Franklin BOOKMAN NIM-2072 User manual


Electronic Publishers

ELECTRONIC BOOK CARD
B OO K MAN


Gahart’s
Intravenous
Medications
USER’S GUIDE
NIM-2072
www.franklin.com

1
License Agreement
READ THIS LICENSE AGREEMENT BEFORE USING ANY BOOKMAN ELEC-
TRONIC BOOK.
YOUR USE OF THE BOOKMAN ELECTRONIC BOOK DEEMS THAT YOU AC-
CEPT THE TERMS OF THIS LICENSE. IF YOU DO NOT AGREE WITH THESE
TERMS, YOU MAY RETURN THIS PACKAGE WITH PURCHASE RECEIPT TO
THE DEALER FROM WHICH YOU PURCHASED THE BOOKMAN ELEC-
TRONIC BOOK AND YOUR PURCHASE PRICE WILL BE REFUNDED. BOOK-
MAN ELECTRONIC BOOK means the software product, hardware, and
documentation found in this package and FRANKLIN means Franklin Electronic
Publishers, Inc.
LIMITED USE LICENSE
All rights in the BOOKMAN ELECTRONIC BOOK remain the property of FRAN-
KLIN. Through your purchase, FRANKLIN grants you a personal and nonexclu-
sive license to use the BOOKMAN ELECTRONIC BOOK on a single FRANKLIN
BOOKMAN at a time. You may not make any copies of the BOOKMAN ELEC-
TRONIC BOOK or of the preprogrammed data stored therein, whether in elec-
tronic or print format. Such copying would be in violation of applicable copyright
laws. Further, you may not modify, adapt, disassemble, decompile, translate,
create derivative works of, or in any way reverse engineer the BOOKMAN ELEC-
TRONIC BOOK. You may not export or reexport, directly or indirectly, the
BOOKMAN ELECTRONIC BOOK without compliance with appropriate govern-
mental regulations. The BOOKMAN ELECTRONIC BOOK contains Franklin’s
confidential and propriety information which you agree to take adequate steps
to protect from unauthorized disclosure or use. This license is effective until
terminated. This license terminates immediately without notice from FRANK-
LIN if you fail to comply with any provision of this license.

2
Contents
Preface .......................................................................... 3
Key Guide ...................................................................... 5
Introduction ................................................................... 7
Installing a Book Card .................................................... 7
Selecting a Book ............................................................ 8
Using the Color Keys ...................................................... 8
Viewing a Demonstration ............................................... 9
Changing the Settings .................................................... 9
Looking up Drugs ........................................................... 10
Finding Drugs by Category ............................................. 11
Reading Drug Monographs ............................................. 12
Searching for Words....................................................... 13
Highlighting Search Words ............................................. 14
Expanding Your Searches ............................................... 15
Reading Cross-references, Footnotes, and Tables ........... 16
Using Bookmarks ........................................................... 17
Transferring Words Between Books ................................ 18
Book Card Care ............................................................. 18
Copyrights, Patents, and Trademarks ............................. 19
Appendix: Key to Abbreviations ..................................... 19
Index .............................................................................. 22

3
This 1997 edition marks the twenty-
fourth year of publication of
Intrave-
nous Medications
.
Annual revisions meet the tremendous
need for clear, concise, complete, and
accurate information on newly released
and existing IV drugs. This has been a
huge year for new IV drug approvals
by the FDA. Sixteen new drugs are in-
cluded (two are available only in
Canada and the United Kingdom, and
one is a new formulation of an old
product [warfarin] with a newly ap-
proved FDA indication.) In addition,
there are many important updates,
such as changes in dose, additional
disease-specific doses, refinements in
dosing applications, new indications,
new drug interactions, additional pre-
cautions, and new information in anti-
dotes. In some of the monographs,
you’ll find new, helpful charts for dilu-
tion and/or rate of administration. In
the Appendix of this User’s Guide,
you’ll find a key to abbreviations. In the
“Introduction” section (found under
the menu item “Drugs”), the Important
IV Therapy Facts are grouped to help
identify the information you want
quickly.
Health care today is an intense envi-
ronment. The speed of change is over-
whelming, but the authors and
publisher of
Intravenous Medications
have a commitment to provide all
health professionals who have the re-
sponsibility to administer IV medica-
tions with complete, accurate, current
information in a clear, concise, acces-
sible, and reliable tool. Each specific
drug must be able to be interpreted for
a specific patient. All drugs currently
approved for intravenous use (with the
exception of opaque dyes used in radi-
ology, some general anesthetics used
only in OR, and a few rarely used
drugs [see Appendix B] are included.
In addition, all information has been
thoroughly revised to incorporate the
most current documented knowledge
available.
Intravenous Medications is designed
for use in critical care areas, as the
nursing station, in the office, in public
Preface

