Valhalla Scientific 4314KV User manual

4314KV-4314KVS
Rugged Digital Igniter Tester
Operations Manual
Valhalla Scientific, Inc. | 12127 Kirkham Rd. Poway CA 92064 | www.valhallascientific.com

VALHALLA SCIENTIFIC INC. CERTIFICATION
Valhalla Scientific, Inc. certifies that this instrument was thoroughly tested and inspected and found
to meet published specifications when shipped from the factory. Valhalla Scientific, Inc. further
certifies that its calibration measurements are traceable to the Nation Institute of Standards and
Technology to the extent allowed by NIST’s calibration facility.
Due to continuing product refinement and due to possible parts manufacturer changes, Valhalla
Scientific, Inc. reserve the rights to change any or all specifications without notice.
VALHALLA SCIENTIFIC INC. WARRANTY STATEMENT
The warranty period for this instrument is stated on your invoice and packing list. Please refer to these
to determine appropriate warranty dates.
We will repair the instrument during the warranty period provided it is returned to Valhalla Scientific,
Inc. freight prepaid. No other warranty is expressed or implied.
Valhalla Scientific, Inc. is not liable for consequential damages.
Permission and a Return Material Authorization number (RMA) must be obtained directly from the
factory for warranty repairs. No liability will be accepted if returned without such permission.
Due to continuing product refinement and due to possible parts manufacturer change, Valhalla
Scientific reserves the right to change any or all specifications without notice.
4314KV/KVS Digital Igniter Tester User Manual
Revision # 1 Edition 1 (2017)
Copyright © 2017 Valhalla Scientific, Inc. All rights reserved

WARNINGS
The following general safety precautions must be observed during all phases of operation, service, and
repair of this product. Failure to comply with these precautions or with specific warnings elsewhere
in this manual violates safety standards of design, manufacture, and intended use of the product.
Valhalla Scientific assumes no liability for the customer’s failure to comply with these requirements.
For continued protection, replace the line fuse(s) only with fuse(s) of the same voltage and current
rating and type. DO NOT use repaired fuses or short-circuited fuse holders.
Keep away from live circuits: Operating personnel must not remove equipment covers or shields.
Procedures involving the removal of covers or shields are for use service trained personnel only. Under
certain conditions, dangerous voltage may exist even with the equipment switched off. To avoid
dangerous electrical shock, DO NOT perform procedures involving cover or shield removal unless you
are qualified to do so.
DO NOT operate damaged equipment: Whenever it is possible that the safety protection features
built into this product have been impaired, either through physical damage, excessive moisture, or any
reason, REMOVE POWER and do not use the product until safe operation can be verified by service-
trained personnel. If necessary, return the product to Valhalla Scientific for service and repair to ensure
that safety features are maintained.
DO NOT substitute parts or modify equipment: Because of the danger of introducing additional
hazards, do not install substitute parts or perform any unauthorized modification to the product.
Return the product to Valhalla Scientific for service and repair to ensure that safety features are
maintained.
Permanent wiring of hazardous voltage or sources capable of delivering greater than 150VA should be
labeled, fused, or in some other way protected against accidental bridging or equipment failure.
DO NOT leave measurement terminals energized when not in use.

Table of Contents
Chapter 1 – General Information.................................................................................................................. 1
Instrument Description............................................................................................................................. 1
Safety Considerations ............................................................................................................................... 1
Instrument Identification.......................................................................................................................... 1
Chapter 2 – Unpacking and Installing ........................................................................................................... 2
Inspection.................................................................................................................................................. 2
Power Requirements ................................................................................................................................ 2
Installation ................................................................................................................................................ 2
Chapter 3 – Specifications............................................................................................................................. 3
Range/Resolution/Test Current/Failsafe Current..................................................................................... 3
Accuracy.................................................................................................................................................... 3
Temperature ............................................................................................................................................. 4
General Specifications............................................................................................................................... 4
Physical Specifications .............................................................................................................................. 4
Chapter 4 – Optional Equipment .................................................................................................................. 5
Available Options ...................................................................................................................................... 5
Option A2: Battery Charger.................................................................................................................. 5
Replacement Batteries.......................................................................................................................... 5
AC-115: Continuous Isolated AC Power............................................................................................... 5
Test Leads ................................................................................................................................................. 5
Option K-174: 4-Wire Kelvin Lead Set (RG174 coaxial cable) .............................................................. 5
Option K: 4-Wire Kelvin Lead Set ......................................................................................................... 5
Option MP-S: Single Probe Lead Set .................................................................................................... 5
Option MP-1: Kelvin Micro-Probes ...................................................................................................... 5
Option MP-2: Kelvin Mini-Probes ........................................................................................................ 6
Option MP-3: Kelvin Micro-Probes ...................................................................................................... 6
Option MP-4/MP-5: Surface Probes .................................................................................................... 6
Option KK: 4-Wire Kelvin Lead Set....................................................................................................... 6
Option C: Banana-to-Clip Cable ........................................................................................................... 6
Option BBL: Banana-to-Banana Cable.................................................................................................. 6
Option KCS: Kelvin Clips ....................................................................................................................... 6

