the 4314Mi by pressing the power switch into the ON position. The switch will illuminate blue (or
red if the batteries are low). If the device does not turn on, check the line power fuse. If the fuse is intact,
switch the device off and charge the batteries for 16 hours.
Once you have turned on the 4314Mi, it will start its power-on routine. The screen will display the
following messages:
In this state, the device does not output test current. To continue, the user can manually select a range
from the front panel keypad or send a range command via the serial interface.
It is important to note that in the power up (or Standby) state, the 4314Mi will only respond to a keypress,
a range select command, or an identification query.

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Connecting a Load to the 4314Ki
Connections are made to the front panel terminal using a 4-wire configuration as described in 4-Wire
Resistance Measurement. Simply use the provided leads or a lead set terminated in a circular connector
MS3116F10-6P, configured as follows.
PIN-A
Positive Voltage Sense
PIN-D
Negative Current Source
PIN-B
Negative Voltage Sense
PIN-E
Positive Current Source

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4-Wire Resistance Measurement
The four-wire configuration of the 4314Mi eliminates errors normally caused by test lead and contact
resistances. In many applications, the contact resistance can exceed the value of the load by several orders
of magnitude. The 4314Mi bypasses this potential error source by providing two terminals of constant
current and an additional two terminals for high impedance voltage measurement. The result is a fast,
accurate resistance measurement of the load, independent of the resistance of the current carrying leads.
Figure 2 - Error Sources in Resistance Measurements
Figure 2 illustrates how the 4-wire principle is used to eliminate lead, wire, and contact resistances as
potential error sources. The internal current source inherently overcomes all series resistance (within
compliance voltage limits) and delivers a precise constant current.
The internal high-impedance DVM senses the voltage drop across the load. There is negligible contact and
lead resistance error created by the voltage measurement because the high input impedance of the DVM
limits current flow in the voltage leads.

17
The most common termination is alligator type clips. If this is your choice of leads, simply connect one clip
to one end of your load and the other clip to the opposite side of the load.
For flat surfaces, you can choose between two different spring-
loaded surface probes. If this is your choice of leads, simply press
one probe against one side of the surface of your load, making
sure that the surface of the probe is in full contact with the
surface of the load. Press the second probe against the surface
at the oppose side of your load making sure that the surface of
the probe is in full contact with the surface of the load.
For hard-to-reach surfaces, Valhalla Scientific offers two sets of
spring-loaded dual needle probes differentiated by overall size
and distance between the needles. If this is your choice of leads,
simply press both the needles of one probe against one end of
the surface of your load, press both needles of the second probe
against the surface at the oppose end of your load.
See chapter 5 for a full list of lead sets and accessories for your
4314Mi.

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Interpreting the Display
All Valhalla ohmmeters and igniter testers use a high impedance voltmeter as part of the resistance
measurement process. This voltmeter is a highly accurate and stable 24 bit analog-to-digital converter
(ADC). Unless it is receiving a definite input signal, the output reading of this ADC is ambiguous. The display
may indicate a randomly wandering number, or it may indicate an over-range condition. This
unpredictable display may make it seem to appear that the instrument is experiencing some sort of
malfunction. It is, in fact, just a characteristic of the voltmeter circuit and should not be mistaken for a
fault in the instrument.
The display indications should be ignored unless there is a definite measurement being taken. If this
wandering display is not acceptable, the ohmmeter can be made to indicate zero whenever the sense
terminals are shorted.
The display should indicate a stable reading when the test leads are securely attached to the device under
test. If the display appears to be erroneous when connected to a load, recheck the test leads for integrity
and cleanliness. If all external items appear to be functioning properly, the problem may be the
ohmmeter. In this case, please contact your local Valhalla Scientific Sales Office.
Fail-Safe Operation
The 4314Mi incorporate a proprietary current source design that renders them incapable of delivering
excessive voltage or current to the device under test. Maximum Fail-Safe Current values are listed in Table
3.
Range
Fail-Safe Current
2Ω
< 8mA
20Ω
< 8mA
200Ω
< 1.8mA
2kΩ
< 180µA
20kΩ
< 18µA
200kΩ
< 1.8µA
2MΩ
< 180nA
20MΩ
< 18nA
Table 3 - Fail-Safe Current Values per Range
Every 4314Mi Igniter Testers is thoroughly tested before the leaves the factory. This includes a failsafe
test that simulates a "worst case" failure condition. The resulting output current is recorded and provided
on the Certificate of Calibration included with every unit.