COMBA RD-9120 Technical Document

EQUIPMENT MANUAL FOR RD-9120
RD-9120 QE Copyright - refer to title page Page 1
ENU Status : 1-0-0
RD-9120
GSM900 BANDWIDTH ADJUSTABLE
REPEATER
EQUIPMENT MANUAL
The information contained herein is the
responsibility of and is approved by the
following, to whom all enquiries should
be directed in the first instance:
International Documentation Centre
Comba Telecom
This is an unpublished work the copyright in which vests in Comba International ("Comba"). All rights reserved.
The information contained herein is confidential and the property of Comba and is supplied without liability for errors or
omissions. No part may be reproduced, disclosed or used except as authorised by contract or other written permission. The
copyright and the foregoing restriction on reproduction and use extend to all media in which the information may be embodied.

EQUIPMENT MANUAL FOR RD-9120
RD-9120 QE Copyright - refer to title page Page 2
ENU Status : 1-0-0
0.2 CONTENTS
Section Page
0.2 CONTENTS ...........................................................................................................................2
0.3 INDEX TO FIGURES AND TABLES .....................................................................................4
0.4 HISTORY ...............................................................................................................................5
0.5 ISSUE CONTROL..................................................................................................................6
0.6 REFERENCES ......................................................................................................................7
0.7 GLOSSARY OF TERMS........................................................................................................8
0.8 SAFETY NOTICES AND ADMONISHMENTS ......................................................................9
0.9 SERVICING POLICY AND RETURN OF EQUIPMENT......................................................10
0.10 READERS COMMENTS......................................................................................................11
1GENERAL INFORMATION..................................................................................................12
2EQUIPMENT DESCRIPTION..............................................................................................14
2.1 RD-9120 FUNCTIOANAL BLOCK DIAGRAM.....................................................................14
2.2 EQUIPMENT LAYOUT ........................................................................................................14
2.3 MANUFACTURING ENTITIES ............................................................................................17
2.4 KIT OF PARTS.....................................................................................................................17
2.5 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS .........................................................................................18
2.5.1 ELECTRICAL AND POWER ...............................................................................................18
2.5.2 OPERATION & MAINTENANCE .........................................................................................19
3INSTALLATION ...................................................................................................................20
3.1 WARNINGS AND ALERTS..................................................................................................20
3.2 SITE PLANNING CONSIDERATIONS ................................................................................21
3.2.1 REPEATER INSTALLATION CHECKLIST..........................................................................22
3.2.2 ANTENNA INSTALLATION CONSIDERATION..................................................................22
3.3 INSTALLATION PROCEDURES.........................................................................................23
3.3.1 GOODS INWARDS INSPECTION ......................................................................................23
3.3.2 TOOLS .................................................................................................................................23
3.3.3 PREPARATION ...................................................................................................................23
3.4 MOUNTING OPTIONS ........................................................................................................24
3.4.1 MOUNTING RACK ..............................................................................................................24
3.4.2 WALL MOUNTING DETAILS ..............................................................................................25
3.4.3 POLE MOUNTING DETAILS...............................................................................................26
3.4.4 DRIP-LOOP .........................................................................................................................26
3.4.5 EQUIPMENT CONNECTIONS............................................................................................27
4COMMISSIONING ...............................................................................................................29
4.1 MCU LED INDICATORS......................................................................................................29
4.2 EQUIPMENT POWER-UP...................................................................................................29
4.3 OMT .....................................................................................................................................30
4.4 NON-VOLATILE MEMORY .................................................................................................30
4.5 PREPARATION FOR REMOTE CONNECTION OF OMT USING WIRELESS MODEM ..31
4.6 PHYSICAL CONNECTION OF OMT TO EQUIPMENT ......................................................31
4.7 LOCAL COMMISSIONING ..................................................................................................32
4.7.1 DESCRIPTION OF PARAMETERS ....................................................................................35
4.8 COMMISSIONING PROCEDURES ....................................................................................39
4.9 REMOTE MONITORING USING OMC ...............................................................................40
5OPERATION........................................................................................................................41
6MAINTENANCE...................................................................................................................42

