Varian 450-GC User manual

Varian BVVarian BV
Herculesweg 8Herculesweg 8
4330 EA Middelburg4330 EA Middelburg
The NetherlandsThe Netherlands
450-GC450-GC
User ManualUser Manual
North/South AmericaNorth/South America
2700 Mitchell Drive2700 Mitchell Drive
Walnut CreekWalnut Creek
94598 California, USA94598 California, USA
Tel: ++(1)9259392400Tel: ++(1)9259392400
Fax: ++(1)9259452360 orFax: ++(1)9259452360 or
++(1)9259452344++(1)9259452344
EuropeEurope
P.O. Box 8033P.O. Box 8033
4330 EA Middelburg4330 EA Middelburg
The NetherlandsThe Netherlands
Tel: ++(31)118671000Tel: ++(31)118671000
Fax: ++(31)118623193Fax: ++(31)118623193
Australia/East AsiaAustralia/East Asia
679 Springvale Road679 Springvale Road
Mulgrave, Victoria 3171Mulgrave, Victoria 3171
AustraliaAustralia
Tel: ++(61)395607133Tel: ++(61)395607133
Fax: ++(61)395607950Fax: ++(61)395607950
© ©
2008 2008
Varian, Varian,
Inc. Inc.
All All
Rights Rights
Reserved Reserved
Produced Produced
in in
the the
Netherlands Netherlands
CP501411 CP501411
Rev:1.1 Rev:1.1
March March
20082008

WarrantyWarranty
Page:II Page:II
User User
Manual Manual
450-GC 450-GC
Varian, Varian,
Inc.Inc.
Read Before OperatingRead Before Operating
Important SafeguardsImportant Safeguards
The following items are frequently not recognized or are overlooked by new users while learningThe following items are frequently not recognized or are overlooked by new users while learning
to operate a Gas Chromatograph.to operate a Gas Chromatograph.
They are brought to your attention to safeguard against damage to your equipment.They are brought to your attention to safeguard against damage to your equipment.
1. 1.
Carrier gas Carrier gas
must be must be
flowing through the flowing through the
column before column before
heating the heating the
columncolumn
oven. Carefully evaluate columns that have been heated with no carrier gasoven. Carefully evaluate columns that have been heated with no carrier gas
flowing through and discard, if damaged. Ensure the Injector contains a septumflowing through and discard, if damaged. Ensure the Injector contains a septum
and there is a positive and there is a positive
flow of carrier flow of carrier
gas before heating the column.gas before heating the column.
2. 2.
Become faBecome fa
miliar with thmiliar with th
e location e location
and idand id
entity of Injeentity of Inje
ctor and dector and de
tector optiotector optio
nsns
prior to making settings at the prior to making settings at the
GC keyboard and pneumatics paneGC keyboard and pneumatics pane
l. Forl. For
example, determinexample, determin
e the physical location of the e the physical location of the
Injector you want to use Injector you want to use
(front,(front,
middle, or rear) and identify the specific middle, or rear) and identify the specific
pneumatic controls associapneumatic controls associa
ted with itted with it
(Electronic Flow Control). Similarly, determine the physical location of the(Electronic Flow Control). Similarly, determine the physical location of the
detector you want to use and identify tdetector you want to use and identify t
he specific pneumatic controls for thishe specific pneumatic controls for this
detector.detector.
3. 3.
Heating Heating
an ECD an ECD
to elevateto elevate
d temped tempe
ratures withoratures witho
ut carrier ut carrier
or makeor make
-up gas-up gas
flowing through it can damage the ECD cell. flowing through it can damage the ECD cell.
This can happen inadvertentlyThis can happen inadvertently
especially when the ECD is not in especially when the ECD is not in
use. For this use. For this
reason, it is recommended thatreason, it is recommended that
a low flow of a low flow of
carrier or make-up gas be maintained through an ECD at carrier or make-up gas be maintained through an ECD at
all times.all times.
4.4.
If your system has If your system has
a TCD, gas must a TCD, gas must
be flowing through both channels to protectbe flowing through both channels to protect
the filaments. Turn power to filaments off when not the filaments. Turn power to filaments off when not
in use.in use.
Important Tips Regarding 450-GC OperationImportant Tips Regarding 450-GC Operation
••
If a If a
potentially potentially
hazardous hazardous
Error is Error is
detected, detected,
such such
as a as a
thermal thermal
runaway, runaway,
thethe
450-GC shuts down the affected component and reports the450-GC shuts down the affected component and reports the
ErrorError
on page 84on page 84
..
After correcting the EAfter correcting the E
rror, normal operror, normal ope
ration is restoreration is restore
d by powering d by powering
the 450-GCthe 450-GC
OFF then ON.OFF then ON.
••
 Using Using
cryogenic column oven coolingcryogenic column oven cooling
,,
on page 73on page 73
ll
eave always the Injectror(s)eave always the Injectror(s)
/ Detector(s) heating ON (enable) and at a / Detector(s) heating ON (enable) and at a
temperature of at least 100 °C.temperature of at least 100 °C.

 Warranty Warranty
Varian, Varian,
Inc. Inc.
User User
Manual Manual
450-GC 450-GC
Page: Page:
IIIIII
VV
ARIAN ANALYTICAL INSTRUMEARIAN ANALYTICAL INSTRUME
NT WARRANTYNT WARRANTY
For Instrument Warranty in German, French, Italian or Spanish please refer to For Instrument Warranty in German, French, Italian or Spanish please refer to
the 430-GC,the 430-GC,
431-GC and 450-GC User Manual CD-rom (CP501414) which is included with the GC.431-GC and 450-GC User Manual CD-rom (CP501414) which is included with the GC.
HARDWARE PRODUCTSHARDWARE PRODUCTS
All analytical instrAll analytical instr
uments sold by Varuments sold by Var
ian are warranted ian are warranted
to be free from dto be free from d
efects in materiaefects in materia
l and workmanship fol and workmanship fo
r the periods sr the periods s
pecified andpecified and
in accordance with the terms in accordance with the terms
on the face of on the face of
Varian's quotation or as otherwise agreed upon in Varian's quotation or as otherwise agreed upon in
writing between Varian and the Customer.writing between Varian and the Customer.
The warranty period begins on the The warranty period begins on the
date ofdate of
shipmentshipment
from Varian to the original Customer. However, where installation is paid for by thefrom Varian to the original Customer. However, where installation is paid for by the
Customer or included in the Customer or included in the
purchase price, the warranty period begins upon completion of installation. If the Customer schedulespurchase price, the warranty period begins upon completion of installation. If the Customer schedules
installation to start later than 30 installation to start later than 30
days after delivery or if such days after delivery or if such
delay is caused through the Customer's inability to provide adequatedelay is caused through the Customer's inability to provide adequate
facilities or utilities or through failure to facilities or utilities or through failure to
comply with Varian's reasonable pre-installation instrucomply with Varian's reasonable pre-installation instru
ctions or through other omissions byctions or through other omissions by
Customer, then the warranty period starts on the Customer, then the warranty period starts on the
31st day from date of 31st day from date of
shipment. Moreover Varian will charge the Cshipment. Moreover Varian will charge the C
ustomer for labor andustomer for labor and
other expenses involved in making multiple or follow-up installation service calls.other expenses involved in making multiple or follow-up installation service calls.
SOFTWARE PRODUCTSSOFTWARE PRODUCTS
Where software is provided within the frame Where software is provided within the frame
of a license agreement concluded between the Customer and of a license agreement concluded between the Customer and
Varian, any warranty shall beVarian, any warranty shall be
strictly in accordance with the terms of strictly in accordance with the terms of
such agreement.such agreement.
In the absence of a In the absence of a
license agreement and unless an alternate warranty period is agreed upon in license agreement and unless an alternate warranty period is agreed upon in
writing between Varian and thewriting between Varian and the
Customer, the warranty period is as Customer, the warranty period is as
specified on the face of Varian's specified on the face of Varian's
quotation. Varian warrants such software products, if used with andquotation. Varian warrants such software products, if used with and
properly installed on Varian hardware or other hardware as properly installed on Varian hardware or other hardware as
specified by Varian to perform as specified by Varian to perform as
described in the accompanying Operator'sdescribed in the accompanying Operator's
Manual and to be Manual and to be
substantially free of those defects which cause failure to execute respective programming instructions; however, Variansubstantially free of those defects which cause failure to execute respective programming instructions; however, Varian
does not does not
warrant uninterrupted or error-free operation.warrant uninterrupted or error-free operation.
REMEDIESREMEDIES
The sole and exclusive remedy under hardware warranty shall beThe sole and exclusive remedy under hardware warranty shall be
repairrepair
of of
instrument malfunctions which in Varian's opinion are due orinstrument malfunctions which in Varian's opinion are due or
traceable to defects in original materials or traceable to defects in original materials or
workmanship or, at Varian's option,workmanship or, at Varian's option,
replacementreplacement
of the of the
respective defectivrespective defectiv
e parts, providede parts, provided
that Varian may as an alternative elect tothat Varian may as an alternative elect to
refundrefund
an equitable portion of an equitable portion of
the purchase price of the instrument or accessory.the purchase price of the instrument or accessory.
Repair or replacement under warranty does not extend the Repair or replacement under warranty does not extend the
original warranty period.original warranty period.
Repair or replacement under warranty claims shall be Repair or replacement under warranty claims shall be
made in Varian's sole discretion either by made in Varian's sole discretion either by
sending a Customer Supportsending a Customer Support
Representative to the site or by Representative to the site or by
authorizing the Customer to return the defective accessory or instrument to Varian authorizing the Customer to return the defective accessory or instrument to Varian
or to send it or to send it
to ato a
designated service facility. The Customer shall be responsible for loss or designated service facility. The Customer shall be responsible for loss or
damage in transit and shall prepay shipping cost. Vdamage in transit and shall prepay shipping cost. V
arian willarian will
return the accessory or instrument to the return the accessory or instrument to the
Customer prepaid and insured. Claims for loss Customer prepaid and insured. Claims for loss
or damage in transit shall be or damage in transit shall be
filed by thefiled by the
Customer. To correct software operation anomalies, Varian will issue software revisions where such Customer. To correct software operation anomalies, Varian will issue software revisions where such
revisions exist and where, inrevisions exist and where, in
Varian's opinion, this is the Varian's opinion, this is the
most efficient remedy.most efficient remedy.
LIMITATION OF WARRANTYLIMITATION OF WARRANTY
ThisThis
warranty does not coverwarranty does not cover
software supplied by the Customer, software supplied by the Customer,
equipment and software warranted by another manufacturer orequipment and software warranted by another manufacturer or
replacement of expendable items and those of limited life, such as but not limited to: replacement of expendable items and those of limited life, such as but not limited to:
Filters, glassware, instrument statuFilters, glassware, instrument statu
s lamps, sources lamps, source
lamps, septa, columns, fuses, chart paper and ink, lamps, septa, columns, fuses, chart paper and ink,
nebulizers, flow cells, pistons, seals, fittings, valves, burners, sample tubes, probenebulizers, flow cells, pistons, seals, fittings, valves, burners, sample tubes, probe
inserts, print heads, glass lined tubing, pipe and tube inserts, print heads, glass lined tubing, pipe and tube
fittings, variable temperature dewars, transfer lines, flexible discs, magnetic tapefittings, variable temperature dewars, transfer lines, flexible discs, magnetic tape
cassettes, electron multipliers, filamencassettes, electron multipliers, filamen
ts, vacuum gaskets, seats and all ts, vacuum gaskets, seats and all
parts exposed to samples and mobile phases.parts exposed to samples and mobile phases.
ThisThis
warranty shall be voidwarranty shall be void
in the in the
event of accident, abuse, alteration, misuse, neglect, breakage, improper operation or maintenance,event of accident, abuse, alteration, misuse, neglect, breakage, improper operation or maintenance,
unauthorized or improper modifications or tampering, use in an unsuitable physical environment, use with a unauthorized or improper modifications or tampering, use in an unsuitable physical environment, use with a
marginal power supply or usemarginal power supply or use
with other inadequate facilities or utilities. Reasonable care must be with other inadequate facilities or utilities. Reasonable care must be
used to avoid hazards.used to avoid hazards.
This warranty is expressly in lieu of This warranty is expressly in lieu of
and excludes all other express or implied warranties, including but not limited to wand excludes all other express or implied warranties, including but not limited to w
arrantiesarranties
of merchantability and of fitness for particular purpose, use or application and all other obligations or liabilities on the part ofof merchantability and of fitness for particular purpose, use or application and all other obligations or liabilities on the part of
Varian, unless such other warranties, obligations or liabilities are expressly agreed to in writing by Varian.Varian, unless such other warranties, obligations or liabilities are expressly agreed to in writing by Varian.
LIMITATION OF REMEDIES AND LIABILITYLIMITATION OF REMEDIES AND LIABILITY
The remedies provided herein are the sole and exclusive remedies of the Customer. In The remedies provided herein are the sole and exclusive remedies of the Customer. In
no case will Varian be no case will Varian be
liable forliable for
incidental or consequential damages, loss of use, incidental or consequential damages, loss of use,
loss of production or loss of production or
any other loss incurred.any other loss incurred.

