Xylem EXO Series User manual

ADVANCED WATER QUALITY MONITORING PLATFORM
EXO
User Manual
Item# 603789REF
Revision A

e information contained in this manual is subject to
change without notice.
Eort has been made to make the information in
this manual complete, accurate, and current. e
manufacturer shall not be held responsible for errors or
omissions in this manual. Consult EXOwater.com for the
most up-to-date version of this manual.

pg |3
Table of Contents
1. Introduction
1.1 EXO1 Sonde Overview
1.2 EXO2 Sonde Overview
1.3 EXO Handheld Overview
1.4 EXO Sensors Overview and Specications
1.5 Conductivity/Temperature
1.6 Depth and Level
1.7 Dissolved Oxygen
1.8 fDOM
1.9 pH and ORP
1.10 Total Algae (Chlorophyll and Blue-green Algae)
1.11 Turbidity
2. Operation
2.1 Install Batteries
2.2 Install/Remove Sensors
2.3 Install/Remove Sensor Guard or Calibration Cup
2.4 Sonde States and LED Descriptions
2.5 Awake Sonde, Activate Bluetooth
Attach Sonde to Handheld
2.6 Field Cable
2.7 Bluetooth Wireless Communication
2.8 Install KOR Soware
Connect Sonde
2.9 USB
2.10 Bluetooth Link to PC
2.11 Data Collection Platform
2.12 Flow Cell
3. Handheld
3.1 Install Batteries
3.2 Power On/O Handheld
Attach Handheld to Sonde
3.3 Field Cable
3.4 Bluetooth Wireless Communication
Spot Sampling
3.5 View Live Data
3.6 Record Spot Sampling Data
3.7 Upload Data
3.8 GPS
4. KOR Software
4.1 Introduction to Navigation
4.2 Run Menu
4.3 Calibrate Menu
4.4 Deploy Menu
4.5 Sites Menu
4.6 Data Menu
4.7 Options Menu
4.8 Connections Menu
4.9 Help Menu
4.10 Data Files & File Locations
4.11 SDI-12

pg |4
5. Calibration
5.1 Introduction to Basic Procedure
5.2 Calibrating Conductivity/Temperature
5.3 Calibrating Dissolved Oxygen
5.4 Calibrating Depth
5.5 Calibrating pH
5.6 Calibrating ORP
5.7 Calibrating Turbidity
5.8 Calibrating Total Algae (Chlorophyll and Blue-green Algae)
5.9 Calibrating fDOM
5.10 Calibration Standards
5.11 Calibration Record Sheet
6. Maintenance
6.1 Sonde Storage, Short-term and Long-term
6.1 Sonde Maintenance
6.2 Install/Replace Sonde Batteries
6.3 Replace Sonde Bails
6.4 Update Sonde Firmware
6.5 Handheld Maintenance and Storage
6.6 Install/Replace Handheld Batteries
6.7 Update Handheld Firmware & KOR Soware on Handheld
6.8 Depth Sensor Storage and Maintenance
6.9 Standard Optical Sensors Maintenance and Storage
6.10 Conductivity/Temperature Sensor Maintenance and Storage
6.11 Dissolved Oxygen Sensor Storage, Maintenance and Rehydration
6.12 Sensor Cap Replacement
6.13 pH and ORP Sensor Storage, Maintenance and Rehydration
6.14 Sensor Module Replacement
6.15 Wiper Maintenance and Storage
6.16 Field Cable Maintenance and Storage
6.17 Antifouling Equipment Maintenance
Sacricial Anode
6.18 Connectors Maintenance and Storage
6.19 Flow Cell Maintenance
7. Health & Safety, Warranty, Service
7.1 Chemicals
Conductivity Solutions
pH Solutions
Zobell Solution
Turbidity Standard
Ultraviolet Light (fDOM Sensor)
7.2 Radio Frequency
7.3 Declarations of Conformity
7.4 Instrument Warranty
7.5 Instrument Cleaning & Packing Instructions
7.6 Recycling

