Victron energy 2-67-011400 User manual

Lithium Smart Battery Manual
rev 14 - 09/2023
This manual is also available in HTML5.
ENGLISH

Table of Contents
1. Safety precautions ................................................................................................................... 1
1.1. General warnings ............................................................................................................ 1
1.2. Charge and discharge warnings ........................................................................................... 1
1.3. Transportation warnings .................................................................................................... 2
1.4. Disposal of lithium batteries ................................................................................................ 2
2. Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 3
2.1. Description ................................................................................................................... 3
2.2. Features ...................................................................................................................... 3
3. System design and BMS selection guide ........................................................................................ 4
3.1. Maximum number of batteries in series, parallel or series/parallel configuration .................................... 4
3.2. The battery alarm signals and BMS actions .............................................................................. 4
3.2.1. The pre-alarm signal .............................................................................................. 5
3.3. The BMS models ............................................................................................................ 6
3.3.1. The Small BMS .................................................................................................... 7
3.3.2. The VE.Bus BMS V2 .............................................................................................. 7
3.3.3. The VE.Bus BMS .................................................................................................. 8
3.3.4. The Lynx Smart BMS ............................................................................................. 9
3.3.5. The Smart BMS CL 12/100 ...................................................................................... 9
3.3.6. The Smart BMS 12/200 ........................................................................................ 10
3.4. Charging from an alternator .............................................................................................. 10
3.5. Battery monitoring ......................................................................................................... 11
4. Installation ........................................................................................................................... 12
4.1. Unpacking and handling the battery ..................................................................................... 12
4.2. Download and install the VictronConnect app ......................................................................... 12
4.2.1. Update the battery firmware ................................................................................... 12
4.3. Initial charging before use ................................................................................................ 13
4.3.1. Why charge batteries before use .............................................................................. 13
4.3.2. How to charge batteries before use ........................................................................... 13
4.4. Mounting .................................................................................................................... 14
4.5. Connecting battery cables ................................................................................................ 14
4.5.1. Cable cross-sectional area and fuse ratings ................................................................. 14
4.5.2. Connecting a single battery .................................................................................... 14
4.5.3. Connecting multiple batteries in series ....................................................................... 15
4.5.4. Connecting multiple batteries in parallel ...................................................................... 15
4.5.5. Connecting multiple batteries in series/parallel .............................................................. 15
4.5.6. Battery banks consisting of different batteries ............................................................... 16
4.6. Connecting the BMS ...................................................................................................... 16
4.7. Battery settings and configuration via VictronConnect ................................................................ 17
4.7.1. Battery settings .................................................................................................. 17
4.7.2. Battery temperature offset ...................................................................................... 17
4.7.3. Allowed-To-Charge minimum temperature ................................................................... 17
4.7.4. Cell under voltage pre-alarm threshold ....................................................................... 17
4.7.5. Allowed-To-Discharge cell voltage ............................................................................ 18
4.8. Charger settings ........................................................................................................... 18
4.9. Commissioning ............................................................................................................ 19
5. Operation ............................................................................................................................ 20
5.1. Setup, Monitoring & Control via VictronConnect ....................................................................... 20
5.1.1. Battery Limits configuration .................................................................................... 20
5.1.2. Monitoring the battery ........................................................................................... 20
5.1.3. Updating the battery firmware ................................................................................. 20
5.2. Charging the battery and recommended charger settings ............................................................ 21
5.3. Discharging ................................................................................................................ 22
5.4. Observe the operating conditions ....................................................................................... 22
5.5. Battery care ................................................................................................................ 23
6. Troubleshooting & support ....................................................................................................... 24
6.1. Battery issues .............................................................................................................. 24
6.1.1. How to recognise cell imbalance .............................................................................. 24
Lithium Smart Battery Manual

