Valhalla Scientific Alpha 4314 Series User manual

Alpha 4314 Series
Standard (STD) and Reduced Current (KRC) Models
Digital Igniter Tester
Operations Manual
Valhalla Scientific, Inc. | 12127 Kirkham Rd. Poway CA 92064 | www.valhallascientific.com

VALHALLA SCIENTIFIC INC. CERTIFICATION
Valhalla Scientific, Inc. certifies that this instrument was thoroughly tested and inspected and found
to meet published specifications when shipped from the factory. Valhalla Scientific, Inc. further
certifies that its calibration measurements are traceable to the Nation Institute of Standards and
Technology to the extent allowed by NIST’s calibration facility.
Due to continuing product refinement and due to possible parts manufacturer changes, Valhalla
Scientific, Inc. reserve the rights to change any or all specifications without notice.
VALHALLA SCIENTIFIC INC. WARRANTY STATEMENT
The warranty period for this instrument is stated on your invoice and packing list. Please refer to these
to determine appropriate warranty dates.
We will repair the instrument during the warranty period provided it is returned to Valhalla Scientific,
Inc. freight prepaid. No other warranty is expressed or implied.
Valhalla Scientific, Inc. is not liable for consequential damages.
Permission and a Return Material Authorization number (RMA) must be obtained directly from the
factory for warranty repairs. No liability will be accepted if returned without such permission.
Due to continuing product refinement and due to possible parts manufacturer change, Valhalla
Scientific reserves the right to change any or all specifications without notice.
ALPHA 4314 Digital Igniter Tester User Manual
Revision # 65 Edition 3 (2019)
Copyright © 2019 Valhalla Scientific, Inc. All rights reserved

WARNINGS
The following general safety precautions must be observed during all phases of operation, service, and
repair of this product. Failure to comply with these precautions or with specific warnings elsewhere
in this manual violates safety standards of design, manufacture, and intended use of the product.
Valhalla Scientific assumes no liability for the customer’s failure to comply with these requirements.
Ground the equipment: For Safety class 1 equipment (equipment having a protective earth terminal),
an interrupted safety earth ground must be provided from the main power source to the product input
wiring terminals or supplied power cable.
DO NOT operate the product in an explosive atmosphere or in presence of flammable gases or fumes.
For continued protection, replace the line fuse(s) only with fuse(s) of the same voltage and current
rating and type. DO NOT use repaired fuses or short-circuited fuse holders.
Keep away from live circuits: Operating personnel must not remove equipment covers or shields.
Procedures involving the removal of covers or shields are for use service trained personnel only. Under
certain conditions, dangerous voltage may exist even with the equipment switched off. To avoid
dangerous electrical shock, DO NOT perform procedures involving cover or shield removal unless you
are qualified to do so.
DO NOT operate damaged equipment: Whenever it is possible that the safety protection features
built into this product have been impaired, either through physical damage, excessive moisture, or any
reason,
REMOVE POWER and do not use the product until safe operation can be verified by service-trained
personnel. If necessary, return the product to Valhalla Scientific for service and repair to ensure that
safety features are maintained.
DO NOT service or adjust alone: Do not attempt internal service or adjustment unless another person,
capable of rendering first aid and resuscitation, is present.
DO NOT substitute parts or modify equipment: Because of the danger of introducing additional
hazards, do not install substitute parts or perform any unauthorized modification to the product.
Return the product to Valhalla Scientific for service and repair to ensure that safety features are
maintained.
Measuring high voltage is always hazardous: ALL multimeters input terminals (both front and rear)
must be considered hazardous whenever inputs greater than 42V (dc or peak) are connected to ANY
input terminal.
Permanent wiring of hazardous voltage or sources capable of delivering greater than 150VA should be
labeled, fused, or in some other way protected against accidental bridging or equipment failure.
DO NOT leave measurement terminals energized when not in use.