Option JAWS: Heavy-Duty Clips ........................................................................................................... 6
Chapter 5 – Features and Operations........................................................................................................... 7
General...................................................................................................................................................... 7
Front Panel................................................................................................................................................ 7
ON/OFF Button ..................................................................................................................................... 7
Range Selection Knob ........................................................................................................................... 7
Fuse Holder ........................................................................................................................................... 7
Charging Jack......................................................................................................................................... 7
Fail Safe Button (model 4314KVS only) ................................................................................................ 7
Connections ............................................................................................................................................ 10
4-Wire Resistance Measurement ....................................................................................................... 10
Displays ................................................................................................................................................... 11
Ohms Display and Multiplier LEDs ...................................................................................................... 11
Interpreting the Display ...................................................................................................................... 11
Current Display and Multiplier LEDs (KVS models only) ..................................................................... 11
Fail-Safe Operation .................................................................................................................................12
Fail-Safe Test (model 4314KVS only) ..................................................................................................12
Low Battery Indicator.............................................................................................................................. 13
Standby Mode......................................................................................................................................... 13
Chapter 6 - Troubleshooting ....................................................................................................................... 14
Localizing the Problem............................................................................................................................ 14
Schematics and Parts List........................................................................................................................ 14
Component Replacement .......................................................................................................................14
Block Diagram .........................................................................................................................................15
Chapter 7 - Routine Maintenance............................................................................................................... 16
General....................................................................................................................................................16
Required Test Equipment ....................................................................................................................... 16
Precision Resistors: .............................................................................................................................16
Test Leads: ..........................................................................................................................................16
Voltage Standard: ...............................................................................................................................16
DMM: ..................................................................................................................................................16
Power Supply: .....................................................................................................................................16
Calibration Procedure .............................................................................................................................17

VOLTAGE SENSE ADJUSTMENTS .........................................................................................................17
RESISTANCE ADJUSTMENTS................................................................................................................18
FAILSAFE CHECK ..................................................................................................................................18
LOW BATTERY & POWER-UP CHECK ................................................................................................... 19
Checking the Calibration Results ............................................................................................................ 19
½ Scale and Linearity Check ................................................................................................................19
Zero Check...........................................................................................................................................19
Battery Replacement Instructions ..........................................................................................................19
Chapter 8 –Structural Features................................................................................................................... 20
Certifications...........................................................................................................................................20
Chapter 9 - Addendums ..............................................................................................................................21
Table of Figures
Figure 1 - Fail-Safe test button detail (KVS) .................................................................................................. 7
Figure 2 - 4314KV Front Panel ...................................................................................................................... 8
Figure 3 - 4314KVS Front Panel..................................................................................................................... 9
Figure 4 - Connection Detail .......................................................................................................................10
Figure 5 - Error Sources in Resistance Measurements ............................................................................... 10
Figure 6 - Block Diagram .............................................................................................................................15
Figure 7 – Fail-Safe shorting points............................................................................................................. 18
Figure 8 - Pelican 1200 Case ....................................................................................................................... 20
Figure 9 - Pressure Equalization Valve........................................................................................................ 20