Safety InformationSafety Information
Page: Page:
IV IV
User User
Manual Manual
450-GC 450-GC
Varian, Varian,
Inc.Inc.
SAFETY INSAFETY IN
FORMAFORMA
TIONTION
For Safety Information in German, French, Italian or Spanish please refer to For Safety Information in German, French, Italian or Spanish please refer to
the 430-GC,the 430-GC,
431-GC and 450-GC User Manual CD-rom (CP501414) which is included with the GC.431-GC and 450-GC User Manual CD-rom (CP501414) which is included with the GC.
INFORMATIONINFORMATION
To prevent any injury to the user or any damage to the instrument it is essential that youTo prevent any injury to the user or any damage to the instrument it is essential that you
read the information in this chapter and the GC user manual.read the information in this chapter and the GC user manual.
If this manual is not in your native language and if you have problems understanding theIf this manual is not in your native language and if you have problems understanding the
text, we advise you to contact your Varian office for assistance. Varian cannot accepttext, we advise you to contact your Varian office for assistance. Varian cannot accept
responsibility for any damage or injury caused by misunderstanding of the information inresponsibility for any damage or injury caused by misunderstanding of the information in
this manual.this manual.
OPERATING INSTRUCTIONSOPERATING INSTRUCTIONS
This user manual is provided to help you This user manual is provided to help you
establish operating condestablish operating cond
itions, which willitions, which will
permit safe and efficient use of your permit safe and efficient use of your
equipmeequipme
nt.nt.
Special considerations and precautions are described in the manual, which appear inSpecial considerations and precautions are described in the manual, which appear in
the form ofthe form of
NOTESNOTES
,,
CAUTIONSCAUTIONS
andand
WARNINGSWARNINGS
as described on the next page.as described on the next page.
It is It is
important that you operate your equipment in accordance with this user manual andimportant that you operate your equipment in accordance with this user manual and
any additional information, which may be provided by any additional information, which may be provided by
Varian. Address any questionsVarian. Address any questions
regarding the safe and proper use of your equipment to your regarding the safe and proper use of your equipment to your
local Varian office.local Varian office.

Safety Safety
informationinformation
Varian, Varian,
Inc. Inc.
User User
Manual Manual
450-GC 450-GC
Page: Page:
VV
Information to aid you inInformation to aid you in
obtaining optimalobtaining optimal
performance from yourperformance from your
instrument.instrument.
Alerts you to situaAlerts you to situa
tions thattions that
may cause moderate injurymay cause moderate injury
and/or equipment damageand/or equipment damage
and how to avoid theseand how to avoid these
situations.situations.
Alerts you to poAlerts you to po
tentiallytentially
hazardouhazardou
s s
situations thatsituations that
could result in serious injurycould result in serious injury
and how to avoid theseand how to avoid these
situations.situations.
Warning Warning
Symbol Symbol
Warning Warning
DescriptionDescription
Hazardous voltages are present inside instrument.Hazardous voltages are present inside instrument.
Disconnect from main power before Disconnect from main power before
removing screw-removing screw-
attached panels.attached panels.
Hazardous chemicals may be present. Avoid Hazardous chemicals may be present. Avoid
contact,contact,
especially when replenishing reservoirs. Use proper eyeespecially when replenishing reservoirs. Use proper eye
and skin protection.and skin protection.
Very hot or cryogenically cold surfaces may Very hot or cryogenically cold surfaces may
be exposed.be exposed.
Use proper skin Use proper skin
protection.protection.
Eye damage could occur either from flying particles,Eye damage could occur either from flying particles,
chemicals, or UV radiation. Use proper eye and facechemicals, or UV radiation. Use proper eye and face
protection.protection.
The potential for fire may be The potential for fire may be
present. Follow manualpresent. Follow manual
instructions for safe instructions for safe
operation.operation.
The potential for explosion may exist because of type ofThe potential for explosion may exist because of type of
gas or liquid used.gas or liquid used.
Ionizing radiation source is present. Follow manualIonizing radiation source is present. Follow manual
instructions for safe instructions for safe
operation.operation.
Keep hands and fingers away.Keep hands and fingers away.

Safety InformationSafety Information
Page: Page:
VI VI
User User
Manual Manual
450-GC 450-GC
Varian, Varian,
Inc.Inc.
GENERAL SAFETY PRECAUTIONSGENERAL SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
Follow these safety practices Follow these safety practices
to ensure safe to ensure safe
equipmenequipmen
t operation.t operation.
••
Perform periodic leak checks Perform periodic leak checks
on all supply on all supply
lines and pneumatic plumbing.lines and pneumatic plumbing.
••
Do not allow gas lines Do not allow gas lines
to become kinked or punctured. Place lines awayto become kinked or punctured. Place lines away
from foot traffic from foot traffic
and extreme heat or cold.and extreme heat or cold.
••
Store organic solvents in fireproof, vented and clearly labeled cabinets soStore organic solvents in fireproof, vented and clearly labeled cabinets so
they are easily identified as toxic they are easily identified as toxic
and/or flammable materiaand/or flammable materia
ls.ls.
••
Do not accumulate waste solvents. Dispose of such materials through aDo not accumulate waste solvents. Dispose of such materials through a
regulated disposal program and not through municipal sewage lines.regulated disposal program and not through municipal sewage lines.
This instThis inst
rument has been tested per applicable requiremerument has been tested per applicable requireme
nts nts
ofof
EMEM
C Directive as requirC Directive as requir
ed to carry ed to carry
the European Union CE Mathe European Union CE Ma
rk.rk.
This instrument is designed for chromatographic anaThis instrument is designed for chromatographic ana
lysis olysis o
ff
appropriately prepared samples. It must be operated usingappropriately prepared samples. It must be operated using
appropriate gaappropriate ga
ses and/or solvents and wises and/or solvents and wi
thin thin
specified maximumspecified maximum
rangerange
s fos fo
r pressure, flows r pressure, flows
and tempeand tempe
ratures as described in thiratures as described in thi
ss
manuamanua
l. If the equipment is l. If the equipment is
used in used in
a mannea manne
r not r not
specified by specified by
thethe
manufamanufa
cturer, the protection cturer, the protection
provided by provided by
the equipment may bethe equipment may be
impaired.impaired.
It is the responsibilitIt is the responsibilit
y of thy of th
e Ce C
ustomer to infustomer to inf
orm Variaorm Varia
n Customern Customer
Support RepreSupport Repre
sentasenta
tives if tives if
the instrumthe instrum
ent has beeent has bee
n used fn used f
or theor the
anaana
lysis lysis
of hazaof haza
rdous birdous bi
ological, radioactive, or toxic ological, radioactive, or toxic
samples,samples,
prior tprior t
o any instro any instr
ument service being performeument service being performe
d or wd or w
hen anhen an
instrument iinstrument i
s being rs being r
eturned to the Service Ceeturned to the Service Ce
nter for nter for
reparepa
ir.ir.