Table of Contents
Chapter 1 – General Information.................................................................................................................. 1
Instrument Description ............................................................................................................................. 1
Safety Considerations ............................................................................................................................... 1
Instrument Identification.......................................................................................................................... 1
Chapter 2 – Unpacking and Installing ........................................................................................................... 2
Inspection.................................................................................................................................................. 2
Power Requirements ................................................................................................................................ 2
Installation ................................................................................................................................................ 2
Chapter 3 – Specifications............................................................................................................................. 3
Standard Current Models: Range/Resolution/Test Current/Failsafe Current.......................................... 3
KRC Reduced Current Models: Range/Resolution/Test Current/Failsafe Current ................................... 3
Accuracy.................................................................................................................................................... 4
Temperature ............................................................................................................................................. 4
General Specifications............................................................................................................................... 4
Physical Specifications .............................................................................................................................. 4
Chapter 4 – Optional Equipment .................................................................................................................. 5
Available Options ...................................................................................................................................... 5
Option A: Battery Charger.................................................................................................................... 5
Replacement Batteries.......................................................................................................................... 5
Option CC4: Carrying Case ................................................................................................................... 5
Option R4: Rack Mount Adapter.......................................................................................................... 5
Test Leads ................................................................................................................................................. 5
Option K: 4-Wire Kelvin Lead Set ......................................................................................................... 5
Option MP-S: Single Probe Lead Set .................................................................................................... 5
Option MP-1: Kelvin Micro-Probes ...................................................................................................... 5
Option MP-2: Kelvin Mini-Probes ........................................................................................................ 5
Option MP-3: Kelvin Micro-Probes ...................................................................................................... 6
Option MP-4/MP-5: Surface Probes .................................................................................................... 6
Option KK: 4-Wire Kelvin Lead Set ....................................................................................................... 6
Option C: Banana-to-Clip Cable ........................................................................................................... 6
Option BBL: Banana-to-Banana Cable.................................................................................................. 6

Option KCS: Kelvin Clips ....................................................................................................................... 6
Option JAWS: Heavy-Duty Clips ........................................................................................................... 6
Interface.................................................................................................................................................... 6
Option BCD: Data Output...................................................................................................................... 6
Option RS232: Data Output .................................................................................................................. 6
Chapter 5 - Operations.................................................................................................................................. 7
General...................................................................................................................................................... 7
Front Panel................................................................................................................................................ 7
Power Switch ........................................................................................................................................ 7
Range Switch......................................................................................................................................... 7
Rear Panel ................................................................................................................................................. 7
Fuse holder............................................................................................................................................ 7
Charging Jack......................................................................................................................................... 7
4-Wire Resistance Measurement ............................................................................................................. 8
Connections .............................................................................................................................................. 9
Interpreting the Display ............................................................................................................................ 9
Failsafe Operation..................................................................................................................................... 9
Battery Monitoring Circuitry...................................................................................................................10
Range Indicator LEDs .............................................................................................................................. 10
Chapter 6 - Troubleshooting ....................................................................................................................... 11
Localizing the Problem............................................................................................................................11
Component Replacement ....................................................................................................................... 11
Chapter 7 - Routine Maintenance............................................................................................................... 12
General.................................................................................................................................................... 12
Required Test Equipment ....................................................................................................................... 12
Precision Resistors: .............................................................................................................................12
Test Leads: .......................................................................................................................................... 12
Voltage Standard: ...............................................................................................................................12
DMM: ..................................................................................................................................................12
Power Supply: .....................................................................................................................................12
Calibration Procedure ............................................................................................................................. 13
VOLTAGE SENSE ADJUSTMENTS for STANDARD CURRENT MODELS .................................................13
VOLTAGE SENSE ADJUSTMENTS for KRC REDUCED CURRENT MODELS.............................................13

RESISTANCE ADJUSTMENTS................................................................................................................ 14
FAILSAFE CHECK .................................................................................................................................. 14
LOW BATTERY & POWER-UP CHECK ................................................................................................... 15
Checking the Calibration Results ............................................................................................................ 15
½ Scale and Linearity Check ................................................................................................................ 15
Zero Check...........................................................................................................................................15
Battery Replacement Instructions .......................................................................................................... 15
Chapter 8 - Interface Operations ................................................................................................................16
BCD Interface ..........................................................................................................................................16
Safety Isolated RS-232 Interface.............................................................................................................17
Connecting the Alpha 4314 via RS232 ................................................................................................ 17
COMMANDS AND SYNTAX..................................................................................................................18
DETAILS OF COMMAND REFERENCE................................................................................................... 18
Chapter 9 - Addendums .............................................................................................................................. 23