1
Chapter 1 – General Information
Instrument Description
The Valhalla Scientific Model 4314KV/KVS Digital Igniter Tester is designed to provide extremely safe and
reliable resistance testing of explosive or volatile devices. Some of the proven uses include: fuses, squibs,
igniters, explosive bolts, automobile airbag initiators and many others.
Essentially, a Model 4314KV/KVS is a 4-wire ohmmeter which has been designed to use very low test
currents for its measurement. Additional circuitry proprietary to Valhalla Scientific is used to ensure that
test current levels do not exceed the specified "failsafe current" even in a worst-case component failure
situation. The failsafe feature is tested in every instrument before shipment and the results provided to
the customer on a Certificate of Calibration that accompanies the unit. In addition, to prove that this level
of safety is intact, the 4314KVS is equipped with a constant test current monitoring display and a unique
Fail-Safe test button that simulates a worst case component failure and displays the “real” fail-safe
current, all while the output is isolated from the current source.
The Valhalla Scientific 4314KV/KVS Igniter Tester contains the enhanced inner circuitry as its ultra-safe
4314 Series predecessors, with the addition of Constant Current monitoring, Fail Safe test on the KVS
model, and 7 ranges (2Ω to 2MΩ), all designed in a compact, rugged water resistant Pelican case for
protection in the harshest environments.
Measures Under all Conditions: The 4314KV/KVS are not only the safest resistance testers for explosive
devices, they are also, thanks to its case, impact resistant and water tight. The devices float in water, are
water proof when closed to a depth of 3 feet, and can be operated outside in direct rain.
They comes self-contained with a slim-line AC/DC Battery Charger and measurement test leads ready to
use.
Standard feature of the 4314KV/KVS is a battery monitoring circuit that alerts the user if the batteries
have become or will soon become unusable.
Safety Considerations
The 4314KV/KVS Digital Igniter Testers are a battery operated equipment, for an optimal function of the
Failsafe circuitry DO NOT connect the battery charger while the instrument is in an ON position. Always
disconnect the battery charger before operating the instrument.
Instrument Identification
Valhalla Scientific instruments are identified by a two part serial number. The Serial Tag is located on the
rear or bottom of the instrument. The number is in a form of 66-0000. The first two digits, called the serial
number prefix, indicate the model. It changes only when a change is made to the instrument. The last 4
digits, called the serial number suffix, are unique for each individual unit.
Be sure to include the entire serial number, both prefix and suffix, in any correspondence about your
instrument.
The serial number can also be found on the Main Board, Calibration Tag and Certificate of Calibration.

2
Chapter 2 – Unpacking and Installing
Inspection
If the shipping carton is damaged, request that the carrier's agent be present when the unit is unpacked.
If the instrument appears damaged, the carrier's agent should authorize repairs before the unit is returned
to the factory. Even if the instrument appears undamaged, it may have suffered internal damage in transit
that may not be evident until the unit is operated or tested to verify conformance with its specifications.
If the unit fails to operate or fails to meet the performance specifications of Chapter 3, notify the carrier's
agent and the nearest Valhalla Sales Office. Retain the shipping carton for the carrier's inspection. DO
NOT return equipment to Valhalla Scientific or any of its sales offices prior to obtaining authorization to
do so.
Power Requirements
The Model 4314KV/KVS is powered by an internal rechargeable heavy-duty Nickel–metal hydride (NiMH)
battery pack. The battery charge is maintained by an external AC/DC converter that plugs into a standard
receptacle. The AC adapter can accept an input voltage from 100 to 240 Vac (50-60Hz) and an output of
6VDC @ 1.25mA.
The 4314KV/KVS must be turned off and have the adapter connected in order to charge the batteries.
The battery pack may power the 4314KV/KVS for up to 10 hours before requiring a recharge.
Although the batteries are fully charged prior to shipment, it may be desirable to refresh the charge for
24 hours before use. As a rule of thumb, the 4314KV/KVS requires twice as much time to fully recharge
as the amount of discharge time. For example, if the instrument was used continuously for 2 hours, the
AC adapter must be connected for 4 hours in order to fully restore the charge.
Isolated AC version are available. Option AC115.
Installation
The Model 4314KV/KVS consumes little power and generates virtually no heat. Consequently, it may be
used in any area where the environment does not exceed the temperature specifications of Chapter 3.