4
health and home care settings, and by
students and the armed services. Per-
tinent information can be found in a
few seconds. Take advantage of its
availability and quickly review every in-
travenous medication before adminis-
tration.
The nurse is frequently placed in a vari-
ety of difficult situations. While the
physician verbally requests or writes
an order, the nurse must evaluate it for
appropriateness, prepare it, administer
it, and observe the effects. Intravenous
drugs are instantly absorbed into the
bloodstream, hopefully leading to a
prompt therapeutic action, but the risk
of an inappropriate reaction is a con-
stant threat that can easily become a
frightening reality. It will be the nurse
who must initiate emergency mea-
sures should adverse effects occur.
This is an awesome responsibility.
If, after reviewing the information in In-
travenous Medications
, you have any
questions about any order you are
given, clarify it with the physician, con-
Preface
sult with the pharmacist, or consult
your supervisor. The circumstances
will determine whom you approach
first. If the physician thinks it is impera-
tive to carry out an order even though
you have unanswered questions or
concerns, never hesitate to request
that the physician administer the drug,
drug combination, or dose himself or
herself. In this era of constant change,
the physician should be very willing to
supply you, your supervisor, and/or
the pharmacist with current studies
documenting the validity and appropri-
ateness of orders.
All information presented in this prod-
uct is pertinent only to the intravenous
use of the drug and not necessarily to
intramuscular, subcutaneous, oral, or
other means of administration.
Betsy L. Gahart
Adrienne R. Nazareno

5
Key Guide
Color Keys
MORE
(red) Expands a word search.
SPEC
(green) Shows the location of
the text that you’re reading.
SEARCH
(yellow) Goes to the Word
Search screen.
LIST
(blue) Lets you add, find, or re-
move a bookmark.
Function Keys
BACK
Erases typed letters or backs
up to the previous screen.
CAP
Shifts keys to type capitals or
punctuation.
CARD
Exits the book you’re reading.
CLEAR
Clears all searches and high-
lights the Drugs menu.
ENTER
Selects a menu item, starts a
word search, or starts the high-
light in text.
HELP
Displays help messages.
MENU
Highlights the Drugs menu.
ON/OFF
Turns BOOKMAN on or off.
SPACE
At the Word Search screen,
types a space.
? ✻
At a menu, shows the full title
of the highlighted item. At the
text, shows its location (same
as
SPEC
).
Direction Keys
Moves the cursor, highlight, or text.
Pages up or down.
SPACE
Pages down.
Key Combinations*
✩
+
BACK
Goes to the top level of the
Drugs menu from a lower level.
✩
+
CARD
Transfers a word between books.
✩
+
ENTER
From a highlighted item on
the Drugs menu, goes directly to
the text. At the text, highlights a
cross-reference or bookmark.
✩
+ At a drug monograph, goes
to the next or previous mono-
graph, if any. After a word search,
shows the location of the next or
previous match.
UP DN
UP
DN
or
*Hold the first key while pressing the other key.