EQUIPMENT MANUAL FOR RD-9120
RD-9120 QE Copyright - refer to title page Page 3
ENU Status : 1-0-0
7APPENDICES......................................................................................................................43
7.1 APPENDIX A: TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT FOR INSTALLATION.......................................43
7.2 APPENDIX B: VSWR – RETURN LOSS TABLE ................................................................43
7.3 APPENDIX C: UPLINK ATT AND NOISE LEVEL ...............................................................43
7.4 APPENDIX D: INSTALLATION OF OMT ............................................................................44
7.4.1 ENVIRONMENT FOR OMT OPERATION ..........................................................................44
7.4.2 INSTLLATION OF OMT.......................................................................................................45
7.4.3 INSTALLING RD-9120 COMPONENT ................................................................................47
7.4.4 RD-9120 COMPONENT UN-INSTALLATION.....................................................................48
7.4.5 OMT EXPLORER UN-INSTALLATION ...............................................................................48
7.5 APPENDIX E: OMT EXPLORER V2.10 INTRODUCTION .................................................49
7.5.1 PULL DOWN MENU ............................................................................................................50
7.5.2 TOOLBAR ............................................................................................................................50
7.6 APPENDIX F: CHANNEL NUMBER AND FREQUENCY TABLE.......................................51
7.7 APPENDIX G: RMA (RETURN MATERIAL AUTHORIZATION) FORM .............................56

EQUIPMENT MANUAL FOR RD-9120
RD-9120 QE Copyright - refer to title page Page 4
ENU Status : 1-0-0
0.3 INDEX TO FIGURES AND TABLES
Figure 1: Front, side and bottom views of the equipment ............................................................................ 13
Figure 2: RD-9120 functional block diagram................................................................................................ 14
Figure 3: Front view of equipped product..................................................................................................... 14
Figure 4: Couplers diagrams ........................................................................................................................ 15
Figure 5: Mounting rack dimensions ............................................................................................................ 24
Figure 6: Wall mounting overview ................................................................................................................ 25
Figure 7: Pole mounting overview ................................................................................................................ 26
Figure 8: Equipment connections................................................................................................................. 27
Figure 9: Location of MCU and LEDs .......................................................................................................... 29
Figure 10: Wireless modem ......................................................................................................................... 31
Figure 11: OMT explorer window ................................................................................................................. 32
Figure 12: OMT screenshot - connection to the equipment.........................................................................33
Figure 13: OMT screenshot - communication setup .................................................................................... 33
Figure 14: OMT main window - online ok..................................................................................................... 34
Figure 15: Alarm parameters........................................................................................................................ 37
Figure 16: OMT software installation window .............................................................................................. 45
Figure 17: Components selective window.................................................................................................... 45
Figure 18: Installation of OMT explorer completed ...................................................................................... 46
Figure 19: Installation of RD-9120 component completed........................................................................... 47
Figure 20: RD-9120 component unistallation - confirmation........................................................................ 48
Figure 21: OMT Explorer uninstallation - acknowledgement ....................................................................... 48
Table 1: RD-9120 variants ........................................................................................................................... 12
Table 2: RD-9120 Manufacturing Entities .................................................................................................... 17
Table 3: RD-9120 KOP ................................................................................................................................ 17
Table 4: Electrical specifications .................................................................................................................. 18
Table 5: Management of RD-9120 ............................................................................................................... 19
Table 6: Repeater Installation checklist ....................................................................................................... 22
Table 7: Antenna installation checklist ......................................................................................................... 22
Table 8: LEDs on MCU ................................................................................................................................ 29
Table 9: Management - Network Parameters ............................................................................................ 35
Table 10: Management - RF parameters ..................................................................................................... 36
Table 11: Management - Alarm list .............................................................................................................. 37
Table 12: Commissioning procedures.......................................................................................................... 39
Table 13: Alarms diagnosis .......................................................................................................................... 41

EQUIPMENT MANUAL FOR RD-9120
RD-9120 QE Copyright - refer to title page Page 5
ENU Status : 1-0-0
0.4 HISTORY
Change No. ENU Details Of Change
1 1-0-0 Created and issued in June 2006
Updated base product name: RD-9120 = R-9110AC

EQUIPMENT MANUAL FOR RD-9120
RD-9120 QE Copyright - refer to title page Page 6
ENU Status : 1-0-0
0.5 ISSUE CONTROL
Date 24
Jun
06
Section
All All

EQUIPMENT MANUAL FOR RD-9120
RD-9120 QE Copyright - refer to title page Page 7
ENU Status : 1-0-0
0.6 REFERENCES
0.6.1 R-9110AC QE 1-2-0 Equipment manual created for product variants
on the product list plus product variant of 1W
model and released in Jan 2006.
0.6.2 R-9110 AC datasheet
Issue: B
Datasheet for product variant of 1W released
on 7 April 2005.
0.6.3 RD-9120 DS 3-1-0 Datasheet for product variants on the product
list issued by product manager on 9 March
2006.

