ZyXEL Communications Prestige 2802HW(L)-IX Manual

Prestige 2802HW(L)-Ix
Support Notes
Version 3.40
Jun. 2007

Prestige 2802HW(L)-Ix Support Notes
All contents copyright (c) 2007 ZyXEL Communications Corporation. 2
Index
Application Notes ..........................................................................................9
General Application Notes.....................................................................................9
Internet Connection................................................................................................9
Setup the Prestige as a DHCP Relay............................................................13
Configure an Internal Server Behind SUA..................................................15
Configure a PPTP server Behind SUA ........................................................16
Using NAT / Multi-NAT..............................................................................20
Using the Dynamic DNS (DDNS)...............................................................39
Network Management Using SNMP...........................................................41
Using syslog.................................................................................................48
Using IPAlias ..............................................................................................51
Using IP Multicast .......................................................................................53
Using Prestige traffic redirect......................................................................55
Using Universal Plug n Play (UPnP)...........................................................58
Wireless Application Notes..................................................................................64
Infrastructure mode......................................................................................64
Wireless MAC address filtering...................................................................68
WEP configuration (Wired Equivalent Privacy)..........................................70
Configuring 802.1x......................................................................................77
Site Survey...................................................................................................88
PSTN Lifeline Application Notes........................................................................92
Usage of PSTN Lifeline...............................................................................92
Lifeline configuration ..................................................................................93
Relay to PSTN .............................................................................................94
How to connect Lifeline and DSL connection.............................................94
VoIPApplication Notes........................................................................................96
Setup SIP Account.......................................................................................96
Peer to Peer call ...........................................................................................99
Phone port settings.....................................................................................103
Advanced voice settings configuration......................................................105
Phone book Speed dial...............................................................................108
Voice - QoS setup......................................................................................111
Call Forwarding setup................................................................................115
Voice – Common Settings.........................................................................118
FAQ .............................................................................................................119

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ZyNOS FAQ ......................................................................................................119
What is ZyNOS?........................................................................................119
How do I access the embedded web configurator?....................................120
What is the default LAN IP address and Password? Moreover, how do I
change it?...................................................................................................120
How do I upload the ZyNOS firmware code via embeded web
configurator?..............................................................................................120
How do I upgrade/backup the ZyNOS firmware by using FTP client
program via LAN?.....................................................................................120
How do I upload or backup ROMFILE via web configurator?.................121
How do I backup/restore configurations by using FTP client program via
LAN?..........................................................................................................121
Why can't I make Telnet to Prestige from WAN?.....................................121
What should I do if I forget the system password?....................................122
What is SUA? When should I use SUA?...................................................122
What is the difference between NAT and SUA?.......................................122
How many network users can the SUA/NAT support?.............................123
What are Device filters and Protocol filters?.............................................123
Why can't I configure device filters or protocol filters?............................123
Product FAQ ......................................................................................................123
What is the Prestige Integrated Access Device?........................................123
Will the Prestige work with my Internet connection?................................124
What do I need to use the Prestige?...........................................................124
What is PPPoE? .........................................................................................124
Does the Prestige support PPPoE?.............................................................124
How do I know I am using PPPoE?...........................................................124
Why does my provider use PPPoE?...........................................................125
Which Internet Applications can I use with the Prestige? .........................125
How can I configure the Prestige?.............................................................125
What network interface does the Prestige support?...................................125
What can we do with Prestige?..................................................................125
Does Prestige support dynamic IP addressing? .........................................125
What is the difference between the internal IP and the real IP from my ISP?
....................................................................................................................125
How does e-mail work through the Prestige?............................................126
Is it possible to access a server running behind SUA from the outside
Internet? If possible, how?.........................................................................126