1
Chapter 1 – General Information
Instrument Description
The Valhalla Scientific Model Alpha 4314 Digital Igniter Tester is designed to provide extremely safe and
reliable resistance testing of explosive or volatile devices. Some of the proven uses include: fuses, squibs,
igniters, explosive bolts, automobile airbag initiators and many others.
Essentially, a Model Alpha 4314 is a 4-wire ohmmeter which has been designed to use very low test
currents for its measurement. Additional circuitry proprietary to Valhalla Scientific is used to ensure that
test current levels do not exceed the specified "failsafe current" even in a worst-case component failure
situation. The failsafe feature is tested in every instrument before shipment and the results provided to
the customer on a Certificate of Calibration that accompanies the unit.
The Alpha 4314 series consists of more than 35 different versions spanning the measurement range from
0.1m resolution to 200M full scale. The Alpha 4314 may have a maximum of four (4) of nine (9) ranges
installed at any one time. Unless otherwise specified when placing the order, the Model Alpha 4314 with
the 20, 200, 2k and 20k Ranges is the standard configuration. Instruments with special feature are also
available. Please check any addendums that may apply to special Alpha 4314 versions.
Standard feature of the Alpha 4314 is a battery monitoring circuit that alerts the user if the batteries have
become or will soon become unusable. Please refer to Chapter 5 for more details.
Front panel LED indicators provide a visual indication of which range are installed and which range is
selected. Also refer to Chapter 5 for details.
Safety Considerations
The Alpha 4314 Digital Igniter Tester is a battery operated equipment, for an optimal function of the
Failsafe circuitry DO NOT connect the battery charger while the instrument is in an ON position. Always
disconnect the battery charger before operating the instrument.
Instrument Identification
Valhalla Scientific instruments are identified by a two part serial number. The Serial Tag is located on the
rear or bottom of the instrument. The number is in a form of 00-0000. The first two digits, called the serial
number prefix, indicate the model. It changes only when a change is made to the instrument. The last 4
digits, called the serial number suffix, are unique for each individual unit.
Be sure to include the entire serial number, both prefix and suffix, in any correspondence about your
instrument.
The serial number can also be found on the Main Board, Calibration Tag and Certificate of Calibration.

2
Chapter 2 – Unpacking and Installing
Inspection
If the shipping carton is damaged, request that the carrier's agent be present when the unit is unpacked.
If the instrument appears damaged, the carrier's agent should authorize repairs before the unit is returned
to the factory. Even if the instrument appears undamaged, it may have suffered internal damage in transit
that may not be evident until the unit is operated or tested to verify conformance with its specifications.
If the unit fails to operate or fails to meet the performance specifications of Chapter 3, notify the carrier's
agent and the nearest Valhalla Sales Office. Retain the shipping carton for the carrier's inspection. DO
NOT return equipment to Valhalla Scientific or any of its sales offices prior to obtaining authorization to
do so.
Power Requirements
The Model Alpha 4314 is powered by an internal rechargeable heavy-duty NiMH battery pack. The battery
charge is maintained by an external AC/DC converter that plugs into a standard 100-240Vac 50-60Hz
receptacle. The AC adapter provides 6VDC @ 1.25A.
For safety reasons, the Alpha 4314 may not be powered directly from the AC adapter. The Alpha 4314
must be turned off and have the adapter connected in order to charge the batteries.
The battery pack may power the Alpha 4314 for up to 10 hours before requiring a recharge.
Although the batteries are fully charged prior to shipment, it may be desirable to refresh the charge for
24 hours before use. As a rule of thumb, the Alpha 4314 requires twice as much time to fully recharge as
the amount of discharge time. For example, if the instrument was used continuously for 2 hours, the AC
adapter must be connected for 4 hours in order to fully restore the charge.
To avoid damage, do not turn on the Alpha 4314 while connected to a load.
Installation
The Model Alpha 4314 consumes little power and generates virtually no heat. Consequently, it may be
used in any area where the environment does not exceed the temperature specifications of Chapter 3.
A rack mount adapter is available to allow installation of the Alpha 4314 in a standard 19" equipment rack.
This option is designated as Option R4. When installing this instrument in a rack environment, avoid
exposing the Alpha 4314 to extremes of temperature, which will affect the accuracy and shorten battery
life-span. For installation instructions, please refer to the drawing included with the option.