EQUIPMENT MANUAL FOR RD-9120
RD-9120 QE Copyright - refer to title page Page 8
ENU Status : 1-0-0
0.7 GLOSSARY OF TERMS
Abbreviation Definition
ALC Automatic Level Control
ATT Attenuation
BS Base Station
BTS Base Transceiver Station
CH Channel
dB Decibel
dBm Decibels relative to 1 milliwatt
DL Downlink
DT Donor Terminal
DPX Duplexer
EEPROM Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory
FS Frequency Selector
GSM Global Standard for Mobile Communication
Hz Hertz
ID Identification
LNA Low Noise Amplifier
MCU Main Control Unit
MHz Megahertz
MT Mobile Terminal
MTBF Mean Time Between Failures
NC Normally Closed
NF Noise Figure
NO Normally Open
OMC Operation & Maintenance Center
OMT Operation & Maintenance Terminal
PLL Phase Locked Loop
PSU Power Supply Unit
RF Radio Frequency
SIM Subscriber Identification Module
SMA Sub-Miniature A Connector (coaxial cable connector type)
SMS Short Message Service
UL Uplink
VAC Volts Alternating Current
VDC Volts Direct Current
VSWR Voltage Standing Wave Ratio

EQUIPMENT MANUAL FOR RD-9120
RD-9120 QE Copyright - refer to title page Page 9
ENU Status : 1-0-0
0.8 SAFETY NOTICES AND ADMONISHMENTS
This document contains safety notices in accordance with appropriate standards. In the interests of
conformity with the territory standards for the country concerned, the equivalent territorial admonishments
are also shown.
Any installation, adjustment, maintenance and repair of the equipment must only be carried out by trained,
authorised personnel. At all times, personnel must comply with any safety notices and instructions.
Specific hazards are indicated by symbol labels on or near the affected parts of the equipment. The labels
conform to international standards, are triangular in shape, and are coloured black on a yellow background.
An informative text label may accompany the symbol label.
Hazard labelling is supplemented by safety notices in the appropriate equipment manual. These notices
contain additional information on the nature of the hazard and may also specify precautions.
Warning:
These draw the attention of personnel to hazards which may cause death or injury to the operator or
others. Examples of use are cases of high voltage, laser emission, toxic substances, point of high
temperature, etc.
Alert:
These draw the attention of personnel to hazards which may cause damage to the equipment. An example
of use is the case of static electricity hazard.
Caution notices may also be used in the handbook to draw attention to matters that do not constitute a risk
of causing damage to the equipment but where there is a possibility of seriously impairing its performance,
e.g. by mishandling or gross maladjustment. Warnings and Cautions within the main text do not
incorporate labels and may be in shortened form.

EQUIPMENT MANUAL FOR RD-9120
RD-9120 QE Copyright - refer to title page Page 10
ENU Status : 1-0-0
0.9 SERVICING POLICY AND RETURN OF EQUIPMENT
The repair of individual units and modules of this equipment is not considered practicable without factory
facilities. It is, therefore, the policy of Comba whereby faulty units or modules are returned to the local
agent for repair.
To enable an efficient, prompt after sales service to be provided for the diagnosis, repair and return of any
faulty equipment, please comply with the following requirements.
Items to be sent for repair should be packaged so as to provide both electrostatic and physical protection
and a Repair Material Authorization (a sample of this form is in the appendix) completed giving the
required information
This request must be included with the item for repair, items for repair should be sent to the nearest
Comba office:
COMBA TELECOM SYSTEMS, LTD.
Hong Kong Office
Address: Room 1503-10 Delta House, 3 On Yiu Street, Shatin, Hong Kong.
Tel: + 852 2636 6861
Fax: + 852 2637 0966
Email: [email protected]
Singapore office
Address: 865 Mountbatten Road #05-43, Katong Shopping Centre, Singapore 449408
Tel: + 65 6345 4908
Fax: + 65 6345 1186
Email: [email protected]
Sweden Office
Address: Comba Telecom Systems AB, Gustavslundsvagen 147, S- 167 51 Bromma,
Stockholm, Sweden
Tel: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
Email: [email protected]
China R&D and Manufacturing Base
Address: No.6, Jinbi Road, Guangzhou Economic and Technological Development District,
Guangzhou, China.
Tel: + 86 20 8222 5788
Fax: + 86 20 8222 6121
Email: [email protected]

