Dragino LoRaWAN LiDAR ToF User manual

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LoRaWAN LiDAR ToF Distance Sensor User Manual
Document Version: 1.0
Image Version: v1.0
Version
Description
Date
1.0
Release
2021-Jun-2

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1. Introduction 4
1.1 What is LoRaWAN LiDAR ToF Distance Sensor 4
1.2 Features 4
1.3 Probe Specification 5
1.4 Probe Dimension 5
1.5 Applications 5
1.6 Pin mapping and power on 5
2. Configure LLDS12 to connect to LoRaWAN network 6
2.1 How it works 6
2.2 Quick guide to connect to LoRaWAN server (OTAA) 6
2.3 Uplink Payload 11
2.3.1 Battery Info 11
2.3.2 DS18B20 Temperature sensor 11
2.3.3 Distance 11
2.3.4 Distance signal strength 12
2.3.5 Interrupt Pin 12
2.3.6 LiDAR temp 12
2.3.7 Message Type 12
2.3.8 Decode payload in The Things Network 13
2.4 Uplink Interval 13
2.5 Show Data in DataCake IoT Server 14
2.6 Frequency Plans 19
2.6.1 EU863-870 (EU868) 19
2.6.2 US902-928(US915) 19
2.6.3 CN470-510 (CN470) 19
2.6.4 AU915-928(AU915) 20
2.6.5 AS920-923 & AS923-925 (AS923) 20
2.6.6 KR920-923 (KR920) 20
2.6.7 IN865-867 (IN865) 21
2.7 LED Indicator 21
2.8 Firmware Change Log 21
3. LiDAR ToF Measurement 22
3.1 Principle of Distance Measurement 22
3.2 Distance Measurement Characteristics 22
4. Configure LLDS12 via AT Command or LoRaWAN Downlink 24
4.1 Set Transmit Interval Time 24
4.2 Set Interrupt Mode 25
4.3 Get Firmware Version Info 25
5. Battery & how to replace 26
5.1 Battery Type 26
5.2 Replace Battery 27
5.3 Power Consumption Analyze 27
5.3.1 Battery Note 28
5.3.2 Replace the battery 28
6. Use AT Command 29

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6.1 Access AT Commands 29
7. FAQ 30
7.1 How to change the LoRa Frequency Bands/Region 30
8. Trouble Shooting 30
8.1 AT Commands input doesn’t work 30
8.2 Significant error between the output distant value of LiDAR and actual
distance 30
9. Order Info 30
9. Packing Info 31
10. Support 31

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1. Introduction
1.1What is LoRaWAN LiDAR ToF Distance Sensor
The Dragino LLDS12 is a LoRaWAN LiDAR ToF (Time of Flight) Distance Sensor for Internet
of Things solution. It is capable to measure the distance to an object as close as 10
centimeters (+/- 5cm up to 6m) and as far as 12 meters (+/-1% starting at 6m)!. The LiDAR
probe uses laser induction technology for distance measurement.
The LLDS12 can be applied to scenarios such as horizontal distance measurement, parking
management system, object proximity and presence detection, intelligent trash can
management system, robot obstacle avoidance, automatic control, sewer, etc.
It detects the distance between the measured object and the sensor, and uploads the value
via wireless to LoRaWAN IoT Server.
The LoRa wireless technology used in LLDS12 allows device to send data and reach
extremely long ranges at low data-rates. It provides ultra-long range spread spectrum
communication and high interference immunity whilst minimizing current consumption.
LLDS12 is powered by 8500mAh Li-SOCI2 battery, it is designed for long term use up to 5
years.
Each LLDS12 is pre-load with a set of unique keys for LoRaWAN registrations, register these
keys to local LoRaWAN server and it will auto connect after power on.
1.2Features
LoRaWAN 1.0.3 Class A
Ultra-low power consumption
Laser technology for distance detection
Operating Range - 0.1m~12m①
Accuracy - ±5cm@(0.1-6m), ±1%@(6m-12m)
Monitor Battery Level