3
Chapter 3 – Specifications
Range/Resolution/Test Current/Failsafe Current
Table 1
Range
Value
2Ω
20Ω
200Ω
2kΩ
20kΩ
200kΩ
2MΩ
Standby
Resolution
100μΩ
1mΩ
10mΩ
100mΩ
1Ω
10Ω
100Ω
-
Test
Current
5mA
5mA
500µA
50μA
5μA
500nA
50nA
0A
Fail-Safe
Current[1]
8mA
8mA
1.8mA
180μA
18μA
1.8μA
180nA
-
[1] Maximum value. Actual Failsafe Currents vary from instrument to instrument. The actual measured
level is provided on the certificate of calibration.
Accuracy
Table 2
Range
Accuracy
2Ω
±0.03% of reading ± 0.02% of range
20Ω
±0.03% of reading ± 0.02% of range
200Ω
±0.03% of reading ± 0.02% of range
2kΩ
±0.03% of reading ± 0.02% of range
20kΩ
±0.03% of reading ± 0.02% of range
200kΩ
±0.05% of reading ± 0.05% of range
2MΩ
±1% of reading ± 0.2% of range
Current Monitor Accuracy (KVS model)
2Ω - 20kΩ
20% of displayed value
200kΩ - 2MΩ
Nominal test current value displayed

4
Temperature
Temperature Coefficient: ±0.002% per °C (from 0°C-15°C and 35°C-50°C)
not applicable for 200kΩ range and above.
Operating Temperature Range: 0°C to 50°C
Storage Temperature Range: -10°C to 70°C
General Specifications
Display Type: 4 ½ digits Light Emitting Diodes (LED) (19999)
Current Display (KVS model): 3 digits Light Emitting Diodes (LED) (999)
Overload Indication: Screen displays “O.L.”
Conversion Rate: 3 readings per second
Terminal Configuration: 4-Wire Kelvin
Current Source Compliance Voltage: Clamped at 1.6V
Power: (4 “D” Cell) 1.2V rechargeable NiMH Batteries 10000mAh
Battery Charger: Provides 6VDC at 1.25A nominal
Physical Specifications
Width: 10.62” / 27cm
Depth: 9.68” / 24.6cm
Height: 4.87” / 12.4cm
Weight: 6 lbs / 2.7kg net; 7lbs / 3.2kg shipping [2]
[2] Shipping weight may vary.

5
Chapter 4 – Optional Equipment
Available Options
Listed below are the options available for use with the 4314KV/KVS Series Digital Igniter Testers.
Option A2: Battery Charger
Option "A2" is an AC/DC converter 115-240VAC line voltage to 6VDC at 1.25A with locking ring, sealed
IP68. One charger is provided as a standard accessory with every 4314KV/KVS.
Replacement Batteries
The rechargeable NiMH batteries installed in the 4314KVS should provide years of trouble-free operation.
Replacement, however, will eventually be necessary. The 4314KV/KVS uses four 1.2V cells installed in a
reusable battery box. When ordering replacement batteries, please specify Valhalla Stock #05-10117,
quantity four (4).
AC-115: Continuous Isolated AC Power
Option "AC-115" allows the 4314KV/KVS to be used while plugged to the power source. Internally the
source is isolated from the circuits. When this option is installed, the 4314KV/KVS is no longer battery
powered. (100-240Vac 50-60Hz)
Test Leads
Option K-174: 4-Wire Kelvin Lead Set (RG174 coaxial cable)
Option "K-174" comes standard with each 4314KV/KVS. Option K-174 is a shielded 48" lead set
terminating in ½ inch gold plated clips. The lead set uses RG174 coaxial cable to better fit within the
enclosure.
Option K: 4-Wire Kelvin Lead Set
Option "K" is the recommended general purpose lead set for all Valhalla Ohmmeters. Option K is a
shielded 48" lead set terminating in ½ inch gold plated clips.
Option MP-S: Single Probe Lead Set
Option "MP-S" is a 4-wire lead set terminated in single points. The 4-wire configuration is maintained up
to the point of the probe, eliminating most cable resistance effects. Option MP-S may be used where a
single probe tip is a must.
Option MP-1: Kelvin Micro-Probes
Option "MP-1" is a 48" shielded lead set (dual banana), handheld pencil type, terminated in spring loaded
steel tips with .05" separation (1 amp max.). Special orders or modified versions available upon request.