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What DHCP capability does the Prestige support?....................................126
How do I used the reset button, more over what field of parameter will be
reset by reset button? .................................................................................126
What network interface does the new Prestige series support?.................127
How does the Prestige support TFTP?.......................................................127
Can the Prestige support TFTP over WAN? ..............................................127
How fast can the data go?..........................................................................127
What is Multi-NAT? ..................................................................................128
When do I need Multi-NAT? .....................................................................128
What IP/Port mapping does Multi-NAT support? .....................................129
What is the difference between SUA and Multi-NAT? .............................130
What is BOOTP/DHCP?............................................................................130
What is DDNS?..........................................................................................130
When do I need DDNS service?................................................................131
What DDNS servers does the Prestige support?........................................131
What is DDNS wildcard?...........................................................................131
Does the Prestige support DDNS wildcard?..............................................131
Can the Prestige SUA handle IPsec packets sent by the VPN gateway
behind Prestige?.........................................................................................131
How do I setup my Prestige for routing IPsec packets over SUA?...........132
PSTN Lifeline FAQ ...........................................................................................132
What is P2802 and what is the difference between P2802HW and
P2802HWL? ..............................................................................................132
What does Lifeline mean? .........................................................................132
Do I need Lifeline? ....................................................................................132
Can I connect more than one phone on the phone port?............................132
Can I receive incoming PSTN call through P2802HWL ?........................132
Can I make an outgoing PSTN call through P2802HWL ?.......................133
VoIP FAQ...........................................................................................................133
What is Voice over IP?..............................................................................133
How does Voice over IP work?.................................................................133
Why use VoIP?..........................................................................................133
What is the relationship between codec and VoIP?...................................133
What advantage does Voice over IP can provide?.....................................134
What is the difference between H.323 and SIP?........................................134
Can H.323 and SIP interoperate with one another?...................................134
What is voice quality?................................................................................134

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How are voice quality normally rated?......................................................134
What is codec?...........................................................................................134
What is the relation of codec and VoIP? ...................................................135
What codec does Prestige support?............................................................135
Which codec should I choose?...................................................................135
What do I need in order to use SIP? ..........................................................135
Unable to register with the SIP server?......................................................136
I can register but can not establish a call?..................................................136
I can make a call but the voice only goes one way not bothway?.............136
I can receive a call but the voice only goes one way not bothway? ..........136
If all the about have been tried, but register still fail what should I do?....136
I suspect there is a hardware problem with my Prestige what should I do?137
Firewall FAQ .....................................................................................................137
What is a network firewall?.......................................................................137
What makes Prestige firewall secure? .......................................................137
What are the basic types of firewalls? .......................................................137
What kind of firewall is the Prestige?........................................................138
Why do you need a firewall when your router has packet filtering and
NAT built-in?.............................................................................................138
What is Denials of Service (DoS)attack?...................................................139
What is Ping of Death attack?....................................................................139
What is Teardrop attack?...........................................................................139
What is SYN Flood attack?........................................................................139
What is LAND attack?...............................................................................140
What is Brute-force attack? .......................................................................140
What is IP Spoofing attack?.......................................................................140
What are the default ACL firewall rules in Prestige?................................140
How can I protect against IP spoofing attacks?.........................................141
Content Filter FAQ ............................................................................................142
IPSec FAQ .........................................................................................................142
What is VPN? ............................................................................................142
Why do I need VPN?.................................................................................142
What are most common VPN protocols?...................................................143
What is PPTP? ...........................................................................................143
What is L2TP? ...........................................................................................143
What is IPSec?...........................................................................................143
What secure protocols does IPSec support? ..............................................144

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What are the differences between 'Transport mode' and 'Tunnel mode?...144
What is SA? ...............................................................................................144
What is IKE?..............................................................................................144
What is Pre-Shared Key?...........................................................................145
What are the differences between IKE and manual key VPN? .................145
What is Phase 1 ID for?.............................................................................145
What are Local ID and Peer ID?................................................................145
When should I use FQDN?........................................................................146
Is my Prestige ready for IPSec VPN?........................................................146
How do I configure Prestige VPN? ...........................................................146
How many VPN connections does Prestige support?................................146
What VPN protocols are supported by Prestige?.......................................147
What types of encryption does Prestige VPN support?.............................147
What types of authentication does Prestige VPN support? .......................147
I am planning my Prestige-to-Prestige VPN configuration. What do I need
to know?.....................................................................................................147
Does Prestige support dynamic secure gateway IP?..................................148
What VPN gateway that has been tested with Prestige successfully?.......148
What VPN software that has been tested with Prestige successfully?.......148
Will ZyXEL support Secure Remote Management?..................................149
Does Prestige VPN support NetBIOS broadcast? .....................................149
Is the host behind NAT allowed to use IPSec?..........................................149
Where can I configure Phase 1 ID in Prestige? .........................................149
If I have NAT router between two VPN gateways, and I would like to use
IP type as Phase 1 ID, what should I know?..............................................150
How can I keep a tunnel alive?..................................................................151
Single, Range, Subnet, which types of IP address do Prestige
10/10II/10W/50/100 support in VPN/IPSec? ............................................151
Can Prestige support IPSec passthrough?..................................................151
Can Prestige behave as a NAT router supporting IPSec passthrough and an
IPSec gateway simultaneously?.................................................................152
Wireless FAQ.....................................................................................................152
What is a Wireless LAN ? .........................................................................152
What are the advantages of Wireless LANs ? ...........................................152
What are the disadvantages of Wireless LANs ?.......................................153
Where can you find wireless 802.11 networks ? .......................................153
What is an Access Point ?..........................................................................153