6.1.2. Causes for cell imbalance or a variation in cell voltages ................................................... 24
6.1.3. How to recover an imbalanced battery ....................................................................... 25
6.1.4. Less capacity than expected ................................................................................... 25
6.1.5. Battery very low terminal voltage .............................................................................. 26
6.1.6. Battery is close to end-of-cycle life or has been misused .................................................. 27
6.2. BMS issues ................................................................................................................ 28
6.2.1. The BMS frequently disables the battery charger ........................................................... 28
6.2.2. The BMS is prematurely turning chargers off ................................................................ 28
6.2.3. The BMS is prematurely turning loads off .................................................................... 28
6.2.4. The pre-alarm setting is missing in VictronConnect ......................................................... 28
6.2.5. The BMS is displaying an alarm while all cell voltages are within range ................................. 28
6.2.6. How to test if the BMS is functional ........................................................................... 29
6.3. VictronConnect issues .................................................................................................... 30
6.3.1. Cannot connect with VictronConnect to the battery ......................................................... 30
6.3.2. Pin code lost ..................................................................................................... 30
6.3.3. Interrupted firmware update .................................................................................... 30
6.4. Warnings, alarms and errors ............................................................................................. 31
6.4.1. W-SL11: Under voltage warning (pre-alarm) ................................................................. 31
6.4.2. A-SL11: Under voltage alarm .................................................................................. 31
6.4.3. A-SL9 Over voltage alarm ...................................................................................... 31
6.4.4. A-SL22: Under temperature alarm ............................................................................ 31
6.4.5. A-SL15: Over temperature alarm .............................................................................. 31
6.4.6. E-SL119: Settings data lost .................................................................................... 31
6.4.7. E-SL24: Hardware failure ...................................................................................... 31
6.4.8. E-SL1: Balancer failure ......................................................................................... 32
6.4.9. E-SL2: Internal communitation failure ........................................................................ 32
6.4.10. E-SL9: Overlapped voltage error ............................................................................ 32
6.4.11. E-SL10: Balancer update error ............................................................................... 32
7. Technical data ...................................................................................................................... 33
8. Appendix ............................................................................................................................. 35
8.1. Initial charge procedure without BMS ................................................................................... 35
8.2. Microcontroller power-cycle procedure ................................................................................. 36
8.3. Cell balancing .............................................................................................................. 39
Lithium Smart Battery Manual

1. Safety precautions
• Observe these instructions and keep them located near the battery for future reference.
• The Material Safety Datasheet can be downloaded from the “Material Safety Datasheet menu” located on
the Lithium Smart product page.
• Work on a lithium battery should be carried out by qualified personnel only.
1.1. General warnings
• While working on a lithium battery, wear protective eyeglasses and clothing.
• Any leaked battery material, such as electrolyte or powder on the skin or the eyes, must immediately be
flushed with plenty of clean water. Then seek medical assistance. Spillages on clothing should be rinsed out
with water.
• Explosion and fire hazard. In case of fire, you must use a type D foam or CO2 fire extinguisher.
• The terminals of a lithium battery are always live, therefore, do not place metallic items or tools on top of the
battery.
• Use insulated tools.
• Do not wear any metallic items such as watches, bracelets, etc.
• Avoid short circuits, very deep discharges and excessive charge or discharge currents.
• Do not open or dismantle the battery. Electrolyte is very corrosive. In normal working conditions, contact
with the electrolyte is impossible. If the battery casing is damaged, do not touch the exposed electrolyte or
powder because it is corrosive.
• Lithium batteries are heavy. To avoid muscle strain or back injury, use lifting aids and proper lifting
techniques when installing or removing batteries.
• If involved in a vehicle accident, they can become a projectile! Ensure adequate and secure mounting and
always use suitable handling equipment for transportation.
• Handle with care because a lithium battery is sensitive to mechanical shock.
• Do not use a damaged battery.
• Water will damage your battery. Discontinue use and seek further advice.
1.2. Charge and discharge warnings
• Use only with a Victron Energy-approved BMS.
• Overcharge or discharge will seriously damage a lithium battery and may render the battery unsafe for
continued use. Therefore, the use of an external safety relay is mandatory.
• If charged after the Lithium Battery was discharged below the “Discharge cut-off voltage”, or when the
Lithium Battery is damaged or overcharged, the Lithium Battery can release a harmful mixture of gasses
such as phosphate.
• The temperature range over which the battery can be charged is 5°C to 50°C. Charging the battery at
temperatures outside this range may cause severe damage to the battery or reduce battery life expectancy.
• The temperature range over which the battery can be discharged is -20°C to 50°C. Discharging the
battery at temperatures outside this range may cause severe damage to the battery or reduce battery life
expectancy.
Lithium Smart Battery Manual
Page 1 Safety precautions

1.3. Transportation warnings
• The battery must be transported in its original or equivalent package and in an upright position. If the battery
is in its cardboard packaging, use soft slings to avoid damage. Ensure that all packaging materials are
non-conductive.
• Cartons or crates used to transport lithium batteries must have an approved warning label affixed.
• Air transportation of lithium batteries is prohibited.
• Do not stand below a battery when it is hoisted.
• Never lift the battery at the terminals or the BMS communication cables; only lift the battery at the handles.
• Batteries are tested according to UN Handbook of Tests and Criteria, part III, sub-section 38.3 (ST/SG/
AC.10/11/Rev.5).
• For transport, the batteries belong to the category UN3480, Class 9, Packaging Group II and have to be
transported according to this regulation. This means that for land and sea transport (ADR, RID & IMDG)
they have to be packed according to packaging instruction P903 and for air transport (IATA) according to
packaging instruction P965. The original packaging complies with these instructions.
1.4. Disposal of lithium batteries
• Do not throw a battery into fire.
• Batteries must not be mixed with domestic or industrial waste.
• Batteries marked with the recycling symbol must be processed via a recognized recycling agency. By
agreement, they may be returned to the manufacturer.
Lithium Smart Battery Manual
Page 2 Safety precautions