3
Chapter 3 – Specifications
Standard Current Models: Range/Resolution/Test Current/Failsafe Current
Table 1.A – Standard Current Models
Range #
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Range
Value
2Ω
20Ω
200Ω
2kΩ
20kΩ
200kΩ
2MΩ
20MΩ
200MΩ
Resolution
100μΩ
1mΩ
10mΩ
100mΩ
1Ω
10Ω
100Ω
1kΩ
10kΩ
Test
Current
10mA
10mA
1mA
100μA
10μA
1μA
100nA
10nA
1nA
Fail-Safe
Current[1]
16mA
16mA
1.8mA
180μA
18μA
1.8μA
180nA
18nA
1.8nA
[1] Max Value. The actual measured level is provided on the certificate of calibration.
KRC Reduced Current Models: Range/Resolution/Test Current/Failsafe Current
Table 2.B - Reduced Current Models
Range #
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Range
Value
2Ω
20Ω
200Ω
2kΩ
20kΩ
200kΩ
2MΩ
Resolution
100μΩ
1mΩ
10mΩ
100mΩ
1Ω
10Ω
100Ω
Test
Current
5mA
5mA
500μA
50μA
5μA
500nA
50nA
Fail-Safe
Current[1]
8mA
8mA
1.8mA
180μA
18μA
1.8μA
180nA
[1] Max Value. The actual measured level is provided on the certificate of calibration.

4
Accuracy
Table 3
Range
Accuracy
2Ω
±0.02% of reading ± 0.02% of range
20Ω
±0.02% of reading ± 0.02% of range
200Ω
±0.02% of reading ± 0.02% of range
2kΩ
±0.02% of reading ± 0.02% of range
20kΩ
±0.02% of reading ± 0.02% of range
200kΩ
±0.05% of reading ± 0.05% of range
2MΩ
±1% of reading ± 0.2% of range
20MΩ
±2% of reading ± 0.2% of range
200MΩ
±3% of reading ± 1% of range
Temperature
Temperature Coefficient: ±0.002% per °C (from 0°C-15°C and 35°C-50°C)
not applicable for 200kΩ range and above.
Operating Temperature Range: 0°C to 50°C
Storage Temperature Range: -10°C to 70°C
General Specifications
Display Type: 4 ½ digits Light Emitting Diodes (LED) (19999)
Overload Indication: Screen displays “O.L.”
Conversion Rate: 3 readings per second
Terminal Configuration: 4-Wire Kelvin
Current Source Compliance Voltage: Clamped at 1.6V
Power: (4 “D” Cell) 1.2V rechargeable NiMH Batteries 10000mAh
Battery Charger: 100-240Vac 50-60Hz Input. Provides 6VDC at 1.25A nom.
Physical Specifications
Width: 9.5” / 24cm
Depth: 11” / 27cm
Height: 3” / 8cm
Weight: 3 lbs / 1.3kg net; 6lbs / 3kg shipping [2]
[2] Shipping weight may vary.