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What is IEEE 802.11 ?...............................................................................153
What is 802.11b ? ......................................................................................154
How fast is 802.11b ?.................................................................................154
What is 802.11a ?.......................................................................................154
What is 802.11g ? ......................................................................................154
Is it possible to use products from a variety of vendors ?..........................154
What is Wi-Fi ?..........................................................................................155
What types of devices use the 2.4GHz Band ?..........................................155
Does the 802.11 interfere with Bluetooth devices ?..................................155
Can radio signals pass through walls ?......................................................155
What are potential factors that may causes interference among WLAN
products ?...................................................................................................155
What's the difference between a WLAN and a WWAN ?.........................156
What is Ad Hoc mode ?.............................................................................156
What is Infrastructure mode ?....................................................................156
How many Access Points are required in a given area ?...........................156
What is Direct-Sequence Spread Spectrum Technology – (DSSS) ?........156
What is Frequency-hopping Spread Spectrum Technology – (FHSS) ? ...157
Do I need the same kind of antenna on both sides of a link ?....................157
Why the 2.4 Ghz Frequency range ?..........................................................157
What is Server Set ID (SSID) ? .................................................................157
What is an ESSID ?....................................................................................157
How do I secure the data across an Access Point's radio link ?.................158
What is WEP ?...........................................................................................158
What is the difference between 40-bit and 64-bit WEP ?.......................158
What is a WEP key ? ..............................................................................158
A WEP key is a user defined string of characters used to encrypt and
decrypt data ?.............................................................................................158
Can the SSID be encrypted ?..................................................................158
By turning off the broadcast of SSID, can someone still sniff the SSID ?159
What are Insertion Attacks ?......................................................................159
What is Wireless Sniffer ? .........................................................................159
What is the difference between Open System and Shared Key of
Authentication Type ?................................................................................159
What is 802.1x ? ........................................................................................159
What is the difference between No authentication required, No access
allowed and Authentication required ?......................................................160

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What is AAA ?...........................................................................................160
What is RADIUS ?.....................................................................................160
What is WPA ?...........................................................................................160
What is WPA-PSK?...................................................................................161
Trouble Shooting .......................................................................................161
Using Embedded Packet Trace ..........................................................................161
Debug PPPoE Connection .................................................................................176
CLI Command List.....................................................................................187

Prestige 2802HW(L)-Ix Support Notes
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Application Notes
General Application Notes
Internet Connection
A typical Internet access application of the Prestige is shown below. For a small office, there are some
components needs to be checked before accessing the Internet.
•Before you begin
•Setting up the Windows
•Setting up the Prestige router
•Troubleshooting
•Before you begin
The Prestige is shipped with the following factory default:
1. IP address = 192.168.1.1, subnet mask = 255.255.255.0 (24 bits)
2. DHCP server enabled with IP pool starting from 192.168.1.33
3. Default SMT menu password = 1234
•Setting up the PC (Windows OS)
1. Ethernet connection
All PCs must have an Ethernet adapter card installed.

