FLIR ThermaCAM E320 User manual

nual – Benutzerhandbuch – Manual del usuario – Manuel de l’utilisateur – Manuale dell’utente – Manual do utilizador – Felhasználói kézikönyv – Käyttäjän opas – Betjenings-
dning – Brukerveiledning – Instrukcja obsługi – Bruksanvisning– Kullanım Kılavuzu – Uživatelská příručka – Gebruikershandleiding
User’s manual – Benutzerhandbuch – Manual del usuario – Manuel de l’utilisateur – Manuale dell’utente – Manual do utilizador – Felhas-
ználói kézikönyv – Käyttäjän opas – Betjeningsvejledning – Brukerveiledning – Instrukcja obsługi – Bruksanvisning– Kullanım
Kılavuzu – Uživatelská příručka – Gebruikershandleiding
ThermaCAM™ E320
User’s manual
1558407Publ. No.
a155Revision
English (EN)Language
February 6, 2006Issue date

Warnings & cautions 1
Important note about this manual 2
Welcome! 3
Packing list 4
System overview 5
Connecting system components 6
Introduction to thermographic inspections of
electrical installations 7
Tutorials 8
Camera overview 9
Camera program 10
Electrical power system 11
Maintenance & cleaning 12
Troubleshooting 13
Technical specifications & dimensional drawings 14
Glossary 15

Thermographic measurement techniques 16
History of infrared technology 17
Theory of thermography 18
Emissivity tables 19

ThermaCAM™ E320
User’s manual
Publ. No. 1558407 Rev. a155 – ENGLISH (EN) – February 6, 2006

Legal disclaimer
All products manufactured by FLIR Systems are warranted against defective materials and workmanship for a period of one (1) year from the
delivery date of the original purchase, provided such products have been under normal storage, use and service, and in accordance with
FLIR Systems instruction.
All products not manufactured by FLIR Systems included in systems delivered by FLIR Systems to the original purchaser carry the warranty,
if any, of the particular supplier only and FLIR Systems has no responsibility whatsoever for such products.
The warranty extends only to the original purchaser and is not transferable. It is not applicable to any product which has been subjected to
misuse, neglect, accident or abnormal conditions of operation. Expendable parts are excluded from the warranty.
In the case of a defect in a product covered by this warranty the product must not be further used in order to prevent additional damage. The
purchaser shall promptly report any defect to FLIR Systems or this warranty will not apply.
FLIR Systems will, at its option, repair or replace any such defective product free of charge if, upon inspection, it proves to be defective in
material or workmanship and provided that it is returned to FLIR Systems within the said one-year period.
FLIR Systems has no other obligation or liability for defects than those set forth above.
No other warranty is expressed or implied. FLIR Systems specifically disclaims the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a
particular purpose.
FLIR Systems shall not be liable for any direct, indirect, special, incidental or consequential loss or damage, whether based on contract, tort
or any other legal theory.
Copyright
© FLIR Systems, 2006. All rights reserved worldwide. No parts of the software including source code may be reproduced, transmitted, transcribed
or translated into any language or computer language in any form or by any means, electronic, magnetic, optical, manual or otherwise,
without the prior written permission of FLIR Systems.
This manual must not, in whole or part, be copied, photocopied, reproduced, translated or transmitted to any electronic medium or machine
readable form without prior consent, in writing, from FLIR Systems.
Names and marks appearing on the products herein are either registered trademarks or trademarks of FLIR Systems and/or its subsidiaries.
All other trademarks, trade names or company names referenced herein are used for identification only and are the property of their respective
owners.
Quality assurance
The Quality Management System under which these products are developed and manufactured has been certified in accordance with the
ISO 9001 standard.
FLIR Systems is committed to a policy of continuous development; therefore we reserve the right to make changes and improvements on
any of the products described in this manual without prior notice.
Patents
This product is protected by patents, design patents, patents pending, or design patents pending.
One or several of the following patents, design patents, patents pending, or design patents pending apply to the products and/or features
described in this manual:
Reg. No.StatusDesignation
00809178.1ApplicationChina
01823221.3ApplicationChina
01823226.4ApplicationChina
235308Design PatentChina
ZL02331553.9Design PatentChina
ZL02331554.7Design PatentChina
200530018812.0PendingChina
1188086PatentEPC
01930377.5ApplicationEPO
01934715.2ApplicationEPO
27282912ApplicationEPO
000279476-0001Design PatentEU
1188086PatentFrance
viii Publ. No. 1558407 Rev. a155 – ENGLISH (EN) – February 6, 2006