5
Chapter 4 – Optional Equipment
Available Options
Listed below are the options available for use with the Alpha 4314 Series Digital Igniter Testers.
Option A: Battery Charger
Option "A" is an AC/DC converter that converts 115VAC line voltage to 6VDC at 300mA. One charger is
provided as a standard accessory with every Alpha 4314.
Replacement Batteries
The rechargeable NiMH batteries installed in the Alpha 4314 should provide years of trouble-free
operation. Replacement, however, will eventually be necessary. The Alpha 4314 uses four 1.2V cells
installed in a reusable battery box. The batteries are held in place by reusable tie-wraps. When ordering
replacement batteries, please specify Valhalla Stock #05-10117, quantity four (4).
Option CC4: Carrying Case
Option "CC4" is a meter and accessory carrying case with extra room for test leads, battery charger, etc.
Option R4: Rack Mount Adapter
Option "R4" is an adapter tray that allows the Alpha 4314 to be installed in a standard 19" equipment
rack.
Test Leads
Option K: 4-Wire Kelvin Lead Set
Option "K" is the recommended general purpose lead set for all Valhalla Ohmmeters. Option K is a
shielded 48" lead set terminating in ½ inch gold plated clips.
Option MP-S: Single Probe Lead Set
Option "MP-S" is a 4-wire lead set terminated in single points. The 4-wire configuration is maintained up
to the point of the probe, eliminating most cable resistance effects. Option MP-S may be used where a
single probe tip is a must.
Option MP-1: Kelvin Micro-Probes
Option "MP-1" is a 48" shielded lead set (dual banana), handheld pencil type, terminated in spring loaded
steel tips with .05" separation (1 amp max.). Special orders or modified versions available upon request.
Option MP-2: Kelvin Mini-Probes
Option "MP- 2" is a 48"shielded lead set, handheld pencil type, terminated in spring loaded steel tips with
0.18" separation. (1 Amp max.)

6
Option MP-3: Kelvin Micro-Probes
Option "MP-1" is a 48" shielded lead set (dual banana), handheld pencil type, terminated in spring loaded
steel tips with .08" separation (1 amp max.). Special orders or modified versions available upon request.
Option MP-4/MP-5: Surface Probes
These probes permit rapid, repeatable bonding testing on a variety of screened or flat surfaces. Test
current is evenly distributed through the probe base while sensing is accomplished via a spring loaded
center contact. The "MP-4" target area is 1" in diameter. The "MP-5" target area is .4" in diameter.
Option KK: 4-Wire Kelvin Lead Set
Option "KK" is a 48" heavy duty cable set terminated in large "jaws" that have an open span of 2".
Option C: Banana-to-Clip Cable
Option "C" is a 48" shielded cable terminated in dual alligator clips
Option BBL: Banana-to-Banana Cable
Option "BBL" is a 48" shielded cable terminated in dual banana plugs at both ends.
Option KCS: Kelvin Clips
Option "KCS" is the gold plated Kelvin clips used on the Option "K" cable. These clips may be used when
making custom cables or when repairing Option "K".
Option JAWS: Heavy-Duty Clips
2" opening for use on large bushings, transformers and motors. The upper/lower jaw teeth (gold plated)
provide true 4-wire measurement. Can accommodate up to 150 amps.
Interface
Option BCD: Data Output
This option provides parallel BCD data on p rear-panel 50-pin connector. All outputs are TTL comparable
levels with a drive capability of 1 LS load. The Option BCD may be used to drive the Valhalla Model 1248.
(See Chapter 8)
Option RS232: Data Output
The interface is isolated to 2.5kV on both power and Data lines and uses iCoupler Technology. Option RS-
232 provides a safe way to communicate with the Alpha 4314 via a computer or PLC and allows the
transfer of single readings or continuous transmission of data. This interface is for data acquisition only
and does not provide range control (See Chapter 8)

7
Chapter 5 - Operations
General
This section of the manual contains complete operating instructions for the Alpha 4314 Series Digital
Igniter Testers. A description of the front panel controls, connection instructions, and the theory behind
4-wire resistance measurement is discussed in this section.
Front Panel
Power Switch
When the front panel power switch is placed in the OFF/CHARGE position, all power is removed from the
output terminals, and the battery pack is connected to the charging circuit. When the switch is placed in
the ON position, the battery pack is disconnected from the charging circuit. The possibility of a common
mode voltage between the device under test and AC Power ground is therefore eliminated.
Range Switch
The Model Alpha 4314 input range is selected by depressing the desired button on a multi-station
interlocking pushbutton array located on the right-hand side of the front panel. The pushbutton for the
lowest resistance range is nearest to the POWER switch. LED indicators will point out the range and failsafe
current selected.
Rear Panel
Fuse holder
The fuse holder is mounted on the rear panel and contains a 2 amp in-line fuse. This fuse is designed to
protect the battery pack from excessive charging currents. Customers may request special models with
the fuse holder mounted on the front panel. For continued protection, replace the line fuse only with fuse
of the same voltage and current rating and type. DO NOT use repaired fuses or short-circuited fuse
holders.
Charging Jack
The battery charging jack is a barrel type and is located on the Alpha 4314 rear panel. The center pin of
the connector is positive. The charging requirements of the internal battery pack are 6VDC @300mA. The
correct charging voltage is supplied by the adapter included with the instrument. Additional adapters are
available as Option "A". Customers may request special models with the charger jack mounted on the
front panel.