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•If you only have one PC, connect the PC's Ethernet adapter to the Prestige's LAN port with a
crossover (red one) Ethernet cable.
•If you have more than one PC, both the PC's Ethernet adapters and the Prestige's LAN port must
be connected to an external hub with straight Ethernet cable.
2. TCP/IP Installation
You must first install TCP/IP software on each PC before you can use it for Internet access. If you have already
installed TCP/IP, go to the next section to configure it; otherwise, follow these steps to install:
•In the Control Panel/Network window, click Add button.
•In the Select Network Component Type windows, select Protocol and click Add.
•In the Select Network Protocol windows, select Microsoft from the manufacturers, then select
TCP/IP from the Network Protocols and click OK.
3. TCP/IP Configuration
Follow these steps to configure Windows TCP/IP:
•In the Control Panel/Network window, click the TCP/IP entry to select it and click Properties
button.
•In the TCP/IP Properties window, select obtain an IP address automatically.
Note: Do not assign arbitrary IP address and subnet mask to your PCs, otherwise, you will not be able to access
the Internet.
•Click the WINS configuration tab and select Disable WINS Resolution.
•Click the Gateway tab. Highlight any installed gateways and click the Remove button until there
are none listed.
•Click the DNS Configuration tab and select Disable DNS.
•Click OK to save and close the TCP/IP properties window
•Click OK to close the Network window. You will be prompted to insert your Windows CD or disk.
When the drivers are updated, you will be asked if you want to restart the PC. Make sure your
Prestige is powered on before answering Yes to the prompt. Repeat the above steps for each
Windows PC on your network.
•Setting up the Prestige router

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The following procedure is for the most typical usage of the Prestige where you have a single-user account
(SUA). The Prestige supports embedded web server that allows you to use Web browser to configure it. Before
configuring the router using Browser please be sure there is no Telnet or Console login.
1. Retrieve Prestige Web
Please enter the LAN IP address of the Prestige router in the URL location to retrieve the web screen from the
Prestige. The default LAN IP of the Prestige is 192.168.1.1. See the example below. Note that you can either
use http://192.168.1.1
2. Login first
The default password is the default WEB GUI password, '1234'.
3. Configure Prestige for Internet access by using WIZARD SETUP

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The Web screen shown below takes PPPoE as the example.

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Setup the Prestige as a DHCP Relay
•What is DHCP Relay?
DHCP stands for Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol. In addition to the DHCP server feature, the P2802
supports the DHCP relay function. When it is configured as DHCP server, it assigns the IP addresses to the
LAN clients. When it is configured as DHCP relay, it is reponsable for forwarding the requests and responses
negotiating between the DHCP clients and the server. See figure 1.

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•Setup the Prestige as a DHCP Client
1. Toggle the DHCP to Relay in Network>LAN>DHCP Setup and enter the IP address of the DHCP server in
the 'Remote DHCP Server' field.

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Configure an Internal Server Behind SUA
•Introduction
If you wish, you can make internal servers (e.g., Web, ftp or mail server) accessible for outside users, even
though SUA makes your LAN appear as a single machine to the outside world. A service is identified by the
port number. Also, since you need to specify the IP address of a server in the Prestige, a server must have a
fixed IP address and not be a DHCP client whose IP address potentially changes each time it is powered on.
In addition to the servers for specific services, SUA supports a default server. A service request that does not
have a server explicitly designated for it is forwarded to the default server. If the default server is not defined,
the service request is simply discarded.
•Configuration
To make a server visible to the outside world, specify the port number of the service and the inside address of
the server in 'Network>NAT>Port Forwarding', Port Forwarding Configuration. The outside users can access
the local server using the Prestige's
WAN IP address.
•For example (Configuring an internal Web server for outside access) :

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•Port numbers for some services
Service Port Number
FTP 21
Telnet 23
SMTP 25
DNS (Domain Name Server) 53
www-http (Web) 80
Configure a PPTP server Behind SUA
•Introduction
PPTP is a tunneling protocol defined by the PPTP forum that allows PPP packets to be encapsulated within
Internet Protocol (IP) packets and forwarded over any IP network, including the Internet itself.
In order to run the Windows 9x PPTP client, you must be able to establish an IP connection with a tunnel server
such as the Windows NT Server 4.0 Remote Access Server.