6
Key Guide
✩
+Q-P Types numbers.
✩
+ At the Word Search
screen, types a hyphen.
CAP
+At a menu, goes to the last
or or first item. At a drug mono-
graph, displays the next or
previous section.
CAP
+ At the Word Search
screen, types an asterisk to
stand for a series charac-
ters or spaces in the
search word(s).
Quick Keys*
When you are reading a
drug monograph, the Quick
keys display these sections:
A
Actions
O
Antidote
T
Compatible With
C
Contraindications
S
Dilution
D
Dose Adjustments
L
Drug/Lab Interactions
X
Incompatible With
I
Indications and Usage
N
Neonatal/Infant Dose
P
Pediatric Dose
W
Precautions
R
Rate of Administration
E
Side Effects
U
Usual Dose
*You can use the Quick keys only when a drug
monograph is on screen.
➤ Understanding the Color Keys
The color keys (red, green, yellow,
and blue) perform the functions
listed in this Key Guide only for this
book card.
Other books have their own color
key functions, which are labelled on
their cards or on the BOOKMAN
keyboard. For more information,
read “Using the Color Keys.”
?
✻

7
Installing a Book Card
Warning! Never install or remove a
book card when your BOOKMAN is
turned on. If you do, information that
you entered in its built-in book and in
any installed book cards will be erased.
1. Turn your BOOKMAN off.
2. Turn your BOOKMAN over.
3. Align the book card tabs with
the notches in a card slot.
4. Press the book card until it
snaps into place.
Introduction
Your new BOOKMAN book card is a
powerful, portable electronic reference
that you can use anywhere. Simply in-
stall it into your BOOKMAN and you’re
ready to go.
Using this book, you can search for
detailed monographs by generic and
trade name drugs, by categories of
drugs, and even by words appearing in
monographs. Cross-references, foot-
notes, and tables provide additional in-
formation.
You can also place your own book-
marks in the text to quickly find the
drug monographs and other sections
that you use most often, as well as
look up the meanings of abbreviations,
and transfer words to look them up in
other relevant BOOKMAN books.
➤ Using the Instruction Label
This User’s Guide is accompanied
by a self-adhesive instruction label
that can affixed to the inside top
cover of your BOOKMAN for quick
reference.
➤ Removing a Book Card
Caution: When you remove a
book card that does not have a
built-in battery of its own, informa-
tion that you entered in that book
card may be erased.

8
Selecting a Book Using the Color Keys
The red, green, yellow, and blue keys
on your BOOKMAN change their func-
tions according to which book you are
using.
When you are using its built-in book,
the color keys function as labelled on
the BOOKMAN keyboard. When you
are using an installed book card, the
color keys function as labelled on that
book card.
Remember, the color keys for book
cards function as labelled on their
cards, not necessarily as labelled on
the BOOKMAN keyboard.

If one or more book cards are installed
in your BOOKMAN, you can select
which book you want to use.
1. Turn your BOOKMAN on.
2. Press
CARD
.
3. Press or to select
the book you want to use.
4. Press
ENTER
to use it.
➤ Resuming Where You Left Off
When using this book card, you can
turn off your BOOKMAN at any
time. When you turn on your
BOOKMAN again, the screen that
you last viewed normally appears.

9
Viewing a Demonstration Changing the Settings
Using the Setup menu, you can adjust
the type size, shutoff time, and screen
contrast.
The shutoff time determines how long
your BOOKMAN stays on if you forget
to turn it off.
1. Press
MENU
.
2. Use the arrow keys to high-
light Set Type Size, Set
Shutoff, or Set Contrast on
the Setup menu.
3. Press
ENTER
.
4. Use or to select a new
setting.
Or press
BACK
to leave the set-
ting unchanged.
5. Press
ENTER
to save the
setting.
Before you use this book, you may want
to see a brief demonstration. First, be
certain that the book card is installed and
selected. Then follow these steps.
1. Press
CLEAR
.
2. Use the arrow keys to
highlight the Setup menu.
3. Use to highlight View Demo.
4. Press
ENTER
.
5. To stop the demo, press
CLEAR
.
➤ Help is Always at Hand
You can view a help message at virtu-
ally any screen by pressing
HELP
.
To exit help, press
BACK
.
To read a tutorial about this book,
highlight
Tutorial on the Setup menu
and then press
ENTER
.
➤ Follow the Arrows
The flashing arrows at the right of
the screen show which arrow keys
you can press to scroll through
menus or view more text.