Safety Safety
informationinformation
Varian, Varian,
Inc. Inc.
User User
Manual Manual
450-GC 450-GC
Page: Page:
VIIVII
ELECTRICAL HAZARDSELECTRICAL HAZARDS
••
Disconnect Disconnect
the the
instrument instrument
from from
all all
power power
sources sources
before before
removing removing
protectiveprotective
panels to avoid exposure to panels to avoid exposure to
potentially dangeroupotentially dangerou
s voltages.s voltages.
••
When When
it is it is
necessary necessary
to use to use
a nona non
-original -original
power power
cord plcord pl
ug, maug, ma
ke sure ke sure
thethe
replacemenreplacemen
t cord adheres to the t cord adheres to the
color coding and polarity described in the pre-color coding and polarity described in the pre-
installation manual (P/N: CP01410) all local installation manual (P/N: CP01410) all local
building safety codes.building safety codes.
••
Replace Replace
blown blown
fuses with fuses with
fuses of fuses of
the sithe si
ze anze an
d rating d rating
stipulated stipulated
on thon th
e fuse e fuse
panelpanel
or in theor in the
manualmanual
on page 44on page 44
..
••
Make suMake su
re that re that
voltage voltage
sources sources
and and
line voline vo
ltage mltage m
atch the atch the
value fvalue f
or which or which
thethe
instrument is wired.instrument is wired.
••
Replace Replace
faulty ofaulty o
r frayed r frayed
power power
cords icords i
mmediately mmediately
with the with the
same same
type atype a
nd ratinnd ratin
g.g.
COMPRESSED GAS CYLINDERSCOMPRESSED GAS CYLINDERS
••
Store aStore a
nd hnd h
andle andle
compressed compressed
gases gases
carefully carefully
and and
in strict in strict
adherence adherence
toto
safety codes.safety codes.
••
Secure Secure
cylinders cylinders
to to
an an
immovable immovable
structure structure
or or
wall.wall.
••
Store aStore a
nd nd
move move
cylinders cylinders
in in
an uan u
pright, pright,
vertical vertical
position. position.
Before Before
transport,transport,
remove regulators and install cylinder remove regulators and install cylinder
cap.cap.
••
Store cStore c
ylinders ylinders
in a in a
well-ventilated well-ventilated
area area
away away
from hfrom h
eat, eat,
direct direct
sunshine,sunshine,
freezing temperatures and ignition sources.freezing temperatures and ignition sources.
••
Mark cylinMark cylin
ders ders
clearly clearly
so thso th
ere is ere is
no no
doubt doubt
as to as to
their their
contents.contents.
••
Use Use
only only
approved approved
regulators regulators
and and
connectionconnection
s.s.
••
Use onUse on
ly coly co
nnector nnector
tubing tubing
that is that is
chromatograpchromatograp
hically hically
clean clean
(Varian (Varian
Part NuPart Nu
mbermber
03-9183203-91832
6-00) and has 6-00) and has
a pressure rating a pressure rating
significantly greater than the highestsignificantly greater than the highest
outlet pressure from the regulator.outlet pressure from the regulator.

Safety InformationSafety Information
Page: Page:
VIII VIII
User User
Manual Manual
450-GC 450-GC
Varian, Varian,
Inc.Inc.
GC SAFETY PRACTICESGC SAFETY PRACTICES
Exhaust SystemExhaust System
No special exhaust ducting is necessary for GC No special exhaust ducting is necessary for GC
detectors installed in a well-ventilated roomdetectors installed in a well-ventilated room
except when the detectors are used to test except when the detectors are used to test
hazardous chemicalhazardous chemical
s. If s. If
you do install ducting:you do install ducting:
••
Use Use
only only
fireproof fireproof
ducting.ducting.
••
Install Install
a a
blower blower
at at
the the
duct duct
outlet.outlet.
••
Secure Secure
air duair du
ct intakect intake
s such s such
that thethat the
ir vibration ir vibration
or air or air
movement movement
does ndoes n
ot effectot effect
detector operation.detector operation.
••
Check Check
periodically periodically
for for
proper proper
operation operation
of of
the the
duct.duct.
••
Ensure proper ventilation in lab area.Ensure proper ventilation in lab area.
Radioactive Source DetectorsRadioactive Source Detectors
Read carefully and comply with all NOTES, CAUTIONS and WARNINGS in Read carefully and comply with all NOTES, CAUTIONS and WARNINGS in
the Nithe Ni
6363
ECDECD
sectionsection
on page 329on page 329
of this manual.of this manual.
Perform the tests for Perform the tests for
removable radioaremovable radioa
ctive contamination described in the Nictive contamination described in the Ni
6363
ECDECD
radiation manual (P/N: 03-913999-00). Comply with leak test radiation manual (P/N: 03-913999-00). Comply with leak test
schedules and procedures.schedules and procedures.
Burn HazardBurn Hazard
Heated or cryogenically cooled zones of the GC can remain hot Heated or cryogenically cooled zones of the GC can remain hot
or cold for or cold for
a considerablea considerable
time after instrument power is turned off. time after instrument power is turned off.
To prevent painful burns, ensure that all heated orTo prevent painful burns, ensure that all heated or
cooled areas have returned to room temperature or wear adequate hand protection beforecooled areas have returned to room temperature or wear adequate hand protection before
you touch potentially hot or cold surfaces.you touch potentially hot or cold surfaces.

Safety Safety
informationinformation
Varian, Varian,
Inc. Inc.
User User
Manual Manual
450-GC 450-GC
Page: Page:
IXIX
SPARE PARTS SPARE PARTS
AVAILABILITYAVAILABILITY
It is the policy of Varian to provide operational spare parts for any instrument andIt is the policy of Varian to provide operational spare parts for any instrument and
major accessory for a period of five major accessory for a period of five
(5) years after shipment of the final production(5) years after shipment of the final production
run of that instrument. Spare parts will be available after this five (5) year periodrun of that instrument. Spare parts will be available after this five (5) year period
but on anbut on an
as availableas available
basis. Operational spare parts are defined as thosebasis. Operational spare parts are defined as those
individual electrical or mechanical parts that are susceptible to failure during theirindividual electrical or mechanical parts that are susceptible to failure during their
normal operation. Examples include relays, lamps, temperature probes, detectornormal operation. Examples include relays, lamps, temperature probes, detector
elements, motors, etc. Sheet metal parts, structural members or assemblies andelements, motors, etc. Sheet metal parts, structural members or assemblies and
castings, printed circuit boards and functional modules are normally capable ofcastings, printed circuit boards and functional modules are normally capable of
being rebuilt to like-new condition throughout their useful life and therefore will bebeing rebuilt to like-new condition throughout their useful life and therefore will be
supplied only on ansupplied only on an
as availableas available
basis after the final production run of thebasis after the final production run of the
instrument.instrument.
SERVICE AVAILABILITYSERVICE AVAILABILITY
Varian provides a variety ofVarian provides a variety of
services to support its customersservices to support its customers
after warranty expiration. Repairafter warranty expiration. Repair
service can be provided byservice can be provided by
attractively priced serviceattractively priced service
contracts or on a time andcontracts or on a time and
material basis. Technicalmaterial basis. Technical
support and training can besupport and training can be
provided by qualified personnelprovided by qualified personnel
on both a contractual or as-on both a contractual or as-
needed basis.needed basis.
Varian Analytical Instruments Sales OfficesVarian Analytical Instruments Sales Offices
For Sales or Service For Sales or Service
assistance and to order Parts and Supplies, contact your local assistance and to order Parts and Supplies, contact your local
VarianVarian
office. For the latest office. For the latest
information visitinformation visit
www.varianinc.comwww.varianinc.com
..
ArgentinaArgentina
Buenos AiresBuenos Aires
Tel. [phone]Tel. [phone]
AustraliaAustralia
Mulgrave, VictoriaMulgrave, Victoria
Tel. +61.Tel. +61.
3.9560.71333.9560.7133
AustriaAustria
PoettelsdorfPoettelsdorf
Tel. [phone]Tel. [phone]
BeneluxBenelux
MiddelburgMiddelburg
Tel. [phone]Tel. [phone]
Brazil and Latin America (S)Brazil and Latin America (S)
São PauloSão Paulo
Tel. [phone]Tel. [phone]
CanadaCanada
Mississauga, OntarioMississauga, Ontario
Tel. [phone]Tel. [phone]
ChinaChina
BeijingBeijing
Tel. [phone]Tel. [phone]
EuropeEurope
Middelburg, The NetherlandsMiddelburg, The Netherlands
Tel. +31.118.671.000Tel. +31.118.671.000
FranceFrance
Les Ulis CédexLes Ulis Cédex
Tel. [phone]Tel. [phone]
GermanyGermany
DarmstadtDarmstadt
Tel. [phone]Tel. [phone]
IndiaIndia
MumbaiMumbai
Tel.Tel.
+91.22.2570.8595/97+91.22.2570.8595/97
ItalyItaly
TorinoTorino
Tel. [phone]Tel. [phone]
JapanJapan
TokyoTokyo
Tel. [phone]Tel. [phone]
KoreaKorea
SeoulSeoul
Tel. [phone]Tel. [phone]
Mexico and LatinMexico and Latin
America (N)America (N)
Mexico CityMexico City
Tel.Tel.
+52.5.55.5239465/026+52.5.55.5239465/026
Russian FederationRussian Federation
MoscowMoscow
Tel. [phone]Tel. [phone]
SpainSpain
MadridMadrid
Tel. [phone]Tel. [phone]
SwedenSweden
SolnaSolna
Tel. [phone]Tel. [phone]
SwitzerlandSwitzerland
SteinhausenSteinhausen
Tel. +41.848.803.800Tel. +41.848.803.800
TaiwanTaiwan
Shih-ChiShih-Chi
Tel. [phone]Tel. [phone]
United Kingdom andUnited Kingdom and
IrelandIreland
OxfordOxford
Tel. [phone]Tel. [phone]
VenezuelaVenezuela
CaracasCaracas
Tel.Tel.
+58.212.285.0320/2494+58.212.285.0320/2494
United StatesUnited States
Walnut Creek, California,Walnut Creek, California,
USAUSA
Tel. [phone]Tel. [phone]
(GC and GC/MS)(GC and GC/MS)
Tel. Tel.
+1.800.367.4752 +1.800.367.4752
(LC)(LC)
http://www.varianinc.com/http://www.varianinc.com/