8
4-Wire Resistance Measurement
The four-terminal configuration of the Alpha 4314 eliminates errors normally caused by test lead and
contact resistances. In many applications the contact resistance can exceed the value of the load by
several orders of magnitude. The Alpha 4314 bypasses this potential error source by providing two
terminals of constant current and an additional two terminals for high impedance voltage measurement.
The result is a fast, accurate resistance measurement of the load, independent of the resistance of the
current carrying leads.
Figure 1 - Error Sources in Resistance Measurements
Figure 1 illustrates how the 4-wire principle is used to eliminate lead, wire and contact resistances as
potential error sources. The internal current source inherently overcomes all series resistance (within
compliance voltage limits) and delivers a precise constant current.
The internal high-impedance DVM senses the voltage drop across the load. There is negligible contact and
lead resistance error created by the voltage measurement because the high input impedance of the DVM
limits current flow in the voltage leads.

9
Connections
Connections are made to the front panel terminals using a 4-wire configuration as described in 4-Wire
Resistance Measurement. When using Valhalla test leads, the tabbed side of the banana jack is plugged
into the current terminals. This ensures that the current is carried in the largest conductor and that the
voltage input is shielded.
VHI ☼☼IHI ←Tab
VLO ☼☼ILO ←Tab
Interpreting the Display
All Valhalla ohmmeters use a high impedance voltmeter as part of the resistance measurement process.
This voltmeter is a highly accurate and stable 4 ½ digit analog-to-digital converter (ADC). Unless it is
receiving a definite input signal, the output reading of this ADC is ambiguous. The display may indicate a
randomly wandering number or it may indicate an over-range condition. This unpredictable display may
make it seem to appear that the instrument is experiencing some sort of malfunction. It is, in fact, just a
characteristic of the voltmeter circuit and should not be mistaken for a fault in the instrument.
The display indications should be ignored unless there is a definite measurement being taken. If this
wandering display is not acceptable, the ohmmeter can be made to indicate an over-range condition
whenever the terminals are open by using a 4-wire Kelvin type lead set or by shorting the VHI and IHI
terminals together.
The display should indicate a stable reading when the test leads are securely attached to the device under
test. If the display appears to be erroneous when connected to a load, recheck the test leads for integrity
and cleanliness. If all external items appear to be functioning properly, the problem may be the
ohmmeter. In this case, please contact your local Valhalla Scientific Sales Office.
Failsafe Operation
The Alpha 4314 Series Igniter Testers incorporate a proprietary current source design that renders them
incapable of delivering excessive voltage or current to the device under test. The typical failsafe current
for each range is indicated under the corresponding range LED marker on the Alpha 4314 front panel.
Every Alpha 4314 Series Igniter Tester is thoroughly tested before it leaves the factory. These tests include
a failsafe test that simulates a "worst case" failure condition. The resulting output current is recorded and
provided on the Certificate of Calibration included with every Alpha 4314.
As a further precaution the Alpha 4314 is isolated from the AC line whenever the POWER switch is in the
ON position. The Alpha 4314 receives its power from an internal rechargeable battery pack. The Alpha
4314 must be in the OFF/CHARGING position in order to charge the batteries.