10
Looking up Drugs
You can find drug monographs by se-
lecting drugs from the Drugs menu.
The Drugs menu lists generic and
trade drug names, as well as Important
IV Therapy Facts and other introduc-
tory material, relevant publications, and
the appendices.
1. Press
CLEAR
.
2. Type a drug name. For ex-
ample, type Polycillin N.
You do not need to type capitals.
To undo a typed letter, press
BACK
.
To scroll up and down, use or .
To type a number, hold
✩
and
press a numbered key.
To go to the appendixes or introduc-
tion, hold
CAP
and press or .
To go directly to the text from a high-
lighted drug, hold
✩
and press
ENTER
.
3. When the drug is high-
lighted, press
ENTER
.
Looking up Drugs
If you selected a trade name, its ge-
neric name appears.
4. Highlight a section by scroll-
ing to its title or by typing its
first few letters. For example,
highlight Usual Dose.
5. Press
ENTER
.
To learn how to read drug mono-
graphs, read “Reading Drug
Monographs.”
6. Press
CLEAR
when finished.
➤ Canadian Drug Names
On the Drugs menu, a drug name
preceded by a maple leaf icon indi-
cates a trade name available in
Canada only.

11
Finding Drugs by Category
You can also find drug monographs by
using the Categories menu. The Catego-
ries menu lists drugs by class.
1. Press
CLEAR
.
2. Press to highlight the
Categories menu.
3. Start typing a category. For ex-
ample, type inotropic agents.
You do not need to type capitals.
To undo a letter, press
BACK
.
4. When the category is high-
lighted, press
ENTER
.
Or scroll to another category and
then press
ENTER
.
5. Highlight a drug by typing its name
or by scrolling to it. For example,
highlight digoxin injection.
6. Press
ENTER
.
Finding Drugs by Category
7. To see the next or previous
monograph in the category,
hold
✩
and use DN or UP.
8. To see the list of drugs in the
category, press
BACK
.
9. Press
CLEAR
when finished.
➤ Using NEXT and PREV
When you find a drug monograph
using the Drugs menu, holding
✩
and pressing UP or DN displays the
monograph of the next or previous
drug listed on the Drugs menu.
When you find a monograph using
the Categories menu,
✩
plus UP
or DN displays the next or previous
monograph within the selected cat-
egory only.
➤ Viewing Your Location
When you are reading a drug mono-
graph or other text, you can see the
current monograph (or chapter) and
section titles by pressing
SPEC
or
? *
. To return to the monograph or
text, press
BACK
.

12
Reading Drug Monographs
Contraindications
C
Dilution
S
Dose Adjustments
D
Drug/Lab Interactions
L
Incompatible With
X
Indications and Usage
I
Neonatal/Infant Dose
N
Pediatric Dose
P
Precautions
W
Rate of Administration
R
Side Effects
E
Usual Dose
U
4. To see your current location
in the monograph, press
SPEC
(green) or
? *
.
5. Press
BACK
to return to the
monograph.
6. To go to the next or previous
monograph, hold
✩
and
press DN or UP.
Reading Drug Monographs
Once you have found a drug monograph,
there are many ways to read it.
1. Find a drug monograph.
To learn how, read “Using the Drugs
Menu,” “Using the Categories
Menu,” or “Searching for Words.”
This is the start of the monograph
for Urokinase.
2. Use the Direction keys:
To... Press...
scroll line by line or
scroll page by page DN or UP
page down
SPACE
go to the next or
CAP
+
previous section or
3. Use the Quick keys:
To go to this section... Press...
Actions
A
Antidote
O
Compatible With
T

13
Searching for Words
word(s).
4. Press
ENTER
to see the first match.
5. Hold
✩
and use DN or UP to
see the locations of the next
or previous matches.
6. Press
ENTER
to see a match.
7. Press
MENU
to see the mono-
graphs with matches listed
on the Drugs menu.
After a word search, only those
monographs and sections with
matches are listed on the Drugs
menu.
8. To view a match, select a
drug and then a section.
9. To clear your search and re-
turn to the Word Search
screen, press
SEARCH
.
Another way to find drug monographs is
by entering drug names or other words
at the Word Search screen.
1. Press
SEARCH
(yellow).
The Word Search screen appears.
2. Type your search word(s).
For example, type myocardial
ischemia.
You do not need to type capitals.
To type a space, press
SPACE
.
To type a hyphen, hold
✩
and
press .
To erase a letter, press
BACK
.
To move the cursor, press or .
3. Press
ENTER
to search.
This is the location of the first oc-
currence, or match, of your search
Searching for Words