Safety InformationSafety Information
Page: Page:
X X
User User
Manual Manual
450-GC 450-GC
Varian, Varian,
Inc.Inc.
CE DECLARATION OF CONFORMITYCE DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY

Table
of
Contents
Varian,
Inc.
User
Manual
450-GC
Page:
XI
TABLE OF CONTENTS
VARIAN ANALYTICAL INSTRUMENT WARRANTY....
.............................................................
III
H
ARDWARE
P
RODUCTS
....
..........................................................................................................
III
S
OFTWARE
P
RODUCTS
....
...........................................................................................................
III
R
EMEDIES
....
..............................................................................................................................
III
L
IMITATION OF
W
ARRANTY
....
......................................................................................................
III
L
IMITATION OF
R
EMEDIES AND
L
IABILITY
....
..................................................................................
III
SAFETY INFORMATIO
N
...
..........................................................................................................
IV
I
NFORMATION
...
..........................................................................................................................
IV
O
PERATING
I
NSTRUCTIONS
...
......................................................................................................
IV
G
ENERAL
S
AFETY
P
RECAUTIONS
...
.............................................................................................
VI
E
LECTRICAL
H
AZARDS
....
...........................................................................................................
VII
C
OMPRESSED
G
AS
C
YLINDERS
....
..............................................................................................
VII
GC
S
AFETY
P
RACTICES
.....
......................................................................................................
VIII
Exhaust System.....
............................................................................................................
VIII
Radioactive Sou
rce Detectors
.....
......................................................................................
VIII
Burn Hazard.....
..................................................................................................................
VIII
S
PARE
P
ARTS
A
VAILABILITY
...
.....................................................................................................
IX
S
ERVICE
A
VAILABILITY
...
.............................................................................................................
IX
CE
D
ECLARATION OF
C
ONFORMITY
..
............................................................................................
X
TABLE OF CONTENTS...
............................................................................................................
XI
FIGURES....
..............................................................................................................................
XXV
TABL
ES
......
...........................................................................................................................
XXVII
INTRODUCTION..
.........................................................................................................................
1
G
UIDE TO THE
450-GC
U
SER
M
ANUAL
..
.......................................................................................
1
Abbreviati
ons
..
......................................................................................................................
1
B
RIEF
D
ESCRIPTION OF THE
45
0-G
C
..
.........................................................................................
2
C
ONFIGURATION AND
O
PTIONS
..
..................................................................................................
3
INSTA
LLAT
ION
..
..........................................................................................................................
5
N
OTES
A
BOUT
S
ETTING
U
P AND
U
SING
Y
OUR
450-GC..
...............................................................
5
P
REPARING FOR
I
NSTALLATION
..
..................................................................................................
5
Inspection ..
...........................................................................................................................
5
Unpacking..
...........................................................................................................................
5
Remove Protective Devices ..
...............................................................................................
6
Connect Data Handlin
g Periphera
ls
..
...................................................................................
6
Select Gases ..
......................................................................................................................
7
Hydrogen as Carrier Gas..
....................................................................................................
8

Table of Contents
Page:
XII
User
Manual
450-GC
Varian,
Inc.
General laboratory precaution
s
..
......................................................................................
9
Operating pre
cautions
..
....................................................................................................
9
Install Gas Regulators and Set Pressures...
.......................................................................
10
Connect
Gases
...
................................................................................................................
10
Installing the CP-8400/8410 AutoSampler ...
......................................................................
11
Conn
ect GC to Pow
er
...
.................................................................................................
12
C
OLUMN
I
NSTALLATION AND
C
ONDITIONING
...
.............................................................................
13
Nuts and Ferrules for
Capillary Columns...
.........................................................................
14
Connect Capillary Colu
mn to Injector
...
..............................................................................
15
Tips for Tightening Column Ferrules...
...........................................................................
17
Nuts and Ferrules for Packed Columns...
...........................................................................
18
Connect a Packed Column to the Injector...
.......................................................................
18
Varian Test Co
lumn
...
.........................................................................................................
19
Identify Carrier Gas Controls and Turn on Flow
...
..............................................................
19
Split Vent Flow and Septum Purge Flow...
.........................................................................
20
Septum
purge ca
libration
...
............................................................................................
20
Set Carrier Gas Flow Rate to
Condition Colum
n...
.............................................................
22
Injector Conditio
ning
...
........................................................................................................
22
Column Conditioning ...
.......................................................................................................
23
New Colum
ns
...
..............................................................................................................
23
Used Columns...
.............................................................................................................
23
Connect Capilla
ry Column to Detecto
r
...
............................................................................
24
Column Insertion Depth
s for
Varian Detector
s
...
................................................................
24
Connect Metal Pa
cked Column to Dete
ctor
...
....................................................................
25
Check for Leaks...
...............................................................................................................
25
B
ASIC
O
PERATION
...
..................................................................................................................
26
Setting Carrier and Detecto
r Gas Flow Rates
...
.................................................................
26
Condition th
e GC System
...
................................................................................................
28
Build a Method to Analyze a
Test Sample...
.......................................................................
28
Method to Analyze a Varian Test Samp
le on a Varian Test Column
...
..............................
29
Prepare the Test Sample...
.................................................................................................
30
Solvents for GC ...
...............................................................................................................
31
Sample Volum
e and Injection Rate
...
.................................................................................
32
Inject the Test Samp
le
...
.....................................................................................................
32
REFER
ENCE
...
...........................................................................................................................
33
PERIPHERAL
CONNECTO
RS...
................................................................................................
33
P
ERIPHERAL
C
ONNECTORS
...
.....................................................................................................
34
J504/J505
S.I.D.
1
AND
2...
......................................................................................................
35
J401
A
NALOG
OUT...
................................................................................................................
36
J302
T
EMPERATURE
P
ROBES
...
.................................................................................................
37
J45/J46
A
UXILIARY
1
AND
2...
....................................................................................................
38
J44
C
RYO
V
ALVES
(3)...
............................................................................................................
39
J42/J43
E
XTERNAL
E
VENTS
...
...................................................................................................
40
J41
H
EATER
C
ONNECTIONS
...
....................................................................................................
41
R
EAR
P
ANEL
...
.........................................................................................................................
42
O
PTION
B
OARD
...
......................................................................................................................
43
F
USES
C
OMMON
...
....................................................................................................................
44