EQUIPMENT MANUAL FOR RD-9120
RD-9120 QE Copyright - refer to title page Page 11
ENU Status : 1-0-0
0.10 READERS COMMENTS
Whilst every endeavour is made to ensure the accuracy of this and all Comba documents, there is always
the possibility that an inaccuracy or omission could occur.
In order that any amendment/remedial action can be carried out promptly, we would appreciate your co–
operation in filling out and returning a photocopy of this customer reply sheet as soon as possible.
Customer Information:
Name
Title
Company
Date
Address
Telephone Number
Customer Comments:
Equipment title
ENU 1-0-0
Page number
Paragraph number
Line number
Figure number
Details of inaccuracies
Other comments
Contact points:
International Documentation Centre
E-mail: [email protected]
FAX: [phone]
End of section

EQUIPMENT MANUAL FOR RD-9120
RD-9120 QE Copyright - refer to title page Page 12
ENU Status : 1-0-0
1 GENERAL INFORMATION
The RD-9120 outdoor bandwidth adjustable repeater is designed for outdoor operation in the GSM900
band. Band-specific linear amplifier and filtering effectively amplifies the desired BTS carrier and provides
superior out-of-band rejection. Typical units incorporate up to 24.6MHz filter bandwidth with frequencies
programmed to specific requirements of the network.
Remote configuration and surveillance is possible through Comba’s remote control and monitoring system,
via PC or wireless modem to the OMC. Li-ion backup battery built in enclosure ensures alarm signals are
sent out while power is down.The RD-9120 comes in a sealed, cast aluminum chassis, suitable for all
weather conditions.
Main features of RD-9120:
zBandwidth adjustable from 2 to 24.6MHz.
zAutomatic control for self-oscillation caused by a low isolation between DT and MT antennas.
zIntegrated GSM wireless modem for remote configuration, monitoring and control.
zInternal backup battery keeps the alarm unit running for up to three hours after power failure.
zOptional OMC is available for remote operation and maintenance of repeaters.
zDesigned for all weather outdoor installation– waterproof, damp-proof and omni-sealed (IP65).
The RD-9120 has the following variants:
Part Number Total Output Power
RD9120-02V25P30G25A22M01 30 dBm (1W)
RD9120-02V25P33G25A22M01 33 dBm (2W)
RD9120-02V25P40G25A22M01 40 dBm (10W)
Table 1: RD-9120 variants
In this manual, we will use the OMT screenshot of the variant having 40 output power per channel as an
example to introduce the commissioning and monitoring functions.

EQUIPMENT MANUAL FOR RD-9120
RD-9120 QE Copyright - refer to title page Page 13
ENU Status : 1-0-0
Shown below are the mechanical drawings of RD-9120 enclosure.
195450
600
Figure 1: Front, side and bottom views of the equipment
End of section

EQUIPMENT MANUAL FOR RD-9120
RD-9120 QE Copyright - refer to title page Page 14
ENU Status : 1-0-0
2 EQUIPMENT DESCRIPTION
2.1 RD-9120 FUNCTIOANAL BLOCK DIAGRAM
LNA1
LNA2
Mobile
Ant
Donor
Ant
Mobile
Power
Supply
Alarm
Indicator Main Control Unit
External
Power
OMT
Li-ion
BATT
Modem
DT MT
OMT
Computer with
Data card
Wireless
Modem
OMC
PA1
PA2
DL Frequency
Selective Module
UL Frequency
Selective Module
BTS
Figure 2: RD-9120 functional block diagram
2.2 EQUIPMENT LAYOUT
Lock
UL FS
DPX
DT MT
PSU
Surge
protector
DL LNA UL LNA
Li-ion
battery
Distribution board
MCU
DPX
UL PA DL FS
Wireless modem
GND GND
DL PA
RS232
MT
coupler
DT
coupler
Figure 3: Front view of equipped product