pg |5
2.9
EXO1 Sonde
Overview
e EXO1 sonde is a multiparameter instrument that collects water quality data. e sonde collects the
data with up to four user-replaceable sensors and an integral pressure transducer. Each sensor measures its
parameter via a variety of electrochemical, optical, or physical detection methods. Each port accepts any EXO
sensor and automatically recognizes its type. Depending on user-dened settings, the EXO1 will collect data
and store it onboard the sonde, transfer the data to a data collection platform (DCP), or relay it directly to
a user’s PC or EXO Handheld.
Users communicate with the sonde via a eld cable to an
EXO Handheld, Bluetooth® wireless connection to a PC or
EXO Handheld, or a USB connection (via communications
adapter) to a PC.
Specifications
Operating
Environment
Depth Rating
Medium
250 meters, 820 feet
Water
Material
Xenoy®, Lexan® , bronze,
titanium, copper-nickel
alloy, 316 stainless steel
Internal Logging
Memory Capacity 512 MB
Software Kor Interface Software
Communications
Sonde
Adapters
Bluetooth, Field Cable,
USB, RS-485;
USB, SDI-12/RS-232
Power
External
Internal
9-16 VDC
2 D- size batteries
Temperature
Operating
Storage
-5 to 50°C
-20 to +80°C
Battery Life 90 days typically
(see pg 78)
Dimensions
Diameter
Length
Weight
4.70 cm,1.85 in
64.77 cm, 25.50 in
1.65 kg, 3.63 lb
1.1
Universal Sensor Ports

pg |6
EXO1 Sonde
599501
Removable Bail
599473
6-Pin Cable Connector
Upper Battery
Compartment Seal
O-rings 599680
Lower Battery
Compartment Seal
Battery Compartment
Battery Cover
Red LED Indicator
–Sonde Status
Blue LED Indicator
–
Bluetooth
On/Off Magnetic Switch for
Power and Bluetooth
Bulkhead
Sensor
Port Plug
599475
Sensor Guard
599333, 599563
Calibration Cup
599289
Guard Weight
599471, 599365
Pressure Transducer
Opening

pg |7
2.9
1.2
Universal Sensor Ports
Wiper/Sensor Port
Pressure Transducer
Openings
EXO2 Sonde
Overview
e EXO2 sonde is a multiparameter instrument that collects water quality data. e sonde collects the
data with up to six user-replaceable sensors and an integral pressure transducer. Each sensor measures its
parameter via a variety of electrochemical, optical, or physical detection methods. Each port accepts any EXO
sensor and automatically recognizes the type of sensor. Depending on user-dened settings, the EXO2 will
collect data and store it onboard the sonde, transfer the data to a data collection platform (DCP), or relay it
to a user’s PC or EXO Handheld via cable, USB connection, or Bluetooth connection.
In addition to six standard sensor ports, the EXO2 also has a bulkhead port for a central wiper (or an
additional sensor) and an auxiliary port on top of the sonde. is auxiliary port will allow the user to connect
the EXO2 to other EXO sondes.
Users communicate with the sonde via a eld cable to an
EXO Handheld, Bluetooth® wireless connection to a PC or
EXO Handheld, or a USB connection (via communications
adapter) to a PC.
Specifications
Operating
Environment
Depth Rating
Medium
250 meters, 820 feet
Water
Material
Xenoy, Lexan, bronze,
titanium, copper-nickel
alloy, 316 stainless steel
Internal Logging
Memory Capacity 512 MB
Software Kor Interface Software
Communications
Sonde
Adapters
Bluetooth, Field Cable,
USB, RS-485;
USB, SDI-12/RS-232
Power
External
Internal
9-16 VDC
4 D- size batteries
Temperature
Operating
Storage
-5 to +50°C
-20 to +80°C
Battery Life 90 days typically
(see pg 80)
Dimensions
Diameter
Length
Weight
7.62 cm, 3.00 in
71.1 cm, 28.00 in
2.65 kg, 5.83 lb

pg |8
Auxiliary Port
Battery Compartment Opening
Battery Compartment
EXO2 Sonde
599502
Removable Bail
599474
Guard Weight
599472, 599366
6-Pin Cable Connector
Battery Cap/Pressure Relief Valve
O-rings 599681
Red LED Indicator
–Sonde Status
Blue LED Indicator
–
Bluetooth
Bulkhead
Sensor
Port Plug
599475
Sensor Guard
599334, 599564
Central Wiper
599549
Calibration Cup
599316
On/Off Magnetic Switch for
Power and Bluetooth