Table of ContentsTable of Contents
Page: Page:
XVI XVI
User User
Manual Manual
450-GC 450-GC
Varian, Varian,
Inc.Inc.
Temperature RamTemperature Ram
ped Splitless Injectioped Splitless Injectio
nn
........
..................................................................................................................................
191191
On-column On-column
InjectionInjection
........
..................................................................................................................................................................................................
192192
Large Volume Injection....Large Volume Injection....
..........................................................................................................................................................................................
193193
Testing the 1079 PTV Injector PerfoTesting the 1079 PTV Injector Perfo
rmancermance
........
................................................................................................................................
194194
MainMain
tenatena
ncence
........
..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
195195
Tools Tools
RequiredRequired
........
..................................................................................................................................................................................................................
195195
Remove the GRemove the G
lass Insertlass Insert
........
............................................................................................................................................................................................
195195
Replace the Replace the
Glass InseGlass Inse
rtrt
........
............................................................................................................................................................................................
197197
CC
HROMATOHROMATO
PP
ROBEROBE
........
............................................................................................................................................................................................................................
198198
How to Assemble the ChrHow to Assemble the Chr
omatoProomatoPro
bebe
........
..................................................................................................................................................
198198
How to Install How to Install
the ChromatoProbthe ChromatoProb
e....e....
................................................................................................................................................................
198198
Using the ChromUsing the Chrom
atoProbeatoProbe
........
........................................................................................................................................................................................
200200
How to Perform Analysis with the ChromatoProbe....How to Perform Analysis with the ChromatoProbe....
....................................................................................................
200200
Analysis of TheAnalysis of The
rmally Labile rmally Labile
SamplesSamples
........
..........................................................................................................................................
201201
Using the ChromatoProbUsing the ChromatoProb
e Along with Traditional GC/Me Along with Traditional GC/M
SS
........
..............................................................................
202202
Using the ChromatoUsing the Chromato
Probe as a Dirty Sample InlProbe as a Dirty Sample Inl
etet
........
....................................................................................................
202202
Cleaning....Cleaning....
................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
204204
RecommenRecommen
ded Readingded Reading
........
..............................................................................................................................................................................................
204204
THE 1041 ON-COLUMN INJECTOR....THE 1041 ON-COLUMN INJECTOR....
........................................................................................................................................................................
205205
Automatic StarAutomatic Star
t Switch....t Switch....
....................................................................................................................................................................................................
206206
1041 Injector Insert....1041 Injector Insert....
..............................................................................................................................................................................................................
206206
Injector AInjector A
ssembly and ssembly and
InsertInsert
........
................................................................................................................................................................................
207207
1041 Electron1041 Electron
ic Flow Control (EFC)ic Flow Control (EFC)
........
..........................................................................................................................................................
208208
Column Installation....Column Installation....
......................................................................................................................................................................................................
211211
Condition the Column....Condition the Column....
..............................................................................................................................................................................................
211211
Column InColumn In
stallation in stallation in
DetectorDetector
........
................................................................................................................................................................
211211
Setting 1041 Gas Flow RateSetting 1041 Gas Flow Rate
ss
........
..............................................................................................................................................................................
211211
EFC Pneumatics....EFC Pneumatics....
......................................................................................................................................................................................................................
211211
Flow RateFlow Rate
s for Os for O
perationperation
........
..................................................................................................................................................................................
212212
CapiCapi
llary Mollary Mo
dede
........
..................................................................................................................................................................................................................
212212
PackPack
ed Moed Mo
dede
........
......................................................................................................................................................................................................................
212212
1041 Ope1041 Ope
rationration
........
..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................
213213
1041 Injector Method....1041 Injector Method....
................................................................................................................................................................................................
213213
Testing the 104Testing the 104
1 Injector1 Injector
........
............................................................................................................................................................................................
214214
MainMain
tenatena
ncence
........
..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
215215
Hardware Replacement and Cleaning Procedures....Hardware Replacement and Cleaning Procedures....
....................................................................................................
215215
Septum ReplacemenSeptum Replacemen
tt
........
..............................................................................................................................................................................................
215215
Needle/ Syringe Cleaning....Needle/ Syringe Cleaning....
..................................................................................................................................................................................
216216
Leak Leak
CheckingChecking
........
............................................................................................................................................................................................................................
216216
Syringe Syringe
Leak Leak
CheckingChecking
........
........................................................................................................................................................................................
217217
THE 1061 FLASH VAPORIZATION INJECTOR....THE 1061 FLASH VAPORIZATION INJECTOR....
....................................................................................................................................
219219
Automatic StarAutomatic Star
t Switch....t Switch....
....................................................................................................................................................................................................
220220
Injector AInjector A
ssembly and ssembly and
InsertInsert
........
................................................................................................................................................................................
221221
1061 Electron1061 Electron
ic Flow Control (EFC)ic Flow Control (EFC)
........
..........................................................................................................................................................
222222
1061 Injector Insert....1061 Injector Insert....
..............................................................................................................................................................................................................
224224
Column Column
InstallationInstallation
........
..............................................................................................................................................................................................................
224224
Column Installation....Column Installation....
......................................................................................................................................................................................................
224224

Table Table
of of
ContentsContents
Varian, Varian,
Inc. Inc.
User User
Manual Manual
450-GC 450-GC
Page: Page:
XVIIXVII
Condition the Column....Condition the Column....
..............................................................................................................................................................................................
224224
Column InColumn In
stallation in stallation in
DetectorDetector
........
................................................................................................................................................................
224224
Setting 1061 Gas Flow RateSetting 1061 Gas Flow Rate
ss
........
..............................................................................................................................................................................
225225
EFC Pneumatics....EFC Pneumatics....
......................................................................................................................................................................................................................
225225
Flow RateFlow Rate
s for Os for O
perationperation
........
..................................................................................................................................................................................
226226
CapiCapi
llary Mollary Mo
dede
........
..................................................................................................................................................................................................................
226226
PackPack
ed Moed Mo
dede
........
......................................................................................................................................................................................................................
226226
1061 Flash Injec1061 Flash Injec
tor Operatitor Operati
onon
........
............................................................................................................................................................................
227227
1061 Flash Injector Method....1061 Flash Injector Method....
............................................................................................................................................................................
227227
Testing the 10Testing the 10
61 Flash Inj61 Flash Inj
ectorector
........
........................................................................................................................................................................
228228
MM
AINTENANCEAINTENANCE
........
..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
229229
Replacing the 1061 Glass Insert ....Replacing the 1061 Glass Insert ....
....................................................................................................................................................................
229229
Remove the GRemove the G
lass Insertlass Insert
........
............................................................................................................................................................................................
229229
Replace the Replace the
Glass InseGlass Inse
rtrt
........
............................................................................................................................................................................................
230230
1093 SEPTUM-EQ1093 SEPTUM-EQ
UIPPED PROGRAMMABLE INJECTUIPPED PROGRAMMABLE INJECT
OR (SPI)OR (SPI)
........
..........................................................................
231231
Automatic StarAutomatic Star
t Switch....t Switch....
....................................................................................................................................................................................................
233233
Injector AInjector A
ssembly and ssembly and
InsertInsert
........
................................................................................................................................................................................
234234
1093 Injector Parts....1093 Injector Parts....
................................................................................................................................................................................................................
234234
1093 Electron1093 Electron
ic Flow Control (EFC)ic Flow Control (EFC)
........
..........................................................................................................................................................
235235
Glass Insert....Glass Insert....
......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
237237
Syringe....Syringe....
....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
237237
Mounting the Column....Mounting the Column....
........................................................................................................................................................................................................
238238
Column Column
InstallationInstallation
........
..............................................................................................................................................................................................................
238238
Condition Condition
the Columthe Colum
nn
........
......................................................................................................................................................................................................
238238
Column Installation in Detector....Column Installation in Detector....
..........................................................................................................................................................................
238238
Connecting COConnecting CO
22
to the 1093 Injector....to the 1093 Injector....
........................................................................................................................................................
238238
Connecting LN2 to the 1093 InjectoConnecting LN2 to the 1093 Injecto
rr
........
........................................................................................................................................................
239239
Setting 1093 Gas Flow RateSetting 1093 Gas Flow Rate
ss
........
..............................................................................................................................................................................
240240
EFC Pneumatics....EFC Pneumatics....
......................................................................................................................................................................................................................
241241
1093 Injector O1093 Injector O
perationperation
........
................................................................................................................................................................................................
242242
Testing the 1093 Injector Performance ....Testing the 1093 Injector Performance ....
................................................................................................................................................
243243
Septum Purge Calibration ....Septum Purge Calibration ....
........................................................................................................................................................................................
244244
MainMain
tenatena
ncence
........
..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
245245
Septum Septum
ReplacemeReplaceme
ntnt
........
......................................................................................................................................................................................................
245245
Removal of Glass Insert....Removal of Glass Insert....
......................................................................................................................................................................................
245245
RemoRemo
valval
........
......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
245245
Re-aRe-a
ssemssem
bleble
........
........................................................................................................................................................................................................................
246246
Leak Leak
CheckingChecking
........
............................................................................................................................................................................................................................
247247
Leak CheckinLeak Checkin
g the Injector Og the Injector O
nlynly
........
............................................................................................................................................................
247247
Gas Leak ChGas Leak Ch
eckingecking
........
....................................................................................................................................................................................................
247247
Visual Leak Checking....Visual Leak Checking....
..............................................................................................................................................................................................
248248
Syringe Syringe
Leak Leak
CheckingChecking
........
........................................................................................................................................................................................
248248
Injector and Column Conditioning ....Injector and Column Conditioning ....
................................................................................................................................................................
248248
Baking Out the Injector....Baking Out the Injector....
..........................................................................................................................................................................................
248248
SAMPLE PRECONCENTRASAMPLE PRECONCENTRA
TION TRAP (SPT)TION TRAP (SPT)
........
....................................................................................................................................
251251
Description....Description....
........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
251251
SPT temperature zone....SPT temperature zone....
....................................................................................................................................................................................................
252252