EQUIPMENT MANUAL FOR RD-9120
RD-9120 QE Copyright - refer to title page Page 15
ENU Status : 1-0-0
Typical RD-9120 unit consists of the following components:
Low Noise Amplifier (LNA):
One Low Noise Amplifier (LNA) is installed in each UL/DL branch. The repeater UL/DL ATT value
corresponds individually to UL/DL LNA gain.
Frequency Selector (FS):
The FS is used to select the demand carriers and reject unwanted signals effectively.
Duplexer (DPX):
The DPX is located towards the DT and MT connections, used to combine/divide the uplink and downlink
signals.
Main Control Unit (MCU):
The MCU is used to monitor and control the operation parameters of the repeater and provides
telecommunication interface for remote control and indicator. LED indicators (L1~L4) indicate the
respective operation status.
Coupler
There is one coupler located towards DT connection and MT connection. On the DT coupler there is one -
30dB coupling port and one -20dB coupling port. The -30dB coupling port is used to check downlink
signals from BS or uplink signals retransmitted by the repeater. The -20dB coupling port is used to connect
to wireless modem to transmit remote control signals.
On the MT coupler there is also one -30dB coupling port and is used to check uplink signals from mobile
antenna or downlink signals retransmitted by the repeater.
OUT
To DT ANT
DT coupler
To DPX
-30dB
To MT ANT
MT coupler
-20dB
IN
IN
-30dB
OUT
To DPX
Figure 4: Couplers diagrams

EQUIPMENT MANUAL FOR RD-9120
RD-9120 QE Copyright - refer to title page Page 16
ENU Status : 1-0-0
Power Supply Unit (PSU):
The PSU converts the input 220VAC into stable DC to supply power to FS, PA, LNA, MCU and to charge
Li-ion battery.
Surge protector:
The surge protector is mounted next to the PSU. Within it there are three connections: 220V VAC Live,
Neutral and ground. This provides protection to the PSU. It is assumed the antenna system will have
ample lightning protection themselves. On the top of each surge protector is a little window, beneath which
is a coloured indicator, ‘Green’ indicate protection is available, and in the event of a fault, these will turn to
‘Black’, and has to be replaced.
When the equipment is DC powered, no surge protector is required.
Wireless Modem:
The wireless modem is mounted adjacent to the MCU. It has connection of RF, data and power. It is used
for remote control and the MCU sends out alarms to the repeater OMC via the wireless modem. On the
modem there is an indicator LED to show modem status.
Li-ion Battery:
The Li-ion battery-pack is enclosed within a plastic cover and provides back-up supply to the MCU for up
to three hours in the event of mains failure.
Distribution Board:
The distribution board serves as a distributor for power and internal communication and connectivities to
the function modules, MCU, RS232 port for local control.

EQUIPMENT MANUAL FOR RD-9120
RD-9120 QE Copyright - refer to title page Page 17
ENU Status : 1-0-0
2.3 MANUFACTURING ENTITIES
RD-9120 is composed of modules with the following identifiers.
Identification Code Description
PA-4250CSS00D Downlink power amplifier
PA-4250CSS00U Uplink power amplifier
FB-C947.5B25SS06 Downlink frequency selector
FB-C902.5B25SS06 Uplink frequency selector
LA-1439C1SS01 Low noise amplifier
FD-U902.5D947.5B25SS01/03 Duplexer
RC-5SK/SK/SK-30C DT coupler
RC-5SK/SK/SK-20C MT coupler
R-9110AC1-M1 Main control unit
R-9110AC1-BB Distribution board
WM02-G900 Wireless modem
PC222435A-1 (26V) AC Power Supply Unit - standard
PD-482435A-2 48V DC Power Supply Unit - option
PD-242638A 24V DC Power Supply Unit - option
3.6V/1300mAh ×6 Li-ion battery assembly
V20-C/2 AC Surge protector
n/a DC Surge protector
Table 2: RD-9120 Manufacturing Entities
2.4 KIT OF PARTS
Product Identifier Description Qty.
R-9122C8-5140/1 Mounting rack (kit) 1
M10x110 Masonry bolt for pole mounting 4
M10x85x110 U bolt for pole mounting 2
5.5mm Allen key 1
R-9122C/R-9122AC (Marked ‘9122) RS-232 cable 1
Label “9122” Key 2
6.3A, 220VAC Replacement fuse for AC PSU 2
15A, 24/48VDC Replacement fuse for DC PSU 2
RD-9120 QE 1-0-0 This Manual 1
V2.10 OMT Explorer software
V1.00 or above OMT software (component) 1
Table 3: RD-9120 KOP