pg |9
2.9
EXO Handheld
Overview
e EXO Handheld (HH) is a rugged, microcomputer-based instrument that allows the user to display sonde
readings, congure sondes, store and retrieve data, and transfer data from sondes to a computer. Equipped with
GPS, barometer, and custom operating system, the Handheld communicates via Bluetooth wireless technology,
eld cable, or USB connector. e unit utilizes an adjustable backlit screen for easy day or night viewing. Pre-
installed KOR soware facilitates all user interaction and provides powerful control over data collection.
Specifications
Barometer Yes
GPS Yes
Microphone Yes
Audio Speaker Yes
Operating
System
Windows CE 5.0
Material
Polymer,
rated to IP-67 in factory
tests
Memory 2 GB
Software Kor Interface Software
Communications Bluetooth, Field Cable,
USB
Power
Internal 4 C-size alkaline batteries
Temperature
Operating
Storage
-5 to +50°C
-20 to +80°C
Dimensions
Width
Length
Weight w. batt.
11.9 cm, 4.7 in
22.9 cm, 9.0 in
0.91 kg, 2.1 lb
1.3
Microphone is for future
functionality; not active yet
Speaker
Magnet
GPS Antenna (internal)
USB Port
Tripod Mount
(1)
Barometer
Vent
Handstrap
Mount
Battery Cover
Handstrap
Mount
Back View
Top View

pg |10
Bluetooth Indicator
Wi-Fi Indicator is for future
functionality; not active yet
Alphanumeric
Keypad
Shift
Cable Connector
Soft Keys (2)
Menu
Escape
Navigation Arrows (4)
& Return
Backspace
Tab
Power
Brightness
Daylight-viewable
LCD
EXO Handheld
599150

pg |11
EXO Sensors
Overview
e EXO product line includes nine sensors that detect a variety of physical, chemical, and biological
properties of natural water. EXO sensors are designed to collect highly accurate data under ever-changing
environmental conditions.
Data Filtering
All EXO sensors share some common embedded soware, including the ltering of real-time data. Sensors
acquire environmental data at a constant rate, and use this stream of data as the input to the ltering algorithm
that produces results seen by the user. EXO sondes collect data from the EXO sensors and are able to output
data at rates up to 4 Hz. e EXO sensor data ltering process consists of four components:
Basic Rolling Filter
e lter is fundamentally a rolling or window average of past acquired inputs to the lter, such that as a new
data value is added to the summation, the oldest data value is removed, and the total summation is divided
by the total number of data values. It is a simple average, just rolling or moving in time.
Adaptive Filtering
e drawback to a basic rolling lter is that response time to an impulse event is delayed, and the more entries
in the average summation, the longer the delay for the result to converge on the true value. To correct this,
the lter algorithm monitors the new data arriving and compares it to the current averaged result, looking
for indication of an impulse event. When new data deviates from the average by more than a predetermined
tolerance, the number of data entries within the rolling average is reduced to a minimum count and the
remaining values are ushed with the new data. e result is a snap to the new value, entirely eliminating
the inherent delay caused by the rolling average.
Outlier Rejection
Every time a newly acquired data value is added, the rolling average entries are scanned for outlier data.
Although such data has already been determined to fall within the tolerances dened above, the remaining
worst oenders are removed from the rolling average calculation. is outlier rejection allows for smoother
continuous data results.
Calibration Stability
During calibration, the ltering is active as described, plus an additional feature works to provide stability
feedback to the user. When the user attempts to calibrate a sensor, the sudden changes in environment
are perceived as impulses or plunge events and the ltering reacts accordingly. e results immediately
show the value of the solution, and aer a few moments, the lter incrementally engages fully and supplies
the smoothest data. However, as the sensor and the calibration solution work towards equilibrium, the
measurement may slowly dri. e sensor will monitor the results from the lter and determine if the
measurement is stable. It watches the results and calculates a slope from each and every result to the next.
Once the slope settles and is consistently at for approximately 30 seconds, the sensor is considered stable.
KOR is then notied and calibration can continue.
1.4

pg |12
Sensor Response Times
Response times for EXO sensors are based on laboratory testing. Actual response times in the eld may vary
depending on application.
Sensor Accuracy Specifications
To maintain accuracy specications for EXO sensor, we recommend that users calibrate sensors in the lab in
standards with temperatures as close to the ambient temperature of the eld water as possible.

pg |13
2.9
Conductivity Cell
Conductivity/Temperature
Sensor Overview
e EXO combination conductivity and temperature sensor should be installed in a sonde in nearly all sonde
applications. Not only will this sensor provide the most accurate and fastest response temperature data,but
it will also provide the best data for the use in temperature compensation for the other EXO probes. e
conductivity data is used to calculate salinity, specic conductance, and total dissolved solids, and compensate
for changes in density of water (as a function of temperature and salinity) in depth calculations if a depth
sensor is installed.
Temperature Thermistor
e temperature sensor uses a highly stable and aged
thermistor with extremely low-dri characteristics. e
1.5
Specifications
Conductivity
Default Units microSiemens/centimeter
Temperature
Operating
Storage
-5 to +50°C
-20 to +80°C
Range 0 to 200 mS/cm
Accuracy
0-100 mS/cm: ±0.5% of
reading or 0.001 mS/cm,
whichever is greater;
100-200 mS/cm: ±1% of
reading
Response T63<2 sec (see pg 12)
Resolution 0.0001 to 0.01 mS/cm
range-dependent
Sensor Type 4-electrode nickel cell
Temperature
Default Units °Celsius
Temperature
Operating
Storage
-5 to +50°C
-20 to +80°C
Accuracy -5 to 35°C: ±0.01°C
35 to 50°C: ±0.05°C
Response T63<1 sec
Resolution 0.001°C
Sensor Type Thermistor
(continued)
599870

