Advance acoustic SIGMA 9 User manual

Edition 1 / 05_2014User manual

Edition 1 / 03_2014

Thank you for flying ADVANCE.............................4
About ADVANCE .......................................5
SIGMA 9 – Compact Power ...............................6
Other important details ..........................7
Pilot requirements ......................................8
General advice about paragliding ..................8
Using the paraglider.....................................9
Delivery ......................................9
Basic settings .................................9
Adjusting the brake lines .........................9
Speed system with SPI .........................10
Setting up the speed system .....................11
Suitable harnesses.............................12
Weight range .................................14
Flight characteristics ...................................16
Takeof f ......................................16
Normal flight..................................17
Turning flight..................................18
Accelerated flight ..............................18
Collapses ....................................21
Rapid descents ...............................22
Stalling ......................................24
Landing .....................................26
Flying with a wet paraglider ......................28
Winching ....................................28
Acrobatics ...................................29
Maintenance, repairs and care ........................... 31
Packing .....................................31
Care and maintenance..........................31
What to do if the leading edge gets
damaged? ...................................32
Checks......................................32
Repairs......................................32
Disposal .....................................33
Technical details.......................................35
Materials SIGMA 9 .............................36
Certification ..................................37
Service .............................................38
ADVANCE Service Center .......................38
The ADVANCE website..........................38
List of parts ..........................................42
Lineplan.............................................43
Risers ..............................................44
Bowline Knot .........................................45
Contents

Congratulations on your choice of SIGMA 9- a quality product from
ADVANCE. We are sure that you will spend many rewarding hours
in the air with it.
The user manual is an important part of the glider. Here you will
find instructions and important information about safety, care of
the glider and maintenance, and that’s why we recommend that
you read this document carefully before your first flight.
The latest version of this manual as well as further updated infor-
mation can be found at www.advance.ch. Any new safety-related
information will also be published on the website. If you have any
further questions or problems please contact your dealer or get in
touch directly with ADVANCE.
We wish you a lot of enjoyment with your SIGMA 9, and always
«happy landings».
Team ADVANCE
Thank you for flying ADVANCE
4

ADVANCE is a worldwide leading paraglider manufacturer based
in Switzerland. Since its founding in 1988 the company has con-
tinued to follow its own policies and ideas in both development
and production. The result is fully-finished products with distinctive
characteristics.
The team of experts behind the ADVANCE brand share both the
pas- sion for and confidence in their ADVANCE products. At home
in the air themselves, they bring valuable personal experience and
dedication to the workplace.
Thorough checking of the production process and supervision of
the working practices in ADVANCE’s own factory in Vietnam guar-
antee high quality work. A long-standing relationship with cloth and
line manufacturers means that ADVANCE know-how finds its way
directly into the development of new materials.
ADVANCE place great importance on after-sales service, and
have a well-developed worldwide service network. A continuous
exchange of experience with customers keeps new knowledge
flowing in, which has an influence on ADVANCE products – and so
the «Circle of Service»is completed.
About ADVANCE
5

The SIGMA 9 cross country intermediate excels in its maximum
performance and precision. The distinctly compact wing conveys
a feeling of well-inflated strength, especially when accelerated, and
flying in thermally active air. The legendary SIGMA series stands for
both tradition and progress. This ninth generation is again unmista-
kable in handling and design.
Performing
High performance you can use
Comprehensive SIGMA 9 performance is the result of extensive
analysis and perfect finish. The compact setup and high stability
allow its exceptional performance to be used over the complete
polar curve, even in difficult conditions. This means that you can
make the most of the SIGMA 9’s considerable potential to deliver
rewarding flights.
Light
Advantages of reduced weight
The SIGMA 9 is the lightest of its class. At only 4.9 kg (25 size) it
gets close to being a light wing, thanks to the use of high quality
materials and sophisticated design. The SIGMA 9 can be packed
smaller, therefore easier to carry, but the reduced canopy weight
also has beneficial effects on takeoff behaviour, handling and
passive safety.
Legendary
Legendary handling
Ever since the first 1989 model the SIGMA has set the sport class
benchmark with its sporty and lively handling. The SIGMA 9 lives
up to the tradition. Turning is even more direct and precise, es-
pecially when centring a thermal at high angle of attack; and long
brake travel widens the pilot’s margin of safety.
SIGMA 9 – Compact Power
6