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Bands: CN470/EU433/KR920/US915/EU868/AS923/AU915/IN865
AT Commands to change parameters
Uplink on periodically
Downlink to change configure
8500mAh Battery for long term use
1.3Probe Specification
Storage temperature ：-20℃~75℃
Operating temperature - -20℃~60℃
Operating Range - 0.1m~12m①
Accuracy - ±5cm@(0.1-6m), ±1%@(6m-12m)
Distance resolution - 5mm
Ambient light immunity - 70klux
Enclosure rating - IP65
Light source - LED
Central wavelength - 850nm
FOV - 3.6°
Material of enclosure - ABS+PC
Wire length - 25cm
1.4Probe Dimension
1.5Applications
Horizontal distance measurement
Parking management system
Object proximity and presence detection
Intelligent trash can management system
Robot obstacle avoidance
Automatic control
Sewer
1.6Pin mapping and power on

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2. Configure LLDS12 to connect to LoRaWAN network
2.1 How it works
The LLDS12 is configured as LoRaWAN OTAA Class A mode by default. It has OTAA keys to
join LoRaWAN network. To connect a local LoRaWAN network, you need to input the OTAA
keys in the LoRaWAN IoT server and power on the LLDS12. It will automatically join the
network via OTAA and start to send the sensor value. The default uplink interval is 20
minutes.
In case you can’t set the OTAA keys in the LoRaWAN OTAA server, and you have to use the
keys from the server, you can use AT Commands to set the keys in the LLDS12.
2.2Quick guide to connect to LoRaWAN server (OTAA)
Following is an example for how to join the TTN v3 LoRaWAN Network. Below is the network
structure; we use the LG308 as a LoRaWAN gateway in this example.
The LG308 is already set to connected to TTN network , so what we need to now is configure
the TTN server.

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Step 1: Create a device in TTN with the OTAA keys from LLDS12.
Each LLDS12 is shipped with a sticker with the default device EUI as below:
You can enter this key in the LoRaWAN Server portal. Below is TTN screen shot:
Register the device
Add APP EUI and DEV EUI

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Add APP EUI in the application
Add APP KEY

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Step 2: Power on LLDS12
Put a Jumper on JP2 to power on the device. ( The Switch must be in FLASH position).
Step 3: The LLDS12 will auto join to the TTN network. After join success, it will start to
upload messages to TTN and you can see the messages in the panel.

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2.3Uplink Payload
LLDS12 will uplink payload via LoRaWAN with below payload format:
Uplink payload includes in total 11 bytes.
2.3.1 Battery Info
Check the battery voltage for LLDS12.
Ex1: 0x0B45 = 2885mV
Ex2: 0x0B49 = 2889mV
2.3.2 DS18B20 Temperature sensor
This is optional, user can connect external DS18B20 sensor to the +3.3v, 1-wire and GND pin .
and this field will report temperature.
Example:
If payload is: 0105H: (0105 & FC00 == 0), temp = 0105H /10 = 26.1 degree
If payload is: FF3FH : (FF3F & FC00 == 1) , temp = (FF3FH - 65536)/10 = -19.3 degrees.
2.3.3 Distance
Represents the distance value of the measurement output, the default unit is cm, and the value
range parsed as a decimal number is 0-1200. In actual use, when the signal strength value
Strength.
Example:
If the data you get from the register is 0x0B 0xEA, the distance between the sensor and the
measured object is
0BEA(H) = 3050 (D)/10 = 305cm.
Size
(byte
s)
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
Value
BAT
Temperature
DS18B20
Distance
Distance
signal
strength
Interrupt flag
LiDAR
temp
Message
Type

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2.3.4 Distance signal strength
Refers to the signal strength, the default output value will be between 0-65535. When the
distance measurement gear is fixed, the farther the distance measurement is, the lower the
signal strength; the lower the target reflectivity, the lower the signal strength. When Strength is
greater than 100 and not equal to 65535, the measured value of Dist is considered credible.
Example:
If payload is: 01D7(H)=471(D), distance signal strength=471, 471>100,471≠65535, the
measured value of Dist is considered credible.
Customers can judge whether they need to adjust the environment based on the signal strength.
2.3.5 Interrupt Pin
This data field shows if this packet is generated by interrupt or not. Click here for the hardware
and software set up.
Example:
0x00: Normal uplink packet.
0x01: Interrupt Uplink Packet.
2.3.6 LiDAR temp
Characterize the internal temperature value of the sensor.
Example:
If payload is: 1C(H) <<24>>24=28(D),LiDAR temp=28℃.
If payload is: F2(H) <<24>>24=-14(D),LiDAR temp=-14℃.
2.3.7 Message Type
For a normal uplink payload, the message type is always 0x01.
Valid Message Type:
Message Type Code
Description
Payload
0x01
Normal Uplink
Normal Uplink Payload
0x02
Reply configures info
Configure Info Payload