Table of ContentsTable of Contents
Page: Page:
XVIII XVIII
User User
Manual Manual
450-GC 450-GC
Varian, Varian,
Inc.Inc.
Two trap sizes Two trap sizes
available available
........
..............................................................................................................................................................................................
253253
Using the SPT....Using the SPT....
..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................
253253
Trapping Methodology....Trapping Methodology....
............................................................................................................................................................................................
253253
TrapTrap
ping Medping Med
iaia
........
................................................................................................................................................................................................................
253253
Trap Trap
DimensionsDimensions
........
............................................................................................................................................................................................................
254254
Trap TempTrap Temp
eratueratu
rere
........
........................................................................................................................................................................................................
254254
Trapping and Desorption....Trapping and Desorption....
....................................................................................................................................................................................
254254
Electrical Electrical
SystemSystem
........
....................................................................................................................................................................................................................
255255
Circuit Circuit
breakerbreaker
........
....................................................................................................................................................................................................................
256256
LCOLCO
22
Option....Option....
....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
257257
SysteSyste
m m
DescDesc
riptiripti
onon
........
....................................................................................................................................................................................................
257257
Theory Theory
of Oof O
perationperation
........
..................................................................................................................................................................................................
258258
Characteristics of LCOCharacteristics of LCO
22
as a Coolant....as a Coolant....
..............................................................................................................................................
258258
InadequaInadequa
te Coote Coo
lingling
........
....................................................................................................................................................................................................
258258
TranTran
sfer Linesfer Line
........
........................................................................................................................................................................................................................
259259
RecommenRecommen
ded Supply Conditionsded Supply Conditions
........
......................................................................................................................................................
259259
LNLN
22
Option ....Option ....
........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
260260
Description....Description....
................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
260260
RecommenRecommen
ded Supply Conditionsded Supply Conditions
........
......................................................................................................................................................
261261
RecommendRecommend
ed temped temp
erature ranerature ran
gesges
........
................................................................................................................................................
261261
Configuring the SPT ....Configuring the SPT ....
..........................................................................................................................................................................................................
262262
Building an SPT methoBuilding an SPT metho
dd
........
..............................................................................................................................................................................................
263263
Replacing the Trap Assembly....Replacing the Trap Assembly....
..............................................................................................................................................................................
264264
SPT System SPT System
ComponCompon
entsents
........
........................................................................................................................................................................................
265265
Remove the SPT Cover....Remove the SPT Cover....
................................................................................................................................................................................................
266266
Detach Trap Assembly ....Detach Trap Assembly ....
..................................................................................................................................................................................................
267267
Remove Cryo NoRemove Cryo No
zzle Assemblyzzle Assembly
........
......................................................................................................................................................................
268268
Installing the Trap Assembly ....Installing the Trap Assembly ....
................................................................................................................................................................................
269269
Trap Conditioning ....Trap Conditioning ....
..................................................................................................................................................................................................................
273273
ReplacemeReplaceme
nt SPT nt SPT
traps....traps....
................................................................................................................................................................................................
274274
SPT replacement parts....SPT replacement parts....
..................................................................................................................................................................................................
275275
TroubleTrouble
shooting....shooting....
........................................................................................................................................................................................................................
276276
DETEDETE
CTORCTOR
SS
........
................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
279279
II
NTRODUCTIONNTRODUCTION
........
........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
279279
AA
NALOGNALOG
OO
UTPUTUTPUT
........
................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
280280
FLAME IONIZATIOFLAME IONIZATIO
N DETECTOR (FID)N DETECTOR (FID)
........
............................................................................................................................................................
283283
InitiIniti
al Set-Upal Set-Up
........
..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
284284
OperatioOperatio
nn
........
............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
285285
FID auto-Ignite flow diagram ....FID auto-Ignite flow diagram ....
................................................................................................................................................................................
287287
InstallationInstallation
/Disassembly/Disassembly
........
..............................................................................................................................................................................................
288288
Exploded View....Exploded View....
....................................................................................................................................................................................................................
288288
Disassemble Disassemble
the FIDthe FID
........
................................................................................................................................................................................................
289289
Reassemble the FID....Reassemble the FID....
..................................................................................................................................................................................................
290290
MM
AINTENANCEAINTENANCE
........
..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
292292
Clean the Flame Tip and Internal Parts....Clean the Flame Tip and Internal Parts....
................................................................................................................................................
292292
Replace the Flame-Tip Ferrule....Replace the Flame-Tip Ferrule....
..........................................................................................................................................................................
293293
FID Test ChromatogrFID Test Chromatogr
amam
........
..............................................................................................................................................................................................
293293

Table Table
of of
ContentsContents
Varian, Varian,
Inc. Inc.
User User
Manual Manual
450-GC 450-GC
Page: Page:
XIXXIX
PULSED DISCHARGE HELIUM IONIZATION DETECTOR (PDHID)....PULSED DISCHARGE HELIUM IONIZATION DETECTOR (PDHID)....
..................................................................
295295
HH
ELIUMELIUM
II
ONIZATIONONIZATION
(PDHID)....(PDHID)....
..............................................................................................................................................................................................
296296
Cable Cable
overviewoverview
........
..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................
297297
Exploded Exploded
ViewView
........
............................................................................................................................................................................................................................
298298
Gas Gas
ConnectionConnection
ss
........
....................................................................................................................................................................................................................
299299
Installation....Installation....
..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
299299
General PrecauGeneral Precau
tionstions
........
..........................................................................................................................................................................................................
300300
Installing and Purging the Helium Purifier ....Installing and Purging the Helium Purifier ....
........................................................................................................................................
300300
Connecting the DischargConnecting the Discharg
e Gas to e Gas to
the Detector....the Detector....
........................................................................................................................
301301
Capillary ColumCapillary Colum
n Connectionn Connection
........
..............................................................................................................................................................................
301301
Packed Column ConPacked Column Con
nectionnection
........
..................................................................................................................................................................................
302302
Testing Testing
for Lfor L
eakseaks
........
....................................................................................................................................................................................................................
303303
THERMIONIC STHERMIONIC S
PECIFIC DETECTOPECIFIC DETECTO
R (TSD)R (TSD)
........
............................................................................................................................................
305305
InitiIniti
al Set-Upal Set-Up
........
..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
306306
Operation and Operating RecommendationOperation and Operating Recommendation
ss
........
..............................................................................................................................
307307
Bead CondiBead Condi
tioningtioning
........
........................................................................................................................................................................................................
307307
Optimization of the TSD Using the Varian Test SampOptimization of the TSD Using the Varian Test Samp
lele
........
....................................................................................
309309
Determining OptimuDetermining Optimu
m Hydrogen Flowm Hydrogen Flow
........
..........................................................................................................................................
309309
MaintaininMaintainin
g Optimum Condg Optimum Cond
itionsitions
........
..........................................................................................................................................................
310310
Column Bleed....Column Bleed....
......................................................................................................................................................................................................................
311311
Solvent Solvent
ConsideratioConsideratio
nsns
........
........................................................................................................................................................................................
311311
Chlorinated Chlorinated
SolventsSolvents
........
................................................................................................................................................................................................
311311
Effect of SiEffect of Si
lylation Realylation Rea
gentsgents
........
........................................................................................................................................................................
312312
TSD TSD
AssemblyAssembly
........
............................................................................................................................................................................................................................
313313
ExplExpl
odeode
d viewd view
........
....................................................................................................................................................................................................................
313313
TSD disaTSD disa
ssemssem
blybly
........
..........................................................................................................................................................................................................
314314
TSD TSD
Re-assemblyRe-assembly
........
........................................................................................................................................................................................................
315315
MM
AINTENANCEAINTENANCE
........
..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
317317
Cleaning / MaintenaCleaning / Maintena
ncence
........
................................................................................................................................................................................................
317317
Bead Bead
CleaningCleaning
........
............................................................................................................................................................................................................................
317317
Flame Tip and Internal Parts CleaFlame Tip and Internal Parts Clea
ningning
........
..................................................................................................................................................
317317
Replace the Flame-Tip Ferrule....Replace the Flame-Tip Ferrule....
..........................................................................................................................................................................
318318
Test Chromatogram....Test Chromatogram....
............................................................................................................................................................................................................
318318
THERMAL CONDUCTIVITTHERMAL CONDUCTIVIT
Y DETECTOR (TCD)Y DETECTOR (TCD)
........
..................................................................................................................................
319319
Before OperBefore Oper
ating the TCDating the TCD
........
........................................................................................................................................................................................
320320
InitiIniti
al Set-Upal Set-Up
........
..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
320320
TCD AdjustmTCD Adjustm
entsents
........
..........................................................................................................................................................................................................
322322
OperatioOperatio
nn
........
............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
323323
Range Setting....Range Setting....
......................................................................................................................................................................................................................
325325
Low Currents (100-150 mA)....Low Currents (100-150 mA)....
..........................................................................................................................................................................
325325
High High
Currents (30Currents (30
0 mA0 mA
))
........
......................................................................................................................................................................................
326326
Calculate Detector Sensitivity....Calculate Detector Sensitivity....
......................................................................................................................................................................
327327
Calculate DeCalculate De
tector Detectivtector Detectiv
ityity
........
....................................................................................................................................................................
328328
Adjust TCD CarrAdjust TCD Carr
ier Gas Floier Gas Flo
w Rates....w Rates....
..........................................................................................................................................................
328328
MM
AINTENANCEAINTENANCE
........
..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
328328
TCD Test TCD Test
ChromatoChromato
gramgram
........
..........................................................................................................................................................................................
328328