Other important details
The SIGMA 9 incorporates the latest technologies, such as double
3D shaping and airflow-efficient air intakes (Scoop), but the small
details have equally been given a lot of attention. Sewn-in tension
straps improve the wing’s stability, and the distinctive winglets
reduce induced drag (vortex-effect). Velcro closures at the wingtips
make it easy to remove debris like sand and snow from the glider.
The SIGMA 9 is made from high quality fabrics, and the ball bea-
rings in the speed system pulleys ensure minimal rolling resistance.
Like all ADVANCE models the SIGMA 9 has swivels on the brake
lines and different sized brake handles depending on the glider
size, with stowing magnets. Light and low-friction brake rings make
for easy-running brake lines.
7

The SIGMA 9 is a high performance intermediate that suits the
experienced thermal pilot who has, at least, already made his first
cross country flights, and who possesses a good feeling for a
glider. He has an active flying style, can recognise and prevent the
onset of trouble, and has no problem with fast descent techniques.
If these conditions are met the performance potential of this glider
can be realised, and the pilot cover the countryside feeling safe
and relaxed.
Intended use
The SIGMA 9 belongs to the «Light aerial sport device» category
with a weight of less than 120kg.
The SIGMA 9 is not certified for two-seater flying.
General advice about paragliding
Flying a paraglider calls for appropriate training and a sound know-
ledge of the subject, as well as, of course, the necessary insurance
cover and licence. A pilot must be able to correctly assess the
weather conditions before taking off. His or her capabilities must
be adequate for the paraglider used. The paraglider pilot is also
required bear a sense of responsibility towards the natural world,
especially regarding the preservation of wildlife and landscape.
Wearing an adequate helmet, suitable boots and clothing, and the
carrying of an emergency parachute are essential. Before every
flight all items of equipment should be checked for damage and
airworthiness. A proper pre-takeoff check must also be carried out.
Every pilot bears sole responsibility for their participation in the
sport of paragliding. Neither the manufacturer nor the seller of a
paraglider can guarantee or be held responsible for the pilot’s
safety.
Pilot requirements
8

Delivery
Every ADVANCE paraglider has to be flown by the dealer before
delivery to check for correct settings and trim. The dealer finally
enters the date of the first flight on the type placard fastened
on a rib at the centre of the wing. This entry together with your
completed warranty form ensures that deficiencies in the product,
due the manufacturer, are covered by the ADVANCE warranty. See
‘Warranty’ in the «Service» section.
Delivery of a SIGMA 9 includes a COMFORTPACK 2 rucksack,
an inner bag, a compression strap, a repair kit, speedlines with
speedbar, a mini-windsock in the wing colours and a «Getting
Started» booklet.
Basic settings
At delivery the basic set up of the SIGMA 9 will be the original
trim situation that the ADVANCE test team found to be best.
Certification was also gained in this condition. Any alterations or
changes to the paraglider, such as altering the line lengths or fitting
different risers or quicklinks, will result in a loss of the glider’s certi-
fication. See section «Certification».
Adjusting the brake lines
The length of the brake lines has been set at the factory so that,
with hands fully up, the trailing edge remains unbraked in accele-
rated flight – (no crease in the wing). Basically, this setting should
be kept.
If the brake line length does have to be reset there should be 8 -10
cm (depending on the glider size) of initial free brake line movement
between the brakes fully released position in unaccelerated flight,
and that point where the lines first affect the trailing edge. We re-
commend a bowline knot for attaching the handles. See illustration
in the appendix.
Using the paraglider
9

Speed system with SPI
The SIGMA 9 has a speed system with a Speed-Performance-
Indicator (SPI), which reads off against 3 positions on the backs of
the risers. The red markers on the speed system enable a precise
speed bar position to be set to suit the in-flight situation.
Best gliding to the next thermal needs an on-going choice of
speed to fly, depending on the current values of headwind, expec-
ted next climb rate, and the rate of sink.
Thanks to its high stability the SIGMA 9 can be flown in accelerated
condition in light turbulence without problem. The choice of ac-
celerated speed for best glide does play an important role for this
high performance glider.
Each of the SIGMA 9 SPI positions has an icon with a value for
headwind, expected climb and sink rate. These indicated positions
are effective for only one of their three values, taken in isolation –
considered by itself. This means that either the headwind, or the
expected rate of climb, or the sink rate applies to that position. The
SPI principle is based on the simple (using headwind and sink) and
the extended (including expected climb rate) McReady Speed-To-
Fly theory.
Example SIGMA 9 / 25
Position neutral
Position 30%
Position 80%
10