6
Option MP-2: Kelvin Mini-Probes
Option "MP- 2" is a 48"shielded lead set, handheld pencil type, terminated in spring loaded steel tips with
0.18" separation. (1 Amp max.)
Option MP-3: Kelvin Micro-Probes
Option "MP-3" is a 48" shielded lead set (dual banana), handheld pencil type, terminated in spring loaded
steel tips with .08" separation (1 amp max.). Special orders or modified versions available upon request.
Option MP-4/MP-5: Surface Probes
These probes permit rapid, repeatable bonding testing on a variety of screened or flat surfaces. Test
current is evenly distributed through the probe base while sensing is accomplished via a spring loaded
center contact. The "MP-4" target area is 1" in diameter. The "MP-5" target area is .4" in diameter.
Option KK: 4-Wire Kelvin Lead Set
Option "KK" is a 48" heavy duty cable set terminated in large "jaws" that have an open span of 2".
Option C: Banana-to-Clip Cable
Option "C" is a 48" shielded cable terminated in dual alligator clips
Option BBL: Banana-to-Banana Cable
Option "BBL" is a 48" shielded cable terminated in dual banana plugs at both ends.
Option KCS: Kelvin Clips
Option "KCS" is the gold plated Kelvin clips used on the Option "K" cable. These clips may be used when
making custom cables or when repairing Option "K".
Option JAWS: Heavy-Duty Clips
2" opening for use on large bushings, transformers and motors. The upper/lower jaw teeth (gold plated)
provide true 4-wire measurement. Can accommodate up to 150 amps.

7
Chapter 5 – Features and Operations
General
This section of the manual contains complete operating instructions for the Model 4314KV/KVS Digital
Igniter Testers. A description of the front panel controls, connection instructions, and the theory behind
4-wire resistance measurement is discussed in this section.
Front Panel
ON/OFF Button
When the front panel power switch is placed in the OFF/CHARGE position, all power is removed from the
output terminals, and the battery pack is connected to the charging circuit. When the switch is placed in
the ON position, the battery pack is disconnected from the charging circuit. The possibility of a common
mode voltage between the device under test and AC Power ground is therefore eliminated.
Range Selection Knob
The 4314KV/KVS measurement ranges are selected by turning the range knob to the desired position.
Move knob clockwise to increase the range and counterclockwise to reduce the range. Range knob is also
used to place the tester in Stand By mode.
Fuse Holder
The fuse holder is mounted on the front panel and contains a 2 amp in-line fuse. This fuse is designed to
protect the battery pack from excessive charging currents. For continued protection, replace the line fuse
only with fuse of the same voltage and current rating and type. DO NOT use repaired fuses or short-
circuited fuse holders.
Charging Jack
The battery charging jack is a barrel type and is located on the 4314KV/KVS front panel. The center pin of
the connector is positive. The charging requirements of the internal battery pack are 6VDC @ 1.25A. The
correct charging voltage is supplied by the adapter included with the instrument. Additional adapters are
available as Option "A2". Charger is equipped with a locking ring, and is sealed IP68.
Fail Safe Button (model 4314KVS only)
When pressed, the Fail-Safe test button simulates a worst case component failure and displays the “real”
fail-safe current. During the test, the current source is isolated from the binding-post. The ohms
measurement window will display FSt, to indicate that the unit is in fail-safe test mode.
Figure 1 - Fail-Safe test button detail (KVS)

8
Figure 2 - 4314KV Front Panel

9
Figure 3 - 4314KVS Front Panel

10
Connections
Connections are made to the front panel terminals using a 4-wire
configuration as described in 4-Wire Resistance Measurement. When
using Valhalla test leads, the tabbed side of the banana jack is plugged into
the current terminals. This ensures that the current is carried in the largest
conductor and that the voltage input is shielded.
VHI ☼☼IHI ←Tab
VLO ☼☼ILO ←Tab
4-Wire Resistance Measurement
The four-terminal configuration of the 4314KV/KVS eliminates errors
normally caused by test lead and contact resistances. In many applications
the contact resistance can exceed the value of the load by several orders
of magnitude. The 4314KV/KVS bypasses this potential error source by
providing two terminals of constant current and an additional two
terminals for high impedance voltage measurement. The result is a fast,
accurate resistance measurement of the load, independent of the
resistance of the current carrying leads.
Figure 5 - Error Sources in Resistance Measurements
Figure 5 illustrates how the 4-wire principle is used to eliminate lead, wire and contact resistances as
potential error sources. The internal current source inherently overcomes all series resistance (within
compliance voltage limits) and delivers a precise constant current.
The internal high-impedance DVM senses the voltage drop across the load. There is negligible contact and
lead resistance error created by the voltage measurement because the high input impedance of the DVM
limits current flow in the voltage leads.
Figure 4 - Connection Detail