Table of ContentsTable of Contents
Page: Page:
XX XX
User User
Manual Manual
450-GC 450-GC
Varian, Varian,
Inc.Inc.
ELECTRON CAPTELECTRON CAPT
URE DETECTOR (URE DETECTOR (
ECD)ECD)
........
................................................................................................................................................
329329
Initial Set-up....Initial Set-up....
....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
330330
ECD Adjustments ....ECD Adjustments ....
..................................................................................................................................................................................................................
331331
Cell-Cell-
CurreCurre
ntnt
........
............................................................................................................................................................................................................................
331331
Time Time
Constant Constant
SwitchSwitch
........
............................................................................................................................................................................................
331331
Setting the Contact Potential....Setting the Contact Potential....
........................................................................................................................................................................
332332
ECD ECD
OperationOperation
........
..................................................................................................................................................................................................................
333333
Column aColumn a
nd Septum nd Septum
BleedBleed
........
............................................................................................................................................................................
333333
Column ConditioColumn Conditio
ningning
........
................................................................................................................................................................................................
333333
Column Oven and DetecColumn Oven and Detec
tor Oven Temperature Selectitor Oven Temperature Selecti
onon
........
............................................................................
333333
ECD Pneumatics ....ECD Pneumatics ....
....................................................................................................................................................................................................................
334334
InstallationInstallation
/Disassembly/Disassembly
........
..............................................................................................................................................................................................
335335
Exploded Exploded
ViewView
........
............................................................................................................................................................................................................................
335335
ECD InECD In
stallationstallation
........
........................................................................................................................................................................................................................
337337
MM
AINTENANCEAINTENANCE
........
..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
340340
Thermal Cleaning With Carrier Gas ....Thermal Cleaning With Carrier Gas ....
..........................................................................................................................................................
340340
PULSED FLAME PHOTOMETRIC DETECTOR (PFPD)....PULSED FLAME PHOTOMETRIC DETECTOR (PFPD)....
..........................................................................................................
343343
Description....Description....
........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
343343
Basic Components of the PFPD....Basic Components of the PFPD....
......................................................................................................................................................................
343343
Features of thFeatures of th
e PFPD Asseme PFPD Assem
blybly
........
....................................................................................................................................................................
344344
Features of the PFPD Features of the PFPD
ElectrometeElectromete
r Board....r Board....
......................................................................................................................................
346346
Theory of OperTheory of Oper
ation of the PFPDation of the PFPD
........
..................................................................................................................................................................
346346
Stages of Flame Pulsation....Stages of Flame Pulsation....
........................................................................................................................................................................................
347347
How Does the PFPD Achieve its How Does the PFPD Achieve its
Greater Detectivity and Selectivity?....Greater Detectivity and Selectivity?....
..................................................
348348
Background Emission in a Pulsed-flame....Background Emission in a Pulsed-flame....
....................................................................................................................................
348348
Time-depeTime-depe
ndence of ndence of
Emission Profiles....Emission Profiles....
........................................................................................................................................
348348
Emission Profiles....Emission Profiles....
............................................................................................................................................................................................................
348348
Concentration (in time) of the Emitted Light....Concentration (in time) of the Emitted Light....
..........................................................................................................................
349349
Separation of the Element Emission from Separation of the Element Emission from
Background Emission....Background Emission....
........................................................
349349
Effect of Gate Control....Effect of Gate Control....
..............................................................................................................................................................................................
350350
Adjustment oAdjustment o
f the Gas Comf the Gas Com
position....position....
..................................................................................................................................................
351351
PFPD FloPFPD Flo
w Pathw Path
........
......................................................................................................................................................................................................................
351351
References ....References ....
......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
352352
Specifications....Specifications....
................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
352352
Installation....Installation....
..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
354354
Inspecting the PFPD....Inspecting the PFPD....
..........................................................................................................................................................................................................
354354
PFPD Accessory Kit ....PFPD Accessory Kit ....
..........................................................................................................................................................................................................
354354
PFPD Diffusion Source Kit ....PFPD Diffusion Source Kit ....
......................................................................................................................................................................................
355355
Installing a Chromatographic Column ....Installing a Chromatographic Column ....
....................................................................................................................................................
356356
Prepare the CoPrepare the Co
lumn Endlumn End
........
............................................................................................................................................................................................
356356
Disassemble the PFPD....Disassemble the PFPD....
..................................................................................................................................................................................................
357357
Remove the Detector Tower (Optional)....Remove the Detector Tower (Optional)....
................................................................................................................................................
359359
Insert the Column ....Insert the Column ....
..................................................................................................................................................................................................................
360360
Reassemble Reassemble
the PFPDthe PFPD
........
..................................................................................................................................................................................................
361361
OperatioOperatio
nn
........
..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
363363
Adjusting the Adjusting the
Gas Flow RaGas Flow Ra
testes
........
............................................................................................................................................................................
363363
Split Valve....Split Valve....
..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
363363
PFPD Gas Flow Diagram with EFC15....PFPD Gas Flow Diagram with EFC15....
....................................................................................................................................................
364364

Table Table
of of
ContentsContents
Varian, Varian,
Inc. Inc.
User User
Manual Manual
450-GC 450-GC
Page: Page:
XXIXXI
Adjust the GaAdjust the Ga
s Flow Ratess Flow Rates
........
......................................................................................................................................................................................
365365
Calibrating the Flow Controllers ....Calibrating the Flow Controllers ....
......................................................................................................................................................................
366366
Optimizing Optimizing
the PFPthe PFP
DD
........
........................................................................................................................................................................................................
368368
DeteDete
ctivictivi
tyty
........
..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
368368
Selectivity....Selectivity....
............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
368368
Throughput ....Throughput ....
......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
368368
Suggested FueSuggested Fue
l Gas Flow Ratesl Gas Flow Rates
........
....................................................................................................................................................................
369369
Optimization Optimization
CriteriaCriteria
........
..........................................................................................................................................................................................................
370370
Establishing Tick-Tock....Establishing Tick-Tock....
....................................................................................................................................................................................................
375375
PhotomultipPhotomultip
lier Tube (PMT) High Voltagelier Tube (PMT) High Voltage
........
........................................................................................................................................
378378
Adjusting the Adjusting the
PhotomultipPhotomultip
lier Tube (Plier Tube (P
MT) VoltagMT) Voltag
e ....e ....
............................................................................................................
378378
Optimizing Optimizing
the PFPthe PFP
DD
........
........................................................................................................................................................................................................
379379
Repeated InjeRepeated Inje
ctions of Standactions of Standa
rdrd
........
....................................................................................................................................................................
379379
Continuous InfusiContinuous Infusi
on of Standaon of Standa
rdrd
........
....................................................................................................................................................................
381381
Testing the PFPD Performance....Testing the PFPD Performance....
........................................................................................................................................................................
382382
PFPD Test Chromatogram: Sulfur PerformanPFPD Test Chromatogram: Sulfur Performan
cece
........
....................................................................................................................
385385
PFPD Test PFPD Test
ChromatogChromatog
ram: Phosphorus Performanram: Phosphorus Performan
cece
........
................................................................................................
386386
DeteDete
ctivictivi
tyty
........
..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
386386
PFPD Test ChromatogramPFPD Test Chromatogram
: Sulfur Detectivity: Sulfur Detectivity
........
............................................................................................................................
387387
PFPD Test ChromatograPFPD Test Chromatogra
m: Phosphorus Detectivitym: Phosphorus Detectivity
........
........................................................................................................
388388
Using the Gate Delay and Gate Width Parameters....Using the Gate Delay and Gate Width Parameters....
............................................................................................................
388388
Setting the Trigger Level....Setting the Trigger Level....
..............................................................................................................................................................................................
390390
Setting Gate Delay and Gate Setting Gate Delay and Gate
Width ....Width ....
..........................................................................................................................................................
392392
Set Gate Width ....Set Gate Width ....
..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................
393393
Building a GC Building a GC
Method....Method....
......................................................................................................................................................................................................
394394
Building a GC Workstation Method ....Building a GC Workstation Method ....
............................................................................................................................................................
395395
QuantitatioQuantitatio
n n
........
....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
396396
Peak Area Peak Area
QuantitationQuantitation
........
..................................................................................................................................................................................................
396396
Peak Height Quantitation....Peak Height Quantitation....
............................................................................................................................................................................................
397397
Peak Resolution with the PFPD ....Peak Resolution with the PFPD ....
......................................................................................................................................................................
397397
Quantitation in the Sulfur MoQuantitation in the Sulfur Mo
dede
........
........................................................................................................................................................................
397397
Square Root Function....Square Root Function....
......................................................................................................................................................................................................
398398
How to Minimize QuenchinHow to Minimize Quenchin
g of Sulfur Responseg of Sulfur Response
........
..................................................................................................................
398398
Advanced OAdvanced O
peration....peration....
..........................................................................................................................................................................................................
399399
Theory of Operation....Theory of Operation....
............................................................................................................................................................................................................
399399
Table of OptimTable of Optim
um Flow Ratesum Flow Rates
........
............................................................................................................................................................................
400400
Installation of the Nitrogen Mode Parts ....Installation of the Nitrogen Mode Parts ....
................................................................................................................................................
400400
Nitrogen MNitrogen M
ode Operode Oper
ationation
........
..........................................................................................................................................................................................
402402
Parts and Supplies (Nitrogen Mode) ....Parts and Supplies (Nitrogen Mode) ....
........................................................................................................................................................
403403
Phosphorus Mode Operation....Phosphorus Mode Operation....
................................................................................................................................................................................
403403
Sulfur Mode Operation....Sulfur Mode Operation....
....................................................................................................................................................................................................
403403
Options to Aid Options to Aid
Optimization with Other Elements ....Optimization with Other Elements ....
................................................................................................................
403403
Multi-elemeMulti-eleme
nt Detectionnt Detection
........
................................................................................................................................................................................................
404404
Arsenic SeleArsenic Sele
ctive Detection....ctive Detection....
....................................................................................................................................................................................
404404
Emission Wavelengths ....Emission Wavelengths ....
..................................................................................................................................................................................................
404404
Emission Timing ....Emission Timing ....
......................................................................................................................................................................................................................
404404
Flame Composition....Flame Composition....
..............................................................................................................................................................................................................
404404
FilteFilte
rsrs
........
........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
405405
Selenium Selective DetectioSelenium Selective Detectio
nn
........
..............................................................................................................................................................................
405405