1
Caution: Even though the SIGMA 9 has a high degree of
stability in accelerated flight you should only use as much
speedbar as you feel comfortable with.
Setting up the speed system
The SIGMA 9 speed system can, with the help of the SPI, be
adjusted so that the whole speed system travel can be used. The
system is correctly set when pushing the first speed step gives you
the 30% position, and pushing the second achieves 80% acce-
lerate. Both toes fully extended should then reach 100% (pulleys
touching ).
If, by setting the speed bar line lengths, a first adjustment of the
speed system for leg length and harness does not result in the set-
up described above, fine adjustment is possible by changing the
two-stage settings on the risers. By moving the knots which locate
the gear change balls 1 (see illustration) the speed system travel
and loading can be adjusted.
Example: If the knots are moved downwards the changeover
from the 3:1 ratio to 2:1 occurs earlier, raising the loading
but shortening the total travel. Conversely, moving the knots
upwards delays the gear change, and lengthens the total
travel of the speed bar.
11

The SIGMA 9 speed system is arranged so that the profile shape
of the wing is fully retained over the angle-of-attack range of the
speed system. This maintains the beneficial qualities of the profile
at high speeds.
Caution: The speed system is correctly adjusted when you
can use the full travel available on the risers. Make certain
that the speed lines are not set too short, thus causing the
wing to be pre-accelerated all the time.
Suitable harnesses
Basically the SIGMA 9 can be flown with any harness that does not
have rigid cross bracing (see section «Certification»).
The chosen harness should ideally have a carabiner distance of ca.
45 cm and a support height of between 40 and 48 cm.
Info: Experience has proved the theory – a streamlined
harness can significantly improve gliding performance.
The SIGMA 9 was specially trimmed for use with a streamlined har-
ness. For this reason we recommend a harness with speedbag in
order to get the best out of the SIGMA 9’s great performance. The
ADVANCE IMPRESS or LIGHTNESS harness is particularly suitable
since the SIGMA 9 was designed and tested with them in mind.
12

13

Weight range
The weight ranges for the different wing sizes are listed in the
«Technical Data» section. The figures given there refer to total take-
off weight. This includes the pilot’s body weight including clothing,
as well as the weight of all the equipment (paraglider, harness,
instruments, etc. – everything that’s going to fly).
Flying at the lower or upper limits of the weight range can affect
the flying characteristics of the wing, without, however, com-
promising your safety. The SIGMA 9’s performance remains the
same whether flying in its lower or upper weight region. When the
SIGMA 9 is flown in its upper weight area, the higher wing loading
produces a higher trim speed, and a more dynamic and agile flying
character.
Tip: ADVANCE recommend that the SIGMA 9 is flown in the
middle to the upper part of its recommended weight range.
14

70 80 90 100 110 120 130
60 kg
SIGMA 9 / 23 // 60 – 85 kg
38 km/h 39 km/h 40 km/h
38 km/h 39 km/h 40 km/h
SIGMA 9 / 25 // 75 – 100 kg
38 km/h 39 km/h 40 km/h
SIGMA 9 / 27 // 90 – 115 kg
38 km/h 39 km/h 40 km/h
SIGMA 9 / 29 // 105 – 130 kg
15

We recommend that you make your first flights with your new glider
in quiet conditions, in a familiar flying area. A few pull-ups at an ea-
sy site will give you confidence in the SIGMA 9’s handling qualities,
from the very beginning.
Takeoff
Before every takeoff carry out the following pre-takeoff checks:
1. Harness and helmet done up, reserve OK?
2. Lines free?
3. Canopy open?
4. Wind direction and strength assessed?
5. Airspace and field-of-view clear?
The SIGMA 9 takeoff behaviour is very smooth and easy for both
forward and reverse takeoffs. The canopy inflates quickly and rises
progressively, without hanging back or shooting in front.
Because the SIGMA 9 rises very easily it is very important to match
the pull-up impulse to the conditions. This means:
§In a lot of wind and/or on a steep slope the SIGMA 9 needs little
or almost no pull-up impulse.
§In calm conditions and/or flat land a relaxed pull-up makes
sense.
The SIGMA 9 has split A risers. We recommend that you use all the
A risers for takeoff. The SIGMA 9 inflates reliably from the middle
out, and rises very straight with little exertion.
Tip: Before takeoff get your canopy into the right shape. Do
this while sorting the lines, by pulling the brake lines in until
you have the perfect curved shape.
Info: You can also use the inner A lines for an SIGMA 9
takeoff, but handling is easier using all the A risers.
Takeoff in light wind (forward takeoff )
The SIGMA 9 only needs a moderate pull-up impulse even in a
light wind. It is not necessary to step back and ‘run’ into the lines.
Guide the glider up with pronounced leaning forward, but without
too much of a pull on the A-risers, until the canopy is overhead.
During the pull-up phase any correcting should only be done by
decisive going-under-the-wing, without using the brakes. After any
necessary correcting and a satisfactory visual check a few deter-
mined steps with good leaning forward will achieve lift off, even in
little wind.
Info: A SIGMA 9 takeoff is exceptionally easy to do. Match
your efforts (as described in the section ”Takeoff“ ) to the
wind conditions and takeoff slope.
Flight characteristics
16