10
Battery Monitoring Circuitry
A standard feature of Alpha 4314 is a circuit that monitors the output voltage of the internal battery
supply. The Battery Status LED for this feature is located to the far left of the display window.
•A green Battery Status LED indicate that the batteries are charged and the device can be used.
•A flashing Battery Status LED between green and red, indicates that the batteries will require
recharging within the next ½ hours of continuous use. Readings are still within specified accuracies
at this point.
•A Red Battery Status LED indicates that battery is low and that readings should not be trusted. An
overnight recharge should be performed before using the Alpha 4314 for critical testing.
NOTE: It is possible for the user to receive a low battery indication on a single range only (particularly the
20Ω range), while the Alpha 4314 remains well within operating limits on other ranges. Unless the user
observes a continuous low battery indication during measurement, readings are still valid.
Range Indicator LEDs
The Alpha 4314 can have 4 of 8 possible ranges. The ranges installed are indicated on the front panel by
a series of lit LEDs. The range that is selected during measurement is indicated by a GREEN LED.

11
Chapter 6 - Troubleshooting
Malfunctions are often the result of misinterpretation of specifications or due to an incomplete
understanding of the instrument. A thorough review of the operating instructions for this instrument
is recommended prior to any component replacement. Check to be sure that cables and other test
equipment are in good working order before attempting to troubleshoot the Alpha 4314.
If the Model Alpha 4314 exhibits problems that cannot be eliminated by reviewing Chapter 3 and 5, the
following guidelines have been established to help solve the problem.
Localizing the Problem
The key to successful troubleshooting is to localize the problem as much as possible before trying to pin
the problem down to a specific component. Certain questions should be asked such as "Does the problem
occur on all ranges or on a specific range only?” The power supplies are also one of the first things that
should be checked.
As it is not possible to anticipate all failure modes of the Alpha 4314, servicing personnel should become
familiar with this section to gain a complete understanding of the internal workings of the Model Alpha
4314.
Component Replacement
If the problem has been identified as a faulty component, the accuracy of the Alpha 4314 can be
maintained only if the following precautions are taken:
a) Use only the specified component or its exact equivalent. Spare parts can be ordered from your
nearest Valhalla Scientific Service Center or directly from the factory by referring to the Valhalla
Stock Number.
b) Use only 63/37 grade rosin core electronic grade solder with a 50W or lower maximum power
soldering iron.
c) When soldering, heat the terminal of the component, not the solder. Apply solder smoothly and
evenly. Do not move the component until the solder has cooled. Bad solder joints can cause
additional problems!
d) Static sensitive parts require special handling procedures. Always treat an unknown part as if it
were static sensitive.

12
Chapter 7 - Routine Maintenance
General
This section of the manual contains routine maintenance information regarding the Valhalla Scientific
Model Alpha 4314 Digital Igniter Testers. Calibration should be performed regularly to ensure continued
instrument accuracy. The recommended calibration interval is one year.
Required Test Equipment
Following is a list of the standard resistors and other equipment required to calibrate the Model Alpha
4314.
Note: The Precision Resistors necessary for the calibration of the Alpha 4314 varies based on the installed
ranges.
Precision Resistors:
.1Ω ± 0.01% Accuracy
1Ω ± 0.005% Accuracy 2Ω Range
10Ω ± 0.005% Accuracy 20Ω Range
100Ω ± 0.005% Accuracy 200Ω Range
1KΩ ± 0.005% Accuracy 2kΩ Range
10KΩ ± 0.005% Accuracy 20kΩ Range
100KΩ ± 0.005% Accuracy 200kΩ Range
1MΩ ± 0.005% Accuracy 2MΩ Range
10MΩ ± 0.005% Accuracy 20MΩ Range
100MΩ ± 0.005% Accuracy 100MΩ Range
Test Leads:
4-Wire Lead Set
(Valhalla Option "K" or "C")
Voltage Standard:
Voltage Calibrator capable of outputting from 0V to negative 150mV, 0.03% Accuracy or better.
DMM:
Model 3458A or equivalent.
Power Supply:
A power supply capable of outputting from 4.6 to 6VDC.

