FLIR E4 User manual

Operator’s manual
1 558 017Publ. No.
a62Revision
English (EN)Language
August 19, 2004Issue date
ThermaCAM™ E4

ThermaCAM™ E4
Operator’s manual
Publ. No. 1 558 017 Rev. a62 – ENGLISH (EN) – August 19, 2004

Legal disclaimer
All products manufactured by FLIR Systems are warranted against defective materials and workmanship for a period of one (1) year from the
delivery date of the original purchase, provided such products have been under normal storage, use and service, and in accordance with FLIR
Systems instruction.
All products not manufactured by FLIR Systems included in systems delivered by FLIR Systems to the original purchaser carry the warranty,
if any, of the particular supplier only and FLIR Systems has no responsibility whatsoever for such products.
The warranty extends only to the original purchaser and is not transferable. It is not applicable to any product which has been subjected to
misuse, neglect, accident or abnormal conditions of operation. Expendable parts are excluded from the warranty.
In the case of a defect in a product covered by this warranty the product must not be further used in order to prevent additional damage.
The purchaser shall promptly report any defect to FLIR Systems or this warranty will not apply.
FLIR Systems will, at its option, repair or replace any such defective product free of charge if, upon inspection, it proves to be defective in
material or workmanship and provided that it is returned to FLIR Systems within the said one-year period.
FLIR Systems has no other obligation or liability for defects than those set forth above.
No other warranty is expressed or implied. FLIR Systems specifically disclaims the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a
particular purpose.
FLIR Systems shall not be liable for any direct, indirect, special, incidental or consequential loss or damage, whether based on contract, tort
or any other legal theory.
Copyright
© FLIR Systems, 2004. All rights reserved worldwide. No parts of the software including source code may be reproduced, transmitted, transcribed
or translated into any language or computer language in any form or by any means, electronic, magnetic, optical, manual or otherwise,
without the prior written permission of FLIR Systems.
This manual must not, in whole or part, be copied, photocopied, reproduced, translated or transmitted to any electronic medium or machine
readable form without prior consent, in writing, from FLIR Systems.
Names and marks appearing on the products herein are either registered trademarks or trademarks of FLIR Systems and/or its subsidiaries.
All other trademarks, trade names or company names referenced herein are used for identification only and are the property of their respective
owners.
Quality assurance
The Quality Management System under which these products are developed and manufactured has been certified in accordance with the
ISO 9001 standard.
FLIR Systems is committed to a policy of continuous development; therefore we reserve the right to make changes and improvements on
any of the products described in this manual without prior notice.
Patents
This product is protected by patents, design patents, patents pending, or design patents pending.
PCT Pat. Pend. No. PCT/SE01/00983; PCT Pat. Pend. No. PCT/SE01/00984; US Pat. Pend. No. 09/849524; PCT Pat. Pend. No. PCT/SE02/00364;
Swedish Pat. Des. No. 68657; US Pat. Des. No. 466540; UK Pat. Des. No. 2106017; Japan Pat. Des. No. 1144833; Int. Pat. Des. No. DM/057692;
China Pat. Des. No. 235308.
Contact details
FLIR Systems AB ■P. O. Box 3 ■SE-182 11 Danderyd ■SwedenPostal address
[phone]Telephone
[phone]Telefax
www.flirthermography.comWeb site
[email protected]E-mail
➲For contact details for regional offices, see the back cover of this manual.
ii Publ. No. 1 558 017 Rev. a62 – ENGLISH (EN) – August 19, 2004