Takeoff in stronger wind (reverse takeoff)
The reverse takeoff is mainly recommended for stronger winds.
During the pull-up you should walk towards the SIGMA 9 as neces-
sary. Turning round and taking off with the SIGMA 9 will then prove
to be easy.
Tip: Playing with the glider on flat ground in some wind gives
a good feeling for the wing. You can get to know the SIGMA
9’s characteristics very well, and try out takeoffs, stalling,
shooting forward tendency and collapses – while remaining
safely on the ground. The ADVANCE test team have a
motto: one hour ground training is worth 10 high flights. N.B:
Ground handling practice can increase wear on your glider.
Info: The SIGMA 9 is very easy to take off. Just as for the
forward takeoff you should also suit your pull-up impulse
to the wind and slope when making a reverse pull-up (as
described in section “Takeoff”).
Normal flight
In calm air the SIGMA 9 best glide is achieved with fully released
brakes. Light braking brings the glider to its minimum sink condi-
tion. When flying into a headwind, through descending air, or when
proceeding to the next thermal, glide performance will be distinctly
improved by appropriate use of the speed system. The SPI helps
you do this. See section “Speed-Performance-Indicator (SPI)”.
Despite the wing’s high stability an active flying style is recommen-
ded – collapses can be almost completely avoided. This means
keeping the lightly-braked glider directly above you, in other words,
countering roll and pitch disturbances.
§When the angle of attack increases (flying into a thermal; wing
swings back) the brake lines should be temporarily released fully,
until the glider returns to its overhead position.
§When the angle of attack reduces (glider dives forwards, pilot
swings back) the wing should briefly be braked more.
17

Be careful not to get below minimum speed, and don’t overreact
with the brakes.
Turning flight
The SIGMA 9 has short and precise brake travel when steering. It
responds very directly and progressively to increasing steering
inputs, as soon as brake line free travel has been taken up. Active
weight shift effectively assists steering. Angle of bank can always
be increased, stabilised or reduced by brake line load.
The SIGMA 9 makes a very agreeable companion in thermals. You
do not have to correct for large pitching movements, and this im-
proves your climbing behaviour – and therefore your performance
– significantly. When thermalling, choose the desired angle of bank
and corresponding radius, and try to let the glider turn steadily at
this attitude. Outside brake should be used to steady the wing tip
and, in particular, control the rate of turn. Anything stronger will
slow the wingtip down and lose the glider’s good steering qualities.
A harness specifically designed to match the flying characteristics
of the SIGMA 9 helps you to initialise and stabilise turns of this
type, which should be as even as possible. See also section
«Suitable harnesses».
Caution: To keep good manoeuvrability make sure to fly your
SIGMA 9 with enough airspeed while turning in thermals –
not too much outside brake.
Tip: If a brake line breaks you can steer the SIGMA 9 using
the C risers.
Accelerated flight
The SIGMA 9 wing remains extremely stable even in accelerated
flight. However, paragliders operate at a lower angle of attack while
flying at their higher speeds, and the degree of stability is gene-
rally reduced. The higher aerodynamic forces involved at higher
airspeeds mean that a collapse can be more dynamic (see also
section «Collapses»).
When encountering severe turbulence while flying accelerated
release the speedbar fully before applying the necessary stabilising
brake. The SIGMA 9’s high degree of structural stability allows
it to be flown in normally turbulent air while accelerated. Active
speedbar should be employed for adjusting angle of attack under
these conditions, instead of brake. Pitch attitude disturbances can
be minimised in this way, and optimal glide performance can be
maintained. See also section «Speed system with SPI».
18

§when the angle of attack increases ( e.g. wing pitches back when
entering lift ), the speed bar is briefly pressed harder
§when the angle of attack decreases (e.g. wing pitches forward ),
the speed bar is released
Caution: Even though the SIGMA 9 is very stable in acce-
lerated flight you should only use as much speedbar as you
feel happy with.
Tip: Make sure that brake is not applied at the same time
as speed bar, otherwise you will find yourself in the worst
possible gliding situation, without gaining any advantage.
Tip: Always choose a suitable speed for best glide taking
into account the actual headwind, sink rate (descending air)
and expected next climb.
19

20