13
Calibration Procedure
VOLTAGE SENSE ADJUSTMENTS for STANDARD CURRENT MODELS
Connection:
Apply voltage at Voltage sense Input and short current source and Voltage sense negative Terminals.
And select second Range
1. Apply to the Voltage Sense 0.000mV using a precision power supply.
2. Hold down switch SW7 for 1 second. LED D200 will turn on to indicate that calibration has
started.
3. Press SW7 again. LED D200 will blink while the range is being calibrated.
4. Once D200 stops blinking and is ON, press SW7 again while still applying 0.000mV at Voltage
Sense input. LED D200 will blink while the range is being calibrated.
5. Wait until D200 stops blinking and is ON.
6. Apply negative 15.000 mV at Voltage Sense input.
7. Press SW7. LED D200 will blink while the range is being calibrated.
8. Wait until D200 stops blinking and is ON.
9. Apply negative 150.000 mV at Voltage Sense input.
10. Press SW7. LED D200 will blink while the range is being calibrated.
11. Wait until D200 turns off.
12. Now unit should display 15000 +/-2
13. Disconnect leads.
VOLTAGE SENSE ADJUSTMENTS for KRC REDUCED CURRENT MODELS
Connection:
Apply voltage at Voltage sense Input and short current source and Voltage sense negative Terminals.
And select second Range
1. Apply to the Voltage Sense 0.000mV using a precision power supply.
2. Hold down switch SW7 for 1 second. LED D200 will turn on to indicate that calibration has
started.
3. Press SW7 again. LED D200 will blink while the range is being calibrated.
4. Once D200 stops blinking and is ON, press SW7 again while still applying 0.000mV at Voltage
Sense input. LED D200 will blink while the range is being calibrated.
5. Wait until D200 stops blinking and is ON.
6. Apply negative 7.500 mV at Voltage Sense input.
7. Press SW7. LED D200 will blink while the range is being calibrated.
8. Wait until D200 stops blinking and is ON.
9. Apply negative 75.000 mV at Voltage Sense input.
10. Press SW7. LED D200 will blink while the range is being calibrated.
11. Wait until D200 turns off.
12. Now unit should display 15000 +/-2
13. Disconnect leads.

14
RESISTANCE ADJUSTMENTS
1. Select 2nd range.
2. Connect a standard resistor ½ scale of the selected range.
Example: If the 200Ω range is selected connect to a 100Ω standard resistor.
3. Adjust R15 for a display reading of “10000” (Decimal point unimportant).
4. Select Range 3rd and connect to the correspondent ½ scale standard resistor.
Example: If 2KΩ range is selected, connect to a 1KΩ standard resistor.
5. Adjust RV1 for a display reading equal to the resistor value.
6. Select Range 4th and connect to the correspondent ½ scale standard resistor.
Example: If 20KΩ range is selected, connect to a 10KΩ standard resistor.
7. Adjust RV2 for a display reading equal to the resistor value.
8. Check all remaining ranges with the appropriate standard resistors. All ranges must be within
the specifications outlined in the Cal Certificate Sheet.
9. If the 20Ω range is too low select R27 using the RC Box.
IMPORTANT: If it is necessary to perform step 4.9 go back and forth between the 20Ω and 200Ω range
until both are in spec.
FAILSAFE CHECK
Note: Printed next to each range indicator is the nominal fail-safe current.
1. Connect the 3458A in the ammeter mode across the current terminals. Place the Alpha 4314 in
the lowest resistance range.
2. Short out the front two legs of Q4 and record the measured current level for future use.
3. Repeat this process for each range. The measured value must be less than the value indicated on
the data sheet.
4. For MΩ ranges it will be necessary to connect the appropriate calibration resistor and measure
the voltage drop across it. Use Ohm’s Law to calculate the failsafe current.
Range #
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Range
Value
2Ω
20Ω
200Ω
2kΩ
20kΩ
200kΩ
2MΩ
20MΩ
200MΩ
STD
Fail-Safe
Current
<16mA
<16mA
<1.8mA
<180μA
<18μA
<1.8μA
<180nA
<18nA
<1.8nA
KRC
Fail-Safe
Current
<8mA
<8mA
<1.8mA
<180μA
<18μA
<1.8μA
<180nA
N/A
N/A