Reg. No.StatusDesignation
60004227.8PatentGermany
106017Design PatentGreat Britain
3006596Design PatentGreat Britain
3006597Design PatentGreat Britain
1188086PatentGreat Britain
DM/057692Design PatentInternational
DM/061609Design PatentInternational
2000-620406ApplicationJapan
2002-588123ApplicationJapan
2002-588070ApplicationJapan
1144833Design PatentJapan
1182246Design PatentJapan
1182620Design PatentJapan
2005-020460PendingJapan
PCT/SE01/00983ApplicationPCT
PCT/SE01/00984ApplicationPCT
PCT/SE02/00857ApplicationPCT
PCT/SE03/00307ApplicationPCT
PCT/SE/00/00739ApplicationPCT
0302837-0ApplicationSweden
68657Design PatentSweden
75530Design PatentSweden
518836PatentSweden
522971PatentSweden
524024PatentSweden
09/576266ApplicationU.S.
10/476,217ApplicationU.S.
10/476,760ApplicationU.S.
466540Design PatentU.S.
483782Design PatentU.S.
484155Design PatentU.S.
5,386,117PatentU.S.
5,637,871PatentU.S.
5,756,999PatentU.S.
6,028,309PatentU.S.
6,707,044PatentU.S.
6,812,465PatentU.S.
Publ. No. 1558407 Rev. a155 – ENGLISH (EN) – February 6, 2006

Reg. No.StatusDesignation
29/233,400PendingU.S.
xPubl. No. 1558407 Rev. a155 – ENGLISH (EN) – February 6, 2006