Table of contents
11 Warnings & cautions ..................................................................................................................................................
22 Important note about this manual .....................................................................................................................
33Welcome! .........................................................................................................................................................................
33.1 About FLIR Systems ........................................................................................................................................
53.1.1 A few images from our facilities .............................................................................................
63.2 Comments & questions ................................................................................................................................
84 Packing list .....................................................................................................................................................................
95 System overview .........................................................................................................................................................
106 Connecting system components .........................................................................................................................
117Tutorials ...........................................................................................................................................................................
117.1 Switching on & switching off the camera ..............................................................................................
117.1.1 Switching on the camera ..........................................................................................................
117.1.2 Switching off the camera ..........................................................................................................
117.2 Working with images .....................................................................................................................................
117.2.1 Acquiring an image ....................................................................................................................
117.2.2 Freezing an image .......................................................................................................................
127.2.3 Saving an image ...........................................................................................................................
127.2.4 Opening an image .......................................................................................................................
127.3 Working with measurements .....................................................................................................................
127.3.1 Laying out a spot .........................................................................................................................
137.3.2 Laying out a measurement area ............................................................................................
137.4 Working with alarms ......................................................................................................................................
147.4.1 Setting the reference temperature .......................................................................................
147.4.2 Setting up a color alarm ............................................................................................................
147.4.2.1 Setting up a color alarm using the menu system ....................................
157.4.2.2 Setting up a color alarm without using the menu system ...................
157.4.3 Setting up a silent alarm (i.e. a visual alarm) .....................................................................
167.4.4 Setting up an audible alarm ....................................................................................................
167.5 Creating a text comment file ......................................................................................................................
177.6 Changing level & span ..................................................................................................................................
177.6.1 Changing level ..............................................................................................................................
177.6.2 Changing span ..............................................................................................................................
187.7 Changing system settings ...........................................................................................................................
187.7.1 Changing language ....................................................................................................................
187.7.2 Changing temperature unit .....................................................................................................
187.7.3 Changing date format ...............................................................................................................
187.7.4 Changing time format ...............................................................................................................
197.7.5 Changing date & time ................................................................................................................
197.8 Working with the camera .............................................................................................................................
197.8.1 Removing the lens ......................................................................................................................
217.8.2 Adjusting the focus .....................................................................................................................
217.8.3 Inserting & removing the battery ..........................................................................................
217.8.3.1 Inserting the battery ..........................................................................................
227.8.3.2 Removing the battery ........................................................................................
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238 Camera overview .........................................................................................................................................................
238.1 Camera parts .....................................................................................................................................................
268.2 Keypad buttons & functions .......................................................................................................................
278.3 Laser LocatIR .....................................................................................................................................................
288.4 LED indicator on keypad ..............................................................................................................................
299 Camera program ..........................................................................................................................................................
299.1 Result table ........................................................................................................................................................
299.2 System messages ............................................................................................................................................
299.2.1 Status messages ...........................................................................................................................
309.2.2 Warning messages ......................................................................................................................
309.3 Selecting screen objects ...............................................................................................................................
309.3.1 Selecting screen objects ...........................................................................................................
309.3.2 Examples of selected screen objects ....................................................................................
329.4 Menu system .....................................................................................................................................................
329.4.1 Navigating the menu system ..................................................................................................
339.4.2 Meas. mode ....................................................................................................................................
349.4.3 Manual adjust/Automatic adjust ...........................................................................................
359.4.4 Emissivity ........................................................................................................................................
369.4.5 Palette ..............................................................................................................................................
369.4.6 Range (extra option) ...................................................................................................................
369.4.7 Hide graphics / Show graphics ...............................................................................................
379.4.8 File .....................................................................................................................................................
389.4.9 Setup ................................................................................................................................................
389.4.9.1 Settings ...................................................................................................................
409.4.9.2 Date/time ...............................................................................................................
419.4.9.3 Local settings ........................................................................................................
419.4.9.4 Camera info ..........................................................................................................
419.4.9.5 Factory default .....................................................................................................
4210 Electrical power system ...........................................................................................................................................
4310.1 Internal battery charging .............................................................................................................................
4410.2 External battery charging ............................................................................................................................
4510.3 Battery safety warnings ................................................................................................................................
4711 Maintenance & cleaning ..........................................................................................................................................
4711.1 Camera body, cables & accessories ..........................................................................................................
4711.2 Lenses ..................................................................................................................................................................
4812 Troubleshooting ..........................................................................................................................................................
5013 Technical specifications & dimensional drawings ......................................................................................
5013.1 Imaging performance ....................................................................................................................................
5013.2 Image presentation ........................................................................................................................................
5013.3 Temperature range ........................................................................................................................................
5013.4 Laser LocatIR .....................................................................................................................................................
5113.5 Electrical power system ................................................................................................................................
5113.6 Environmental specifications .....................................................................................................................
5113.7 Physical specifications ...................................................................................................................................
5113.8 Communications interfaces ........................................................................................................................
5213.9 Pin configurations ...........................................................................................................................................
5213.9.1 RS-232/USB connector ...............................................................................................................
5313.9.2 Power connector ..........................................................................................................................
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5313.9.3 CVBS connector ............................................................................................................................
5413.10 Relationship between fields of view and distance .............................................................................
5813.11 Camera – dimensional drawing (36 mm IR lens) .................................................................................
5913.12 Camera – dimensional drawing (17 mm IR lens) .................................................................................
6013.13 Camera – dimensional drawing (9.2 mm IR lens) ................................................................................
6113.14 Battery charger – dimensional drawing .................................................................................................
6213.15 Battery – dimensional drawing ..................................................................................................................
6314 Glossary ...........................................................................................................................................................................
6715 Thermographic measurement techniques .....................................................................................................
6715.1 Introduction .....................................................................................................................................................
6715.2 Emissivity ............................................................................................................................................................
6815.2.1 Finding the emissivity of an object .......................................................................................
6815.2.1.1 Using a thermocouple .......................................................................................
6815.2.1.2 Using reference emissivity ...............................................................................
6815.3 Reflected temperature ..................................................................................................................................
6916 History of infrared technology .............................................................................................................................
7317 Theory of thermography .........................................................................................................................................
7317.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................................................
7317.2 The electromagnetic spectrum ..................................................................................................................
7417.3 Blackbody radiation .......................................................................................................................................
7517.3.1 Planck’s law ....................................................................................................................................
7617.3.2 Wien’s displacement law ..........................................................................................................
7817.3.3 Stefan-Boltzmann's law .............................................................................................................
7817.3.4 Non-blackbody emitters ...........................................................................................................
8117.4 Infrared semi-transparent materials ........................................................................................................
8218 Emissivity tables ..........................................................................................................................................................
8218.1 References .........................................................................................................................................................
8218.2 Tables ..................................................................................................................................................................
99Index ..................................................................................................................................................................................
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vi Publ. No. 1 558 017 Rev. a62 – ENGLISH (EN) – August 19, 2004