EQUIPMENT MANUAL FOR RD-9120
RD-9120 QE Copyright - refer to title page Page 18
ENU Status : 1-0-0
2.5 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
2.5.1 ELECTRICAL AND POWER
Model 1W 2W 10W
Electrical
Frequency Range, Uplink MHz 890 – 915
Frequency Range, Downlink MHz 935 – 960
Maximum System Gain dB 92 ±2
Gain Adjustment Range (1dB step) dB 0 – 30
Operating Bandwidth MHz 2 – 24.6
Total Output Power dBm 30 ±1 33 ±1 40 ±1
Downlink 3rd Order Intercept, OIP3 dBm ≥54 ≥55 ≥54
Pass Band Ripple, p-p dB ≤4
System Noise Figure at Maximum Gain dB ≤5
System Group Delay µsec ≤6
Offset ≥400KHz ≤50
Offset ≥600KHz ≤40
Offset ≥1MHz ≤35
Out-of-band Gain at
System Gain ≤80 dB
Offset ≥5MHz
dBm
≤25
9 KHz –1GHz dBm ≤-36
Spurious 1GHz – 12.75 GHz dBm ≤-30
Input VSWR ≤1.5
Absolute Maximum RF Input Power dBm +10
Impedance Ω50
Power, Mechanical & Environmental
Dimensions, H x W x D mm 600 x 450 x 195
Weight (approx.) kg 37
Power Consumption W 130 130 150
VAC 176 – 264 / 47 – 63Hz
Power Supply VDC +24 or -48
MCU Battery Backup Time (approx.) hr 3
Power Up Waiting Time (approx.) sec 60
Enclosure Cooling Convection
RF Connectors N-Female
Operating Temperature °C -40 to +55
Operating Humidity % ≤95
Environmental Class IP65
MTBF hr
>50,000
Typical specification at room temperature
Table 4: Electrical specifications

EQUIPMENT MANUAL FOR RD-9120
RD-9120 QE Copyright - refer to title page Page 19
ENU Status : 1-0-0
2.5.2 OPERATION & MAINTENANCE
Local Monitoring Feature PC via RS232
Remote Data Transfer Integrated wireless modem (data or SMS), OMC
(optional)
Local and Remote Controlled Parameters
Channel No., ATT, PW On/Off, Oscillation On/Off, Over-
Temp Threshold, UL/DL Output Power Low Threshold,
DL Input Power Low Threshold, Alarm Report Enable
Local and Remote Monitored Parameters
Alarms (LNA, PA, PLL unlock, Power Down, Power
Fault, Chassis Lock, Self oscillation, DL Input Power
Low, Over Temp, UL/DL Output Power Low), UL/DL
Output Power, DL Input Power
Table 5: Management of RD-9120
End of section

EQUIPMENT MANUAL FOR RD-9120
RD-9120 QE Copyright - refer to title page Page 20
ENU Status : 1-0-0
3 INSTALLATION
3.1 WARNINGS AND ALERTS
Radio Frequency energies
There may be situations, particularly workplace environments near high- powered RF sources, where
recommended limits for safe exposure of human beings to RF energy could be exceeded. In such cases,
restrictive measures or actions may be necessary to ensure the safe use of RF energy.
High voltage
The equipment have been designed and constructed as to prevent as far as reasonably practicable
danger. Any work activity on or near equipment involving installation, operation or maintenance must be as
far as reasonably free from danger.
Where there is a risk of damage to electrical systems involving adverse weather, extreme temperatures,
wet, corrosive or dirty conditions, flammable or explosive atmospheres than the system must be suitably
installed to prevent danger.
Protective Earthing
Equipment provided for the purpose of protecting individuals from electrical risk must be suitable for the
purpose and properly maintained and used.
Handling Percautions
This covers a range of activities including lifting, lowering, pushing, pulling, carrying, moving, holding or
restraining an object, animal or person from the equipment. It also covers activities which require the use
of force or effort such as pulling a lever, or operating power tools.
ESD
Observe standard precautions for handling ESD-sensitive devices. Assume that all solid-state electronic
devices are ESD-sensitive. Ensure use of a grounded wriststrap or equivalent while working with ESD-
sensitive devices. Transport, store, and handle ESD-sensitive devices in static-safe environments.