Table of ContentsTable of Contents
Page: Page:
XXII XXII
User User
Manual Manual
450-GC 450-GC
Varian, Varian,
Inc.Inc.
Emission Wavelengths ....Emission Wavelengths ....
..................................................................................................................................................................................................
405405
Emission Timing ....Emission Timing ....
......................................................................................................................................................................................................................
406406
Flame Composition....Flame Composition....
..............................................................................................................................................................................................................
406406
FilteFilte
rsrs
........
........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
406406
Tin Selective Detection....Tin Selective Detection....
..................................................................................................................................................................................................
406406
Emission Wavelengths ....Emission Wavelengths ....
..................................................................................................................................................................................................
406406
Emission Timing ....Emission Timing ....
......................................................................................................................................................................................................................
407407
Flame Composition....Flame Composition....
..............................................................................................................................................................................................................
407407
FilteFilte
rsrs
........
........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
407407
ManganesManganes
e Selective Detectione Selective Detection
........
......................................................................................................................................................................
407407
Emission Wavelengths ....Emission Wavelengths ....
..................................................................................................................................................................................................
408408
Emission Timing ....Emission Timing ....
......................................................................................................................................................................................................................
408408
Flame Composition....Flame Composition....
..............................................................................................................................................................................................................
408408
FilteFilte
rsrs
........
........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
408408
Maintaining the PFPD....Maintaining the PFPD....
......................................................................................................................................................................................................
409409
Replacing the Optical Filter ....Replacing the Optical Filter ....
....................................................................................................................................................................................
409409
Changing the Combustor Size....Changing the Combustor Size....
............................................................................................................................................................................
411411
Replacing a Dirty Combustor....Replacing a Dirty Combustor....
................................................................................................................................................................................
411411
Ordering Parts and Supplies for the PFPD....Ordering Parts and Supplies for the PFPD....
......................................................................................................................................
412412
TroubleTrouble
shooting....shooting....
........................................................................................................................................................................................................................
414414
Overview....Overview....
..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
414414
Flame Does Not IgnFlame Does Not Ign
iteite
........
....................................................................................................................................................................................................
414414
Baseline Noise is Too High ....Baseline Noise is Too High ....
....................................................................................................................................................................................
415415
Baseline Baseline
is Erratic (is Erratic (
tick-tock)tick-tock)
........
................................................................................................................................................................................
417417
DETECTOR TEST DETECTOR TEST
CHROMATOCHROMATO
GRAMS....GRAMS....
..........................................................................................................................................................
419419
FID Test Mix ....FID Test Mix ....
..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
420420
TSD TTSD T
est Mixest Mix
........
................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
421421
TCD Test Mix....TCD Test Mix....
................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
422422
ECD Test Mix....ECD Test Mix....
................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
423423
PFPD P Mode....PFPD P Mode....
..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................
424424
PFPD S Mode....PFPD S Mode....
..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................
425425
GENERAL GC MAINTENANCE....GENERAL GC MAINTENANCE....
......................................................................................................................................................................................
427427
Overview....Overview....
..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
427427
General GC Maintenance....General GC Maintenance....
..........................................................................................................................................................................................
428428
Check and Check and
Renew GaRenew Ga
s Supplies Supplie
ss
........
..........................................................................................................................................................
428428
Leak Check....Leak Check....
......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
428428
Gas Purifier Replacement....Gas Purifier Replacement....
..........................................................................................................................................................................................
430430
Injector Maintenance ....Injector Maintenance ....
........................................................................................................................................................................................................
432432
Septum ReplacemenSeptum Replacemen
tt
........
..............................................................................................................................................................................................
432432
Instructions for High-Temperature bakeInstructions for High-Temperature bake
out of Injectorsout of Injectors
........
......................................................................................
433433
Injector specified maintenInjector specified mainten
anceance
........
..........................................................................................................................................................................
436436
Detector speciDetector speci
fied maintenfied mainten
anceance
........
......................................................................................................................................................................
436436
Pencil Pencil
FilterFilter
........
......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
437437
SHIPPING, CLEANING AND DISPOSAL INSTRUCTSHIPPING, CLEANING AND DISPOSAL INSTRUCT
IONSIONS
........
................................................................................................
439439
SS
HIPPINGHIPPING
II
NSTRUCTIONSNSTRUCTIONS
........
..........................................................................................................................................................................................................
439439
CC
LEANINGLEANING
II
NSTRUCTIONSNSTRUCTIONS
........
........................................................................................................................................................................................................
439439

Table Table
of of
ContentsContents
Varian, Varian,
Inc. Inc.
User User
Manual Manual
450-GC 450-GC
Page: Page:
XXIIIXXIII
DD
ISPOSALISPOSAL
II
NSTRUCTIONSNSTRUCTIONS
........
..........................................................................................................................................................................................................
439439
REPLACEMENT PARTS....REPLACEMENT PARTS....
............................................................................................................................................................................................................
441441
Injector Liners/Inserts ....Injector Liners/Inserts ....
......................................................................................................................................................................................................
443443
Liner/InseLiner/Inse
rt Descriptionsrt Descriptions
........
..............................................................................................................................................................................................
445445
TECHNICAL TIPS....TECHNICAL TIPS....
..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
457457
CC
HROMATOGRAPHICHROMATOGRAPHIC
II
NTERPRETATIONSNTERPRETATIONS
........
..............................................................................................................................................................
458458
TT
OO
BB
LEED OR NOT TOLEED OR NOT TO
BB
LEEDLEED
……
THAT IS THETHAT IS THE
QQ
UESTIONUESTION
........
................................................................................................................
461461
The baseline below 250 °C....The baseline below 250 °C....
......................................................................................................................................................................................
461461
Injector Injector
contaminacontamina
tion....tion....
......................................................................................................................................................................................................
462462
The ColThe Col
umnumn
........
....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
463463
Gas Impurities....Gas Impurities....
..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................
465465
CC
HOOSING THE RIGHTHOOSING THE RIGHT
GCGC
II
NJECTIONNJECTION
TT
ECHNIQUEECHNIQUE
........
..................................................................................................................................
466466
Direct Direct
InjectionInjection
........
............................................................................................................................................................................................................................
467467
DescDesc
riptiripti
onon
........
......................................................................................................................................................................................................................
467467
Split Injection ....Split Injection ....
................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
467467
DescDesc
riptiripti
onon
........
......................................................................................................................................................................................................................
467467
Splitless InSplitless In
jectionjection
........
....................................................................................................................................................................................................................
468468
DescDesc
riptiripti
onon
........
......................................................................................................................................................................................................................
468468
Cool on-column....Cool on-column....
..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................
470470
DescDesc
riptiripti
onon
........
......................................................................................................................................................................................................................
470470
Programmed Temperature Vaporizer (PTV) ....Programmed Temperature Vaporizer (PTV) ....
................................................................................................................................
470470
DescDesc
riptiripti
onon
........
......................................................................................................................................................................................................................
470470
Cold Split Injection....Cold Split Injection....
........................................................................................................................................................................................................
471471
Cold SpCold Sp
litless Injectilitless Injecti
onon
........
..........................................................................................................................................................................................
471471
Solvent Solvent
VentingVenting
........
................................................................................................................................................................................................................
471471
GCGC
LL
INERINER
LL
ABYRINTHABYRINTH
--
HH
OW TO CHOOSE THE RIGHTOW TO CHOOSE THE RIGHT
II
NJECTOR INSERTNJECTOR INSERT
........
....................................................................
472472
Liner Liner
TypesTypes
........
......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
472472
LineLine
r volumer volume
........
..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
473473
Injector heat capacity....Injector heat capacity....
........................................................................................................................................................................................................
473473
Discrimination effects....Discrimination effects....
........................................................................................................................................................................................................
474474
Liners for splitless injectioLiners for splitless injectio
nsns
........
..................................................................................................................................................................................
475475
StraiStrai
ght lineght line
rr
........
..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................
475475
GooGoo
senesene
ckck
........
..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................
475475
GooseneGoosene
ck with ck with
woolwool
........
..............................................................................................................................................................................................
475475
Double GooseneDouble Goosene
ckck
........
......................................................................................................................................................................................................
475475
Recessed Recessed
GooseneckGooseneck
........
............................................................................................................................................................................................
476476
Liners for split Liners for split
injections ....injections ....
..............................................................................................................................................................................................
476476
Frit SplitFrit Split
terter
........
................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
476476
Inverted -or LaminaInverted -or Lamina
r Cup Splitterr Cup Splitter
........
..........................................................................................................................................................
476476
Baffle Baffle
SplitterSplitter
........
........................................................................................................................................................................................................................
476476
Liners for direct injectionLiners for direct injection
ss
........
..........................................................................................................................................................................................
477477
Straight Straight
tubetube
........
..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................
477477
GooGoo
senesene
ckck
........
..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................
477477
APPENDIX APPENDIX
A: A:
ERROR ERROR
CODESCODES
........
....................................................................................................................................................................................
479479
APPENDIX APPENDIX
B: B:
PUBLIC PUBLIC
STATEMENT....STATEMENT....
..................................................................................................................................................................
491491