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2.3.8 Decode payload in The Things Network
While using TTN network, you can add the payload format to decode the payload.
The payload decoder function for TTN is here:
LLDS12 TTN Payload Decoder:
https://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LoRa_End_Node/LLDS12/Deco
der/
2.4Uplink Interval
The LLDS12 by default uplink the sensor data every 20 minutes. User can change this interval
by AT Command or LoRaWAN Downlink Command. See this link:
http://wiki.dragino.com/index.php?title=End_Device_AT_Commands_and_Downlink_Comm
ands#Change_Uplink_Interval

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2.5Show Data in DataCake IoT Server
DATACAKE provides a human friendly interface to show the sensor data, once we have data
in TTN, we can use DATACAKE to connect to TTN and see the data in DATACAKE. Below are
the steps:
Step 1: Be sure that your device is programmed and properly connected to the network at
this time.
Step 2: To configure the Application to forward data to DATACAKE you will need to add
integration. To add the DATACAKE integration, perform the following steps:
Step 3: Create an account or log in Datacake.
Step 4: Create LLDS12 product.

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Step 5: add payload decode

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After added, the sensor data arrive TTN, it will also arrive and show in Datacake.

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2.6 Frequency Plans
The LLDS12 uses OTAA mode and below frequency plans by default. If user want to use it with
different frequency plan, please refer the AT command sets.
2.6.1 EU863-870 (EU868)
Uplink:
868.1 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
868.3 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125 and SF7BW250
868.5 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
867.1 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
867.3 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
867.5 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
867.7 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
867.9 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
868.8 - FSK
Downlink:
Uplink channels 1-9 (RX1)
869.525 - SF9BW125 (RX2 downlink only)
2.6.2 US902-928(US915)
Used in USA, Canada and South America. Frequency band as per definition in LoRaWAN 1.0.3
Regional document.
To make sure the end node supports all sub band by default. In the OTAA Join process, the end
node will use frequency 1 from sub-band1, then frequency 1 from sub-band2, then frequency 1
from sub-band3, etc to process the OTAA join.
After Join success, the end node will switch to the correct sub band by:
➢Check what sub-band the LoRaWAN server ask from the OTAA Join Accept message and
switch to that sub-band
➢Use the Join successful sub-band if the server doesn’t include sub-band info in the OTAA
Join Accept message ( TTN v2 doesn't include)
2.6.3 CN470-510 (CN470)
Used in China, Default use CHE=1
Uplink:
486.3 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
486.5 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
486.7 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
486.9 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
487.1 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
487.3 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
487.5 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
487.7 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
Downlink:
506.7 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
506.9 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
507.1 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125

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507.3 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
507.5 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
507.7 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
507.9 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
508.1 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
505.3 - SF12BW125 (RX2 downlink only)
2.6.4 AU915-928(AU915)
Frequency band as per definition in LoRaWAN 1.0.3 Regional document.
To make sure the end node supports all sub band by default. In the OTAA Join process, the end
node will use frequency 1 from sub-band1, then frequency 1 from sub-band2, then frequency 1
from sub-band3, etc to process the OTAA join.
After Join success, the end node will switch to the correct sub band by:
➢Check what sub-band the LoRaWAN server ask from the OTAA Join Accept message and
switch to that sub-band
➢Use the Join successful sub-band if the server doesn’t include sub-band info in the OTAA
Join Accept message ( TTN v2 doesn't include)
2.6.5 AS920-923 & AS923-925 (AS923)
Default Uplink channel:
923.2 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
923.4 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
Additional Uplink Channel:
(OTAA mode, channel added by JoinAccept message)
AS920~AS923 for Japan, Malaysia, Singapore:
922.2 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
922.4 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
922.6 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
922.8 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
923.0 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
922.0 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
AS923 ~ AS925 for Brunei, Cambodia, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Laos, Taiwan, Thailand,
Vietnam:
923.6 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
923.8 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
924.0 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
924.2 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
924.4 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
924.6 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
Downlink:
Uplink channels 1-8 (RX1)
923.2 - SF10BW125 (RX2)
2.6.6 KR920-923 (KR920)