pg |14
thermistor’s resistance changes with temperature. e measured resistance is then converted to temperature
using an algorithm. e temperature sensor receives a multi-point NIST traceable wet calibration and the
accuracy specication of 0.01˚C is valid for expected life of the probe. No calibration or maintenance of the
temperature sensor is required,but accuracy checks can be conducted and logged through the KOR interface
soware.
Conductivity Electrodes
e conductivity sensor uses four internal, pure-nickel electrodes to measure solution conductance. Two of
the electrodes are current driven, and two are used to measure the voltage drop. e measured voltage drop is
then converted into a conductance value in milliSiemens (millimhos). To convert this value to a conductivity
value in milliSiemens per cm (mS/cm), the conductance is multiplied by the cell constant that has units of
reciprocal cm (cm-1). e cell constant for the conductivity cell is approximately 5.5/cm ±10%. For most
applications, the cell constant is automatically determined (or conrmed) with each deployment of the system
when the calibration procedure is followed.
Temperature Compensation
EXO sensors have internal thermistors for quality assurance purposes. However, this internal temperature
is not logged or displayed. Turbidity uses the internal thermistor for temperature compensation, while all
other EXO sensors reference the C/T probe for temperature compensation. To display and log temperature,
a C/T probe must be installed in an EXO sonde.

pg |15
Depth
Sensor Overview
EXO measures depth of water with a non-vented strain gauge. Adierential strain gauge transducer
measures pressure with one side of the transducer exposed to the water and the other side exposed to a
vacuum. We calculate depth from the pressure exerted by the water column minus atmospheric pressure.
Factors inuencing depth measurement include barometric pressure, waterdensity, and temperature.
Calibration in the atmosphere “zeros” the sensorwith respect to the local barometric pressure. A change in
barometricpressure will result in a zero shi unless the transducer is recalibrated to the new pressure.
EXO sondes have intake openings to allow water to act on the strain gauge. e EXO1 intake is located in
the yellow section between the battery compartment and
label of the sonde. e EXO2 intake openings are two small
holes on the face of the sonde bulkhead.
Location of Depth Sensor
Depth sensors are not on center. When deploying the sonde
vertically, take care to ensure the sonde is redeployed in
same position. Oen a marker pin inside a PVC pipe is
used. In horizontal deployments, take care to ensure the
redeployments are always in the same orientation. is is
especially important for the EXO2 sonde because the depth
sensor is o-axis.
1.6
(continued)
EXO2 Depth Intake
EXO1 Depth Intake Specifications
Units PSI, Depth (m, ft, bar)
Temperature
Operating
Storage
-5 to +50°C
-20 to +80°C
Range
Shallow: 0 to 33 ft (10 m)
Medium: 0 to 328 ft (100 m)
Deep: 0 to 820 ft (250 m)
Accuracy
Shallow: ±0.04% FS (±0.013
ft or ±0.004 m)
Medium: ±0.04% FS (±0.13 ft
or ±0.04 m)
Deep: ±0.04% FS (±0.33 ft or
±0.10 m)
Response T63<2 sec (see pg 12)
Resolution 0.001 ft (0.001 m)
Sensor Type Stainless steel strain gauge
Depth Sensor Location
27.2 cm to WQ Sensors
Depth Sensor Location relative
to other water quality sensors
(see EXO sonde label)

pg |16
Location of Depth Sensor (continued)
To assist with consistent horizontal orientation, the EXO2 sonde has
an indentation at the top of the sonde for a marker or positioning
pin.
e sonde should be installed with at least 1 cm of water above the
intake ports.
If a conductivity sensor is installed, the depth will be compensated
automatically for changes in the density of water as temperature
and salinity change.
Depth Configuration
EXO sondes must be ordered with a specic depth option: 0-10 m,
0-100 m, 0-250 m, or no depth. Once the depth selection is made,
the sonde’s depth sensor cannot be changed.