1 Warnings & cautions
10474103;1
■This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and if not
installed and used in accordance with the instruction manual, may cause interfer-
ence to radio communications. It has been tested and found to comply with the
limits for a Class A computing device pursuant to Subpart J of Part 15 of FCC Rules,
which are designed to provide reasonable protection against such interference
when operated in a commercial environment. Operation of this equipment in a
residential area is likely to cause interference in which case the user at his own ex-
pense will be required to take whatever measures may be required to correct the
interference.
■An infrared camera is a precision instrument and uses a very sensitive IR detector.
Pointing the camera towards highly intensive energy sources – such as devices
emitting laser radiation, or reflections from such devices – may affect the accuracy
of the camera readings, or even harm – or irreparably damage – the detector. Note
that this sensitivity is also present when the camera is switched off and the lens
cap is mounted on the lens.
■Each camera from FLIR Systems is calibrated prior to shipping. It is advisable that
the camera is sent in for calibration once a year.
■For protective reasons, the LCD (where applicable) will be switched off if the detec-
tor temperature exceeds +60°C (+149°F) and the camera will be switched off if
the detector temperature exceeds +68°C (+154.4°F).
■The camera requires a warm-up time of 5 minutes before accurate measurements
(where applicable) can be expected.
Publ. No. 1 558 017 Rev. a62 – ENGLISH (EN) – August 19, 2004 1

2 Important note about this manual
As far as it is practically possible, FLIR Systems configures each manual to reflect each
customer’s particular camera configuration. However, please note the following ex-
ceptions:
■The packing list is subject to specific customer configuration and may contain more
or less items
■FLIR Systems reserves the right to discontinue models, parts and accessories, and
other items, or change specifications at any time without prior notice
■In some cases, the manual may describe features that is not available in your par-
ticular camera configuration
2Publ. No. 1 558 017 Rev. a62 – ENGLISH (EN) – August 19, 2004