Table of contents
11 Warnings & cautions ......................................................................................................................
32 Important note about this manual .................................................................................................
53Welcome! .........................................................................................................................................
63.1 About FLIR Systems .............................................................................................................
83.1.1 A few images from our facilities ............................................................................
103.2 Comments & questions ........................................................................................................
114 Packing list ......................................................................................................................................
135 System overview .............................................................................................................................
156 Connecting system components ..................................................................................................
177 Introduction to thermographic inspections of electrical installations ......................................
177.1 Important note ......................................................................................................................
177.2 General information ..............................................................................................................
177.2.1 Introduction ...........................................................................................................
187.2.2 General equipment data .......................................................................................
197.2.3 Inspection .............................................................................................................
197.2.4 Classification & reporting ......................................................................................
207.2.5 Priority ...................................................................................................................
207.2.6 Repair ....................................................................................................................
217.2.7 Control ..................................................................................................................
227.3 Measurement technique for thermographic inspection of electrical installations ...............
227.3.1 How to correctly set the equipment .....................................................................
227.3.2 Temperature measurement ...................................................................................
247.3.3 Comparative measurement ..................................................................................
257.3.4 Normal operating temperature .............................................................................
267.3.5 Classification of faults ...........................................................................................
287.4 Reporting ..............................................................................................................................
307.5 Different types of hot spots in electrical installations ...........................................................
307.5.1 Reflections ............................................................................................................
307.5.2 Solar heating .........................................................................................................
317.5.3 Inductive heating ...................................................................................................
317.5.4 Load variations ......................................................................................................
327.5.5 Varying cooling conditions ...................................................................................
337.5.6 Resistance variations ............................................................................................
337.5.7 Overheating in one part as a result of a fault in another ......................................
357.6 Disturbance factors at thermographic inspection of electrical installations ........................
357.6.1 Wind ......................................................................................................................
357.6.2 Rain and snow ......................................................................................................
367.6.3 Distance to object .................................................................................................
377.6.4 Object size ............................................................................................................
397.7 Practical advice for the thermographer ................................................................................
397.7.1 From cold to hot ...................................................................................................
397.7.2 Rain showers ........................................................................................................
397.7.3 Emissivity ..............................................................................................................
407.7.4 Reflected apparent temperature ...........................................................................
407.7.5 Object too far away ...............................................................................................
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418Tutorials ...........................................................................................................................................
418.1 Switching on & switching off the camera .............................................................................
418.1.1 Switching on the camera ......................................................................................
418.1.2 Switching off the camera ......................................................................................
428.2 Working with images ............................................................................................................
428.2.1 Acquiring an image ...............................................................................................
428.2.2 Freezing an image ................................................................................................
428.2.3 Saving an image ...................................................................................................
438.2.4 Deleting one or several images ............................................................................
438.2.5 Opening an image ................................................................................................
448.3 Working with measurements ................................................................................................
448.3.1 Laying out a spot ..................................................................................................
448.3.2 Laying out a measurement area ...........................................................................
458.4 Working with alarms .............................................................................................................
458.4.1 Setting the reference temperature ........................................................................
468.4.2 Setting up a color alarm .......................................................................................
468.4.2.1 Setting up a color alarm using the menu system .............................
468.4.2.2 Setting up a color alarm without using the menu system ................
478.4.3 Setting up a silent alarm (i.e. a visual alarm) .......................................................
478.4.4 Setting up an audible alarm .................................................................................
488.5 Creating files for image descriptions ....................................................................................
498.6 Changing level & span .........................................................................................................
498.6.1 Changing level ......................................................................................................
498.6.2 Changing span .....................................................................................................
508.7 Changing system settings ....................................................................................................
508.7.1 Changing language ..............................................................................................
508.7.2 Changing temperature unit ...................................................................................
508.7.3 Changing date format ...........................................................................................
508.7.4 Changing time format ...........................................................................................
518.7.5 Changing date & time ...........................................................................................
528.8 Working with the camera ......................................................................................................
528.8.1 Removing the lens ................................................................................................
538.8.2 Adjusting the focus ...............................................................................................
538.8.3 Changing digital zoom factor ...............................................................................
548.8.4 Inserting & removing the battery ..........................................................................
548.8.4.1 Inserting the battery ..........................................................................
548.8.4.2 Removing the battery ........................................................................
579 Camera overview ............................................................................................................................
579.1 Camera parts ........................................................................................................................
619.2 Keypad buttons & functions .................................................................................................
639.3 Laser LocatIR ........................................................................................................................
649.4 LED indicator on keypad ......................................................................................................
6510 Camera program .............................................................................................................................
6510.1 Result table ...........................................................................................................................
6610.2 System messages ................................................................................................................
6610.2.1 Status messages ..................................................................................................
6610.2.2 Warning messages ...............................................................................................
6710.3 Selecting screen objects ......................................................................................................
6710.3.1 Selecting screen objects ......................................................................................
6710.3.2 Examples of selected screen objects ...................................................................
6910.4 Menu system ........................................................................................................................
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6910.4.1 Navigating the menu system ................................................................................
6910.4.2 Meas. mode ..........................................................................................................
7010.4.3 Manual adjust/Automatic adjust ...........................................................................
7110.4.4 Emissivity ..............................................................................................................
7210.4.5 Palette ...................................................................................................................
7210.4.6 Range (extra option) .............................................................................................
7210.4.7 Hide graphics / Show graphics ............................................................................
7310.4.8 File .........................................................................................................................
7410.4.9 Setup .....................................................................................................................
7410.4.9.1 Settings .............................................................................................
7610.4.9.2 Date/time ...........................................................................................
7710.4.9.3 Local settings ....................................................................................
7710.4.9.4 Camera info ......................................................................................
7710.4.9.5 Factory default ...................................................................................
7911 Electrical power system .................................................................................................................
8111.1 Internal battery charging ......................................................................................................
8211.2 External battery charging .....................................................................................................
8311.3 Battery safety warnings ........................................................................................................
8512 Maintenance & cleaning ................................................................................................................
8512.1 Camera body, cables & accessories ....................................................................................
8512.2 Lenses ...................................................................................................................................
8713 Troubleshooting ..............................................................................................................................
8914 Technical specifications & dimensional drawings ......................................................................
8914.1 Imaging performance ...........................................................................................................
8914.2 Image presentation ...............................................................................................................
8914.3 Temperature range ...............................................................................................................
8914.4 Laser LocatIR ........................................................................................................................
9014.5 Electrical power system ........................................................................................................
9014.6 Environmental specifications ...............................................................................................
9114.7 Physical specifications .........................................................................................................
9114.8 Communications interfaces ..................................................................................................
9114.9 Pin configurations .................................................................................................................
9114.9.1 RS-232/USB connector ........................................................................................
9214.9.2 Power connector ...................................................................................................
9214.9.3 CVBS connector ...................................................................................................
9314.10 Relationship between fields of view and distance ...............................................................
9914.11 Camera – dimensional drawings ..........................................................................................
10214.12 Battery charger – dimensional drawing ...............................................................................
10314.13 Battery – dimensional drawing .............................................................................................
10515 Glossary ...........................................................................................................................................
10916 Thermographic measurement techniques ...................................................................................
10916.1 Introduction ..........................................................................................................................
10916.2 Emissivity ..............................................................................................................................
11016.2.1 Finding the emissivity of a sample .......................................................................
11016.2.1.1 Step 1: Determining reflected apparent temperature .......................
11216.2.1.2 Step 2: Determining the emissivity ...................................................
11316.3 Reflected apparent temperature ..........................................................................................
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11517 History of infrared technology ......................................................................................................
11918 Theory of thermography ................................................................................................................
11918.1 Introduction ...........................................................................................................................
11918.2 The electromagnetic spectrum ............................................................................................
12018.3 Blackbody radiation ..............................................................................................................
12118.3.1 Planck’s law ..........................................................................................................
12218.3.2 Wien’s displacement law ......................................................................................
12418.3.3 Stefan-Boltzmann's law .........................................................................................
12418.3.4 Non-blackbody emitters .......................................................................................
12718.4 Infrared semi-transparent materials .....................................................................................
12919 Emissivity tables .............................................................................................................................
12919.1 References ............................................................................................................................
12919.2 Important note about the emissivity tables ..........................................................................
12919.3 Tables ....................................................................................................................................
145Index ................................................................................................................................................
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1 Warnings & cautions
10474103;a1
■This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and if
not installed and used in accordance with the instruction manual, may cause inter-
ference to radio communications. It has been tested and found to comply with the
limits for a Class A computing device pursuant to Subpart J of Part 15 of FCC Rules,
which are designed to provide reasonable protection against such interference
when operated in a commercial environment. Operation of this equipment in a
residential area is likely to cause interference in which case the user at his own
expense will be required to take whatever measures may be required to correct
the interference.
■An infrared camera is a precision instrument and uses a very sensitive IR detector.
Pointing the camera towards highly intensive energy sources – such as devices
emitting laser radiation, or reflections from such devices – may affect the accuracy
of the camera readings, or even harm – or irreparably damage – the detector. Note
that this sensitivity is also present when the camera is switched off and the lens
cap is mounted on the lens.
■Each camera from FLIR Systems is calibrated prior to shipping. It is advisable that
the camera is sent in for calibration once a year.
■For protective reasons, the LCD (where applicable) will be switched off if the detector
temperature exceeds +60 °C (+149 °F) and the camera will be switched off if the
detector temperature exceeds +68 °C (+154.4 °F).
■The camera requires a warm-up time of 5 minutes before accurate measurements
(where applicable) can be expected.
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1 – Warnings & cautions