14
You can also search for a word by
highlighting it in a drug monograph or
other text.
1. When a monograph or other
text is on screen, press
ENTER
.
Notice the highlight. You can turn
off the highlight by pressing
BACK
.
2. Use the arrow keys to high-
light another word.
3. Press
ENTER
to search for it.
4. Press
ENTER
again to see the
first match.
5. Hold
✩
and use DN to see
the locations of the next
matches.
6. Press
MENU
to view the
matches on the Drugs menu.
7. Press
CLEAR
when finished.
Highlighting Search Words
➤ If You Misspell a Search Word
If you enter a misspelled word at the
Word Search screen, a list of correc-
tions appears. Use to highlight a one
and then press
ENTER
to search for it.
➤ Searching for Parts of Words
If you cannot remember the prefix,
suffix, or other part of a word, type
an asterisk in place of the missing
letters. (To type an asterisk, hold
CAP
and press
? *
.) For ex-
ample, enter
hypo✻ at the Word
Search screen.
Then highlight a match and press
ENTER
to search for it.
➤ Words Too Common to Search for
Some common words and medical
terms, such as
the and physician ,
would yield too many matches, so you
cannot search for them.
Searching for Words

15
➤ Understanding Word
Searches and Expansions
When you search for a word, either
by entering it at the Word Search
screen or by highlighting it in text,
titles and headings (in bold type) are
searched first for exact matches. If
no exact matches are found in titles
or headings, then the text is
searched for exact matches.
If no exact matches are found, then
the titles and headings are searched
for inexact matches, such as inflec-
tions and synonyms. If no inexact
matches are found in the titles and
headings, then the text is searched.
A word search stops as soon as
matches are found at a level de-
scribed above. Pressing
MORE
(red) expands the search to the next
level and finds additional matches, if
any.
The number of matches found at a
given search level may be less than
at the previous level.
Expanding Your Searches
Expanding Your Searches
After you have entered a word search,
you can expand your search to find ad-
ditional matches.
Some word searches can be expanded
up to three times. To learn more, read
“Understanding Word Searches and
Expansions.”
1. Press
SEARCH
(yellow).
2. Type a word and press
ENTER
.
For example, enter iv.
3. Press
MORE
(red) to expand
the search.
4. Hold
✩
and use DN to see
the locations of the next
matches.
5. Press
MENU
to view the matches
listed on the Drugs menus.
6. Press
CLEAR
when finished.

16
Throughout this book, cross-refer-
ences (indicated by ’s) and foot-
notes (indicated by ’s) appear.
Cross-references take you directly to
related material, such as tables. Foot-
notes contain explanatory or qualifying
information
1. When you see a or in
the text, hold
✩
and press
ENTER
to highlight it.
If more than one or appears
on the screen, continue holding
✩
and pressing
ENTER
until the or
that you want is highlighted.
2. Press
ENTER
.
This is a sample cross-reference.
3. Press
BACK
to go back to the
highlighted icon.
Reading Cross-references,
Footnotes, and Tables Reading Cross-references,
Footnotes, and Tables
4. Press
BACK
again to turn off
the highlight.
➤ Looking up Abbreviations
Here is a quick way to find the
meaning of abbreviations (except
single letters) when you are reading
a drug monograph or other text.
First, press
ENTER
to start the high-
light, and then use the arrow keys
to highlight the abbreviation.
Next, press
ENTER
to see its mean-
ing. To return to the text and turn off
the highlight, press
BACK
twice.
Note: The meanings of all the abbre-
viations appear in the Appendix of
this User’s Guide.
➤ Understanding the Tables
The tables in this book are pre-
sented as bulleted text, not as tabu-
lar rows and columns, at the end of
the appropriate monograph section.