3 Welcome!
Thank you for choosing the ThermaCAM™ E4 infrared camera!
The ThermaCAM™ E4 IR camera measures and images the emitted infrared radiation
from an object. The fact that radiation is a function of object surface temperature
makes it possible for the camera to calculate and display this temperature. The camera
system also features a laser pointer, a 2.5" color LCD, an IR lens, a removable battery
and a range of accessories.
The camera is very easy to use. It is operated by using a few buttons which are conve-
niently placed on the camera, allowing fingertip control of major functions. A built-
in menu system also gives easy access to an advanced, simple-to-use camera software
for increased functionality.
To document the object under inspection it is possible to capture and store images
to the camera’s internal memory. The images can be analyzed either in the field by
using the real-time measurement functions built into the camera, or in a PC using
FLIR Systems ThermaCAM Reporter software by downloading the images from the
camera using ThermaCAM QuickView.
3.1 About FLIR Systems
With over 30 years experience in IR systems and applications development, and over
30 000 infrared cameras in use worldwide, FLIR is the undisputed global commercial
IR industry leader.
10380703;2
Figure 3.1 FLIR Systems, Boston, USA, FLIR Systems, Danderyd, Sweden, and FLIR Systems, Portland, USA.
Publ. No. 1 558 017 Rev. a62 – ENGLISH (EN) – August 19, 2004 3

10570303;2
Figure 3.2 Indigo Systems, Niceville, USA, and Indigo Systems, Santa Barbara, USA. Indigo Systems is a
division of FLIR Systems.
As pioneers in the IR industry, FLIR Systems has a long list of ‘firsts’ the world of infrared
thermography:
■1965: 1st thermal imaging system for predictive maintenance (Model 650).
■1973: 1st battery-operated portable IR scanner for industrial applications predictive
maintenance (Model 750).
■1975: 1st TV compatible system (Model 525).
■1978: 1st dual-wavelength scanning system capable of real-time analog recording
of thermal events (Model 780). Instrumental in R & D market development.
■1983: 1st thermal imaging and measurement system with on-screen temperature
measurement.
■1986: 1st TE (thermo-electrically) cooled system.
■1989: 1st single-piece infrared camera system for PM (predictive maintenance) and
R & D (research & development) with on-board digital storage.
■1991: 1st Windows-based thermographic analysis and reporting system.
■1993: 1st Focal Plane Array (FPA) system for PM and R & D applications.
■1995: 1st full-featured camcorder style FPA infrared system (ThermaCAM).
■1997: 1st: uncooled microbolometer-based PM/R & D system.
■2000: 1st thermography system with both thermal and visual imaging.
■2000: 1st thermography system to incorporate thermal/visual/voice and text data
logging.
■2002: 1st automated thermography system (model P60) to feature detachable re-
motely controllable LCD, JPEG image storage, enhanced connectivity including
USB and IrDA wireless, thermal/visual/voice and text data logging.
■2002: 1st low-cost ultra-compact hand-held thermography camera (E series). Rev-
olutionary, ergonomic design, lightest IR measurement camera available.
4Publ. No. 1 558 017 Rev. a62 – ENGLISH (EN) – August 19, 2004
3.1 – About FLIR Systems

10401603;1
Figure 3.3 LEFT: FLIR Systems’ Thermovision®Model 661. The photo is taken on May 30th, 1969 at the
distribution plant near Beckomberga, in Stockholm, Sweden. The camera weighed approx. 25 kg (55 lb),
the oscilloscope 20 kg (44 lb), the tripod 15 kg (33 lb). The operator also needed a 220 VAC generator set,
and a 10 L (2.6 US gallon) jar with liquid nitrogen. To the left of the oscilloscope the Polaroid attachment
(6 kg/13 lb) can be seen. RIGHT: FLIR Systems’ ThermaCAM Model E2 from 2002 – weight: 0.7 kg (1.54 lb),
including battery.
With this tradition of unparalleled technical excellence and innovative achievements,
FLIR continues to develop new infrared products, educational venues and applications
expertise to meet the diverse demands of thermographers worldwide.
3.1.1 A few images from our facilities
10401303;1
Figure 3.4 LEFT: Development of system electronics; RIGHT: Testing of an FPA detector
Publ. No. 1 558 017 Rev. a62 – ENGLISH (EN) – August 19, 2004 5
3.1 – About FLIR Systems

10401403;1
Figure 3.5 LEFT: Diamond turning machine; RIGHT: Lens polishing
10401503;1
Figure 3.6 LEFT: Testing of IR cameras in the climatic chamber; RIGHT: Robot for camera testing and
calibration
3.2 Comments & questions
FLIR Systems is committed to a policy of continuous development, and although we
have tested and verified the information in this manual to the best of our ability, you
may find that features and specifications have changed since the time of printing.
Please let us know about any errors you find, as well as your suggestions for future
editions, by sending an e-mail to:
[email protected]
6Publ. No. 1 558 017 Rev. a62 – ENGLISH (EN) – August 19, 2004
3.2 – Comments & questions