pg |17
2.9
Dissolved Oxygen
Sensor Overview
e principle of operation of the EXO optical Dissolved Oxygen sensor is based on the well-documented
concept that dissolved oxygen quenches both the intensity and the lifetime of the luminescence associated
with a carefully chosen chemical dye. e EXO DO sensor operates by shining a blue light of the proper
wavelength on this luminescent dye which is immobilized in a matrix and formed into a disk. e blue
light causes the immobilized dye to luminesce and the lifetime of this dye luminescence is measured via a
photodiode in the probe. To increase the accuracy and stability of the technique, the dye is also irradiated with
red light during part of the measurement cycle to act as a reference in the determination of the luminescence
lifetime.
When there is no oxygen present, the lifetime of the signal
is maximal; as oxygen is introduced to the membrane
surface of the sensor, the lifetime becomes shorter. us,
the lifetime of the luminescence is inversely proportional
to the amount of oxygen present and the relationship
between the oxygen pressure outside the sensor and the
lifetime can be quantied by the Stern-Volmer equation.
For most lifetime-based optical DO sensors, this Stern-
Volmer relationship
((Tzero/T) – 1) versus O2pressure
is not strictly linear (particularly at higher oxygen
pressures) and the data must be processed using analysis by
1.7
(continued)
Sensor Cap
Sensor without
Sensor Cap
Specifications
Units % Saturation, mg/L
Temperature
Operating
Storage
-5 to +50°C
-20 to +80°C
Range 0 to 500% air sat.
0 to 50 mg/L
Accuracy
0-200%: ±1% reading or 1%
air sat., whichever is greater;
200-500%: ±5% reading
0-20 mg/L: ±1% of reading or
0.1 mg/L;
20-50 mg/L: ±5% reading
Response T63<5 sec (see pg 12)
Resolution 0.1% air sat.
0.01 mg/L
Sensor Type Optical, luminescence lifetime
599100,
599110

pg |18
polynomial non-linear regression. Fortunately, the non-linearity does not change signicantly with time
so that, as long as each sensor is characterized with regard to its response to changing oxygen pressure, the
curvature in the relationship does not aect the ability of the sensor to accurately measure oxygen for an
extended period of time.

pg |19
fDOM
Sensor Overview
e EXO fDOM (Fluorescent Dissolved Organic Matter) sensor is a uorescence sensor which detects the
uorescent component of DOM (Dissolved Organic Matter) when exposed to near-ultraviolet (UV) light.
Colored Dissolved Organic Matter
Users might wish to quantify colored dissolved oxygen matter (CDOM) in order to determine the amount of
light which is absorbed by stained water and thus is not available for the photosynthesis process carried out
by subsurface aquatic plants and algae. In most cases, fDOM can be used as a surrogate for CDOM.
Quinine Sulfate
A surrogate for fDOM is Quinine Sulfate, which, in acid
solution, uoresces similarly to dissolved organic matter.
e units of fDOM are quinine sulfate units (QSUs) where
1 QSU = 1 ppb quinine sulfate and thus quinine sulfate is
really a double surrogate for the desired CDOM parameter.
e EXO fDOM sensor shows virtually perfect linearity
(R2=1.0000) on serial dilution of a colorless solution of
quinine sulfate. However, on serial dilution of stained water
eld samples, the sensor shows some underlinearity. e
point of underlinearity in field samples varies and is
1.8
Specifications
Units Quinine Sulfate equivalents
(QSE), ppb
Temperature
Operating
Storage
-5 to +50°C
-20 to +80°C
Range 0 to 300 ppb QSE
Response T63<2 sec (see pg 12)
Resolution 0.01 ppb QSE
Sensor Type Optical, fluorescence
Linearity
R2>0.999 for serial dilution
of 300 ppb Quinine Sulfate
solution
Detection Limit 0.07 ppb QSE
Optics:
Excitation 365±5 nm
Emission 480±40 nm
WARNING
UV LIGHT
Do not look
directly at light. (continued)
A
599104

pg |20
aected by the UV absorbance of the DOM in the water. Testing shows that underlinearity can occur at fDOM
concentrations as low as 50 QSU. is factor means that a eld sample with an fDOM reading of 140 QSU will
contain signicantly more than double the fDOM of a sample that reads 70 QSU. is eect—good linearity
in colorless quinine sulfate solution, but underlinearity in stained eld samples—is also exhibited by other
commercially available fDOM sensors and thus the performance of the EXO sensor is likely to be equivalent
or better than the competition while providing the advantages of easy integration into a multiparameter
package and automatic mechanical cleaning when used in monitoring studies with an EXO2 sonde.