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Windows Dial-Up Networking uses the Internet standard Point-to-Point (PPP) to provide a secure,optimized
multiple-protocol network connection over dial-up telephone lines. All data sent over this connection can be
encrypted and compressed, and multiple network level protocols (TCP/IP, NetBEUI and IPX) can be run
correctly. Windows NT Domain Login level security is preserved even across the Internet.
Window98 PPTP Client / Internet / NT RAS Server Protocol Stack
PPTP appears as new modem type (Virtual Private Networking Adapter) that can be selected when setting up a
connection in the Dial-Up Networking folder. The VPN Adapter type does not appear elsewhere in the system.
Since PPTP encapsulates its data stream in the PPP protocol, the VPN requires a second dial-up adapter. This
second dial-up adapter for VPN is added during the installation phase of the Upgrade in addition to the first
dial-up adapter that provides PPP support for the analog or ISDN modem.
The PPTP is supported in Windows NT and Windows 98 already. For Windows 95, it needs to be upgraded by
the Dial-Up Networking 1.2 upgrade.
•Configuration
This application note explains how to establish a PPTP connection with a remote private network in the Prestige
SUA case. In ZyNOS, all PPTP packets can be forwarded to the internal PPTP Server (WinNT server) behind
SUA. The port number of the PPTP has to be Configure in the WEB GUI Network > NAT > Port
Forwarding for Prestige to forward to the appropriate private IP address of Windows NT server.

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•Example
The following example shows how to dial to an ISP via the Prestige and then establish a tunnel to a private
network. There will be three items that you need to set up for PPTP application, these are PPTP server (WinNT),
PPTP client (Win9x) and the Prestige.
oPPTP server setup (WinNT)
Add the VPN service from Control Panel>Network
Add an user account for PPTP logged on user
Enable RAS port
Select the network protocols from RAS such as IPX, TCP/IP NetBEUI
Set the Internet gateway to Prestige
oPPTP client setup (Win9x)
Add one VPN connection from Dial-Up Networking by entering the correct
username & password and the IP address of the Prestige's Internet IP address for
logging to NT RAS server.
Set the Internet gateway to the router that is connecting to ISP
oPrestige router setup
•Before making a VPN connection from Win9x to WinNT server, you need to connect Prestige
router to your ISP first.
•Go to WEB GUI “Network>NAT>Port Forwarding”. Enter the IP address of the PPTP server
(WinNT server) and specify the Service Name for PPTP as shown below.

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When you have finished the above settings, you can ping to the remote Win9x client from
WinNT. This ping command is used to demonstrate that remote the Win9x can be reached across the
Internet. If the Internet connection between two LANs is achieve, you can place a VPN call from the
remote Win9x client.
For example:
C:\ping 203.66.113.2
When a dial-up connection to ISP is established, a default gateway is assigned to the router traffic
through that connection. Therefore, the output below shows the default gateway of the Win9x client
after the dial-up connection has been established.
Before making a VPN connection from the Win9x client to the NT server, you need to know the exact
Internet IP address that the ISP assigns to Prestige router in SUA mode and enter this IP address in the
VPN dial-up dialog box. You can check this Internet IP address from PNC Monitor or WEB GUI Status
page. If the Internet IP address is a fixed IP address provided by ISP in SUA mode, then you can
always use this IP address for reaching the VPN server.
In the following example, the IP address '140.113.1.225' is dynamically assigned by ISP. You must
enter this IP address in the 'VPN Server' dialog box for reaching the PPTP server. After the VPN link is
established, you can start the network protocol application such as IP, IPX and NetBEUI.

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Using NAT / Multi-NAT
•What is Multi-NAT?
NAT (Network Address Translation-NAT RFC 1631) is the translation of an Internet Protocol address used
within one network to a different IP address known within another network. One network is designated the
inside network and the other is the outside . Typically, a company maps its local inside network addresses to one
or more global outside IP addresses and "unmaps" the global IP addresses on incoming packets back into local
IP addresses. The IP addresses for the NAT can be either fixed or dynamically assigned by the ISP. In addition,
you can designate servers, e.g., a web server and a telnet server, on your local network and make them
accessible to the outside world. If you do not define any servers, NAT offers the additional benefit of firewall
protection. In such case, all incoming connections to your network will be filtered out by the Prestige, thus
preventing intruders from probing your network.
The SUA feature that the Prestige supports previously operates by mapping the private IP addresses to a global
IP address. It is only one subset of the NAT. The Prestige with ZyNOS V3.40 supports the most of the features
of the NAT based on RFC 1631, and we call this feature as 'Multi-NAT'. For more information on IP address
translation, please refer to RFC 1631, The IP Network Address Translator (NAT) .
•How NAT works