➲Do not use this e-mail address for technical support questions. Technical support
is handled by FLIR Systems’s local sales offices.
Publ. No. 1 558 017 Rev. a62 – ENGLISH (EN) – August 19, 2004 7
3.2 – Comments & questions

4 Packing list
The ThermaCAM™ E4 and its accessories are delivered in a hard transport case which
typically contains the items below. On receipt of the transport case, inspect all items
and check them against the delivery note. Any damaged items must be reported to
the local FLIR Systems representative immediately.
Qty.Part NumberDescriptionNo.
11 195 102Battery charger1
11 195 128USB cable2
11 195 221Hand strap3
11 120 987Lens cap4
11 558 017Operator’s manual5
11 909 528Power supply6
1Configuration-dependentThermaCAM™ E4 infrared camera
with lens
7
21 195 106Battery8
11 909 775Video cable9
11 195 494TrainIR CD10
8Publ. No. 1 558 017 Rev. a62 – ENGLISH (EN) – August 19, 2004

5 System overview
10396603;3
Figure 5.1 System overview
Publ. No. 1 558 017 Rev. a62 – ENGLISH (EN) – August 19, 2004 9

6 Connecting system components
10438203;2
Figure 6.1 How to connect system components
Figure 6.2 Explanations of callouts
ExplanationCallout
Power supply cable (11–16 VDC)1
USB / RS-232 cable2
Video cable (CVBS, i.e. composite video)3
10 Publ. No. 1 558 017 Rev. a62 – ENGLISH (EN) – August 19, 2004

7 Tutorials
7.1 Switching on & switching off the camera
7.1.1 Switching on the camera
ActionStep
Insert the battery into the battery compartment.1
Press PWR/NO to switch on the camera.2
7.1.2 Switching off the camera
ActionStep
To switch off the camera, press and hold down PWR/NO until the message Shutting
down... appears. Briefly pressing PWR/NO when the camera is in menu mode will
cancel menu selections.
1
7.2 Working with images
7.2.1 Acquiring an image
ActionStep
Point the camera at a warm object, like a face or a hand.1
Adjust the focus by turning the focus ring at the front of the lens.
➲Please note what is the locking ring and what is the focus ring in the figure on
page 20. Trying to adjust the focus by rotating the locking ring will remove the
lens.
2
If the camera is in manual adjust mode, press and hold down SEL for more than
one second to autoadjust the camera.
3
7.2.2 Freezing an image
ActionStep
Adjust focus by turning the focus ring at the front of the lens.
➲Please note what is the locking ring and what is the focus ring in the figure on
page 20. Trying to adjust the focus by rotating the locking ring will remove the
lens.
1
If the camera is in manual adjust mode, press and hold down SEL for more than
one second to autoadjust the camera.
2
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ActionStep
Briefly pressing SAVE/FRZ will display a confirmation box.
■To save the image, press YES
■To leave the confirmation box without saving the image, press NO
3
7.2.3 Saving an image
ActionStep
Adjust the focus by turning the focus ring at the front of the lens.
➲Please note what is the locking ring and what is the focus ring in the figure on
page 20. Trying to adjust the focus by rotating the locking ring will remove the
lens.
1
If the camera is in manual adjust mode, press and hold down SEL for more than
one second to autoadjust the camera.
2
Briefly press SAVE/FRZ to freeze the image. This will display a confirmation box
where you will be prompted to accept or cancel the image. Accepting the image
will save it to the internal memory.
3
To save an image directly (without freezing the image first), press SAVE/FRZ for
more than 1 second.
4
7.2.4 Opening an image
ActionStep
Press MENU/YES to display the vertical menu bar.1
Point to File on the vertical menu bar and press the MENU/YES.2
Point to Images to display thumbnails of the most recently saved images.3
To open an image, select the image by pressing the navigation pad left/right or
up/down and then press MENU/YES.
7.3 Working with measurements
7.3.1 Laying out a spot
➲The camera requires a warm-up time of 5 minutes before accurate measurements
can be expected.
ActionStep
Press MENU/YES to display the vertical menu bar.1
Point to Meas. mode on the vertical menu bar and press MENU/YES.2
12 Publ. No. 1 558 017 Rev. a62 – ENGLISH (EN) – August 19, 2004
7.3 – Working with measurements