11
Displays
Ohms Display and Multiplier LEDs
Under normal operations, the Ohms display will indicate the value of the resistance being measured. The
3 LEDs next to the display window, will indicate whether the value displayed is in Ohms, kOhms or MOhms.
(ohms, kilo-ohms or mega-ohms).
On KVS models, the ohms display will read FSt during Fail-Safe test mode.
Interpreting the Display
All Valhalla ohmmeters and igniter testers use a high impedance voltmeter as part of the resistance
measurement process. This voltmeter is a highly accurate and stable 24 bit analog-to-digital converter
(ADC). Unless it is receiving a definite input signal, the output reading of this ADC is ambiguous. The display
may indicate a randomly wandering number or it may indicate an over-range condition. This unpredictable
display may make it seem to appear that the instrument is experiencing some sort of malfunction. It is, in
fact, just a characteristic of the voltmeter circuit and should not be mistaken for a fault in the instrument.
The display indications should be ignored unless there is a definite measurement being taken. If this
wandering display is not acceptable, the ohmmeter can be made to indicate zero whenever the sense
terminals are shorted.
The display should indicate a stable reading when the test leads are securely attached to the device under
test. If the display appears to be erroneous when connected to a load, recheck the test leads for integrity
and cleanliness. If all external items appear to be functioning properly, the problem may be the
ohmmeter. In this case, please contact your local Valhalla Scientific Sales Office.
Current Display and Multiplier LEDs (KVS models only)
Under normal operations, the Current display will indicate the value of the source current being used by
the tester. The 3 LEDs next to the display window, will indicate whether the value displayed is in mAmps,
µAmps or nAmps. (milli-Amps, micro-Amps or nano-Amps). The display will indicate the measured value
of the current on ranges 2Ω to 20kΩ and the nominal value of the current. The display indications should
be ignored unless there is a definite measurement being taken.
When a Fail-Safe test is initiated by the user by pressing the Fail-Safe Test button, the Current display will
indicate the true (measured) Fail-Safe value for the range selected.
During Fail-Safe test mode, the Current display will indicate the value of the fail-safe current being
measured.

12
Fail-Safe Operation
The 4314KV/KVS incorporate a proprietary current source design that renders them incapable of
delivering excessive voltage or current to the device under test. Maximum Fail-Safe Current values are list
in Table 3.
Range
Fail-Safe Current[3]
2Ω
8mA
20Ω
8mA
200Ω
1.8mA
2kΩ
180µA
20kΩ
18µA
200kΩ
1.8µA
2MΩ
180nA
Table 3 - Fail-Safe Current Values per Range
Every 4314KV/KVS Igniter Testers are thoroughly tested before the leaves the factory. These tests include
a failsafe test that simulates a "worst case" failure condition. The resulting output current is recorded and
provided on the Certificate of Calibration included with every unit.
Fail-Safe Test (model 4314KVS only)
The 4314KVS is equipped with a Fail-Safe test feature that allows for real time verification of the fail-safe
current. When the Fail-Safe test button is pressed, the unit disconnects the source terminals from the
internal circuitry, simulates a worst case scenario failure, and measures the source current. The value
measured is displayed on the Current window. If the Fail-Safe current measured ever exceeds the max
values listed in Table 3, do not use the device and contact your local Valhalla Scientific Sales or Tech
Support Office.

13
Low Battery Indicator
A standard feature of 4314KV/KVS is a circuit that monitors the output voltage of the internal battery
supply. The Battery Status LED for this feature is located to the far left of the display window.
•Non lit LED indicates that the batteries are charged and the device can be used.
•A flashing Low Battery LED, indicates that the batteries will require recharging within the next ½
hours of continuous use. Readings are still within specified accuracies at this point.
•A Red Low Battery LED indicates that battery is low and that readings should not be trusted. An
overnight recharge should be performed before using the device for critical testing.
NOTE: It is possible for the user to receive a low battery indication on a single range only (particularly the
2Ω and 20Ω range), while the 4314 remains well within operating limits on other ranges. Unless the user
observes a continuous low battery indication during measurement, readings are still valid.
Standby Mode
Standby Mode is a safety range that allows the user to make connections to a load while there is no
source current applied. The Standby range is purposely positioned as the 8th range of the 4314KV/KVS,
so that they adjacent range has the lowest test current.
When in Standby mode, the 4314KV Ohms display will read StdbY. 4314KVS Ohms and Current display
will read StAnd bY.