17
Using Bookmarks
Removing a Bookmark
1. Find a in the text.
To learn how, read “Finding a
Bookmark.”
2. Press
LIST
(blue).
3. To see the full title of a book-
mark, press
? *
.
4. Press
ENTER
to select Remove
bookmark.
Or press
BACK
to exit without re-
moving the bookmark.
Using Bookmarks
Adding a Bookmark
You can place up to ten bookmarks in the
text of this book.
1. When a monograph or other
section is on the screen, press
LIST
(blue).
2. Press
ENTER
to select Add
bookmark.
Notice that a bookmark icon, ,
has been added to the text.
Finding a Bookmark
Once you have added bookmarks, you
can easily find them.
1. Press
LIST
(blue).
2. Use to highlight a bookmark.
Bookmarks are listed by their mono-
graph or chapter titles in the order that
you added them (i.e., by recency).
3. Press
ENTER
to see the book-
marked text.
➤ Removing All Your Bookmarks
You can remove all your bookmarks
at once by resetting your BOOK-
MAN when this book card is in-
stalled. To learn how, read
“Resetting Your BOOKMAN” in the
User’s Guide that came with your
BOOKMAN unit.
Warning! Resetting your BOOK-
MAN may erase other information
that you have entered in the built-in
book as well as in any other in-
stalled book cards.

18
Book Card Care
LBS.
• Do not touch the metal con-
tacts on the book cards.
Caution: Touching these electrical
contacts with statically charged ob-
jects, including your fingers, could
erase information entered in a book
card or built-in book.
• Do not put excessive pressure
on the book cards.
•
Do not expose the book cards
to heat, cold, or liquids.
This book can transfer words between
certain other BOOKMAN books.
Transferring words is useful, for ex-
ample, if you want to look up words in
other nursing books.
To transfer words to and from this book,
this book card must be installed in your
BOOKMAN. In addition, the other in-
stalled book card(s) and/or its built-in
book must be able to send or receive
words. To learn if a book can send or re-
ceive words, read its User’s Guide.
1. Highlight a word in this book.
To highlight a word in the text,
press
ENTER
and then press the ar-
row keys. (Read “Highlighting
Search Words.”)
2. Hold
✩
and press
CARD
.
3. Highlight the icon of another
book.
4. Press
ENTER
.
The word that you highlighted ap-
pears in the other book.
5. If needed, press
ENTER
to look
up the word in the other book.
Transferring Words
Between Books

19
Copyrights, Patents,
and Trademarks
This unit may change operating modes due to elec-
trostatic discharge. Normal operation of this unit
can be re-established by pressing the reset key,
ON/OFF
, or by removing or replacing batteries.
Gahart’s Intravenous Medications
Model NIM-2072
Size: 5.9 x 4.2 x 0.6 cm
© 1997 Franklin Electronic Publisher, Inc.,
Burlington, NJ 08016-4907 U.S.A. All
rights reserved.
© 1996 by Mosby-Year Book, Inc. a Times-
Mirror Co. All rights reserved.
BOOKMAN is a registered trademark of
Franklin.
U.S. Patents 4,490,811; 4,830,618;
5,113,340; 5,218,536; 5,229,936;
5,396,606.
German Pats. M9409743.7 and
M9409744.5. Euro. Patent 0136 379. Pat-
ents Pending.
ISBN 1-56712-381-3.
Appendix:
Key to Abbreviations
<: less than
>: more than
1/2 NS: one-half normal saline (0.45%)
ACE: angiotensin converting enzyme
ACT: activated coagulation time
AIDS: acquired immune deficiency syndrome
ALT: (SGPT) alanine aminotransferase
aPTT: activated partial thromboplastin time
AST: (SGOT) aspartate aminotransferase
BP: blood pressure
BUN: blood urea nitrogen
C: celcius; centigrade
Ca: calcium
CBC: complete blood count
CHF: congestive heart failure
Cl: chloride
CNS: central nervous system
Co2: carbon dioxide
CPK: Creatine-kinase
CrCl: creatinine clearance
CSF: cerebrospinal fluid
C/S: culture and sensitivity
CVP: central venous pressure
D10/NS: 10% dextrose in normal saline
D10W: 10% dextrose in water
D5/0.2S: 5% dextrose in 0.2 saline
D5/1/2NS: 5% dextrose in one-half normal sa-
line (0.45%)
D5/LR: 5% dextrose in lactated Ringer's solution
D5/NS: 5% dextrose in normal saline