2Important note about this manual
As far as it is practically possible, FLIR Systems configures each manual to reflect
each customer’s particular camera configuration. However, please note the following
exceptions:
■The packing list is subject to specific customer configuration and may contain more
or less items
■FLIR Systems reserves the right to discontinue models, parts and accessories, and
other items, or change specifications at any time without prior notice
■In some cases, the manual may describe features that are not available in your
particular camera configuration
2
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2 – Important note about this manual

3 Welcome!
Thank you for choosing the ThermaCAM™ E320 infrared camera!
The ThermaCAM™ E320 IR camera measures and images the emitted infrared radiation
from an object. The fact that radiation is a function of object surface temperature
makes it possible for the camera to calculate and display this temperature. The
camera system also features a laser pointer, a 2.5" color LCD, an IR lens, a removable
battery and a range of accessories.
The camera is very easy to use. It is operated by using a few buttons which are con-
veniently placed on the camera, allowing fingertip control of major functions. A built-
in menu system also gives easy access to an advanced, simple-to-use camera software
for increased functionality.
To document the object under inspection it is possible to capture and store images
to the camera’s internal memory. The images can be analyzed either in the field by
using the real-time measurement functions built into the camera, or in a PC using
FLIR Systems ThermaCAM Reporter software by downloading the images from the
camera using ThermaCAM™ QuickView.
3
Publ. No. 1558407 Rev. a155 – ENGLISH (EN) – February 6, 2006 5

3.1 About FLIR Systems
With over 40 years experience in IR systems and applications development, and over
30 000 infrared cameras in use worldwide, FLIR Systems is the undisputed global
commercial IR industry leader.
10380703;a2
Figure 3.1 FLIR Systems, Boston, USA, FLIR Systems, Danderyd, Sweden, and FLIR Systems, Portland,
USA.
10570303;a2
Figure 3.2 Indigo Operations, Niceville, USA, and Indigo Operations, Santa Barbara, USA. Indigo Operations
is a division of FLIR Systems.
As pioneers in the IR industry, FLIR Systems has a long list of ‘firsts’ the world of in-
frared thermography:
■1965: 1st thermal imaging system for predictive maintenance (Model 650).
■1973: 1st battery-operated portable IR scanner for industrial applications predictive
maintenance (Model 750).
■1975: 1st TV compatible system (Model 525).
■1978: 1st dual-wavelength scanning system capable of real-time analog recording
of thermal events (Model 780). Instrumental in R & D market development.
■1983: 1st thermal imaging and measurement system with on-screen temperature
measurement.
■1986: 1st TE (thermo-electrically) cooled system.
■1989: 1st single-piece infrared camera system for PM (predictive maintenance)
and R & D (research & development) with on-board digital storage.
■1991: 1st Windows-based thermographic analysis and reporting system.
■1993: 1st Focal Plane Array (FPA) system for PM and R & D applications.
■1995: 1st full-featured camcorder style FPA infrared system (ThermaCAM).
■1997: 1st: uncooled microbolometer-based PM/R & D system.
3
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3 – Welcome!